Human resource management (HRM) is the practice of recruiting, hiring, deploying and managing an organization's employees. HRM is often referred to simply as human resources (HR). A company or organization's HR department is usually responsible for creating, putting into effect and overseeing policies governing workers and the relationship of the organization with its employees.
1. The main differences between traditional personnel management and HRM are:
The Traditional Personnel Management practices focus on managing routine tasks and administrative tasks related to employee management. It is limited to hiring and firing employees and maintaining employment records. The traditional personnel management system is bureaucratic and hierarchical in nature. The Human Resource Management approach emphasizes the development of employees and the utilization of their skills in achieving organizational goals. HRM is an employee-oriented management system that focuses on creating a positive work environment that promotes employee growth and development. The HRM approach is strategic, long-term, and proactive. It recognizes employees as the most valuable assets of the organization.
2. The HR manager plays a critical role in developing and implementing HR policies and procedures that align with the organizational goals. The HR manager ensures that the organization complies with employment laws and regulations. The HR manager is responsible for recruiting, training, and retaining employees. The HR manager also manages employee relations and resolves conflicts. The following are the primary functions of an HR Manager:
Keeping up-to-date with the latest developments in employment law and ensuring that the organization complies with them. Recruiting, training, and retaining employees.Developing and implementing employee benefits and compensation programs.Managing employee relations and resolving conflicts. Coordinating with other departments to ensure that HR policies and procedures are implemented effectively.Managing performance appraisal systems.Managing employee welfare programs and employee engagement activities.Conducting training and development programs to improve employee skills and knowledge.Managing HR budget and maintaining employment records.Learn more about HRM: https://brainly.com/question/30054077
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Case Study:
Mr. Murad owned a valuable plot in Bahria Town, worth Rs. 5m. He was forced by some aggressive
men to sell this plot to Mr. Noman for Rs. 3.8m. They threatened him of destroying his car, if he would
not give consent to this contract.
1. If Mr. Murad gives his consent accordingly, then explain the legal status of this contract, as
per the viewpoint of various Muslim jurists on this issue.
2. Describe the legal consequences of this contract, as well.
1. Legal Status of ContractThe contract between Mr. Murad and Mr. Noman is voidable from the beginning since Mr. Murad was compelled by threats to consent to the transaction. It was made under duress, which is forbidden in Islamic law (Shariah).A valid contract requires the parties to freely agree to its terms, without any pressure or coercion.
Islamic scholars believe that the consent must be given with a free will to make the contract valid, otherwise, it would be invalid.The Prophet (PBUH) said:“Allah is most merciful to those who are merciful to others. If you show mercy to your fellow creatures, then Allah will be merciful to you.”[Sunan Abu Dawud]If Mr. Murad signed the contract, then it would not be considered valid, as he was forced to enter into it and didn't sign it of his own free will.
2. Legal Consequences of ContractThe contract would not be enforceable in court since it was made under duress. The law provides protection to people who are under threat or duress and provides them with remedies if they are forced to enter into a contract against their will.In this case,
Mr. Murad could seek legal assistance to annul the contract, and if he succeeds in doing so, the plot will be returned to him. He may also be entitled to compensation from Mr. Noman for any damages he may have suffered as a result of the transaction.
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Jaup Nonprofit has a beginning balance in notes payable of $42,000 and an ending balance of $68,000. During the year, $4,000 of principal payments on notes payable were made. Identify any activity that should be reflected in the statement of cash flows using the indirect method. You must report which section(s) of the statement of cash flows would be affected, as well as the direction and amount for each transaction.
The activity reflected in the statement of cash flows using the indirect method would be: Statement of Cash Flows; Financing Activities: Decrease in Notes Payable: -$22,000
The activity that should be reflected in the statement of cash flows using the indirect method is the principal payments on notes payable. These payments are considered cash flows from financing activities.
The direction of the transaction is an outflow of cash since principal payments reduce the amount of debt owed. Let's calculate the specific amount:
Beginning balance in notes payable: $42,000
Ending balance in notes payable: $68,000
Principal payments on notes payable: $4,000
To determine the change in notes payable, we can use the formula:
Change in Notes Payable = Ending Balance - Beginning Balance
Change in Notes Payable = $68,000 - $42,000
Change in Notes Payable = $26,000
Since the principal payments made on notes payable reduce the debt, we can calculate the decrease in notes payable by subtracting the change from the principal payments:
Decrease in Notes Payable = Principal Payments - Change in Notes Payable
Decrease in Notes Payable = $4,000 - $26,000
Decrease in Notes Payable = -$22,000
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eric lost his job because a recession hit hard and caused his employer's sales to fall. this is an example of:
The situation where Eric lost his job because of a recession is an example of Structural Unemployment.
What is Structural Unemployment?Structural unemployment occurs when the skills, education, and training of a worker do not match the requirements of the new job or new industry. The mismatch between the job vacancies and the skills of workers causes structural unemployment. In simple terms, the economic conditions, such as recessions, can lead to a decrease in the demand for certain types of workers.
This can cause unemployment as people may be forced out of work because they no longer have the necessary skills or training to find work elsewhere.
In the example, Eric lost his job because of a recession that caused his employer's sales to fall. As a result, his employer had to let him go due to a lack of demand for workers and a decrease in business activities. This is an example of Structural Unemployment.
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Suppose that the annual interest rate is 5.0% in the United States and 3.4% in Germany, and that the spot exchange rate is $1.13 / € and the forward exchange rate, with one-year maturity, is $1.17 / €. Assume that an arbitrageur can borrow up to $1,000,000. If an astute trader finds an arbitrage, what would be the net cash flow in one year after paying the interest expenses? A. $21,363.24 B. $34,623.35
C. $70,601.77 D. $20,601.77
The net cash flow in one year is $70,601.77.
Suppose that the annual interest rate is 5.0% in the United States and 3.4% in Germany and that the spot exchange rate is $1.13 / € and the forward exchange rate, with one-year maturity, is $1.17 / €.
Assume that an arbitrageur can borrow up to $1,000,000.
$21,363.24 B. $34,623.35 C. $70,601.77 D. $20,601.77
The answer is C. $70,601.77
First, we calculate the arbitrage profit by investing in Germany and borrowing in the US.1. Borrow $1,000,000 at 5% in the US.2.
Convert $1,000,000 to euros at the current rate of $1.13 / €, which is €882,681.564.3.
invest €882,681.56 in Germany at a rate of 3.4 percent.
After a year, it will be worth €912,080.456.4.
Exchange €912,080.46 back into US dollars at the current rate of $1.13 / €.
This equals $1,032,841.12.5.
The return in US dollars is $32,841.12.
The second step is to compute the profit from borrowing in Germany and investing in the US.1. Borrow €882,681.56 in Germany at a rate of 3.4 percent.
After a year, it will be worth €913,667.672.2. Convert €913,667.67 to US dollars at the current rate of $1.13 / €.
This equals $1,033,119.85.3.
Invest $1,000,000 in the US at a rate of 5%. After a year, it will be worth $1,050,000.4.
Return the €913,667.67 loan, which now equals $1,069,345.17 with interest.5.
The return in US dollars is $19,345.17.
The third step is to determine the net profit or cash flow.1.
The profit from investing in Germany and borrowing in the US is $32,841.12.2.
The profit from borrowing in Germany and investing in the US is $19,345.17.3.
The difference between the two is $13,495.95.4.
After paying interest expenses of $64,105.82 ($50,000 at 5% plus $14,105.82 at 3.4%), the net cash flow in one year is $70,601.77.
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Incurring an expense in the current accounting period, which will be paid in the following accounting period, will require A. a debit to an expense and a credit to capital B. a debit to an expense and a credit to cash C. a debit to an expense and a credit to a liability D. a debit to a liability and a credit to an expense
When an expense is incurred in the current accounting period, which will be paid in the following accounting period, a debit to an expense and a credit to a liability are required. The correct option is option C.
The liability is a debt owed by a company to an outside party, which includes accounts payable, wages payable, taxes payable, and interest payable. An expense is a cost incurred by a business entity in order to generate income and is an important element of the accounting equation that reduces equity.
An expense is incurred by a business entity in order to generate income. It is necessary to recognize an expense in the accounting period in which it is incurred so that the financial statements provide an accurate representation of the business entity's financial situation.
When an expense is incurred, the following entry is made: Debit the expense account. Credit the liability account.
When the liability is paid, the following entry is made: Debit the liability account. Credit the cash account.
Hence, it can be concluded that incurring an expense in the current accounting period, which will be paid in the following accounting period, will require a debit to an expense and a credit to a liability.
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Electric Vehicle is a new product category. Discuss the various
new products in this category and what possible features do they
have that existing products do not.
Minimum 200 words please
Electric Vehicle (EVs) is a new product category. It has gained massive popularity in recent times due to its efficiency and environmentally-friendly nature. These new products include the following: Electric CarsElectric cars are one of the new products in the EV category.
They come in different sizes and designs. They have unique features such as range, charging time, and battery capacity. Compared to traditional cars, electric cars are energy-efficient and emit less carbon dioxide. They are ideal for long-distance travel, and they require minimal maintenance. Electric bikes are another new product in the EV category. They are available in different sizes and designs. They have unique features such as battery capacity, range, and motor power. They require minimal maintenance, and they are environmentally friendly. They are ideal for commuting and short-distance travel. Some electric bikes have an option for pedaling, which makes them ideal for exercising and leisure activities.
Electric ScootersElectric scooters are also new products in the EV category. They come in different sizes and designs. They have unique features such as battery capacity, range, and motor power. They require minimal maintenance, and they are environmentally friendly. They are ideal for commuting and short-distance travel. They are also easy to use and maneuver compared to traditional scooters. In summary, the EV category has seen the emergence of various new products such as electric cars, electric bikes, and electric scooters. These products have unique features such as range, battery capacity, and motor power. They are energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and require minimal maintenance compared to traditional products.
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Research has demonstrated that a pilot's reaction time deteriorates as time increases since their most recent rest period. Suppose that at 10 hours since the pilot's last rest period, reaction time averages 2.0 seconds and is normally distributed with standard deviation of 0.6 seconds. With every additional hour since the pilot's most recent rest period, reaction time increases by 0.2 seconds. The regulatory authority has demanded that reaction time not exceed 3.6 seconds, 98% of the time. A. How long can this pilot safely operate the aircraft (given the stipulations of the regulatory authority) before they require another rest period. Report your answer in minutes. B. The air force has experimented with stimulants that reduce the rate of deterioration to 0.15 seconds for every hour beyond 10 since the most recent rest period. What is the probability that a long-range bomber pilot is able to complete a 20-hour mission and maintain a reaction time of three seconds? a a
(A) Therefore, the pilot can safely operate the aircraft for an additional 13 hours beyond the initial 10-hour period, totaling 23 hours, before requiring another rest period.
(B) The pilot can complete a 20-hour mission while maintaining a reaction time of 3 seconds with a probability of 100%.
A. To determine how long the pilot can safely operate the aircraft before requiring another rest period, we need to find the point at which the reaction time exceeds 3.6 seconds, with a 98% confidence level.
Initial reaction time at 10 hours: 2.0 second
Standard deviation: 0.6 seconds
Reaction time increases by 0.2 seconds per hour
Using the formula for z-score: z = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation, we can calculate the z-score corresponding to the desired 98th percentile.
z = (3.6 - 2.0) / 0.6
z = 2.6
Looking up the z-score in a standard normal distribution table, we find that the corresponding percentile is approximately 0.995.
Since the pilot's reaction time deteriorates by 0.2 seconds per hour, we can set up the equation:
2.6 = 0.2t, where t represents the number of additional hours beyond 10.
Solving for t:
t = 2.6 / 0.2
t = 13 hours
Converted to minutes, this is 23 * 60 = 1380 minutes.
B. With the use of stimulants that reduce the rate of deterioration to 0.15 seconds per hour beyond 10, we can adjust the calculation.
Reaction time increases by 0.15 seconds per hour beyond 10
Desired reaction time during the 20-hour mission: 3 seconds
We need to get the probability that the reaction time stays below 3 seconds for the entire 20-hour mission.
Using the adjusted equation:
3 - 0.15t ≤ 3
-0.15t ≤ 0
t ≥ 0
Since t represents the number of hours beyond 10, in this case, t = 10.
So, the pilot can complete a 20-hour mission while maintaining a reaction time of 3 seconds with a probability of 100%.
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A company has received 5 jobs with the following information. The jobs arrived in order by job number. They want to compare the average flow time and average late time using the shortest processing time (SPT) sequencing rule to the performance based on the slack time. Provide the average flow time and average late time for each of the scheduling rules (SPT and slack).
To compare the average flow time and average late time for the SPT sequencing rule to the performance based on the slack time, we can use the following steps: Total Late Time is the sum of the late times for all jobs.
For each job, calculate the flow time using the SPT sequencing rule.
For each job, calculate the flow time using the slack time.
Calculate the average flow time for each set of jobs using the appropriate formula.
Calculate the average late time for each set of jobs using the appropriate formula.
Here are the formulas for calculating the average flow time and average late time:
Average Flow Time:
(Average Flow Time = \frac{\text{Total Flow Time}}{\text{Number of Jobs}} * 100%)
where:
Total Flow Time is the sum of the flow times for all jobs.
Number of Jobs is the number of jobs being considered.
Average Late Time:
Average Late Time =[tex]\frac{\text{Total Late Time}}{\text{Number of Jobs}}[/tex] * 100%
where:
Total Late Time is the sum of the late times for all jobs.
Number of Jobs is the number of jobs being considered.
Using these formulas, we can calculate the average flow time and average late time for each set of jobs based on the SPT sequencing rule and the slack time. We can then compare the results to see which rule performs better.
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Valuation of cash flow
Erwin Footwear wants to determine the value of their Active Wear Division. This division has a debt with a market value of $12,500,00 and none preferred action. Their average capital cost is 10%. The next table represents the cash flow estimated annually from 2013 to 2016. From 2016 the company is expecting a cash flow increase to an annual rate of 4%.
The value of Erwin Footwear's Active Wear Division can be determined by discounting the cash flows at the average cost of capital and subtracting the debt value of $12,500,000 from the total present value of future cash flows.
To calculate the present value, each cash flow is divided by the discount factor, which is (1 + average cost of capital)^n, where n represents the number of years from the present. The cash flows are then summed up to determine the total present value.
For the years 2013 to 2015, the cash flows remain constant at $2,000,000. Considering the average cost of capital at 10%, the discount factor for each year is 1 / (1 + 0.10)^n.
For the year 2016, the cash flow increases by 4% annually. The discount factor for 2016 is calculated based on the same formula, but with the increased cash flow amount.
Once the present value of each year's cash flow is determined, they are summed up to obtain the total present value of future cash flows.
By subtracting the debt value of $12,500,000 from the total present value, the valuation of Erwin Footwear's Active Wear Division can be determined. This valuation represents the net value of the division after considering its debt and future cash flows.
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1) Some people advocate for a lump-sum tax on income, under which people would all pay the same absolute tax, and there would be no deductions or extra paperwork. One advantage of a tax of this type is that it would: change consumer behavior. • improve the fairness of the tax. • reduce the administrative burden of the tax. • increase tax revenues. 2) A disadvantage of a tax of this type is that: • it is unfair. • it is proportional • it is regressive. 3) The greatest percentage of U.S. tax revenues come from: • income taxes. • payroll taxes. • corporate income taxes. • Income and payroll taxes contribute about equal shares. _? 1) 40% 2) 4) The percentage of that tax is approximately__ 8.5% 3) 60% 4) 25%
Answer:
Explanation:
A tax of this type would reduce the administrative burden of the tax. By implementing a lump-sum tax on income with no deductions or extra paperwork, the administrative process becomes simpler and more efficient.
A disadvantage of a tax of this type is that it is regressive. A lump-sum tax, where everyone pays the same absolute amount regardless of their income level, places a heavier burden on lower-income individuals compared to higher-income individuals. Therefore, it is considered regressive in terms of its impact on different income groups.
The greatest percentage of U.S. tax revenues come from income taxes. Income taxes contribute the largest share to the overall tax revenues in the United States.
The percentage of that tax is approximately 40%. Income taxes contribute about 40% of the total U.S. tax revenues.
z company needs 5000 units per month. Fixed cost for order placement, and receiving is Tk. 5,000/= per order. Each computer costs Tk. 30,000/= and retailer has a holding cost of 30%.
You are required to calculate:
(1) The number of computers that should be ordered in each lot.
(ii) Cycle inventory and Number of orders per year.
(iii) Average flow time and Annual holding cost.
Please give the answer of this question
(i)The number of computers that should be ordered in each lot is 167.
(ii)The cycle inventory is 83.33 and the number of orders per year is 30.
(iii)The average flow time is 0.5 months and the annual holding cost is Tk. 1,125,000.
(i)To calculate the optimal order quantity, divide the annual demand (5000) by the order quantity and the number of order per year is 30.
so the lot is 5000/30
=> 166.66
=> 167
So Each lot should contain 167 computers.
(ii)The cycle inventory is half of the order quantity, which is 167/2 which equals to 83.33 computers. The number of orders per year is 30.
(iii)To calculate the average flow time, divide the cycle inventory by half the demand. The annual holding cost can be calculated by multiplying the cycle inventory by the cost per computer and the holding cost rate, then multiplying by the number of orders per year.
=> 30000*500*30
=> 1,125,000.
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Why would a company choose selective or exclusive over
intensive? Why not have the product sold in as many places as
possible?
A company may choose selective or exclusive over intensive as a distribution strategy for their product for several reasons.
Selective distribution is a distribution strategy whereby a company distributes its products to a limited number of retailers in a given geographic area while exclusive distribution is a strategy where the manufacturer allows only one retailer or outlet within a specified geographic region to sell its products. The following are some reasons why a company may choose selective or exclusive over intensive:
1. Product exclusivity and brand image: Selective and exclusive distribution channels can be useful when a company wants to create an exclusive image for its products. By limiting the number of retailers that sell its products, a company can maintain an air of exclusivity around its brand.
2. Retailer expertise; Selective and exclusive distribution channels can be used when a company wants to work with a particular retailer with expertise in a particular type of product.
3. Control over the brand; Selective and exclusive distribution channels allow a company to maintain greater control over the marketing and branding of its products.
4. Retailer support; By limiting the number of retailers that sell its products, a company can ensure that it receives the support of the retailers that do sell its products.
5. Brand dilution; Intensive distribution channels can lead to a dilution of a brand's value as the product may be sold in low-end discount stores or other outlets that don't align with the brand's image. By limiting distribution to higher-end retailers, a company can avoid diluting its brand's image.
6. Shelf space competition: Intensive distribution channels can lead to competition for shelf space with other products. By limiting distribution, a company can ensure that its products receive adequate shelf space and that it is not competing for space with other brands.
7. Sales volume: controlIntensive distribution channels can lead to fluctuating sales volumes, making it difficult to manage production and inventory levels. By limiting distribution, a company can better manage sales volumes and control production and inventory levels.
8. Price control: Selective and exclusive distribution channels allow a company to maintain greater control over the price of its products as the product is sold through a limited number of outlets.
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On January 1 of the current year, a company paid $200,000 cash to purchase 10%, 10-year bonds, with a par value of $200,000; interest is paid semiannually each June 30 and December 31. The company intends to hold these bonds until they mature. Prepare the journal entry for the interest received on December 31 of the current year.
The journal entry for the interest received on December 31 of the current year would be as follows:
Date: December 31, [current year]
Debit: Cash $10,000 (interest received: 10% of $200,000)
Credit: Interest Revenue $10,000
The company receives $10,000 in interest income from the bonds it holds. This is recorded as a debit to the Cash account, representing an increase in cash, and a credit to the Interest Revenue account, recognizing the revenue earned from the interest received.
The journal entry assumes that the company uses the accrual basis of accounting, where interest revenue is recognized when earned, regardless of whether it has been received or not.
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1. "Undisputed marketplace leadership." - COMPANY A
AND
EXXON: "We are committed to being the world's premier petroleum and petrochemical company. To that end, we must continuously achieve superior financial and operating results while adhering to the highest standards of business conduct. These unwavering expectations provide the foundation for our commitments to those with whom we interact." - EXXON
Comment on the mission statements above?
The mission statements of COMPANY A and Exxon highlight their respective goals and aspirations.
COMPANY A emphasizes its undisputed marketplace leadership, indicating a focus on establishing a strong position in the market. This suggests a commitment to being a dominant player in their industry and potentially striving for market dominance as a key measure of success. On the other hand, Exxon's mission statement emphasizes their commitment to being the premier petroleum and petrochemical company. They prioritize achieving superior financial and operating results while adhering to high standards of business conduct. This indicates a focus on excellence in their operations and a commitment to ethical business practices.
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Answer the two questions in not more than 400 words(word
file)
What are your views on this change of law?
What can be some disadvantages of amending the laws
frequently?
Opinions on changes to the law vary depending on the specific context and the nature of the change. However, there are a few general viewpoints that can be considered.
Adaptability: Some argue that updating and amending laws is necessary to keep up with the changing needs and circumstances of society. This perspective supports the idea that laws should be flexible and capable of responding to new challenges and developments.
Stability and Predictability: On the other hand, others may value stability and predictability in the legal system. They argue that frequent changes to the law can create confusion and uncertainty, making it difficult for individuals and businesses to comply with and understand the legal framework.
Consistency: Maintaining consistency and coherence in the legal system is another important consideration. Frequent changes to the law may lead to conflicting provisions, making it challenging for legal professionals and citizens to navigate the legal landscape effectively.
Public Participation: Some people advocate for public involvement in the lawmaking process. They believe that changes to the law should be made through a democratic and transparent process, allowing citizens to provide input and express their views on proposed changes.
Disadvantages of Amending Laws Frequently:
While occasional amendments to laws are often necessary, frequent changes can have some drawbacks:
Uncertainty and Compliance Costs: Frequent amendments make it harder for individuals and businesses to keep up with the changes and comply with the law. This can lead to increased costs associated with understanding, implementing, and adapting to new regulations.
Disruption of Legal Certainty: Frequent changes to the law can erode legal certainty, which is crucial for a stable and predictable legal system. Individuals may find it challenging to plan their actions or make informed decisions if laws keep changing rapidly.
Inefficiency and Administrative Burden: Frequent amendments can place a burden on the legal system itself. Legislative bodies, courts, and administrative agencies may struggle to keep pace with the volume of changes, leading to delays, inefficiencies, and potential inconsistencies in the interpretation and application of the law.
Lack of Stability for Businesses: Frequent changes can disrupt business operations, as companies need to adjust their practices and policies to align with new regulations. This can be particularly burdensome for small businesses that may lack the resources to adapt quickly.
Reduced Public Participation: Frequent changes to the law may limit opportunities for meaningful public input and engagement in the lawmaking process. When changes occur rapidly, it can be challenging for the public to stay informed and provide meaningful feedback on proposed amendments.
In summary, the views on changing the law depend on the specific circumstances, but considerations of adaptability, stability, consistency, and public participation often come into play. While occasional amendments are necessary, frequent changes can lead to uncertainty, increased compliance costs, administrative burdens, and reduced stability for businesses. Striking a balance between the need for updating laws and maintaining stability is crucial for an effective legal system.
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4. HR challenges HR departments are often tasked with determining what kinds of talent an organization will need in the future and where to go to attract applicants with those talents. What HR role do these activities represent? O Administrative role Operational and employee advocate role O Strategic role U.S. businesses today are faced with competition, cost pressures, and restructuring. One of the main challenges in this area is the lack of skilled workers for companies to hire. As a result, a "gig economy" has emerged. Which of the following is the best definition of a gig economy? O Employees are unwilling to work for more than a month at any single employer. Employees work as freelancers, cobbling together work from several companies, rather than working at one company. O Potential employees act like rock stars and refuse to work for anything less than premium wages. Employees prefer working in teams so they can have their "band" around them.
The following is the solution to the question about HR role and gig economy:4. The HR role that represents determining what kinds of talent an organization will need in the future and where to go to attract applicants with those talents is the Strategic role. Hence option 2) is correct.
The following is the solution to the question about HR role and gig economy:4. The HR role that represents determining what kinds of talent an organization will need in the future and where to go to attract applicants with those talents is the Strategic role. The Strategic role in Human Resource Management is the most critical as it involves assessing the future HR requirements of an organization and planning a strategy to meet those needs.
The strategic HR department is responsible for workforce planning, talent acquisition, succession planning, and leadership development. It requires long-term planning and visioning of human resources that are aligned with the organization's overall strategic goals. A gig economy is a labor market characterized by temporary work and short-term contracts or freelance work rather than permanent jobs.
A gig economy values temporary contracts and independent workers over long-term employment. Employees in a gig economy work as freelancers, culling work from various businesses, rather than working for one corporation. Because many freelancers work from home, companies save on office expenses while also reducing the cost of benefits.
A gig economy can provide greater flexibility and job variety, but it can also lead to job insecurity and a lack of job benefits. As a result, gig workers must constantly look for new clients, which can be stressful. Therefore option 2) is correct.
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Note Complete Question
HR challenges HR departments are often tasked with determining what kinds of talent an organization will need in the future and where to go to attract applicants with those talents. What HR role do these activities represent?
1)Administrative role Operational and employee advocate role
2) Strategic role U.S. businesses today are faced with competition, cost pressures, and restructuring. One of the main challenges in this area is the lack of skilled workers for companies to hire. As a result, a "gig economy" has emerged. Which of the following is the best definition of a gig economy?
3)Employees are unwilling to work for more than a month at any single employer. Employees work as freelancers, cobbling together work from several companies, rather than working at one company.
4)Potential employees act like rock stars and refuse to work for anything less than premium wages. Employees prefer working in teams so they can have their "band" around them.
At an output level of 8,200 units, you have calculated that the degree of operating leverage is 1.90. The operating cash flow is $62,500 in this case. Ignore the effect of taxes. What will be the new degree of operating leverage for output levels of 9,200 units and 7,200 units?
The degree of operating leverage at 9,200 units is 1.97. At 7,200 units, the degree of operating leverage is1.83.
To compute the degree of operating leverage (DOL), use the following formula:DOL = (% Change in EBIT) / (% Change in Sales)where EBIT is Earnings Before Interest and TaxesWe're given the DOL value, the output level, and the operating cash flow, and we're requested to determine the DOL for two different output levels. We'll start by calculating the EBIT for the given output level, which will be useful later on.Operating cash flow = $62,500EBIT = Operating cash flow / (1 - Fixed costs / Sales)DOL = 1.9Output level = 8,200 unitsUsing the formula,1.9 = (% Change in EBIT) / (% Change in Sales)We already know the % Change in Sales since the output level has been given. Let's suppose the % Change in Sales is x%.
As a result,8,200(x%) = 9,200(x + 1%) (future output level)8,200(x%) = 9,200x + 92,000x = 0.1346 or 13.46%Using this % Change in Sales, we can calculate the % Change in EBIT.1.9 = (% Change in EBIT) / (13.46%)% Change in EBIT = 1.9 × 13.46%% Change in EBIT = 25.57%EBIT at 8,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - Fixed costs / Sales)EBIT at 8,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - FC / 8200)At 8,200 units, we can solve for the Fixed cost as follows:8200(x%) = 7200(x - 1%) (previous output level)8200(x%) = 7200x - 72,000x = 0.1266 or 12.66%At 7,200 units, we can solve for the Fixed cost as follows:EBIT at 9,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - Fixed costs / Sales)EBIT at 9,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - FC / 9200)% Change in Sales = (9200 - 8200) / 8200% Change in Sales = 12.2%%
Change in EBIT = 1.9 × 12.2%% Change in EBIT = 23.18%EBIT at 9,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - FC / 9200)EBIT at 9,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - 0.1266)EBIT at 9,200 units = $62,500 / 0.8734EBIT at 9,200 units = $71,608.68At 7,200 units,% Change in Sales = (7200 - 8200) / 8200% Change in Sales = -12.2%% Change in EBIT = 1.9 × -12.2%% Change in EBIT = -23.18%EBIT at 7,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - FC / 7200)Solving for Fixed cost yields:EBIT at 7,200 units = $62,500 / (1 - FC / 7200)$62,500 / (1 - FC / 7200) = $71,608.68Solving for Fixed cost yields :Fixed cost = $12,310.46.
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• Information about the underlying asset: spot price 100, expected return 15%, volatility 20%.
• Information about the market: risk-free rate 5.00%.
a)n Consider a Cox-Ross-Rubinstein (CRR) binomial tree, in which one time step is 4 months. Calculate the up-factor u, and down-factor d, and show how to get the probability (of price moving up) p?
b)Consider an at-the-money American put option maturing in 1 year. Build a 3-step CRR binomial tree (i.e. show the price changes).
c)Calculate the option price using the tree in question (b) and show the early exercise points if there is any.
The option price using the CRR binomial tree is approximately $10.102, and the early exercise points occur at the second and third steps, where the option price is greater than the exercise value.
a) To calculate the up-factor (u) and down-factor (d) in the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein (CRR) binomial tree, we use the following formulas:
u = e^(σ√(Δt))
d = 1/u
where:
σ is the volatility (20% or 0.20)
Δt is the time step (4 months or 1/3 year)
Plugging in the values:
u = e^(0.20√(1/3)) ≈ 1.098
d = 1/u ≈ 0.911
To calculate the probability of a price move up (p), we use the risk-neutral probability:
p = (e^(rΔt) - d) / (u - d)
where:
r is the risk-free rate (5% or 0.05)
Δt is the time step (4 months or 1/3 year)
d and u are the down-factor and up-factor respectively.
Plugging in the values:
p = (e^(0.05*(1/3)) - 0.911) / (1.098 - 0.911) ≈ 0.534
Therefore, the up-factor (u) is approximately 1.098, the down-factor (d) is approximately 0.911, and the probability of a price move up (p) is approximately 0.534.
b) To build a 3-step CRR binomial tree, we start with the spot price of 100 and apply the up-factor and down-factor to calculate the price changes at each step. The tree structure would look like this:
130
/ \
108.9 150
/ \ /
90.6 121.5 195
At each step, the price can either go up by the up-factor or down by the down-factor.
c) To calculate the option price using the CRR binomial tree, we start from the final step and move backward, calculating the option value at each node. At each node, we compare the exercise value (max of the strike price minus the spot price or 0) with the expected option value discounted back from the next step.
Using the tree structure from part b), we would calculate the option prices and early exercise points as follows:
130
/ \
18.9 50
/ \ /
0 1.5 45
At the final step, the option price is the exercise value, which is the max of the strike price (let's assume it's 100) minus the spot price or 0. So, at the final nodes, the option prices are 0 and 0.
Moving backward, we discount the expected option values from the next step using the risk-free rate (5%).
At the second step, the option price at the upper node is (0.534 * 0 + (1 - 0.534) * 1.5) * e^(-0.05 * 1/3) ≈ 1.286
At the lower node, the option price is (0.534 * 1.5 + (1 - 0.534) * 45) * e^(-0.05 * 1/3) ≈ 22.169
Finally, at the initial step, the option price is (0.534 * 0 + (1 - 0.534) * 18.9) * e^(-0.05 * 1/3) ≈ 10.102
Therefore, the option price using the CRR binomial tree is approximately $10.102, and the early exercise points occur at the second and third steps, where the option price is greater than the exercise value.
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Answer the next two (2) questions on the basis of the information below. The one-year interest rate in the U.S. is is = 2% and in the euro zone the one- year interest rate is ie = 6%. The spot rate is $1.2471 per euro. a) What is the one-year forward exchange rate consistent with the no- arbitrage condition? Show your calculations. = 1.2471 1.02/1.06 =1.20 b) Based on your answer in the previous question, what is the annualized forward premium (discount) for the euro? Show your calculations.
a) The one-year forward exchange rate consistent with the no-arbitrage condition is 1.20.
b) The annualized forward discount for the euro is -2.74%.
a)The one-year forward exchange rate consistent with the no-arbitrage condition is shown below:
1.2471 × 1.02/1.06 = 1.20
Therefore, the one-year forward exchange rate consistent with the no-arbitrage condition is 1.20.
b)The forward premium (discount) for the euro can be computed as follows:
Forward premium (discount) = Forward rate - Spot rate / Spot rate × (360 / number of days to delivery)
In this case, the number of days to delivery is equal to 365 days (one year).
Therefore, the forward premium (discount) for the euro is:
Forward premium (discount) = 1.20 - 1.2471 / 1.2471 × (360 / 365)= -0.0274 or -2.74%
Therefore, the annualized forward discount for the euro is -2.74%.
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In ____________ organizations, more decisions are made at lower levels of management.
In decentralized organizations, more decisions are made at lower levels of management.
This allows lower-level employees to take more responsibility and have more autonomy in decision-making. In a decentralized organizational structure, decision-making authority is distributed throughout the organization instead of being concentrated at the top. This means that lower-level managers and employees have more input.
In a decentralized organizational structure, decision-making power is distributed throughout the organization, with different levels of management making decisions based on their level of authority and expertise. The benefit of this approach is that it allows for quicker response times to changes in the market and enables managers to make decisions based on local knowledge and expertise.
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a
bond pays interest annualy yields a rate of return of 8.25 percent
. the infalation rate for same period is 2 percent what is the real
rate of turn on this bond ( round 2 decimal pls)
The real rate of return on the bond is 6.25 percent.
The real rate of return measures the actual purchasing power gained from an investment after adjusting for inflation. Inflation erodes the value of money over time, so it is important to consider its impact on investment returns.
The real rate of return on a bond can be calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from the nominal rate of return. In this case, the bond pays an annual interest rate of 8.25 percent, while the inflation rate for the same period is 2 percent.
To calculate the real rate of return, we subtract the inflation rate from the nominal rate of return:
Real Rate of Return = Nominal Rate of Return - Inflation Rate
Real Rate of Return = 8.25% - 2%
Real Rate of Return = 6.25%
By subtracting the inflation rate of 2 percent from the nominal rate of return of 8.25 percent, we find that the bond's real rate of return is 6.25 percent. This means that after accounting for inflation, the bond provides a 6.25 percent increase in purchasing power.
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The ever-present need to manage demand successfully is why supply chain mangers have moved from being _______________ to being _________________.
The ever-present need to manage demand successfully is why supply chain managers have moved from being reactive to being proactive.
Traditionally, supply chain managers have taken a reactive approach to managing demand. They would respond to changes in customer demand or market conditions after they occur, which often led to inefficiencies and disruptions in the supply chain.
However, with the increasing complexity and volatility of markets, supply chain managers have recognized the importance of being proactive in managing demand. This means taking preemptive actions to anticipate and shape demand, rather than just reacting to it. Proactive supply chain management involves using data analytics, forecasting techniques, market insights, and collaboration with partners to better understand customer demand patterns and trends.
By being proactive, supply chain managers can align their operations, inventory levels, production schedules, and logistics to meet anticipated demand more effectively. They can also develop strategies to mitigate risks, optimize resource allocation, and improve customer satisfaction. Overall, being proactive in managing demand helps supply chain managers to better anticipate and respond to market dynamics, enhance efficiency, and drive overall supply chain performance.
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Define and explain the significance of the following.
(1) Limited liability partnership
(1) Condition
(1) False imprisonment
(1) Assault
(1) Duress
(1) Caveat
(1) What is the standard of care of a Gratuitous Bailment for the benefit of the Bailee?
(1) Injunction - when is it used?
(1) Quantum meruit
(1) Tenancy in Common
(1) Doctrine of corporate opportunity
(2) Misrepresentation by omission
(2) Agency by ratification
(3) Statutory Right of Way
(4) Dismissal for cause - when does it occur and what is its effect? What must the employer pay?
(4) What is a limited partnership and when is it a desirable choice for a business organization?
(4) What are the benefits of incorporation?
(1) **Limited liability partnership (LLP):** A limited liability partnership is a legal business structure where the partners have limited personal liability for the debts and actions of the partnership.
This means that the partners' personal assets are protected from the partnership's liabilities, and they are only financially responsible to the extent of their investment in the partnership. LLPs are commonly used by professionals such as lawyers, accountants, and consultants.
(1) **Condition:** A condition refers to a contractual term or requirement that must be satisfied in order for a contract to be legally binding or for certain obligations to be fulfilled. It is an essential element that defines the rights and responsibilities of the parties involved. Failure to meet a condition may result in the contract being terminated or specific consequences being triggered.
(1) **False imprisonment:** False imprisonment is the unlawful and intentional confinement or restraint of a person against their will, without lawful justification or consent. It involves the complete restriction of an individual's freedom of movement, and it can occur through physical barriers, threats, coercion, or abuse of authority. False imprisonment is a violation of a person's civil rights and may lead to legal consequences for the perpetrator.
(1) **Assault:** Assault is the intentional act of causing apprehension or fear of imminent harmful or offensive contact in another person. It does not require physical contact to occur, but rather the creation of a reasonable fear or apprehension of harm. Assault can involve verbal threats, gestures, or any action that instills fear in the victim. It is a civil offense and, in some jurisdictions, may also be a criminal offense.
(1) **Duress:** Duress refers to the coercion or threat of imminent harm that is used to induce someone to act against their will or better judgment. It involves the use of force, violence, or unlawful pressure to compel a person to enter into a contract or perform an act they would not have otherwise done. Duress undermines the voluntary nature of consent and can render a contract voidable.
(1) **Caveat:** A caveat is a formal notice or warning issued to prevent certain actions or proceedings from taking place without prior notice to the person who lodged the caveat. It serves as a legal safeguard to protect an individual's interests and rights by requiring others to provide notice and opportunity for response before taking any action that may affect them.
(1) **The standard of care of a Gratuitous Bailment for the benefit of the Bailee:** In a gratuitous bailment, where one party (the bailor) delivers personal property to another party (the bailee) without any compensation, the bailee is required to exercise slight or ordinary care in safeguarding the property. This means that the bailee must take reasonable precautions to prevent loss or damage to the property but is not held to the same high standard of care as in a bailment for hire.
(1) **Injunction:** An injunction is a court order that requires a person or entity to stop or refrain from doing a particular action or behavior. It is used when there is a need to prevent irreparable harm, maintain the status quo, or protect the rights of a party during ongoing legal proceedings. Injunctions can be temporary (interim or preliminary) or permanent, depending on the circumstances and outcome of the case.
(1) **Quantum meruit:** Quantum meruit is a Latin term meaning "as much as is deserved." It refers to a legal principle that allows a party to recover a reasonable value for goods or services provided when there is no existing contract or when the contract is unenforceable. It is based on the idea of preventing unjust enrichment by ensuring that a party receives fair compensation for their efforts and contributions.
(1) **Tenancy in Common:** Tenancy in common is
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Each individual has the same Cobb-Douglas utility function in consumption (C) and leisure (L).Suppose that there are N individuals in an economy.
Function: U = CαLβ , α, β > 0
In this case, each individual has the same Cobb-Douglas utility function in consumption (C) and leisure (L). the labor supply function for the individual in a competitive labor market in which hours can be bought and sold at a fixed rate w will be h = [(wT + y)(α-1)] / [w(1 - t)α].
Suppose that there are N individuals in an economy. The function is: U = CαLβ, where α, β > 0
The only difference among these individuals is that they may be offered different wage rates depending on their ability. We need to derive the labor supply function for the individual in a competitive labor market in which hours can be bought and sold at a fixed rate w.
Let the initial budget constraint be (1 - t) wh + y = wT, where t is a flat tax rate on labor income, h is the number of hours worked, y is the non-labor income, and T is the total time endowment.
Suppose an individual works h hours, consumes C = (wT + y - (1 - t) wh)1-α, and has L = T - h time endowment left for leisure.
The Lagrangian for this individual is: L = (wT + y - (1 - t) wh)1-α αC + λ (T - h - L)
Taking the derivative of L with respect to h and λ and setting it equal to zero, we have:
αC(w(1 - t) α-1 - λ) = 0 (1)λ = w(1 - t)(1 - α)
Lining up equation (1) with the budget constraint, we get:
(1 - t) wh = wT + y - C(wT + y)1-α(1 - t) wh = wT + y - (wT + y)1-αC1-α = (wT + y)(α-1)
Therefore, the labor supply function for an individual is given by: h = [(wT + y)(α-1)] / [w(1 - t)α]
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A fractured humerus or tibia can retain up to how much blood in an adult?
A fracture is an event that happens when an object with insufficient durability, such as a bone, is subjected to pressure, resulting in the integrity of the object being compromised. The human body, like any other object, is not indestructible. Injuries and accidents occur all of the time, and one of the most common injuries that people suffer from is fractures.
A fractured humerus or tibia can retain up to 1000 ml of blood in an adult. In medical terminology, a fractured tibia is a fracture of the shinbone. A fractured humerus is a fracture of the upper arm bone, and it is one of the most common fractures that occur in adults. The humerus and tibia are two of the longest bones in the body, and they are responsible for supporting the body's weight.
The amount of blood that can be lost following a fracture of the tibia or humerus is determined by the severity of the fracture. It is possible for a fracture to cause internal bleeding, which can lead to the retention of blood inside the body. An adult's humerus or tibia can retain up to 1000 milliliters of blood following a fracture.
In conclusion, a fractured humerus or tibia can retain up to 1000 ml of blood in an adult. The amount of blood that is lost following a fracture is determined by the severity of the fracture, and it is possible for a fracture to cause internal bleeding, which can result in the retention of blood inside the body.
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In an optimization problem, the positive difference between the
two sides of a constraint is called:
the surplus.
the constraint gain.
the deficit.
the slack.
In an optimization problem, the positive difference between the two sides of a constraint is called the slack.
In optimization problems, constraints are conditions or limitations that must be satisfied for a solution to be considered feasible. When solving an optimization problem, it is common to have constraints that are expressed as inequalities (e.g., less than or equal to, greater than or equal to). The slack of a constraint refers to the positive difference between the left-hand side (LHS) and the right-hand side (RHS) of the constraint.
If the slack value is positive, it indicates that the constraint is not fully utilized and there is room for improvement or flexibility in the solution. It represents the amount by which the solution can exceed the minimum requirement or constraint. On the other hand, if the slack value is zero or negative, it means that the constraint is fully utilized or violated, respectively.
The concept of slack is important in optimization as it provides insights into the feasibility and flexibility of the solution. It helps decision-makers understand the trade-offs and potential for improvement within the constraints of the problem. By analyzing the slack values, one can identify areas where there is surplus capacity or room for optimization, leading to more efficient and effective solutions.
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the combination of all the factors that consumers evaluate when deciding whether or not to buy a good or service is called a:
The combination of all the factors that consumers evaluate when deciding whether or not to buy a good or service is called a purchase decision or buying decision.
When making a purchase decision, consumers consider various factors that influence their choice. One crucial factor is price, as consumers assess whether the product or service offers value for money. They also evaluate the quality of the item, including its durability, reliability, and performance. Additionally, consumers examine the brand's reputation and trustworthiness, looking for brands that align with their values and have a positive image.
Another important aspect is the product's features and benefits. Consumers assess how well the product meets their needs and preferences. They consider factors such as functionality, design, convenience, and customization options. Furthermore, consumers take into account the availability and accessibility of the product, including its distribution channels and ease of purchase.
Social factors also play a role in the purchase decision. Consumers may be influenced by the opinions and recommendations of friends, family, or online reviews. They consider the social status associated with the product and how it aligns with their desired self-image.
Additionally, personal factors such as individual preferences, lifestyle, and past experiences impact the purchase decision. Consumers may evaluate how the product fits into their daily lives and whether it satisfies their aspirations or goals.
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Describe in detail how International Stock Markets
help Multinational Corporations (MNC’s) to finance their
international business expansion activities? (
International stock markets provide MNCs with expanded funding opportunities, improved market valuation, risk diversification, currency hedging capabilities, liquidity, and enhanced global reputation
International stock markets play a crucial role in helping multinational corporations (MNCs) finance their international business expansion activities in several ways:
1. Access to Capital: International stock markets provide MNCs with a platform to raise capital by issuing equity or debt securities to investors around the world. By listing their shares on international stock exchanges, MNCs can tap into a broader investor base and attract funds from a larger pool of potential investors.
2. Diversification of Funding Sources: MNCs can diversify their funding sources by accessing international stock markets. By raising capital globally, MNCs reduce their dependence on a single domestic market and are less exposed to country-specific risks.
3. Enhanced Market Valuation: Listing on international stock exchanges can potentially enhance the market valuation of MNCs. By being listed on reputable and well-regulated stock markets, MNCs gain increased visibility and credibility among investors, leading to higher investor confidence and valuation multiples.
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on 16 1 Point The HR manager told Fatima that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single woman (not married), this benefit is not important to her right now. In this case, Fatima is low on the element of Expectancy Theory. A Expectancy B Instrumentality Valence D Outcomes Question 17
The HR manager told Fatima that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single woman (not married), this benefit is not important to her right now. In this case, Fatima is low on the Valence element of the Expectancy Theory. Thus, option C is correct.
Valence refers to the value or importance that an individual places on a particular outcome or reward. It represents the attractiveness of the outcome to the individual.
Since Fatima is a single woman and not married, the company's offer to pay the total health insurance costs for a family of four is not relevant or valuable to her current situation. The health insurance benefit, which is designed for a family, does not align with her personal circumstances, and therefore, its importance or attractiveness is low for her.
According to the Expectancy Theory, an individual's motivation is influenced by their belief that efforts will lead to performance (expectancy), performance will lead to outcomes (instrumentality), and the outcomes are desirable (valence).
In this case, Fatima's low valence indicates that the outcome, in this case, the health insurance benefit, do not hold significant importance or desirability for her, as it does not align with her current needs or circumstances. Thus, option C is correct.
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Point Question 32 Business Design utilizes a structure that is highly flexible. Employees are assigned to temporary teams. Accordingly, each member has to report to two bosses. Specify Business Designs base of departmentalization. [Explanation is not required] Use the editor to format your answer Question 33 1 Point A coffee shop uses an online system to engage customers. After each transaction, customers receive a text asking them to rate their experience with either a smiley, neutral or sad face emoji. Specify the type of control that is illustrated in this case. [Explanation is not required] Use the editor to format your answer
Question 32: Business Design's base of departmentalization is Team-Based. In this approach, employees are organized into temporary teams that work together on specific projects or tasks. The teams are formed based on the specific needs of the business at a given time, allowing for flexibility and adaptability.
Each team is typically cross-functional, consisting of individuals from different departments or areas of expertise, who come together to collaborate and achieve specific objectives. In this structure, employees may report to two bosses: their functional manager, who oversees their skills and expertise, and their team leader, who coordinates the work of the temporary team.
Question 33: The type of control illustrated in this case is Feedback Control. The coffee shop uses an online system to engage customers and collects feedback after each transaction. By sending a text message with smiley, neutral, or sad face emojis, the customers are given the opportunity to rate their experience. This feedback serves as a control mechanism to monitor and assess the quality of customer experience.
The coffee shop can use this information to identify areas of improvement, evaluate customer satisfaction, and make necessary adjustments to enhance their service. The feedback control helps the coffee shop to continuously monitor and maintain the desired level of customer experience.
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