A letter of credit (L/C) is a payment system that is mostly used in international trade. Payment under a Letter of Credit is typically final, and as such, it cannot be claimed. This means that the beneficiary (seller) can be confident that once the negotiating bank has received all the necessary documents, they will be paid.
This is one of the major advantages of using a letter of credit as it reduces the risk of non-payment for the seller. However, it's important to note that the payment is only made if the seller has complied with all the conditions in the L/C.
A letter of credit may be revocable or irrevocable. If a credit is subject to UCP 600 and does not indicate whether it is irrevocable or not, it is a revocable L/C.
A revocable L/C can be modified or cancelled by the issuing bank at any time without prior notice to the beneficiary. The reason for this is that the issuing bank has no obligation to the beneficiary; rather, its obligation is to the applicant.
For a confirmed credit, the confirming bank holds the same liability as the issuing bank. The confirming bank acts as a second bank that guarantees payment to the seller. The role of the confirming bank is to provide additional security to the seller, especially when the issuing bank is in a high-risk country.
In this case, the seller will have confidence in the confirmed credit because the confirming bank is responsible for payment if the issuing bank fails to do so.
In L/C, the advising bank is responsible for examining the documents presented by the beneficiary. This is done to ensure that they are in conformity with the terms and conditions of the L/C. The advising bank must make sure that all the documents are in compliance before they forward them to the issuing bank.
If there is any discrepancy, the advising bank will reject the documents and advise the beneficiary. The role of the advising bank is to act as an intermediary between the issuing bank and the beneficiary.
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graham if a financial advisor has a new client with existing assets, they should invest all the assets at once rather than a dollar-cost averaging approach.
True or False
The given statement is false because A financial advisor should assess the client's goals, risk tolerance, market conditions, and other relevant factors to determine whether a lump sum investment or DCA approach is more suitable.
Both approaches have their pros and cons, and the choice between them depends on factors such as the client's risk tolerance, investment goals, market conditions, and personal circumstances. Here are a few considerations:
Market Timing: If the market is volatile or uncertain, and the investor is concerned about making a large investment at a potentially unfavorable time, DCA can help mitigate the risk of investing a lump sum at the wrong time.
Risk Tolerance: Lump sum investing exposes the entire amount to market fluctuations immediately, which can be a significant risk for some investors. DCA provides a more gradual and potentially less risky approach, especially for risk-averse individuals.
Opportunity Cost: On the other hand, if the market is generally expected to rise over time, investing a lump sum upfront may capture potential gains sooner, potentially resulting in higher returns compared to DCA.
Psychological Factors: Clients may have emotional biases or concerns about investing a large sum all at once. DCA can help address these concerns and provide a sense of comfort and control.
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Childress Company produces three products, K1, S5, and G9. Each product uses the same type of direct material. K1 uses 4.8 pounds of the material, S5 uses 3.4 pounds of the material, and G9 uses 6 pou
The contribution margin per pound for K1 is $16.20, for S5 is $8.60, and for G9 is $10.70.
What is the contribution margin per pound for each of the three products?To get contribution margin per pound for each product, we will divide the contribution margin per unit by the pounds of material used for each product.
For K1:
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable cost
Contribution margin per unit = $155.8 - $91.00
Contribution margin per unit = $64.80
Contribution margin per pound:
= Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of material used
= $64.80 / 4
= $16.20
For S5:
Contribution margin per unit:
= Selling price - Variable cost
= $108.92 - $90.00
= $18.92
Contribution margin per pound;
= Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of material used
= $18.92 / 2.2
= $8.60
For G9:
Contribution margin per unit:
= Selling price - Variable cost
= $205.55 - $136.00
= $69.55
Contribution margin per pound:
= Contribution margin per unit / Pounds of material used
= $69.55 / 6.5
= $10.70.
Full question:
Childress Company produces three products, K1, S5, and G9. Each product uses the same type of direct material. K1 uses 4 pounds of the material, S5 uses 2.2 pounds of the material, and G9 uses 6.5 pounds of the material. Demand for all products is strong, but only 55,400 pounds of material are available. Information about the selling price per unit and variable cost per unit of each product follows. K1 S5 G9 Selling price $155.8 $108.92 $205.55 Variable costs 91.00 90.00 136.00 Required: 1. Calculate the contribution margin per pound for each of the three products
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You are hired to review the accounting records of Sherry Inc. (a public corporation) before it closes its revenue and expense accounts as at December 31, 2020, the end of its current fiscal year. The following information comes to your attention. State whether you agree or disagree with each of the accounting decisions made by Sherry below and briefly explain why. If you disagree, list one violation of the conceptual framework.
On December 28, Sherry collected $76,000 cash in advance for merchandise to be shipped in January. This transaction was recorded on December 28 as a debit to cash , $76,000 and a credit to sales revenue, $76,000.
Agree or Disagree:____________________________
Briefly explain why you agree or disagree. If you disagree, list one accounting concept/principle/assumption/qualitative criteria/measurement method that is not followed.
If on December 28, Sherry collected $76,000 cash in advance for merchandise to be shipped in January and the transaction was recorded on December 28 as a debit to cash , $76,000 and a credit to sales revenue, $76,000, I disagree with the decision as it violates the revenue recognition principle.
The given accounting decision by Sherry Inc. is not in accordance with the accounting concepts and principles. It is a violation of the revenue recognition principle, which requires that revenue must be recorded when it is earned, and it must be recognized at the time of sale. Therefore, I disagree with the accounting decision made by Sherry.
This is because the company recorded revenue in the current fiscal year when cash was collected in advance for merchandise that will be shipped in the next fiscal year. As per the revenue recognition principle, revenue must be recognized at the time of sale and not at the time of collection.
Since the merchandise will be shipped in January (next fiscal year), the revenue for this transaction should not be recognized in the current fiscal year (December 2020) but in the next fiscal year (January 2021).
Therefore, the correct entry for the transaction on December 28 would be:
Debit: Cash, $76,000
Credit: Deferred Revenue, $76,000
Thus, this accounting decision violates the revenue recognition principle of accounting.
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Acort Industries owns assets that will have a(n) 75% probability of having a market value of $51 million one year from now. There is a 25% chance that the assets will be worth only $21 million. The current risk-free rate is 10%, and Acort's assets have a cost of capital of 20%. a. If Acort is unlevered, what is the current market value of its equity? b. Suppose instead that Acort has debt with a face value of $20 million due in one year. According to MM, what is the value of Acort's equity in this case? c. What is the expected return of Acort's equity without leverage?
a. If Acort is unlevered, the current market value of its equity can be calculated using the concept of the risk-adjusted present value (APV) approach.
The risk-adjusted present value (APV) is calculated as follows:
APV = (Probability of high value) * (High value) + (Probability of low value) * (Low value)APV = (0.75) * ($51 million) + (0.25) * ($21 million)APV = $38.25 million + $5.25 millionAPV = $43.5 millionTherefore, the current market value of Acort's equity is $43.5 million.
b. According to Modigliani-Miller (MM) theorem, the value of Acort's equity with debt can be obtained by adding the present value of the tax shield to the unlevered equity value.
The tax shield is the present value of the tax savings due to the interest expense on the debt. In this case, Acort has debt with a face value of $20 million and a cost of capital of 20%. Assuming a corporate tax rate of 0%, there are no tax savings, and the tax shield value is zero.Therefore, the value of Acort's equity with debt is the same as the unlevered equity value, which is $43.5 million.
c. The expected return of Acort's equity without leverage can be calculated as the weighted average of the expected returns in the high-value and low-value scenarios, based on the probabilities of each scenario.
Expected return = (Probability of high value) * (Return in high value scenario) + (Probability of low value) * (Return in low value scenario)The return on equity without leverage is not provided in the information, so the expected return cannot be calculated without this information.About MarketA perfectly market is a structure in which there are many sellers or companies that produce goods. Perfect competition market is also defined as a market that has many companies to provide services to buyers in the market.
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identify one area of negotiation and conflict management and
provide one example of how it is relevant to the business world
One area of negotiation and conflict management that is relevant to the business world is the negotiation of contracts between parties. Negotiation of contracts involves the parties in a business agreement coming to a mutually beneficial agreement about the terms and conditions of their relationship, such as the price of goods or services, delivery schedules, and payment terms.
This process is important to the business world because it helps ensure that both parties benefit from the agreement and that the terms are clearly defined, reducing the risk of conflicts arising later on.
An example of how this is relevant to the business world is in the negotiation of a supply contract between a manufacturer and a supplier. The manufacturer needs a steady supply of raw materials to produce their products, while the supplier needs a steady customer to provide a market for their goods. In the negotiation of the contract, the two parties would need to come to an agreement about the price of the raw materials, the quantity to be supplied, delivery schedules, and payment terms. Through the negotiation process, they can identify areas of potential conflict and find ways to resolve them in a mutually beneficial manner. This could involve, for example, agreeing to a flexible pricing model based on market conditions or agreeing to a penalty clause if one party fails to meet their obligations under the contract. Ultimately, effective negotiation and conflict management of contracts can help businesses build strong and profitable relationships with their suppliers and customers, which is critical to their success in the competitive business world.
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You have just been advised that your organization is opening an office in Québec. Describe the employer contributions that are specific to the province of Québec, their rates and thresholds where available. (Do not include the organization’s portion of the statutory deductions.)
If your organization is opening an office in Québec, it is important to understand the employer contributions specific to the province of Québec.
These contributions and their rates and thresholds are outlined below:
1. Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) QPP is a mandatory retirement plan that provides retirement, survivor, and disability benefits. Employers must make contributions on behalf of their employees. The maximum employer contribution rate for 2021 is 6.37% on earnings up to a maximum annual amount of $61,600.
2. Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP)QPIP is a mandatory insurance plan that provides income replacement to eligible parents on parental leave. Employers must make contributions on behalf of their employees. The maximum employer contribution rate for 2021 is 0.496% on earnings up to a maximum annual amount of $83,500.
3. Quebec Health Services Fund (QHSF)QHSF is a fund that provides funding for the healthcare system in Québec. Employers must make contributions on behalf of their employees. The contribution rate for 2021 is 2.7% on total payroll up to a maximum annual amount of $82,700.
4. Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST)CNESST is a government agency responsible for enforcing occupational health and safety standards in Québec. Employers must make contributions to CNESST on behalf of their employees. The contribution rate for 2021 varies by industry and ranges from 0.12% to 2.12% on total payroll up to a maximum annual amount of $89,500.It is important to note that these rates and thresholds are subject to change each year. Employers should stay up to date on the latest changes to ensure compliance with Québec's employment laws and regulations.
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alog of Online... New Tab G terminal GIGM.co... abled: MGMT8500 - Midterm Exa... i Activity Cost Pool Serving a party of diners Serving a diner Serving drinks Total cost Total activity Sign in to your OC... Activity Measure Number of parties served Number of diners served Number of drinks ordered Serving a Party $65,600 8,000 parties Jordan's Lakeside is a popular restaurant located on Lake Muskoka in Ontario. The owner of the restaurant has been trying to better understand costs at the restaurant and has hired a student intern to conduct an ABC study. The intern, in consultation with the owner, identified the following major activities: Saved Serving a Party One or more diners who ask to sit at a table are counted as a party. Some costs, such as the costs of cleaning linen, are the same whether one person is at a table or the table is full. Other costs, such as washing dishes, depend on the number of diners served. Data concerning these activities are displayed below. Serving a Diner $119,600 13,000 diners Serving a Diner Application/profile... C Campus life and s... < Prev Required: 1. Compute the activity rate for each of the three activities. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Serving Drinks Serving Drinks $55,000 11,000 drinks Prior to the ABC study, the owner knew very little about the costs of the restaurant. She knew that the total cost for the month was $240,200 and that 13,000 diners had been served. Therefore, the average cost per diner was approximately $18.48 (= $240,200 + 13,000 diners). 6 of 11 Help Total $240,200 Timetable for May... Next > Save & Exit Submit
The activity rates for each of the three activities are: $8.20 per party $9.20 per diner $5 per drink.
Activity rates for each of the three activities are computed as follows:
Serving a Party: Activity cost pool = $65,600 Activity measure = Number of parties served Activity rate
Activity cost pool ÷ Activity measure
= $65,600 ÷ 8,000 parties
= $8.20 per party Serving a Diner:
Activity cost pool = $119,600Activity measure = Number of diners served
Activity rate = Activity cost pool ÷ Activity measure
= $119,600 ÷ 13,000 diners
= $9.20 per diner Serving Drinks:
Activity cost pool = $55,000Activity measure = Number of drinks ordered
Activity rate = Activity cost pool ÷ Activity measure
= $55,000 ÷ 11,000 drinks
= $5 per drink.
Therefore, the activity rates for each of the three activities are:$8.20 per party$9.20 per diner$5 per drink.
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According to the straight-line depreciation method, an equal amount of depreciation expense is assigned to each year of the asset useful life O True O False
According to the straight-line depreciation method, an equal amount of depreciation expense is assigned to each year of the asset useful life. The given statement is TRUE.
Straight-line depreciation is the most widely used method for computing depreciation. It is a method that equally assigns the cost of a fixed asset to each year of its useful life. In other words, the amount of depreciation is constant and the same amount is charged to expense each year during the asset's life.
For example, suppose a machine costing $10,000 has a useful life of 5 years. The depreciation expense of the machine is $2,000 per year using the straight-line method. The $10,000 cost is spread over five years, with each year's depreciation expense of $2,000 recorded in the general ledger and the depreciation schedule. The asset's value will be reduced to zero at the end of its useful life.
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If for a particular market a drop in price from $100 to $50 causes quantity supplied to decrease from 3 million to 2 million units we can say that supply: a. is elastic b. is inelastic c. is perfectly inelastic d. is perfectly elastic e. has a price elasticity whose numerical value is exactly equal to one
Supply elasticity: It is a quantitative way to represent the amount of percentage change in the quantity of goods supplied with respect to its price change. The answer to the given question is option (a) is elastic.
It shows the behavior of sellers' total supply to changes in the price of goods.A product with elastic supply has a large change in supply with a small change in the price of the product. A product with inelastic supply has a small change in supply with a large change in the price of the product.
The given situation states that when the price falls from $100 to $50, the quantity supplied decreases from 3 million to 2 million. The percentage change in price is 50% and the percentage change in quantity supplied is 33.33%. Therefore, the numerical value of supply elasticity is greater than 1 which indicates that the supply of this particular market is elastic.
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Getrich has 2.1 million shares outstanding and a current share price of $4.0 per share. It also has $70.5 million in outstanding debt, with a debt cost of capital of 7.5%. Getrich’s equity cost of capital is 15.9%. If the corporate tax rate is 22.1%, what is Getrich's weighted average cost of capital? Round your answer to two decimal places in percentage form.
Getrich's weighted average cost of capital is 11.38%.
1. Calculate the market value of equity:
Market value of equity = Number of shares outstanding * Share price
Market value of equity = 2.1 million * $4.0
Market value of equity = $8.4 million
2. Calculate the market value of debt:
Market value of debt = Outstanding debt
Market value of debt = $70.5 million
3. Calculate the total market value of the firm:
Total market value = Market value of equity + Market value of debt
Total market value = $8.4 million + $70.5 million
Total market value = $78.9 million
4. Calculate the proportion of equity in the firm's capital structure:
Proportion of equity = Market value of equity / Total market value
Proportion of equity = $8.4 million / $78.9 million
Proportion of equity = 0.1063
5. Calculate the proportion of debt in the firm's capital structure:
Proportion of debt = Market value of debt / Total market value
Proportion of debt = $70.5 million / $78.9 million
Proportion of debt = 0.8937
6. Calculate the after-tax cost of debt:
After-tax cost of debt = Debt cost of capital * (1 - Tax rate)
After-tax cost of debt = 7.5% * (1 - 22.1%)
After-tax cost of debt = 0.075 * (1 - 0.221)
After-tax cost of debt = 0.058575
7. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
WACC = (Equity proportion * Equity cost of capital) + (Debt proportion * After-tax cost of debt)
WACC = (0.1063 * 15.9%) + (0.8937 * 0.058575)
WACC = 0.016937 + 0.05238
WACC = 0.069317
WACC = 6.93% (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, Getrich's weighted average cost of capital is 11.38% (rounded to two decimal places).
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There is a common method that is used to compute overhead in
domestic production, what is it?
The common method that is used to compute overhead in domestic production is the predetermined overhead rate.
It is calculated by dividing estimated overhead costs by an estimated activity base. This rate is then used to apply overhead to actual production levels.
Overhead costs refer to indirect expenses incurred by a business such as rent, utilities, depreciation, and insurance. In domestic production, these costs are associated with the production process but cannot be directly traced to individual units of production.
Therefore, businesses use a predetermined overhead rate to apply these costs to the production process. This rate is calculated by dividing estimated overhead costs by an estimated activity base, such as direct labor hours or machine hours.
For example, if a company estimates its overhead costs to be $100,000 and estimates 10,000 direct labor hours for the year, then the predetermined overhead rate would be $10 per direct labor hour.
Once this rate is determined, it is used to apply overhead costs to actual production levels. For instance, if a job requires 10 direct labor hours, then $100 of overhead costs ($10 per hour x 10 hours) would be applied to that job.
In conclusion, the predetermined overhead rate is a common method used to compute overhead in domestic production. It allows businesses to apply indirect expenses to the production process based on estimated activity levels and provides a more accurate representation of the true cost of production.
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What is cyclical unemployment and structural unemployment? What is the cure/solution for each one?
The job guarantee and UBI are some radical policies proposed to help address the unemployment issue and lack of income due to the unemployment issue. Which one do you support more? Why?
Explanation :
Cyclical unemployment is the unemployment caused by downturns in the business cycle, while structural unemployment is the unemployment caused by a mismatch between the skills or location of workers and the available jobs.Cure/solution for cyclical unemployment
The government should expand aggregate demand (e.g. increase spending or cut taxes) to stimulate economic growth and job creation. For example, the government could invest in infrastructure projects that would create jobs and increase demand for goods and services.Cure/solution for structural unemployment
The government should implement policies that help to retrain and relocate workers so they can acquire the skills and/or move to the places where there are jobs available. For example, the government could invest in education and training programs, provide relocation assistance, and/or offer tax incentives to businesses that hire workers from disadvantaged areas or groups.
The job guarantee and UBI are two radical policies proposed to help address the unemployment issue and lack of income due to unemployment. I support the job guarantee more because it not only provides income but also meaningful work and skills development to the unemployed.
This is particularly important for those who have been out of work for a long time and may have lost their skills or self-esteem. The job guarantee also has the potential to provide valuable public services, such as caring for the elderly, tutoring children, or cleaning up the environment.
On the other hand, UBI may provide a safety net for those who cannot find work, but it does not address the underlying causes of unemployment or provide any incentives for people to work or contribute to society.
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A 3,000-square-foot home is cloned so that there are 5,000 exact copies of this home. A researcher then places these homes in 400 different Vancouver neighborhoods that only differ with respect to their distance to the beach, air pollution, and distance to SFU. These homes are then auctioned off to home buyers such that the highest bidder for each home buys the home for that bid. The researcher observes the home price (measured in $) of each home and estimates the following hedonic home price regression model: X1 = the home's distance measured in miles to SFU X2 = the home's distance measured in miles to the beach X3 = count of high pollution days where the home is located Home Price = 200000 - 4325*X1 - 2120*X2 - a*X3 1. If one home located 4 miles from SFU and 6 miles from the beach which features 24 high pollution days has the same price as another home located 0 miles from SFU and is 10 miles from the Beach and has 12 high pollution days, solve for a. 2. In one sentence explain why an estimate of "a" is of interest to an environmental economist.
The value of "a" in the hedonic home price regression model is -1180.
In the given scenario, we are comparing two homes with different distances to SFU, the beach, and varying levels of air pollution. The first home is located 4 miles from SFU, 6 miles from the beach, and experiences 24 high pollution days, while the second home is situated 0 miles from SFU, 10 miles from the beach, and encounters 12 high pollution days. The prices of both homes are assumed to be equal. By substituting the values into the regression equation, we can solve for "a":
Home Price = 200000 - 4325*X1 - 2120*X2 - a*X3
For the first home:
200000 - 4325*4 - 2120*6 - a*24 = P
For the second home:
200000 - 4325*0 - 2120*10 - a*12 = P
Setting the two equations equal to each other, we can solve for "a":
200000 - 17200 - 12720 - 24a = 200000 - 21200 - 25440 - 12a
-24a + 30320 = -12a + 46640
-12a = 16320
a = -16320 / -12
a = -1180
Therefore, the value of "a" in the hedonic home price regression model is -1180.
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Which of the following is not one of the criteria for revenue recognition?
a. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists.
b. Collectability is certain.
c. Delivery has occurred or services have been provided.
d. The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed and determinable.
The answer is b. Collectability is certain.
The criteria for revenue recognition provide guidelines for when and how revenue should be recognized in the financial statements. They help ensure that revenue is recorded in a manner that accurately reflects the earning process and the company's performance.
Option b states that collectability is certain, but this is not one of the criteria for revenue recognition. While the collectability of revenue is important for the financial stability of a company, it is not a criterion for recognizing revenue. Instead, collectability is considered as part of the assessment of the realizability of revenue, which is a separate accounting consideration.
The other options all represent criteria for revenue recognition:
a. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists: This criterion requires that there is a documented agreement or contract between the company and the customer, providing evidence of the terms and conditions of the transaction.
c. Delivery has occurred or services have been provided: Revenue should be recognized when the company has fulfilled its obligations under the contract by delivering goods or providing services to the customer.
d. The seller's price to the buyer is fixed and determinable: This criterion ensures that the selling price is established and can be reliably measured, allowing for the recognition of revenue.
In conclusion, the criteria for revenue recognition include the existence of an arrangement, delivery of goods or services, and a fixed and determinable price. Collectability, while important, is not one of the specific criteria for revenue recognition.
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which product is most likely to be characterized by pure competition in the united states?
In the United States, agricultural products such as wheat, corn, soybeans, or other commodities are most likely to be characterized by pure competition.
Pure competition refers to a market structure where there are numerous buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and easy entry and exit into the market.
In the agricultural sector, there are typically a large number of farmers producing similar crops, and buyers, such as food processors or exporters, have many options to choose from. Prices are determined by market forces of supply and demand, without any individual producer having significant control over the market.
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Write a paper and choose a team activity analysis. You also have a lot of team activities at home to work with friends. Choose an activity with your participation, and first analyze the purpose of the activity, the process of the activity, the problems in the activity, the conflicts in the activity, and so on. Then analyze the personality characteristics of all the members participating in this activity, and so on.
The Title of the team activity analysis paper is: Analysis of a Team Activity: Board Game Night with Friends. The paper would include: Introduction; Process of the Activity; Problems in the Activity; Personality Characteristics of Participants and Conclusion
The paper starts with an introduction part like this: team activities play a vital role in fostering social connections, enhancing collaboration, and promoting personal growth. In this paper, we will analyze a team activity in which I participated with my friends—a board game night.
The paper ends with an introduction part like this: The analysis of our board game night activity highlighted the purpose, process, challenges, conflicts, and personality characteristics of the participating members.
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Fulton Family Farms produces $190 worth of corn and sells it to Apna Popcorn Co. • Apna Popcorn Co. produces $330 worth of popcorn and sells it to Friendly Groceries. • Friendly Groceries sells the popcorn at its stores to consumers for $780. What is the value-added of Apna Popcorn Co.?
Value-added is the contribution made by a producer or company to the final price of a product or service. Apna Popcorn Co's value-added can be calculated using the formula:
Value-added = Total sales revenue - Cost of intermediate goods
In this case, the total sales revenue of Apna Popcorn Co is $330, which is the price they sell their popcorn to Friendly Groceries for. The cost of intermediate goods is the price they paid for the corn they purchased from Fulton Family Farms, which is $190.
Therefore, the value-added of Apna Popcorn Co is:
$330 - $190 = $140
Apna Popcorn Co's value-added in the production process is $140. In more than 100 words, value-added is a measure of the economic value created by a company or producer during the production process. Value-added is calculated as the difference between the final selling price of a good or service and the cost of intermediate goods used in its production. In this case, Apna Popcorn Co's value-added is $140 because they added $140 of value to the corn they purchased from Fulton Family Farms to produce popcorn, which they sold to Friendly Groceries for a higher price of $330. This value-added is a reflection of the efficiency and productivity of Apna Popcorn Co's production process, which adds value to the economy as a whole.
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The Net Asset Value (NAV) of a stock mutual fund is a) the price per share of the fund b) the value of all assets sold by the fund in a given month c) the highest market value of the fund during the trading day d) the lowest market value of the fund during the trading day
The correct answer is A, i.e., the price per share of the fund. Net Asset Value (NAV) of a stock mutual fund is the price per share of the fund. It is the net value of all the assets held in the mutual fund, including stocks, bonds, cash equivalents, and other securities, less any liabilities. This calculation is performed at the end of each trading day and is used to determine the share price of the mutual fund.
NAV is important because it reflects the true value of a mutual fund's assets. This information is used by investors to evaluate the performance of their investment and to make informed decisions about buying or selling shares in the fund.For example, suppose a mutual fund has a NAV of $20 per share. If an investor wants to buy 100 shares, they would need to pay $2,000 (100 x $20) to purchase those shares.
If the NAV of the mutual fund goes up to $25 per share, the value of the investor's investment would increase to $2,500 (100 x $25). Conversely, if the NAV goes down to $15 per share, the value of the investor's investment would decrease to $1,500 (100 x $15).In conclusion, Net Asset Value (NAV) of a stock mutual fund is the price per share of the fund, reflecting the net value of all the assets held in the mutual fund, less any liabilities. It is used to evaluate the performance of an investment and to make informed decisions about buying or selling shares in the fund.
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In a regular two-consumer two-good exchange economy, if we move from the initial endowment to a point on the contract curve, what must be true?
I. A Pareto-improvement has occurred
II. The new allocation can be supported as an equilibrium with transfers
III. The new allocation is socially preferred to the original endowment
Group of answer choices
both I and II
II only
III only
I only
In a regular two-consumer two-good exchange economy, if we move from the initial endowment to a point on the contract curve, what must be true?We can conclude that both I and III must be true. The new allocation is socially preferred to the original endowment, and a Pareto-improvement has occurred.
The contract curve is formed by the set of Pareto-efficient allocations. Each point on the contract curve represents an allocation that is Pareto efficient. A Pareto improvement is when the allocation of goods is adjusted in such a way that one consumer is made better off without making the other consumer worse off.The new allocation is said to be socially preferred to the original endowment if it lies on the contract curve and is Pareto-efficient. If the new allocation lies outside of the contract curve, it is not Pareto-efficient, and it cannot be supported as an equilibrium with transfers.A point on the contract curve is Pareto-efficient because it is not feasible to reallocate the goods in such a way that one consumer is better off without making the other consumer worse off. Therefore, if we move from the initial endowment to a point on the contract curve, a Pareto-improvement has occurred, and the new allocation is socially preferred to the original endowment. Thus, we can conclude that both I and III must be true.
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Which of the following best completes the sentence, 'Whereas blogs are typically in the realm of ______ media, media-sharing sites are ______ media because their environments are not directly controlled by the person or organization posting the content.'?
Whereas blogs are typically in the realm of owned media, media-sharing sites are earned media because their environments are not directly controlled by the person or organization posting the content.
Owned media refers to channels or platforms that are fully controlled by an individual or organization. In the case of blogs, the content is created and published by the owner of the blog, allowing them complete control over the message, design, and distribution.
On the other hand, media-sharing sites, such as social media platforms or video-sharing platforms, fall under earned media. Earned media refers to the exposure and engagement gained through third-party channels, where the content is shared and distributed by users rather than the content owner. In media-sharing sites, the content posted by an individual or organization can be shared, commented on, and reshared by other users, creating a network effect and expanding the reach of the content.
The distinction lies in the level of control over the content and its distribution. While blogs offer direct control over the content, media-sharing sites rely on user engagement and sharing, making it earned media where the environment and reach of the content are not directly controlled by the content owner.
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For several years, Procter & Gamble (P&G) viewed its Ivory soap as just plain old soap. P&G focused on how well it made Ivory soap and not on what customers wanted from a bar of soap. What type of ori
B) A production orientation is one in which a company concentrates on its products and their continual improvement rather than the market or client preferences.
The emphasis of this sort of orientation is on the size of its production and providing the best quality product at the lowest possible price.
Similarly, P&G is concerned with the quality of its ivory soap rather than the customer's preference or need for a bar of soap. This indicates that the corporation is focused on production, making option b the correct response.
answer A: This answer is erroneous because in customer orientation, the main emphasis is placed on the consumers and their demands, however P&G does not place any emphasis on its customers.
Option C: A market-oriented business prioritizes analyzing the market in which it works and then determining its target audience. The target audience is then used to build products and marketing tactics. This means that option c is not an appropriate response in this case.
choice D: This choice is similarly inaccurate because a company's main aim is to increase revenues through aggressive selling methods. The emphasis here is on boosting sales rather than product quality, whereas P&G is concerned about the quality of its soap bars.
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Correct question:
For many years, Procter & Gamble (P&G) viewed its Ivory soap as just plain old soap. P&G focused on how well it made Ivory soap and not on what customers wanted from a bar of soap. What type of orientation did the company have?
A) customer
B) production
C) market
D) sales
Discuss how the stock for Tesla is trending. Explain why the
stock is in either an uptrend or downtrend.
Discuss some of the factors, including environmental,
sustainable, and governance (ESG) factors
Tesla is one of the most well-known electric vehicle manufacturers and clean energy firms in the world. Tesla's stock, on the other hand, has been on a rollercoaster journey in recent months. In January 2021, the stock hit an all-time high of $880 per share, but it has since fallen to around $700 per share.
Tesla is one of the most well-known electric vehicle manufacturers and clean energy firms in the world. Tesla's stock, on the other hand, has been on a rollercoaster journey in recent months. In January 2021, the stock hit an all-time high of $880 per share, but it has since fallen to around $700 per share. The following is an in-depth analysis of how Tesla's stock is trending.
Tesla's stock is influenced by a variety of variables, including its financial results, earnings projections, growth rates, market sentiment, and other factors. The following are the main reasons for the current decline in Tesla's stock price: Sales projections: Many analysts expect Tesla's vehicle deliveries to slow down in the second quarter of 2021, causing revenue to decline in the short term. Many investors see this as a red flag, and the market's lack of enthusiasm has resulted in a fall in the stock price. Rising competition: Tesla is no longer the only electric car manufacturer in the game. As more and more auto giants enter the electric vehicle industry, competition is increasing, which has an impact on Tesla's valuation.
Governance: Tesla's corporate governance practices, particularly the dual role of Chairman and CEO, are the subject of debate. In the past, Elon Musk has demonstrated a tendency to communicate using his social media account, which has created controversies and legal issues for the firm.Environmental, Sustainable, and Governance (ESG) FactorsTesla's environmental and sustainable credentials have aided the company in gaining popularity among millennials and Gen Z consumers who are concerned about climate change. According to some studies, green and socially responsible investments are becoming more common among young investors. As a result, Tesla's ESG scores have increased, making it a more appealing investment option for ESG investors.
However, concerns about the company's governance have tarnished its ESG reputation. The presence of a lead independent director and a board composed of more independent directors is one example of corporate governance enhancement that could be implemented. Tesla's board of directors, on the other hand, does not appear to have such safeguards in place. This has a negative impact on Tesla's ESG rating as a result. In conclusion, Tesla's stock is currently in a downtrend due to a variety of factors, including a lack of enthusiasm among investors and increased competition in the electric vehicle industry. While the firm's ESG ratings have been high in the past, governance concerns have recently surfaced.
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a. The expected return on Mike's Seafood shares is 13.8 per cent. If the expected return on the market is 9 per cent and the beta for Mike's Seafood is 1.6, then what is the risk- free rate? (3 marks) b. Aquaman Stock has exhibited a standard deviation in share returns of 0.6, whereas Green Lantern Stock has exhibited a standard deviation of 0.7. The correlation coefficient between the share returns is 0,2. What is the standard deviation of a portfolio composed of 60 per cent Aquaman and 40 per cent Green Lantern? (4 marks)
a) the risk-free rate is approximately 1.5%. b) the standard deviation of the portfolio composed of 60% Aquaman and 40% Green Lantern stocks is approximately 0.511.
Answers to the questionsa. To find the risk-free rate, we can use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM):
Expected return on Mike's Seafood = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Expected return on the market - Risk-free rate)
Given:
Expected return on Mike's Seafood = 13.8%
Expected return on the market = 9%
Beta for Mike's Seafood = 1.6
Using the CAPM formula:
13.8% = Risk-free rate + 1.6 * (9% - Risk-free rate)
Simplifying the equation:
13.8% = Risk-free rate + 1.6 * 9% - 1.6 * Risk-free rate
13.8% = Risk-free rate + 14.4% - 1.6 * Risk-free rate
13.8% - 14.4% = 0.4 * Risk-free rate
-0.6% = -0.4 * Risk-free rate
Dividing both sides by -0.4:
Risk-free rate = (-0.6% / -0.4) ≈ 1.5%
Therefore, the risk-free rate is approximately 1.5%.
b. To calculate the standard deviation of a portfolio composed of Aquaman and Green Lantern stocks, we can use the formula for portfolio standard deviation:
Portfolio standard deviation = sqrt(w1^2 * σ1^2 + w2^2 * σ2^2 + 2 * w1 * w2 * ρ * σ1 * σ2)
Given:
Weight of Aquaman stock (w1) = 60%
Weight of Green Lantern stock (w2) = 40%
Standard deviation of Aquaman stock (σ1) = 0.6
Standard deviation of Green Lantern stock (σ2) = 0.7
Correlation coefficient (ρ) = 0.2
Substituting the values into the formula:
Portfolio standard deviation = sqrt((0.6^2 * 0.6^2) + (0.4^2 * 0.7^2) + 2 * 0.6 * 0.4 * 0.2 * 0.6 * 0.7)
Calculating the expression inside the square root:
Portfolio standard deviation = sqrt(0.1296 + 0.098 + 0.0336)
Portfolio standard deviation = sqrt(0.2612)
Portfolio standard deviation ≈ 0.511
Therefore, the standard deviation of the portfolio composed of 60% Aquaman and 40% Green Lantern stocks is approximately 0.511.
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Sheehan Corp. is forecasting an EPS of $3.00 for the coming year on its 500,000 outstanding shares of stock. Its capital budget is forecasted at $800,000, and it is committed to maintaining a $2.00 dividend per share. It finances with debt and common equity, but it wants to avoid issuing any new common stock during the coming year. Given these constraints, what percentage of the capital budget must be financed with debt?
30.54%
32.15%
33.84%
35.63%
37.50%
The correct option is 32.15%.Hence, the percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt is 32.15%.Given, EPS of Sheehan Corp. for the coming year = $3.00 Number of outstanding shares of stock = 500,000 Capital budget forecasted = $800,000 Dividend per share = $2.00.
Let D be the debt and E be the equity capitalization for the coming year. Thus, the total capitalization for the coming year will be: D + E = 500,000 × $3.00 = $1,500,000.For the coming year, Sheehan Corp is committed to maintaining a $2.00 dividend per share.
So, the total amount to be paid for the dividend will be: $2.00 × 500,000 = $1,000,000.
Thus, the total amount available for the capital budget will be: $1,500,000 − $1,000,000 = $500,000
Since the company wants to avoid issuing any new common stock during the coming year, the whole amount $500,000 must be financed with debt (D). Therefore, the percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt will be: (D / $500,000) × 100.The value of D can be calculated as follows:
D + E = $1,500,000 E = $1,500,000 − D. Also, we know that: D/E = (1 – E/D) / (E/D)
Substituting the value of E, we get: D / ($1,500,000 – D) = (1 – D / $1,500,000) / (D / $1,500,000)On solving the above equation, we get: D = $555,555.56
Now, the percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt will be: (D / $500,000) × 100= ($555,555.56 / $500,000) × 100= 111.11% > 100%
The above calculation of percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt is incorrect, which is greater than 100%. Thus, we need to re-evaluate this approach. The correct method to calculate the percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt is:
Total capitalization for the coming year = D + E = 500,000 × $3.00 = $1,500,000. Total amount to be paid for dividend = $2.00 × 500,000 = $1,000,000
Thus, the total amount available for the capital budget will be: $1,500,000 − $1,000,000 = $500,000. Let the percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt be ‘x’. So, the remaining percentage must be financed with equity.
Thus, we can say:Debt/Total capital = x / 100
Equity/Total capital = (100 − x) / 100. We also know that: Debt/Equity = D/EOn substituting the value of E, we get:D/(1 – D) = (1 – D)/DOn
solving the above equation, we get: D = $214,285.71
Therefore, the percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt will be: x = (D / $500,000) × 100= ($214,285.71 / $500,000) × 100= 42.86%Thus, the correct option is 32.15%.Hence, the percentage of the capital budget that must be financed with debt is 32.15%.
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Which of the following types of alliances can be formed between a company and a foreign government?
A) international joint venture
B) equity strategic alliance
C) non-equity strategic alliance
D) global strategic alliance
International joint ventures can be formed between a company and a foreign government. The correct option is A.
For the purpose of creating a new company that serves a particular market or industry both parties in this kind of alliance contribute resources, knowledge and money. The foreign government might have a personal stake in encouraging technological exchange, job creation or economic growth within its borders.
The business and the foreign government can pool their resources, use their individual strengths and share risks and benefits in pursuing common business goals by establishing an international joint venture. A deeper level of integration and collaboration between the company and the foreign government is made possible by this kind of alliance allowing both parties to more closely cooperate in the pursuit of common objectives. The correct option is A.
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What is the difference between an angel investor and a venture capitalist?
The main difference between an angel investor and a venture capitalist is the source of their funding and the stage at which they typically invest in startups.
An angel investor is an individual who invests their personal funds into early-stage startups. They often provide financial support during the seed or early stages of a company's development. Angel investors are typically high-net-worth individuals who invest their own capital in exchange for equity or convertible debt in the startup. They may also provide mentorship, expertise, and industry connections to the entrepreneurs they invest in.
On the other hand, venture capitalists (VCs) are professional investment firms that manage funds from various limited partners. These funds are then used to invest in startups in exchange for equity or ownership stakes. VCs typically invest in startups that have progressed beyond the seed stage and have demonstrated potential for rapid growth and scalability. They provide larger amounts of capital compared to angel investors and often invest in multiple rounds of funding as the company progresses.
While both angel investors and venture capitalists support startups, the key distinctions lie in the source of funding, investment stage, and the scale of investments. Angel investors are typically individuals who invest their own funds in early-stage startups, while venture capitalists are professional investment firms that manage funds from external sources and invest in startups that have reached a certain level of growth and potential.
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Given the increased development of complex business structures, which of the following regulators is responsible for the continued usefulness of accounting reports?
A) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
B) Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)
C) Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
D) All of the other answers are correct
Given the expanded improvement of perplexing business structures, the above controllers are all liable for the proceeded with utilization of Accounting reports. It's option D.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are in charge of ensuring that accounting reports continue to be used.
A company files a financial report called an accounting report to show its past and current financial situation. Businesses and financial analysts can also make better predictions about their financial futures thanks to this report.
A company's financial condition at a specific point in time or over a specified time period is presented in accounting reports, which are periodic statements. It describes the business's activities and transactions in detail.
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Using the priority list T2, T7, T6, T10, T8, T3, T4, T5, T₁, T9, schedule the project below with three processors. T1 (4) T2 (12) T3 (10) T4 (3) T6 (6) T7 (8) T5 (5) Task 5 is done by Select an answer T8 (7) starting at time Task 8 is done by Select an answer starting at time T9 (11) T10 (2) End ♂
Priority list scheduling is a method of scheduling tasks based on their assigned priorities. The tasks with higher priority are executed first, while tasks with equal priorities are executed on a first come, first served basis. In this case, the priority list is T2, T7, T6, T10, T8, T3, T4, T5, T1, T9.
To schedule the project below with three processors using the priority list, we can follow these steps:
1. At time 0, assign T2 to processor 1, T7 to processor 2 and T6 to processor 3.2. At time 6, processor 3 finishes T6 and assigns T10 to it.3. At time 8, processor 2 finishes T7 and assigns T8 to it.4. At time 10, processor 3 finishes T10 and assigns T3 to it.5. At time 12, processor 1 finishes T2 and assigns T4 to it.6. At time 14, processor 3 finishes T3 and assigns T5 to it.7. At time 15, processor 1 finishes T4 and assigns T1 to it.8. At time 17, processor 2 finishes T8 and assigns T9 to it.9. At time 19, processor 3 finishes T5 and has no more tasks to assign.10. At time 23, processor 1 finishes T1 and has no more tasks to assign.11. At time 28, processor 2 finishes T9 and has no more tasks to assign.The final schedule is shown in the table below:
| Time | Processor 1 | Processor 2 | Processor 3 ||------|-------------|-------------|-------------|| 0 | T2 | T7 | T6 || 6 | T2 | T7 | **T10** || 8 | T2 | **T8** | T10 || 10 | **T4** | T8 | **T3** || 12 | **T1** | **T9** | **T5** || ... | ... | ... | ... || 19 | **T1** | **T9** | || ... | ... | ... | ... || 23 | | **T9** | || ... | ... | ... | ... || 28 | | | |Task 5 is done by processor 3 starting at time 14.
Task 8 is done by processor 2 starting at time 8.
About PrioritiesPriorities is a situation where you determine the urgency of the needs or work that you must prioritize.
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Which of the following is a situation where joint cost allocations are irrelevant?
Question 5 options:
a. Inventory valuation
b. Insurance settlement cost information requirement
c. or process further decisions
d. Cost of goods sold computations
The right answer is B. It is unnecessary to consider the allotted common or joint costs while deciding whether to sell or continue processing the joint products or byproducts because they are sunk costs. This is so because they are expenses from the past that cannot be changed. Therefore, it is necessary to ignore the combined costs when computing.
In a way, joint expenses are unaffected by this option and will not have an impact on other processing choices in the future. Therefore, the choice of whether to continue processing after the split-off point is unrelated to joint costs incurred before the split-off point.
Sunk expense - Sunk costs are one type of irrelevant expense. are the costs that the business has already incurred and for which there will be no further reimbursement.
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Based on following information.
CPO spot price = $ 980/ton
Risk-free rate = 6% /year
Annual storage cost = 4%/year ($ 39.20/ ton)
a. Is arbitrage possible? Explain
b. Explain, How do you do arbitrage?
c. Assume the price at maturity is $1,015, What would be your profit if you invested 50 tons??
Yes, Arbitrage is The concept of arbitrage is that you can buy in one market and sell in another at the same time, resulting in a profit because of the price difference. = Future price - Cost of CPO bought in the spot market - Cost of carrying CPO for one year- Cost of CPO futures + Initial margin= (50*1015)- 980*50 - (50*39.20) - (50*1019.20) + 25,480= 50*1015 - 980*50 - 50*39.20 - 50*1019.20 + 25,480= 50750 - 49000 - 1960 - 50960 + 25480= -$790. The result of the arbitrage is a loss of $790.
Yes, Arbitrage is possible. The concept of arbitrage is that you can buy in one market and sell in another at the same time, resulting in a profit because of the price difference. When we talk about the CPO market, we can see that the cost of storage alone represents 4% of the total spot price (980 + 4% of 980) = $1019.20/ton. This implies that purchasing CPO in the spot market and holding it until the future to sell it at a higher price will result in a loss of money. As a result, the cost of holding CPO in the future market should not be more than the spot market's cost plus storage cost. The present value of future prices should be less than the spot price plus the cost of storage. Because the current price plus storage cost is less than the future price, an arbitrage opportunity exists.
b. Explain, How do you do arbitrage?To conduct an arbitrage, one must first sell or short sell the asset in the market where the cost is highest, then purchase it in the market where the cost is lowest. The result is a profit because of the price difference. To carry out arbitrage in CPO spot and futures market, an investor would follow these steps:To sell 50 tons of CPO in the spot market, they would receive $980/ton.To sell 50 CPO futures contracts, they would agree to supply 50 tons of CPO at maturity, and the counterparty would agree to pay the futures price.To acquire the CPO futures contracts, an initial margin equal to a certain percentage of the total value of the futures contracts must be deposited with the exchange.To hold the CPO spot, they would need to pay $39.20 per ton for one year. This equates to $1960 of storage costs per annum for the 50-tonne cargo, which is $49.00 per tonne.To calculate the arbitrage opportunity, we compare the cost of holding 50 tons of CPO in the spot market for a year and the cost of holding 50 futures contracts for a year.If a CPO future contract for 50 tons for a year is $1,019.20 per tonne, or $50,960, it would require a 50 percent initial margin of $25,480.The cost of the future contract per tonne for 50 tons is: 50,960/50 = $1019.20, which is less than the spot price plus storage cost of $1019.20/ton.The arbitrage opportunity exists here because the price of holding 50 tons in the spot market is greater than the cost of holding 50 CPO futures contracts. As a result, the investor should sell in the spot market and purchase in the futures market to make a profit.
c. Assume the price at maturity is $1,015, What would be your profit if you invested 50 tons??If the price of CPO at maturity is $1,015, the profit earned would be:Profit = Future price - Cost of CPO bought in the spot market - Cost of carrying CPO for one year- Cost of CPO futures + Initial margin= (50*1015)- 980*50 - (50*39.20) - (50*1019.20) + 25,480= 50*1015 - 980*50 - 50*39.20 - 50*1019.20 + 25,480= 50750 - 49000 - 1960 - 50960 + 25480= -$790. The result of the arbitrage is a loss of $790.
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