Purchase Requisition: This paper is used at the beginning of buying things. This is made by the department or person in the organization who needs the basic materials, parts, or replacements.
What is Purchasing processThe purchase requisition is a document that has information about the things we want to buy. It includes details like what the things are, how many we need, what they should be like, and when we need them. This is a formal request for the purchasing department to start buying things.
b) Asking for a price: After we get the request to buy something, we send messages to possible sellers asking how much it will cost. The RFQ document explains what items are needed, how many are needed, what is the expected quality, when and how the items should be delivered, and any other important details.
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Using the readings for this unit as a guide, discuss what you see as the role of ethics as it pertains to management and managers. Does management, in your view, help shape the values and ethics of an organization? What about an organization’s sustainability efforts and commitment? On whom does the responsibility to consider sustainability fall? Is employee behavior, ethical or not, a by-product of the organization's ethical climate? What ideally is the manager's role in helping to create and maintain organizational integrity?
Managers must be committed to making decisions in accordance with core values such as honesty, integrity, respect for others, taking responsibility for their actions and being accountable for them. To be an effective, ethical leader, managers must learn how to spot ethical issues in their organization.
Social responsibility is a business's duty to make ethical decisions that positively impact society. Organizations need to consider how their actions affect communities to create long-lasting trusting relationships. In order to be socially responsible, companies must strictly follow their codes of ethics.
What’s the best way to find the load capacity of a crane?
The load capacity of a crane can be found by checking the load chart, calculating the effective load, calculating the capacity at the working radius, and checking the stability of the crane.
The load capacity of a crane refers to the maximum weight that it can lift and transport safely without any damage to the crane. The maximum load capacity of a crane is determined by its design and other specifications. The best way to find the load capacity of a crane is by checking the manufacturer's load charts and calculating the effective load that the crane can lift in various positions and operating conditions. Below are the steps to find the load capacity of a crane.
Step 1: Check the load chartThe load chart provides information about the crane's capacity in various conditions and configurations. It shows the maximum weight that can be lifted at different radii and boom lengths. The load chart also indicates the crane's stability in different positions. The load chart should be specific to the crane's model, and it should be available from the manufacturer or the crane supplier.
Step 2: Calculate the effective loadThe effective load is the weight of the load plus any rigging gear, such as slings, shackles, and hooks. The effective load should be calculated for every lift to ensure that the crane is not overloaded. The effective load is calculated by adding the weight of the load to the weight of the rigging gear. The weight of the rigging gear should be included in the load chart or specified by the manufacturer.
Step 3: Calculate the capacity at the working radiusThe working radius is the distance from the center of rotation of the crane to the center of gravity of the load. The capacity of the crane is affected by the working radius. The closer the load is to the crane, the higher the capacity. The capacity at the working radius is calculated by multiplying the effective load by the load radius factor, which is provided in the load chart. The load radius factor takes into account the boom length, the angle of the boom, and the crane's capacity. It varies for different radii and boom lengths.
Step 4: Check the stability of the craneThe stability of the crane should be checked to ensure that it can lift the load safely without tipping over. The crane's stability depends on the configuration, the location of the load, and the position of the crane. The load chart provides information about the crane's stability in different positions and configurations. If the crane is unstable, the load should be repositioned or a more stable crane should be used.
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A corporation is proposing to select 2 of its current regional managers as vice presidents. In the history of the company, there has never been a female vice president. The corporation has 6 male regional managers and 4 female regional managers. Make the assumption that the 10 regional managers are equally qualified and hence all possible groups of 2 managers should have the same chance of being selected as the vice presidents. Now find the probability that both vice presidents are male
The probability that both vice presidents are male is approximately 0.333 or 33.3%.
To calculate the probability that both vice presidents are male, we need to determine the number of possible combinations where two male regional managers are selected as vice presidents, and then divide it by the total number of possible combinations from the pool of 10 regional managers.
The total number of combinations of selecting 2 managers from a pool of 10 can be calculated using the binomial coefficient formula:
C(10, 2) = 10! / (2!(10-2)!) = 45
Out of the 10 regional managers, 6 are male. Therefore, the number of combinations of selecting 2 male regional managers from the pool of 6 is given by:
C(6, 2) = 6! / (2!(6-2)!) = 15
Thus, the probability that both vice presidents are male is given by:
P(both male) = C(6, 2) / C(10, 2) = 15 / 45 = 1/3 ≈ 0.333
Therefore, the probability that both vice presidents are male is approximately 0.333, or 33.3%.
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consumers use expanded decisions when purchasing?
Answer:
Consumers use expanded decisions when purchasing high-priced, complex, or unfamiliar products. Expanded decision-making involves a high level of involvement by the consumer, who engages in extensive information search, evaluation of alternatives, and consideration of the consequences of the decision. This type of decision-making is often used for products that are expensive, have a high degree of risk, or are infrequently purchased. For example, a consumer might use expanded decision-making when purchasing a car, a home, or a college education. In contrast, for products that are low-priced, frequently purchased, or have low risk, consumers often use limited decision-making or routine decision-making.
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i. USING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ILLUSTRATE THE difference OT THE RELATIONSHIP between the dependent variable and the independent variable AND ANTECEDENT variable? 10MKS
ii. DISCUSS ethical CONSIDERATIONS THAT should be considered when conducting a research? 10MKS
iii. Validity and reliability reflect the quality of the research design and its administration. Human error enters at all steps of the measurement process. State and explain the Types of Errors That Affect Validity and Reliability (5 marks)
iv. Discuss the THREE and their procedure used to assess reliability OF A STUDY 5mks
i. In a conceptual framework, the independent variable (IV) affects the dependent variable (DV) through manipulation or control.
ii. Ethical considerations in research involve informed consent, confidentiality, minimizing harm, and voluntary participation to protect participants' rights.
iii. Random errors are unpredictable, systematic errors are consistent, and measurement errors stem from inaccuracies, impacting validity and reliability.
iv. Reliability can be assessed through test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, and examining item interrelatedness with techniques like Cronbach's alpha.
i. The relationship between the dependent variable (DV) and the independent variable (IV) in a conceptual framework is that the IV is believed to have an effect on the DV. The IV is manipulated or controlled by the researcher to observe its impact on the DV.
On the other hand, an antecedent variable is a variable that precedes both the IV and the DV. It is a factor or condition that influences or affects the IV, which in turn affects the DV. Antecedent variables are important to consider as they can confound or mediate the relationship between the IV and the DV.
ii. Ethical considerations are essential when conducting research to ensure the rights, well-being, and privacy of research participants. Some key ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity, minimizing harm and risk, and ensuring voluntary participation.
iii. Types of errors that affect validity and reliability in research include:
Random errors: These are unpredictable and occur due to chance fluctuations. They can arise from human error, equipment malfunction, or environmental factors. Random errors affect both validity and reliability.
Systematic errors: These errors occur consistently and are not due to chance. They can result from biases in measurement or sampling procedures, instrument calibration issues, or faulty data collection techniques. Systematic errors can compromise the validity of the results.
Measurement errors: These errors occur due to inaccuracies in the measurement process. They can result from instrument limitations, inadequate training of observers, or respondent biases. Measurement errors can impact both validity and reliability.
iv. Three procedures used to assess the reliability of a study are:
Test-Retest Reliability: This assesses the consistency of results over time. The same test or measure is administered to a group of participants twice, with a time gap in between. The degree of correlation between the two sets of scores determines the test-retest reliability.
Internal Consistency Reliability: This evaluates the consistency of results within a single measurement instrument. It is typically measured using techniques such as Cronbach's alpha, which examines the interrelatedness of items within a scale or questionnaire.
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Q1: What are the strategically relevant components of the pizza
restaurant segment of the U.S. quick service restaurant industry
macro-environment?
The strategically relevant components of the pizza restaurant segment of the U.S. quick service restaurant industry macro-environment are as follows:
Technological advancements: In recent years, the pizza industry has seen technological advancements, including the ability to place online orders, which can result in increased customer convenience. Many pizza restaurants have mobile apps that customers can use to order food, making it easier to use their services. Online advertising has also been used by pizza restaurants to reach new customers.
Environmental factors: Pizza restaurants need to consider the effect of weather changes on sales. Extreme weather events can affect sales as people tend to avoid ordering food when they cannot go out of their homes. Pizza restaurant owners need to evaluate how they will deal with such instances.
Demographic factors: Demographics play a crucial role in the success of pizza restaurants. The pizza restaurant industry targets a broad range of customers and has a significant customer base among younger customers. In recent years, there has been an increase in health-conscious customers, leading to changes in the pizza industry, including the addition of new healthy menu items.
Socio-Cultural factors: The pizza industry has experienced increased competition from new entrants such as gourmet pizza restaurants. The preference of customers for the type of pizza and the eating experience has also changed. People prefer pizzas that are customized to their taste buds, including the type of crust and toppings.
Political/Legal factors: Pizza restaurants need to comply with government regulations such as health and safety standards, as well as taxes. The pizza industry is also affected by regulations on labor practices and food labeling requirements.
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