17. HAZWOPER training and certification recognizes:
a. A large number (as much as 80%) will self-present or be self-referred victims
b. Awareness level training will promote proper initial triage actions
c.
Victims will use any entrance they can enter at the hospital, in addition to the
emergency department entrance
d. Both A and C

The empirical formula of polyethylene can be determined by converting the given percentages of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) into grams. To find the grams of each element, we assume a 100.0 g sample of polyethylene.

For carbon:

Mass of carbon = 86.0% × 100.0 g = 86.0 g

For hydrogen:

Mass of hydrogen = 14.0% × 100.0 g = 14.0 g

Therefore, in a 100.0 g sample of polyethylene, there are 86.0 grams of carbon and 14.0 grams of hydrogen.

The empirical formula of a compound represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms present in the compound. To determine the empirical formula, we need to find the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in terms of moles.

First, we convert the masses of carbon and hydrogen into moles using their respective molar masses. The molar mass of carbon is approximately 12.01 g/mol, and the molar mass of hydrogen is approximately 1.008 g/mol.

Number of moles of carbon = 86.0 g / 12.01 g/mol ≈ 7.162 mol

Number of moles of hydrogen = 14.0 g / 1.008 g/mol ≈ 13.89 mol

Next, we divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles to get a simplified ratio.

Carbon: Hydrogen ≈ 7.162 mol : 13.89 mol ≈ 1 : 1.939

Since we want to express the ratio in whole numbers, we multiply both sides by 2 to get a whole number ratio.

Carbon: Hydrogen ≈ 2 : 3.878

Rounding to the nearest whole number, we find that the empirical formula of polyethylene is CH₂.

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The mass of the solid aluminum that forms are 192.73 grams

To determine the mass of solid aluminum that forms, we need to use stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and aluminum nitrate.

The balanced chemical equation is:

3 Mg + 2 Al([tex]NO_{3}[/tex])3 → 3 Mg([tex]NO_{3}[/tex])2 + 2 Al

The equation shows that 3 moles of magnesium react with 2 moles of aluminum to produce 2 moles of aluminum nitrate.

To calculate the mass of solid aluminum, we need to know the amount of magnesium used. Given that the volume of the magnesium is 150.0 mL and its density is 1.738 g/cm³, we can calculate the mass of magnesium using the formula:

Mass = Volume × Density

Mass of magnesium = 150.0 mL × 1.738 g/cm³ = 260.7 g

Now, using the molar mass of magnesium (24.31 g/mol) and the molar ratio from the balanced equation, we can determine the moles of magnesium used:

Moles of magnesium = Mass of magnesium / Molar mass of magnesium

= 260.7 g / 24.31 g/mol

= 10.72 mol

According to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, the ratio of moles of magnesium to moles of aluminum is 3:2. Therefore, the moles of aluminum formed will be:

Moles of aluminum = (2/3) × Moles of magnesium

= (2/3) × 10.72 mol

= 7.15 mol

Finally, we can calculate the mass of solid aluminum using its molar mass (26.98 g/mol):

Mass of aluminum = Moles of aluminum × Molar mass of aluminum

= 7.15 mol × 26.98 g/mol

= 192.73 g

Therefore, the mass of the solid aluminum that forms is approximately 192.73 grams.

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The number of moles of carbon (C) in the sample can be determined using its molar mass. The molar mass of carbon is approximately 12.01 g/mol. To calculate the number of moles, we divide the mass of carbon in the sample by its molar mass. In this case, the sample contains 7.90 grams of carbon. Therefore, the number of moles of carbon in the sample is:

7.90 g C / 12.01 g/mol = 0.657 mol C

The molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. In this case, the molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol. By dividing the mass of carbon in the sample (7.90 g) by its molar mass, we can calculate the number of moles. This calculation is done because moles are a convenient unit for comparing different elements and compounds in chemical reactions. \The result of 0.657 moles of carbon indicates that there are 0.657 times Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) of carbon atoms in the sample. This information is useful for determining the empirical formula, which represents the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound. To calculate the empirical formula, we would also need to determine the number of moles of sulfur (S) in the sample and find the ratio of the two elements.

In summary, there are approximately 0.657 moles of carbon in the given sample.

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