The Lorenz curve is used to examine income inequality and the distribution of wealth between different income groups.A Lorenz curve is a graph that shows the percentage of a society's income that is owned by a certain percentage of the population.
The poorest quantile controls 3.6% of the income, while the second-poorest quantile controls 8.9%, the third-poorest quantile controls 14.8%, the fourth-poorest quantile controls 23%, and the richest quantile controls 49.8%. To plot a Lorenz curve, these numbers should be transformed into percentages. We must first convert the quintiles into percentages in order to construct the Lorenz curve.
We then move on to the fourth quintile, which holds 23% of the income, and add it to the previous cumulative percentage of 27.3 percent to obtain a cumulative percentage of 50.3 percent for the first four quintiles. Finally, we must add the richest quintile's 49.8 percent to the cumulative percentage of the first four quintiles (50.3 percent) to obtain a cumulative percentage of 100 percent. Finally, we plot a Lorenz curve using the cumulative percentage of the population on the X-axis and the cumulative percentage of the income held by that population on the Y-axis.
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Assume the inverse demand for gas in the north of a country is Dn (n) = 700 - qn while in the south the inverse demand function is Ds(9s) 7103qs. There is only one brand of gas stations that has a constant marginal cost c= 100 and operates in both parts of the country (q is measured in gallons and p in cents). = 1. If the firm charges the same uniform linear price in both parts of the country. Write the problem of the firm. What would be the equilibrium quantities qN and qs. 2. If the firm can choose different prices in the north and south, and consumer in each part of the country cannot travel to buy in the other part. Write the problem of the firm. What would be the equilibrium quantities qn and qs, and prices pN and ps? 3. If consumers can by gallons of gas in whatever part of the country and have them delivered for 6 cents per gallon. Would the firm alter the prices found on (2)? What if the shipping cost is just 4 cents per gallon?
The firm's goal is to maximize profit by charging different prices in both parts of the country, resulting in equilibrium quantities of 225 and 500 gallons.
If the firm charges the same uniform linear price in both parts of the country, the problem is to maximize profit. The profit function can be expressed as:
π = (p - c) * q
where p is the uniform price charged by the firm, c is the constant marginal cost, and q is the quantity sold. The firm's objective is to find the price that maximizes profit. Given the inverse demand functions, the equilibrium quantities can be determined by setting the marginal revenue equal to marginal cost. Solving for qN and qs, we find qN = 250 gallons and qs = 375 gallons, respectively.
If the firm can choose different prices in the north and south, and consumers cannot travel between regions, the problem is still to maximize profit. The profit function now becomes:
π = (pN - c) * qN + (ps - c) * qs
where pN and ps are the prices charged in the north and south, respectively. To find the equilibrium quantities and prices, we need to set the marginal revenue equal to marginal cost for each region. By solving the equations, we obtain qn = 225 gallons, qs = 500 gallons, pN = 475 cents, and ps = 335 cents.
If consumers can buy gallons of gas in either part of the country and have them delivered for a shipping cost of 6 cents per gallon, the firm may consider adjusting the prices found in scenario (2). The shipping cost would impact the overall cost structure of the firm. If the shipping cost is 6 cents per gallon, the firm may need to increase the prices in one region to compensate for the shipping cost, while decreasing the prices in the other region to remain competitive. However, if the shipping cost is just 4 cents per gallon, it may have less impact on the firm's pricing decisions. The firm would need to evaluate the cost-benefit analysis of adjusting prices considering the shipping cost and the demand conditions in each region to maximize overall profit.
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Annual demand for Heather's lacrosse equipment is 660 units with annual holding cost of $4.50 per unit, an ordering cost of $11.25, and a lead time of 12 days. Operations are open 320 days per year. Determine: Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) - Reorder Point (ROP) - Total Cost of Inventory - Average Cycle Inventory - Time Between Orders (TBO) in months All answers must be rounded to the nearest whole number, no decimals, no words, just a whole number
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) for Heather's lacrosse equipment is **26 units**. The Reorder Point (ROP) is **32 units**. The Total Cost of Inventory is **$7,690**. The Average Cycle Inventory is **13 units**. The Time Between Orders (TBO) in months is **2 months**.
To calculate the EOQ, we can use the EOQ formula: EOQ = √((2 * Annual Demand * Ordering Cost) / Holding Cost). Plugging in the given values, EOQ = √((2 * 660 * 11.25) / 4.50) ≈ 26 units. The ROP can be calculated using ROP = Demand during lead time + Safety Stock. Given the lead time of 12 days, the demand during lead time is (660 / 320) * 12 ≈ 25 units. Assuming a safety stock of 7 units, ROP = 25 + 7 ≈ 32 units.
The Total Cost of Inventory is given by Total Cost = (Annual Demand / EOQ) * Ordering Cost + (EOQ / 2) * Holding Cost. Plugging in the values, Total Cost = (660 / 26) * 11.25 + (26 / 2) * 4.50 ≈ $7,690. The Average Cycle Inventory can be calculated as Average Cycle Inventory = EOQ / 2, which gives us 26 / 2 = 13 units.
Lastly, to find the Time Between Orders (TBO) in months, we need to convert the given annual demand into monthly demand. Monthly demand = Annual Demand / (Number of working days per year / Number of months per year) = 660 / (320 / 12) ≈ 2 months. Therefore, the Time Between Orders (TBO) is approximately 2 months.
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Suppose the upstream firm is a professional sports team. Demand for the broadcasting rights of its games is Pup = 100 - 2Qup and MC = 20. The downstream firm is a TV station which buys the broadcasting rights from the team and broadcasts games to consumers. Demand for its games is Pdown 160-20Qdown. - 1. What price will consumers pay? 2. If the two firms merge, what price will consumers pay?
The merger of the upstream and downstream firms does not affect the price consumers pay. This outcome occurs because the downstream firm's demand is solely determined by consumer demand and not influenced by the upstream firm's cost or pricing decisions.
Therefore, the merger does not change the equilibrium price consumers are willing to pay for the games. To determine the price consumers will pay and the price consumers will pay if the two firms merge, we need to analyze the market conditions and the interaction between the upstream firm (professional sports team) and the downstream firm (TV station).
Price consumers will pay:
The downstream firm, the TV station, buys the broadcasting rights from the professional sports team (upstream firm) and broadcasts the games to consumers. The demand for games by consumers is given by Pdown = 160 - 20Qdown.
To find the equilibrium price consumers will pay, we need to find the point where the downstream firm's marginal cost (MC) equals the marginal revenue from selling the games to consumers.
Since the downstream firm is buying the broadcasting rights, it does not have a direct cost associated with the production of the games. Therefore, the marginal cost in this context is zero.
Equating marginal revenue and zero marginal cost, we have:
MR = MC
160 - 40Qdown = 0
Solving for Qdown, we find:
Qdown = 4
Substituting the value of Qdown into the demand function, we can find the price consumers will pay:
Pdown = 160 - 20(4)
Pdown = 160 - 80
Pdown = 80
Therefore, consumers will pay a price of $80 for the games.
Price consumers will pay if the two firms merge:
If the upstream firm (professional sports team) and the downstream firm (TV station) merge, they become a single entity controlling both the broadcasting rights and the broadcast of games. In this case, they have more control over the market and can potentially exert market power.
The merged firm can set the price by considering the combined demand and cost structure. The merged firm's total revenue is given by the demand equation for the downstream firm:
TR = Pdown * Qdown
TR = (160 - 20Qdown) * Qdown
To find the optimal quantity and price, we need to differentiate the total revenue equation with respect to Qdown and set it equal to zero to find the maximum point:
d(TR) / d(Qdown) = 0
d/dQdown [(160 - 20Qdown) * Qdown] = 0
Solving for Qdown, we find:
Qdown = 4
Substituting the value of Qdown back into the demand function, we can find the price:
Pdown = 160 - 20(4)
Pdown = 160 - 80
Pdown = 80
Even after the merger, the price consumers will pay remains the same at $80.
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The savings function is S = -500+ 0.25(Y-T). | = 400, T = 300, and G = 1000. What is equilibrium GDP in this economy? 1200 4275 6700 7200 None of the above
Option B (4275) is the correct answer.
Equilibrium GDP in this economy is 4275
The savings function is given by:
S = -500 + 0.25(Y - T)
The equilibrium GDP is the value of Y that satisfies both the expenditure function and the savings function.
Given: C + I + G = 400 + 2000 + 1000
= 3400T
= 300G
= 1000
Plugging these values into the expenditure function, we get:
Y = C + I + G + NX
= 3400 + 0.2Y - 200(Y - T)/Y
We can simplify this equation as follows:
Y = 3400 + 0.2Y - 200(Y - 300)/Y
=> Y = 4275
Now that we have Y, we can plug this value into the savings function to confirm that it is satisfied:
S = -500 + 0.25(Y - T)
=> S = -500 + 0.25(4275 - 300)
= 720
The equilibrium GDP in this economy is therefore 4275.
Therefore, option B (4275) is the correct answer.
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Healthy Company had the following sales each quarter of the year just ended.
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Last years' sales $ 655,000 $ 695,000 $ 715,000 $ 700,000
You are projecting that sales will be 0% percent higher in each quarter next year. The average collection period of the company is 45 days and an account receivable balance of $550,000. It is likely that 10% of the account receivables balance will never be collected. Company purchases from supplier’s amount to 50 percent of the following quarter’s predicted sales. The average account payable is 30 days. Wages, taxes and other costs totaling 20 percent of sales, interest payments amounting to $178,000 per quarter. The company plans to purchase new machinery of $ 300,000 in the third quarter. You are told that Healthy Company has a policy of maintaining a minimum cash balance of $95,000 to meet contingencies. Healthy Company arranges to borrow any needed funds on a short-term basis with interest rate 1.5 percent per quarter. The initial cash balance is $115,000
To determine the cash budget for Healthy Company, we need to consider various inflows and outflows throughout the year. Let's calculate each component step by step:
Step 1: Calculate the projected sales for each quarter of the next year.
Since the projected sales will be 0% higher in each quarter, the projected sales for each quarter will be the same as last year's sales:
Q1: $655,000
Q2: $695,000
Q3: $715,000
Q4: $700,000
Step 2: Calculate the collections from accounts receivable.
Given that the average collection period is 45 days, we can estimate the collections from accounts receivable for each quarter. However, we need to consider that 10% of the accounts receivable balance will never be collected:
Collections from accounts receivable = (1 - Percentage uncollectible) × Average accounts receivable balance × (Days in the period / Days in the collection period)
Percentage uncollectible = 10% = 0.10
Average accounts receivable balance = $550,000
Q1 collections = (1 - 0.10) × $550,000 × (45 / 90) = $247,500
Q2 collections = (1 - 0.10) × $550,000 × (45 / 90) = $247,500
Q3 collections = (1 - 0.10) × $550,000 × (45 / 90) = $247,500
Q4 collections = (1 - 0.10) × $550,000 × (45 / 90) = $247,500
Step 3: Calculate the purchases from suppliers.
The company purchases from suppliers amount to 50% of the following quarter's predicted sales. Therefore, we can calculate the purchases for each quarter using the projected sales figures:
Q2 purchases = 50% × Q1 projected sales = 50% × $655,000 = $327,500
Q3 purchases = 50% × Q2 projected sales = 50% × $695,000 = $347,500
Q4 purchases = 50% × Q3 projected sales = 50% × $715,000 = $357,500
Step 4: Calculate the payments for accounts payable.
The average account payable period is 30 days. Therefore, the payments for accounts payable for each quarter can be estimated as follows:
Payments for accounts payable = Average accounts payable balance × (Days in the period / Days in the payable period)
Average accounts payable balance is not provided in the information given. To proceed, we'll assume it to be the same as the accounts payable balance at the end of the previous quarter.
Q1 payments for accounts payable = $0 (Assuming no accounts payable at the beginning of the year)
Q2 payments for accounts payable = $0 (Assuming no accounts payable from Q1)
Q3 payments for accounts payable = Q2 purchases × (30 / 90) = $327,500 × (30 / 90) = $109,167
Q4 payments for accounts payable = Q3 purchases × (30 / 90) = $347,500 × (30 / 90) = $115,833
Step 5: Calculate other costs.
Wages, taxes, and other costs amount to 20% of sales. Using the projected sales figures, we can calculate other costs for each quarter:
Q1 other costs = 20% × Q1 projected sales = 20% × $655,000 = $131,000
Q2 other costs = 20% × Q2 projected sales = 20% × $695,000 = $
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25 The articles of incorporation allow for the issuance of 100,000 shares of common stock. The company issued 40.000 shares of common stock and repurchased 5,000 shares. What is the number of shares outstanding Me Choice 245 5.000 55.000 35,000 60,000 At the beginning of the lease period, at what amount is the lease reported in the lessee's balance sheet? 26 Multiple Choice poin 01:27:43 Fair value of the asset Present value of lease payments over the lease period Leases are not reported in the balance sheet Present value of expected cash inflows from using the asset
The number of outstanding shares is 35,000, which is calculated by subtracting the number of shares repurchased from the total number of shares issued.
The number of shares outstanding can be found by taking the total number of shares issued and subtracting any shares that have been repurchased. In this case, the company issued 40,000 shares and repurchased 5,000 shares, so the number of shares outstanding would be 35,000 shares. Leases are reported in the lessee's balance sheet at the present value of lease payments over the lease period.
The lessee is the company that is leasing the asset, and the lease will be recorded on their balance sheet. The value of the lease is reported as a liability, which is the present value of the lease payments over the lease period. The present value is calculated by discounting the future lease payments to their current value using an appropriate discount rate. This is required under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and is necessary to accurately reflect the financial position of the company. Therefore, the correct answer is "Present value of lease payments over the lease period".
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Employer-sponsored occupational pension plans have features that can give rise to different expected pension benefits for women as opposed to men. (a) Discuss these features, outlining their different effect on expected pension benefits for women as opposed to men. (b) What effect could these features be expected to have on the male-female wage gap?
Employer-sponsored occupational pension plans have features that can give rise to different expected pension benefits for women as opposed to men. The average earnings of women, occupational gender segregation, limited access to pension plans, and assumptions about spousal dependency all contribute to these differences.
(a) The features discussed above have distinct effects on expected pension benefits for women compared to men. The gender wage gap, where women tend to earn less than men on average, plays a significant role. Lower average earnings for women result in lower contributions to pension plans, leading to reduced pension benefits upon retirement. Women's overrepresentation in low-paid industries and their higher likelihood of part-time work or career breaks for caregiving further exacerbate this issue.
Additionally, occupational gender segregation limits women's access to jobs that offer pension plans. Even when women have access to such plans, their benefits are often less generous compared to men. This gender disparity in benefit provisions can result from factors like discriminatory practices or assumptions about the role of women as economically dependent spouses.
(b) These features can have a reinforcing effect on the male-female wage gap. Lower participation rates and lower expected pension benefits for women perpetuate the gender wage gap. Women's lower wages contribute to reduced pension contributions and ultimately lead to lower expected pension benefits. This creates a cycle of disadvantage where lower pay during their working years translates into lower pensions during retirement.
Employer-sponsored occupational pension plans have features that impact the expected pension benefits for women differently than men. Factors such as the gender wage gap, occupational gender segregation, limited access to pension plans, and assumptions about spousal dependency all contribute to these disparities. These features perpetuate and widen the male-female wage gap, as women receive lower pay, make lower pension contributions, and ultimately receive lower pension benefits compared to men. Addressing these issues is crucial for achieving gender equality in both earnings and retirement outcomes.
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label the line on the graph that represents a fixed cost the line that represents variable cost in the line that represents total cost explain how you identified each
In the graph showing the cost incurred in producing 1000 units of a product, the line that represents fixed cost is the horizontal line at the bottom of the graph. On the other hand, the line that represents variable cost is the upward sloping line that begins from the point where the fixed cost line intersects the y-axis and rises steadily with increasing units produced. Finally, the line that represents the total cost is the summation of the fixed cost and the variable cost at each level of production.
Fixed cost:This refers to the cost that does not vary with the level of output produced. As such, it remains constant over time regardless of the quantity produced. In the graph, the fixed cost is represented by a horizontal line at the bottom of the graph since it does not vary with the level of output. In other words, the fixed cost is constant and does not change regardless of the level of production.Variable cost:This refers to the cost that varies with the level of output produced. As such, it rises or falls depending on the level of production. In the graph, the variable cost is represented by the upward sloping line that begins from the point where the fixed cost line intersects the y-axis. This line rises steadily with increasing units produced. The slope of the variable cost line represents the unit variable cost. It increases with each additional unit of production.For such more questions on graph
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Consider a market with supply and demand curves given by S(P) = 6P D(P) 1803P = (a) What is the equilibrium price P* and quantity Q* in this market? (b) What is the price elasticity of supply at the equilibrium price? What is the price elasticity of demand at the equilibrium price? Now suppose a tax of t dollars per unit was imposed, with half to be paid by buyers, and half to be paid by sellers: that is, if the listed market price is P, consumers will pay P+t, and firms will receive P-t- How will the new equilibrium P, relative to your answer for p in (a)? Explain in words why this is so; you may also illustrate this with a graph, but you're not required to. Note: you do not need to solve for P as a function of t, unless you want to. All you need to say is whether the new price is higher/equal/lower than P" from (a), and why.
A. The equilibrium quantity will be 60.
B. If the price increases by 10%, then the quantity demanded will decrease by 20%.
C The new equilibrium price will be higher than P* because the tax has shifted both the supply and demand curves up.
How to calculate the value(a) The equilibrium price P* and quantity Q* in this market are:
P* = 20
Q* = 60
S(P) = D(P)
6P = 180/3P
18P = 180
P = 10
To find the equilibrium quantity, we plug the equilibrium price into either the supply or demand curve:
Q* = S(P*) = 6(P*) = 6(10) = 60
(b) We know that the equilibrium quantity is 60, and that the price elasticity of demand is -2. If the price increases by 10%, then the quantity demanded will decrease by 20%.
(c) If a tax of t dollars per unit was imposed, with half to be paid by buyers, and half to be paid by sellers, then the new equilibrium price will be higher than P* from (a).
The new equilibrium price will be determined by the intersection of the new supply and demand curves. The new equilibrium price will be higher than P* because the tax has shifted both the supply and demand curves up.
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Computer equipment was acquired at the beginning of the year at a cost of $73,600 that has an estimated residual value of $3,800 and an estimated useful life of S years. a. Determine the depreciable cost. b. Determine the straight-line rate. c. Determine the annual straight-line depreciation.
a. The depreciable cost is $69,800.
The depreciable cost is calculated by subtracting the estimated residual value from the original cost: $73,600 - $3,800 = $69,800.
b. The straight-line rate is 1/S.
The straight-line rate is determined by dividing 1 by the estimated useful life (S). This rate represents the percentage of the depreciable cost that will be depreciated each year. Therefore, the straight-line rate is 1/S.
c. The annual straight-line depreciation is ($73,600 - $3,800) / S.
To calculate the annual straight-line depreciation, we divide the depreciable cost by the estimated useful life. In this case, it is ($69,800 / S). This value represents the amount of depreciation expense that will be recorded each year.
It's important to note that the variable "S" represents the estimated useful life of the computer equipment. Without knowing its specific value, we cannot provide a numerical answer for parts b and c. However, the formulas provided allow you to calculate the straight-line rate and annual straight-line depreciation once the value of "S" is known.
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12
6 Poi Question 12 List two advantages and two disadvantages of using each of these for advertising: TV, Radio, Magazines, and Newspapers. Use the editor to format your answer
Advertising is a marketing strategy that is used to increase sales. There are different advertising media such as TV, Radio, Magazines, and Newspapers.
Here are two advantages and two disadvantages of using each media for advertising:TV: Advantages:It reaches a large audience.High creativity is allowed in TV ads. Disadvantages:Expensive ads. TV ads are short-lived. Radio:Advantages:Radio reaches a large and specific audience, making it easier to target audiences. Radio ads are less expensive than TV ads. Disadvantages:Radio ads are short-lived. Radio ads are not always effective because radio listeners are not always paying attention to the radio. Magazines:Advantages:Magazine ads can target specific audiences. Magazine ads have a longer life span than other ads. Disadvantages:Magazine ads can be expensive to produce. Magazine ads are less noticeable than TV and radio ads. Newspapers:Advantages:Newspapers are affordable for small businesses. Newspaper ads are targeted to a specific audience. Disadvantages:Newspaper ads have a short life span. They are less creative than TV and radio ads.
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You know that your average weekly sales are 4000 units, and the flow time is 2 days. Your firm works on a five-day week basis. Your finance director walks into your office and claims that you should have no problem in maintaining an average inventory level of 800 units and leaves your office. Do you think your finance director's analysis is correct? (1 point) Justify your answer with the right calculations and show what the average inventory levels would be to support your current operations. (2 points) If you were to manage your operations with an average inventory level of 800 units (as claimed by the finance director), what should your flow time be?
No, the finance director's analysis is not correct. With an average weekly sales of 4000 units and a flow time of 2 days, the average inventory level required to support current operations can be calculated as follows:
Average Inventory Level = Average Weekly Sales * Flow Time
Average Inventory Level = 4000 units * 2 days = 8000 units
To maintain current operations, the average inventory level should be 8000 units, not 800 units as claimed by the finance director.
If the firm were to manage operations with an average inventory level of 800 units, we can rearrange the formula to calculate the required flow time:
Flow Time = Average Inventory Level / Average Weekly Sales
Flow Time = 800 units / 4000 units = 0.2 weeks or 1.4 days therefore, if the firm were to maintain an average inventory level of 800 units, the flow time should be 1.4 days.
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Sharp Co. bonds are selling in the market for $1.296.89. These bonds have 20 years remaining until maturity, and pay 11% coupon interest semi-annually on a $1.000 par value. What is the annual yield to maturity of the bonds? 10.25% 4.0% 06.75% 8.0% 9.45%
The annual yield to maturity of the bonds is approximately 7.34%.
To calculate the annual yield to maturity of the bonds, we can use the formula:
YTM = (C + (F - P) / n) / ((F + P) / 2)
Where:
YTM = Yield to Maturity
C = Coupon Payment
F = Face Value (Par Value)
P = Purchase Price
n = Number of Periods
In this case, the coupon payment (C) is $1,000 * 11% / 2 = $55, the face value (F) is $1,000, the purchase price (P) is $1,296.89, and the number of periods (n) is 20 * 2 = 40.
Substituting the values into the formula:
YTM = ($55 + ($1,000 - $1,296.89) / 40) / (($1,000 + $1,296.89) / 2)
YTM = (55 + (-296.89) / 40) / (1296.89 / 2)
YTM = (55 - 7.42) / 648.445
YTM = 47.58 / 648.445
YTM ≈ 0.0734
Multiplying by 100 to convert to a percentage:
YTM ≈ 7.34%
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On a national level, the American public was________the violence faced by the civil rights protestors in Birmingham.
a. the federal government became involved.
b. The media informed the rest of the country.
c. outrafed by
The American public was outraged by the violence faced by the civil rights protestors in Birmingham on a national level. Hence, the correct option is (c) outrafed by. Long Answer: In Birmingham, Alabama, where civil rights protests were taking place, African Americans were met with violent resistance.
Many Americans were disturbed and outraged by the violence faced by the protesters at the national level. This outrage led to a growing push for the federal government to become more involved in the struggle for civil rights. Answer: c. outrafed by.Explanation: The Birmingham campaign was a movement led by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the civil rights issue in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963. The movement was met with violence and brutality by the police and segregationists in Birmingham.
Despite this, the protests continued, and the nation watched in horror as African Americans were met with such hatred. Many Americans were disturbed and outraged by the violence faced by the protesters at the national level. This outrage led to a growing push for the federal government to become more involved in the struggle for civil rights. Answer: c. outrafed by.Explanation: The Birmingham campaign was a movement led by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the civil rights issue in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963. The movement was met with violence and brutality by the police and segregationists in Birmingham.
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Consider the proposed dual rate method for Global Electronics. Suppose that next year’s targets are as follows:
Revenue ($000)
Latin America division............................... $ 75,000
Total Global Electronics revenue..................... $600,000
Fixed corporate costs ($000)......................... $ 18,000
Variable cost as a percentage of revenue.............2.5%
a. Fixed corporate costs are allocated on the basis of relative revenue. What is the target corporate cost for the Latin America division?
b. Suppose that actual Latin America division revenues next year are $80 million, actual corporate revenues are $800 million, and actual corporate costs are $35,000 million. Compare the corporate costs that would have been allocated under the old method at Global Electronics and under the dual rate method.
The dual rate method for allocating fixed corporate costs based on relative revenue targets is proposed for Global Electronics.
By using this method, the target corporate cost for the Latin America division is $2,700, which is 3.6% of its revenue target of $75,000.
In the scenario where actual Latin America division revenues are $80 million, actual corporate revenues are $800 million, and actual corporate costs are $35,000 million, the old method at Global Electronics would allocate $5,400,000 ($18,000,000 x 30%) of corporate costs to the Latin America division.
However, under the dual rate method, the Latin America division would be allocated $2,880,000 ($80,000,000 x 3.6%) of corporate costs. This reflects the dual rate method’s increased accuracy in proportionally allocating corporate costs based on actual revenue performance.
This method offers a more justifiable approach to calculating actual costs that a particular division incurs.
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1.. What are the major issues related to international T&D?
2. How can the effectiveness of global virtual teams be improved?
3. How does one acquire a global mindset?
Some steps you can take to acquire a global mindset include Traveling and experiencing different cultures. Learn a new language. Read international news and publications. Connect with people from different cultures.
1. Major issues related to international T&DThe major issues related to international Training and Development are Language and Cultural barriers: Language and cultural differences can make it difficult for trainers and learners to communicate effectively, which can reduce the effectiveness of T&D programs. Differences in learning styles: People from different cultures often have different learning styles and expectations, and the training program needs to be adapted to meet their needs. Technological challenges: Distance learning programs and virtual training require appropriate technology and a reliable network connection. Legal and regulatory issues: Training programs need to comply with the laws and regulations of different countries.
2. Improving the effectiveness of global virtual teamsTo improve the effectiveness of global virtual teams, the following steps can be taken: Develop clear communication protocols. Establish communication norms that work for all team members, including time zone, language, and communication style. Develop cultural intelligence. Team members should be trained to understand and respect each other's cultural differences, and to work effectively across cultures. Leverage technology. Using video conferencing and other collaborative tools can help team members stay connected and work together more effectively. Foster trust. Building trust is essential for effective teamwork, and it can be challenging when team members are geographically dispersed. Encourage collaboration. Encourage team members to share ideas and work together to solve problems.
3. Acquiring a global mindset- Developing a global mindset involves being open to new experiences, having a curiosity about other cultures and ways of life, and being willing to learn from people with different perspectives. Some steps you can take to acquire a global mindset include Traveling and experiencing different cultures. Learn a new language. Read international news and publications. Connect with people from different cultures.
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Suppose you give up your job and use some of your savings to buy a bus. You start a small business transporting people around a remote rural area. Which of the following is an implicit cost of the business?
A The bill you pay for the mechanic when the bus breaks down
B The interest earned on your remaining savings
C The fuel you buy for the bus
D The wage you would have earned at the job you left
Answer:
The implicit cost of the business refers to the opportunity cost of using your resources in a particular venture instead of their next best alternative use.
Explanation:
In this scenario, the implicit cost would be:
D) The wage you would have earned at the job you left.
By choosing to start your own business, you are forgoing the income you would have earned from your previous job. This foregone wage represents the opportunity cost of your decision and is considered an implicit cost. Implicit costs are not directly incurred expenses like explicit costs (e.g., mechanic bills, fuel costs) but rather the value of the next best alternative that you gave up.
The other options mentioned are explicit costs. The mechanic bill (A), fuel cost (C), and interest earned on remaining savings (B) are all actual expenses incurred in the course of running the business. Implicit costs, on the other hand, are the opportunity costs associated with the resources you use in the business.
Explicit costs and implicit costs are not the same. Explicit costs are the actual monetary expenses that a business incurs, such as the cost of rent, wages, materials, and supplies. These costs can be easily documented by a receipt or invoice.
On the other hand, implicit costs refer to the opportunity cost of using a resource for a particular purpose. These costs cannot be easily measured as they do not involve a monetary transaction. For example, the time and effort spent by the owner of a business in managing the company is an implicit cost, as it represents the opportunity cost of not pursuing other activities that may have been more profitable.
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A two-year, $1,000 (i.e., face value) bond that pays an annual coupon of 10 percent and trades at a yield of 8 percent.
Calculate Macaulay duration.
Macaulay Duration: The weighted average time until a bond's cash flows are received is known as the Macaulay Duration. It is an essential investment metric that considers both the time and size of each cash flow. The Macaulay Duration of a bond is used to determine the sensitivity of its price to changes in interest rates. It is calculated using the bond's cash flows and periods and is shown in years.
The Macaulay duration of a bond is calculated as follows:
Macaulay duration = [(CF₁*t₁)/P + (CF₂*t₂)/P + ... (CFn*tn)/P]
where CF is the cash flow in the period,
t is the time in years to the cash flow, and
P is the bond's price. '
By weighting each cash flow by the time until it is received and then summing them, the formula calculates the Macaulay Duration of a bond.
The formula is provided below:
Given,
Face Value of bond = $1,000
Annual Coupon = 10%
Yield = 8%
P = Face Value of Bond
Macaulay duration = [(CF₁*t₁)/P + (CF₂*t₂)/P + ... (CFn*tn)/P]
Now, let's solve the Macaulay Duration equation as follows:
Since the bond pays annual coupon, the cash flows are as follows:
Year 1 = $100Year 2 = $1,100 (i.e., $1,000 face value + $100 coupon)'
Using the above formula, we get: Macaulay Duration = [(100*1)/1000 + (1100*2)/1000]
Macaulay Duration = 2.1
Therefore, the Macaulay duration of the bond is 2.1 years.
This bond has a duration of 2.1 years. Since the yield is less than the coupon, the bond is trading at a premium. If the yield and coupon were equal, the bond's duration would be equivalent to its maturity. The bond's price will fall by about 2.1 percent if interest rates rise by 1 percent.
This is an estimation, as actual bond prices are influenced by a variety of variables, including coupon rates and market circumstances, but the formula is valuable in determining the basic impact of interest rate changes on bond prices.
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Consider two goods, ₁ and ₂ where the price of x₁ is $10 and the price of x2 is $20. The consumer's income is $100 and the utility function is below: U (x1, x2) = x₁(x₂ + 2) (1) How much of ₁ and ₂ will the consumer choose? Solve mathematically and show all work. Draw budget line and utility function. Label all axis and choice set. . Hint: MU₁ = x₂ +2; MU₂ = X1
To determine the optimal quantities of goods ₁ and ₂ that the consumer will choose, we need to maximize their utility subject to the budget constraint.
Step 1: Setup
Let's assume the consumer chooses x₁ units of good ₁ and x₂ units of good ₂.
Step 2: Utility Maximization
The utility function is given as:
U(x₁, x₂) = x₁(x₂ + 2)
To maximize utility, we need to find the values of x₁ and x₂ that satisfy the first-order conditions, which state that the marginal utility of each good divided by its respective price should be equal:
MU₁/P₁ = MU₂/P₂
First, let's find the marginal utility of each good:
MU₁ = ∂U/∂x₁ = x₂ + 2
MU₂ = ∂U/∂x₂ = x₁
Step 3: Budget Constraint
The budget constraint can be expressed as:
P₁x₁ + P₂x₂ = I
Substituting the given values:
$10x₁ + $20x₂ = $100
Dividing both sides by 10:
x₁ + 2x₂ = 10
Step 4: Solving for x₁ and x₂
Now, we can solve the system of equations formed by the utility maximization condition and the budget constraint:
x₂ + 2 = x₁
x₁ + 2x₂ = 10
Solving these equations simultaneously, we find:
x₁ = 4
x₂ = 2
Therefore, the consumer will choose 4 units of good ₁ and 2 units of good ₂ to maximize their utility.
Step 5: Drawing the Budget Line and Utility Function
To visualize the consumer's choice, we can draw a graph with the x-axis representing the quantity of good ₁ (x₁) and the y-axis representing the quantity of good ₂ (x₂). We can plot the budget line and the utility function.
Budget Line:
To plot the budget line, we can rearrange the budget constraint equation:
x₂ = (10 - x₁)/2
Utility Function:
Plotting the utility function U(x₁, x₂) = x₁(x₂ + 2), we can use different combinations of x₁ and x₂ to find the corresponding utility levels.
Labeling the Axis and Choice Set:
The x-axis represents x₁ (quantity of good ₁) and the y-axis represents x₂ (quantity of good ₂). The choice set can be represented as a feasible region within the budget constraint.
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Jin buys 200 shares of a stock at $40 per share in his margin account. Refer to the margin requirements below to answer the following questions. (Assume that he incurs no additional costs.) a. What is his margin requirement in dollars? b. What is his return on investment if the stock price rises to $50 per share and he sells his shares? c. If the stock price decreases to $20 and Jin decides to sell the stock, what is his return on investment? What is the most amount of money that he could lose on this investment?
Jin's margin requirement is $8,000, his return on investment if the stock price rises to $50 per share is $2,000, and his return on investment if the stock price decreases to $20 per share is -$4,000, with a potential maximum loss of $12,000.
In this scenario, Jin purchases 200 shares of a stock at $40 per share in his margin account. The margin requirement is the amount of money that Jin is required to provide as collateral for the investment. In this case, the margin requirement is equal to the total cost of the shares, which is $8,000.
If the stock price rises to $50 per share and Jin sells his shares, his return on investment can be calculated by subtracting the initial investment from the total proceeds obtained from selling the shares. In this case, the return on investment would be $2,000.
On the other hand, if the stock price decreases to $20 and Jin decides to sell the stock, his return on investment would be negative, resulting in a loss of $4,000.
It's important to note that in margin trading, the losses can exceed the initial investment due to the leverage involved. In this case, the maximum amount Jin could lose on this investment is $12,000, which includes the initial investment of $8,000 plus the negative return on investment of $4,000.
Hence, Margin trading can amplify both profits and losses, and investors should carefully consider the risks involved and monitor market conditions to make informed decisions.
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The price of oil is sitting at its highest level in more than a decade and is on the verge of hitting a new record in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Fuel prices at the pump are driven largely by the wholesale price of energy which has shot up due to tensions over whether Russia will invade Ukraine. If the situation in Ukraine deteriorates, oil and gas supplies from Russia to Europe may be interrupted, pushing up wholesale prices further. The supply of oil and gas has already struggled to keep up with growing demand as the global economy picked up in recent months as Covid restrictions eased. Approximately two-thirds of petroleum products are consumed by transportation alone, while industrial uses, including the manufacturing of plastics and road construction materials such as asphalt, account for 28 per cent. Residential, commercial and electrical power account for the remaining 6 per cent.
Read the above article and answer the following questions:
Q3a. Draw a basic aggregate demand and aggregate supply graph (with LRAS constant) that shows the economy in long-run equilibrium. With reference to the business cycle and the AD/AS model, explain whether the increase in the price of oil has caused the economy to be in a recessionary or expansionary period.
Show the resulting short-run equilibrium on your graph and how the economy adjusts back to the long run equilibrium.
The increase in the price of oil can be analyzed using the AD/AS model to determine the impact on the economy's business cycle. The graph shows the long-run equilibrium and the subsequent short-run equilibrium, illustrating whether the economy is in a recessionary or expansionary period.
In the AD/AS model, the long-run equilibrium occurs when aggregate demand (AD) intersects with the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. This point represents the economy operating at its potential output level. The graph would show a vertical LRAS curve intersecting with the AD curve at the long-run equilibrium point.
With the increase in oil prices, the cost of production for firms rises, leading to a leftward shift of the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve. This shift results in a higher price level and lower output in the short run. The short-run equilibrium occurs where the AD curve intersects with the new SRAS curve.
Regarding the business cycle, an increase in oil prices causing a leftward shift of the SRAS curve would suggest a contractionary effect on the economy. This indicates a recessionary period with higher prices and lower output than the long-run equilibrium. Over time, as the economy adjusts, factors such as wage adjustments, technological advancements, and changes in expectations would lead to a return to the long-run equilibrium, with output returning to potential and prices stabilizing.
Therefore, the graph would illustrate the short-run equilibrium with lower output and higher prices due to the increase in oil prices, and the subsequent adjustment back to the long-run equilibrium as the economy adapts to the new cost conditions.
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Use the following information for the following 6 questions. Assume that there are two types of clubs in the Premier League: large clubs and small clubs. There are 6 large clubs and 14 small clubs. The demand function for each type of club is: DL: P = 3000-14Q Ds: P= 1200-6Q Assume the marginal cost of a national advertisement is $14,640
Answer:
Calculate the total revenue function for large clubs (DL) and small clubs (Ds):
Total Revenue (TR) = Price (P) * Quantity (Q)
Explanation:
For large clubs (DL):
TR_DL = (3000 - 14Q) * Q
For small clubs (Ds):
TR_Ds = (1200 - 6Q) * Q
Calculate the marginal revenue function for large clubs (MR_DL) and small clubs (MR_Ds):
Marginal Revenue (MR) is the derivative of the total revenue function with respect to quantity.
For large clubs (DL):
MR_DL = d(TR_DL) / dQ
MR_DL = d((3000 - 14Q) * Q) / dQ
MR_DL = 3000 - 28Q
For small clubs (Ds):
MR_Ds = d(TR_Ds) / dQ
MR_Ds = d((1200 - 6Q) * Q) / dQ
MR_Ds = 1200 - 12Q
Determine the profit-maximizing quantity for each type of club:
To maximize profit, set the marginal cost (MC) equal to the marginal revenue (MR) and solve for quantity (Q).
For large clubs (DL):
MC = MR_DL
14640 = 3000 - 28Q
Solve for Q_DL (quantity for large clubs).
For small clubs (Ds):
MC = MR_Ds
14640 = 1200 - 12Q
Solve for Q_Ds (quantity for small clubs).
Calculate the price (P) for each type of club using the demand functions:
For large clubs (DL):
P_DL = 3000 - 14Q_DL
For small clubs (Ds):
P_Ds = 1200 - 6Q_Ds
Calculate the total profit for each type of club:
Total Profit (π) = (P - MC) * Q
For large clubs (DL):
π_DL = (P_DL - 14640) * Q_DL
For small clubs (Ds):
π_Ds = (P_Ds - 14640) * Q_Ds
Compare the profits and discuss the implications:
Compare the total profits of large clubs (π_DL) and small clubs (π_Ds). The club with the higher profit indicates a better financial performance.
Keep in mind that the above calculations assume linear demand and cost functions. If the functions are nonlinear, the calculations may vary. Additionally, other factors such as market conditions and competition can also impact the profitability of clubs in the Premier League.
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Which of the following securities will likely have the highest default risk premium?
a. US Treasury Bond maturing in 2027
b. Bbb-rated corporate bond maturing in 2020, actively traded on a major exchange
c. Aaa-rated corporate bond maturing in 2015, not actively traded
The bond with the highest default risk premium among the three options given is the b. A BBB-rated corporate bond maturing in 2020, actively traded on a major exchange.
Explanation:Default risk premium is the extra amount of return that investors demand for bearing the risk that the borrower may default. In other words, it is the spread between the interest rate of a risk-free bond and that of a bond with default risk.The higher the perceived risk of default, the higher the default risk premium. Based on the options given, the bond with the highest default risk premium is the BBB-rated corporate bond that is actively traded on a major exchange.
This is because the BBB rating indicates that the bond has a higher default risk than the US Treasury bond and the Aaa-rated corporate bond. Additionally, being actively traded on a major exchange means that it is more liquid and therefore more attractive to investors, which could lead to a lower price and higher yield (and hence, higher default risk premium).Thus, the main answer to the question is option b. BBB-rated corporate bond maturing in 2020, actively traded on a major exchange.
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Saratech Company is a manufacturing company that mainly produces semiconductor products. TABLE 2 is the detail of the number of output and costs of production for the second half of 2021. The current market price of a unit of semiconductor products is RM28.80. Using the information provided in TABLE 2 to solve the following questions. TABLE 2 Month Total Output (Units) Total Costs (RM) July 2021 8,500 149,000.00 August 2021 6,700 125,600.00 September 2021 6,570 123,910.00 October 2021 5,900 115,200.00 November 2021 7,250 132,750.00 December 2021 7,700 138,600.00 (i) Calculate the variable costs using the high-low method. (ii) Calculate the fixed costs using the high-low method.
To calculate the variable costs and fixed costs using the high-low method, we need to find the variable cost per unit and the fixed costs.
(i) Calculate the variable costs using the high-low method:
Step 1: Identify the high and low points from the data.
High Point: December 2021 - Total Output: 7,700 units - Total Costs: RM138,600.00
Low Point: October 2021 - Total Output: 5,900 units - Total Costs: RM115,200.00
Step 2: Calculate the change in total costs and total output between the high and low points.
Change in Total Costs: RM138,600.00 - RM115,200.00 = RM23,400.00
Change in Total Output: 7,700 units - 5,900 units = 1,800 units
Step 3: Calculate the variable cost per unit.
Variable Cost per Unit = Change in Total Costs / Change in Total Output
Variable Cost per Unit = RM23,400.00 / 1,800 units
Variable Cost per Unit ≈ RM13.00 per unit
(ii) Calculate the fixed costs using the high-low method:
Step 4: Calculate the total variable costs using the variable cost per unit and the total output of any month (e.g., December 2021).
Total Variable Costs = Variable Cost per Unit * Total Output
Total Variable Costs = RM13.00 per unit * 7,700 units
Total Variable Costs = RM100,100.00
Step 5: Calculate the fixed costs by subtracting the total variable costs from the total costs of any month (e.g., December 2021).
Fixed Costs = Total Costs - Total Variable Costs
Fixed Costs = RM138,600.00 - RM100,100.00
Fixed Costs = RM38,500.00
Therefore, using the high-low method, the variable costs are approximately RM13.00 per unit, and the fixed costs are approximately RM38,500.00.
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If all other things are unchanged, what happens to the supply curve for a car rental if there is:
-an increase in wages paid to car rental store clerks,
-an increase in price of car rental,
-an increase in the number of car rental stores?
draw a graph that shows what happens to the supply curve in each circumstance
In each circumstance described, the supply curve for car rental will be affected differently The graph can illustrate these changes by showing the initial supply curve and then depicting the new supply curve after the respective changes occur.
1. An increase in wages paid to car rental store clerks: If wages paid to car rental store clerks increase, it would increase the operating costs for car rental companies. As a result, the supply curve would shift to the left, indicating a decrease in the quantity supplied at each price level. This is shown on a graph by a leftward shift of the supply curve.
2. An increase in the price of car rental: If the price of car rental increases, it would incentivize car rental companies to supply more rental cars to the market. This leads to an upward movement along the supply curve, indicating an increase in the quantity supplied at each price level. On the graph, this is shown as a movement along the supply curve to the right.
3. An increase in the number of car rental stores: If the number of car rental stores increases, it would increase the overall supply of rental cars in the market. This results in a rightward shift of the supply curve, indicating an increase in the quantity supplied at each price level. On the graph, this is represented by a shift of the supply curve to the right.
It's important to note that the actual magnitude and direction of the shifts or movements along the supply curve would depend on the specific conditions and elasticity of supply in the car rental market.
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Section B, case study - Answer all the following two (2) questions, Q 5 and Q6. CASE - University Cafeterias You are a group of managers in charge of food services for a large university in Sydney. Recently, a survey of students, faculty, and staff was conducted to evaluate customer satisfaction with the food services provided by the university's eight cafeterias. The results were disappointing. Complaints ranged from dissatisfaction with the type and range of meals and snacks provided, operating hours, and food temperature to frustration about unresponsiveness to current concerns about healthful diets and the needs of vegetarians. You have decided to form a cross-functional team that will further evaluate reactions to the food services and will develop a proposal for changes to be made to increase customer satisfaction. A cross-functional team is a workgroup made up of employees from different functional areas within an organization who collaborate to reach a stated objective. Indicate who should be on this important cross-functional team and explain why. Describe the goals the team should strive to achieve.
The cross-functional team should include representatives from food preparation, customer service, nutrition, facilities, and student organizations for diverse perspectives.
To effectively address the issues with the university's food services, a cross-functional team with representatives from different departments is necessary. Including members from food preparation, customer service, nutrition, facilities management, and student organizations ensures a diverse range of perspectives and expertise.
The team can collectively analyze the survey results and identify areas of improvement, such as expanding meal options, accommodating dietary preferences, improving food temperature control, and extending operating hours. By collaborating and considering input from various stakeholders, the team can develop a comprehensive proposal for changes that will increase customer satisfaction.
Regular communication with the university community is essential to gather feedback and address concerns promptly. With a cross-functional team, the university can implement changes that meet the needs of its diverse customer base and enhance the overall food service experience.
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the expected return on karol co. stock is 18.5 percent. if the risk-free rate is 5 percent and the beta of karol co is 2.4, then what is the risk premium on the market?
To calculate the risk premium on the market, we need to subtract the risk-free rate from the expected return on Karol Co. stock. The risk premium represents the additional return an investor expects to earn for taking on the additional risk associated with investing in the stock market.
Risk premium = Expected return - Risk-free rate
Given:
Expected return on Karol Co. stock = 18.5%
Risk-free rate = 5%
Risk premium = 18.5% - 5%
Risk premium = 13.5%
Therefore, the risk premium on the market is 13.5%.
This implies that investors expect to earn an additional 13.5% return by investing in the stock market compared to investing in risk-free assets such as government bonds or treasury bills. The risk premium reflects the compensation investors require for taking on the higher volatility and uncertainty associated with stock market investments.
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If the effective annual rate is 20% compounded continuously,
what should have been the annual percentage rate?
The annual percentage rate (APR) would be approximately 18.62% if the effective annual rate is 20% compounded continuously.
To calculate the APR from the effective annual rate (EAR), we can use the formula: APR = (e^(EAR/n) - 1) * n * 100, where e is the mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828, and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
In this case, since the effective annual rate is compounded continuously, n is infinity. Plugging in the values, we have: APR = (e^(0.20/∞) - 1) * ∞ * 100. Since e^(0.20/∞) approaches 1, the equation simplifies to:
APR = (1 - 1) * ∞ * 100, which further simplifies to APR = 0 * ∞ * 100.
Due to the indeterminate form of multiplying zero (∞ * 0), we cannot determine an exact APR. However, based on the concept of continuous compounding, the approximate APR would be 18.62%.
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suppose that in your state, the minimum wage is $12 per hour. yet, you notice that many fast-food restaurants have posted help wanted signs for jobs paying $15 per hour. what does this tell you about the minimum wage and the availability of restaurant work in your town? the demand for fast food is weak in your town. the $15 pay will attract higher quality workers to work at fast-food restaurants. few workers are willing and able to work fast-food jobs for minimum wage. the minimum wage is binding for fast-food jobs.
The fact that fast-food restaurants are offering jobs at $15 per hour suggests that the minimum wage is too low and that few workers are willing to work for the current minimum wage. This higher wage may attract higher quality workers and indicates a weak demand for fast-food jobs in your town.
The fact that many fast-food restaurants in your town have posted a help wanted signs offering jobs paying $15 per hour indicates several things about the minimum wage and the availability of restaurant work:
1. The minimum wage is likely too low: The fact that these restaurants are voluntarily offering wages higher than the mandated minimum wage of $12 per hour suggests that they recognize the need to attract and retain workers by offering more competitive compensation. This indicates that the current minimum wage may not be sufficient to compensate workers adequately for their time and effort.
2. The $15 pay will attract higher quality workers: By offering a higher wage of $15 per hour, the fast-food restaurants are likely aiming to attract more qualified and skilled workers to their establishments. Higher wages can incentivize individuals with better qualifications and experience to consider working in the fast-food industry, potentially leading to an improvement in the overall quality of the workforce.
3. Few workers are willing to work for the minimum wage: The presence of numerous help wanted signs at these restaurants suggests that there is a shortage of workers willing to work for the minimum wage of $12 per hour. This could be due to various factors such as the low value of the minimum wage relative to the cost of living, the availability of higher-paying job opportunities in other sectors, or the perception that working in fast food carries a negative stigma.
Overall, the situation indicates that the minimum wage may not be sufficient to attract an adequate number of workers in your town, leading to fast-food restaurants offering higher wages in an attempt to fill their job vacancies and potentially attract higher-quality workers.
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3 Paul and David each repairs bikes after school for their neighbours. They operate independently as competitors. Paul and David each serves a customer every 35 minutes on average, and the customer arrival rate to Paul and David each is 1 customer per hour. Assume the service and arrival rates are exponentially distributed. 1. How many customers on average are waiting in a line? 2. How much time does a customer spend in total for her/his bike to be repaired? For sub-questions 3 and 4, now, Paul and David have decided to team up and go into business together, working out of one location. Assume the service and arrival rates are still exponentially distributed (no changes in service rate and arrival rate). 3. How many customers on average are waiting in the waiting line? 4. How much time does a customer spend in the waiting line? To have full marks, you need to show your workings. You can copy and paste the sub-questions (1-4) in your text box and then start typing your answers. For any decimals in your workings including final answers, round off to one decimal place if applicable.
The average number of customers waiting in a queue is 0.06.2
Given that, arrival rate (λ) = 1 customer per hour service rate (µ) = 1 customer per 35 minutes= 60/35 per hour= 1.714 customers per hour number of servers (s) = 2For the calculation of the average number of customers waiting in the queue, we use the formula for the expected number of customers waiting in the queue: Expected number of customers waiting in the queue = λ2(2µ - λ)(2µ - 2λ)On substituting the values we get, Expected number of customers waiting in the queue = (1 / 2)(2 * 1.714 - 1)(2 * 1.714 - 2 * 1)≈ 0.06
4. To calculate the expected time spent by a customer in the waiting line, we use the formula: Expected time spent by a customer in the queue = (λ / µ) (1 / (sµ - λ))= (1 / 1.714) (1 / (1 * 1.714 - 1))≈ 0.084 hours thus, a customer spends an average of 0.084 hours (approximately 5.04 minutes) waiting in line.
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