Genetic variation refers to the differences in the sequance of DNA between individual organisms of a species. Recombination produces a new combination of allele by breaking down and recombining pieces of DNA. Mutation produces gene variants by altering gene activity or protein function. Crossing over increases genetic diversity that leads to creation of new combination of genes.
Cloning increases the chances of superior traits by copying the alleles which contain such DNA. It leads to erosion of diversity because there is no combination that is taking place since there is no fertilization along the process.
Answer - Cloning
Which characteristic distinguishes active transport from other forms of molecular transport?
O It only transports large amounts of substances.
O It's used to transport substances outside of a cell.
O It only transports larger molecules.
O
It requires energy in the form of
ATP.
Answer:
It requires energy in the form of ATP.
Explanation:
In active transport, the molecules move against the concentration gradient so they require energy for the process.
Active transport is different from other forms of molecular transports as it is the only transport which requires energy in the form of ATP. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Active transport?
Active transport is a type of molecular transport which requires energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) which is formed by the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Active transport requires energy as in this transport, the movement of substances takes place against the concentration gradient i.e., from the region of lower concentration of the molecule to the region of its higher concentration.
Active transport is of two types primarily which include primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport requires energy in the form of ATP while the secondary active transport requires the transport of another molecule with one molecule which facilitates the movement of molecules.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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if the 3' consensus sequence was mutated in a particular gene, what effect would you expect on the rna transcript?
The RNA transcript won't cleave correctly and won't be polyadenylated if the 3' consensus is altered. While neither capping nor splicing will be affected, the transcript will likely be unstable without polyadenylation.
What does RNA transcript do?The goal of transcription would be to create a duplicate of a gene's DNA sequence in RNA. The RNA copy, or transcripts, for a gene that produces proteins provides the information needed to make a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts must go through a variety of processing stages before even being translated into proteins.
Where is the RNA transcript?The nucleus is just where transcription happens. An RNA (mRNA) molecule is created using a DNA template. An mRNA strand that is equivalent to a DNA strand is created during transcription.
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Which division of the nervous system enables a person to move the muscles necessary to walk down the street?.
Answer:
somatic nervous
Explanation:
Your somatic nervous system is a subdivision of your peripheral nervous system, which is all of your nervous system except your brain and spinal cord. Your somatic nervous system allows you to move and control muscles throughout your body.
why are hydrogen bonds so important for living organisms
Answer:
Hydrogen bonds provide many of the critical, life-sustaining properties of water and also stabilize the structures of proteins and DNA, the building block of cells. Hydrogen bonds occur in inorganic molecules, such as water, and organic molecules, such as DNA and proteins.
genes located along the x chromosome:
Genes located along the x chromosome are called X-linked genes.
The fundamental structural and operational unit of heredity is the gene. DNA makes up genes. Some genes serve as instructions for creating molecules known as proteins. Many genes do not, however, encode proteins. Genes in humans can range in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. Humans are thought to have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes, according to the Human Genome Project, an international research endeavor that aimed to decipher the human genome's sequence and catalogue its genes.
Each gene is present in two copies, one from each parent, in every individual. Less than 1% of all genes are slightly variable from person to person, but the majority of genes are the same in all humans.
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If you were trying to determine the best antibiotic to use on an organism that had a resistance mechanism that altered how the drug was taken into the cell, which antibiotic would be the least effective?.
The least effective antibiotic to use on an organism that has a resistance mechanism altered when the drug is absorbed into the cell is chloramphenicol (Option A).
What is chloramphenicol?Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic used to kill bacteria in infection by avoiding the synthesis of protein by part of infectious bacteria. Tetracycline is also used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting the process of translation.
Moreover, trimethoprim reduces the amount of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and thus inhibits bacterial growth, while penicillin is able to inhibit g peptidoglycan production.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that chloramphenicol is able to affect bacteria through specific proteins.
Complete question:
'If you were trying to determine the best antibiotic to use on an organism that had a resistance mechanism that altered how the drug was taken into the cell, which antibiotic would be the least effective?. Choose the correct Option. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, penicillin.
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intestional gas is evidence of active_____in some animals digestive tracts
Intestional gas is evidence of active methanogens in some animals digestive tracts.
In hypoxic environments, microbes called methanogens create methane as a metabolic byproduct. They are prokaryotic and fall within the category of Archaea. The archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota contains all of the known methanogens. Methanogens are widespread in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas, and in the digestive tracts of animals like ruminants and many people, where they are in charge of the methane content of the latter's belching. Methanogenesis, commonly known as the biological generation of methane, is often limited to the lowermost strata of marine sediments where sulphates are depleted. Additionally, colonies of methanogenic archaea are crucial to the treatment of anaerobic wastewater. Others, known as extremophiles, can be discovered in habitats like hot springs and undersea hydrothermal vents.
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Bacteriophages are indicated by areas called ______ when grown in a solid medium containing host cells.
Answer: plaques is the answer
The change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors is called.
Answer:
ecological succession
Explanation:
Residents of a large, urban high-rise complex are interested in building a rooftop greenhouse. A committee has requested a feasibility study before beginning greenhouse construction. Your challenge is to design a small-scale greenhouse prototype that will maximize the rate of photosynthesis. Your proposal should recommend the minimum conditions required for light and temperature to yield the maximum rate of photosynthesis.
A minimum of 25°C to 35°C of temperature and enough sunlight is required to perform photosynthesis efficiently.
A temperature of lower than 25-35°C is not effective in killing the pathogens and also is not effective in maintaining enzyme-substrate interactions. Therefore, a minimum of 25°C to 35°C temperature is necessary for photosynthesis to occur efficiently.
Farmers can grow fruits and vegetables year-round in greenhouses thanks to irrigation and temperature control systems that are mechanically controlled. Greenhouses are permanent glass or plastic covered structures. Farmers just put their crops under the greenhouse, where the microclimate is much better suited for plant growth, just as they would in an open field, to employ a greenhouse.
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because organic farming does not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it is good for the environment. some argue, however, that organic farming isn't necessarily a good thing. why?
Answer:
organic farms require 25 to 110 percent more land in order to produce the same amount of food than conventional systems because organic yields are lower, with organic farms needing more space to grow deforestation is basically inevitable.
The constructed ellipse below is a true scale model of the orbit of a planet in our solar system. This ellipse best represents the orbit of the planet
Answer:No
Explanation: in reality the planets are so fare apart that they would nit show up on paper unless the paper was about 300 feet big
Which of the following is NOT a population of pacemaker cells in the heart? A) sinoatrial (SA) node. B) papillary muscles. C) atrioventricular (AV) node
The option that is not a population of pacemaker cells in the heart is option B) papillary muscles.
Do AV and SA nodes act as pacemakers?Yes, The upper heart chambers (atria) contract as a result of an electrical signal made by the SA (sinoatrial) node. The lower heart chambers (ventricles) then contract or pump as a result of the signal as it travels via the AV (atrioventricular) node.
Therefore, The sinus node also makes electrical impulses, which set up a healthy heart's typical rhythm and pace. Consequently, the SA node is referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker.
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What is the same about a particle, whether it is a gas, liquid or solid?
Answer: Gases, liquids, and solids are all made up of atoms, molecules, and/or ions.
Explanation:
fluoride is an inhibitor of enolase. under anaerobic conditions in a cell utilizing glucose as a substrate, which compound would you expect to accumulate following the addition of fluoride?
2-phosphoglycerate is expected to accumulate following the addition of fluoride.
The ninth phase of glycolysis uses 2-phosphoglyceric acid, also known as 2-phosphoglycerate, as its substrate. The penultimate stage in the process of turning glucose into pyruvate is catalyzed by enolase and results in phosphoenolpyruvate.
Fluoride primarily works by preventing enolase from moving along the glycolytic pathway. Fluoride significantly inhibits the enzyme when inorganic phosphate is present. The fluorophosphate ion, which when bound to magnesium forms a combination with enolase and renders the enzyme inactive, is the inhibitory species.
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The place where a particular organism lives is called its__
A. community
B. Ecosystem
C. Species
D. Habitat
HELP YALL ASAPPPPP
discuss the conclusion paragraph
Explanation:
•Your opinion
•Your feelings
At one time, scientists believed that the world's continents were static.
Today scientists have shown that continents are in constant motion.
Which statement is best supported by this discovery?
O Science is a body of knowledge based on the work of well-known scientists.
O Science is a body of knowledge that is subject to change based on data
O A theory becomes a law when there are data to support the theory
O A scientific theory is the correct answer to a problem
Science is a body of knowledge that is subject to change based on data, which is the correct statement.
What exactly is science as a body of knowledge?
Science can be thought of as both a body of knowledge of what we have already discovered and the process of acquiring new knowledge via observation and experimentation testing and hypothesizing.
Geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's ideas on static continents in 1912 because he could not explain what forces could move the continents. Almost 50 years later, Harry Hess confirmed Wegener's ideas by using evidence of seafloor spreading to explain what moved continents.
Therefore, the above theory explains why science is subject to change based on data.
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Which of the following structural features of E. coli is most responsible for the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection?
Fimbriae
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Flagella
Fimbriae in E. coli is most responsible for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTI).
The majority of UTIs are caused by E. coli, which lives in the gut and is completely safe. When germs are shed in feces, they can travel to the entrance of the urinary system and up to the bladder, where they can create difficulties. Fimbriae are long, threadlike protein polymers present on the surface of several E. coli strains. Pathogenicity is substantially connected with the presence of fimbriae, and distinct fimbriae bestow on pathogenic strains the capacity to attach to and colonize diverse specific host epithelia. Fimbriae adhere to glycoprotein or glycolipid moieties on urothelial cells, allowing the bacteria to attach and remain inside the urinary system causing UTI.
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What is the relationship between the gradient and how
close together the isolines are?
Gradient in relationship to the spacing of contours: A steep (high) gradient changes quickly and the isolines are close together. A gentle (low) gradient changes slowly and the lines are far apart.
retrotransposons choose one: a. cause lentiviral infections. b. are mutations to existing dna polymerase genes. c. are very rare and contribute less than 1% of the human genome. d. retain a reverse transcriptase and copy themselves into new genomic locations.
Retrotransposons retain a reverse transcriptase and copy themselves into new genomic locations.
About retrotransposons
All eukaryotes contain retrotransposons, while prokaryotes do not. The quantity of retrotransposons in a eukaryotic genome is clearly correlated with its size, though not always with its type. For instance, LTR-type retrotransposons make up just 3% of the little yeast genome.
A type of genetic element known as a retrotransposon copy and pastes itself into various genomic regions by reversibly transforming RNA into DNA utilizing an intermediary known as an RNA transposon.
Hence the correct answer is D; retain a reverse transcriptase and copy themselves into new genomic locations.
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If a diploid organism has somatic cells with 14 chromosomes, how many different gametes can the organism produce without recombination?.
The gametes produced by the diploid organism without recombination is 7.
How do you calculate the total number of gametes?
A specific formula 2n is used to calculate the total number of gametes produced by a particular genotype, where n= the number of heterogeneous alleles found in the genotype. The given genotype consists of two heterozygous alleles, Bb and Cc, and one homozygous allele, AA.
Each gamete has a single copy of each chromosome, and each chromosome has one allele for each gene. As a result, each allele for a given gene is packaged into a separate gamete.
Therefore, in a diploid organism with 14 chromosomes, 7 gametes can be formed without recombination.
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Can changes in the food web of an ecosystem affect humans as well as the organisms within the food web? NEED HELP FAST ASAP!!!!
Answer:
Yes it can affect humans and organisms within the food web.
Explanation:
Every animal has a role in our ecosystem, if something were to change it we would be distrupting the way the food web chain works.
In photosynthesis, light energy is(1 point)
Responses
stored as short-term energy.
stored as short-term energy.
captured as thermal energy.
captured as thermal energy.
stored as chemical energy.
stored as chemical energy.
released as usable energy.
Light energy is used as chemical energy in photosynthesis. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
What is photosynthesis ?Light energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. This chemical energy is used by plants to transform water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into organic molecules. They absorb solar energy to create oxygen and store chemical energy. Glucose stores this chemical energy.
Photosynthesis ensures that all living things in the atmosphere have access to oxygen. It regulates the quantities of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ecosystem. Fossil fuels are produced by plants. As a result of photosynthesis under the sun, energy is bound in fuel.
Therefore, option (C) is the correct answer.
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the heart has to be able to regulate its contractions. heart muscle, unlike skeletal muscle, cannot go into a tetanus. this is because
Compared to skeletal muscle fibres, cardiac muscle cell membranes have different characteristics. Because of this, heart muscle tissue is immune to tetanus (sustained contraction). Due to the inability of a heart in tetany to pump blood, this characteristic is crucial.
Why does heart muscle not get tetanus?Cardiovascular muscle has a significantly longer refractory time than skeletal muscle. As a result, tetanus is avoided, and each contraction is followed by enough time for the heart chamber to fill back up with blood before the subsequent contraction.
Tetanus toxin (also known as tetanospasmin), which is generated by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani and causes infection by contaminating wounds, is what causes the stiffness and spasms of the muscles.
Cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically and is not controlled voluntarily, which sets it apart from skeletal muscle. The heart's sinoatrial node, which functions as the pacemaker for the heart, controls the rhythmic contraction of cardiac muscle.
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the unit of measure that represents resting metabolic rate, or the energy requirement of the body at rest, is called
The unit of measure that represents resting metabolic rate, or the energy requirement of the body at rest, is called MET(metabolic equivalent).
One metabolic equivalent (MET), which is equal to 3.5 ml of oxygen per kilogram of body weight multiplied by the length of time spent sitting at rest, is one kilogram of oxygen. You're undoubtedly already aware that your body constantly expends energy, regardless of what you're doing. The muscles in your body need oxygen to help build the energy required to move.
Metabolic equivalents, or METs, are a method of calculating your body's energy expenditure. For assistance in measuring your physical activity, METs may be listed on workout equipment or referenced by personal trainers. The ratio of your working metabolic rate to your resting metabolic rate is known as a MET. The rate of energy usage per unit of time is known as the metabolic rate. It is one technique to convey how intense a workout or activity is.
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3. which complement fixation pathways can be initiated by a soluble c3 convertase?
Alternative complement fixation pathways can be initiated by a soluble c3 convertase.
Alternate Pathway C3 Convertase The C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway is designated as C3b,Bb (EC 3.4. 21.43). The C3 enzyme is in charge of membrane assault complex and C3b deposition on target cells as well as pathway activation that is amplified. The C4-C2 dimer facilitates direct binding of the activated C3 to the pathogen surface as mentioned above, or circulating C3 is spontaneously hydrolyzed and acted on by two protein and enzymes . Both of these events can result in the activation of the alternative complement pathway as a byproduct of the classic pathway. Due to their ability to cleave C3 and C5, which are responsible for the majority of complement effector actions, convertase enzymes play a crucial role in the complement cascade. C3 is broken down by C3 convertases into C3a, a chemoattractant.
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answer pls
What types of compounds are carbohydrates
Which compounds in Biochemistry contain nitrogen?
What does conservation of matter mean
Answer:
1.organic
2.Amino acids, nucleic acids, and nucleobases are key biological nitrogen compounds
3.The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed
Explanation:
What anchors and organizes all the spindle fibers at each pole of the cell
The microtubules organizes all the spindle fibres at each pole of the cell during the cell division.
What is spindle fibres and what pulls the spindle fibres to each pole during the cell division?Every time cell division occurs , meiotically what more important counts into the account is the division of genetic material.The mitosis , meiosis and nuclear division all have the division of chromosome in certain stage of cell division.The spindle fibres are the protein structures simply which is necessary for the division of genetic material.During metaphase the chromosomes assigned on the metaphase pllate split and goes to pole.The microtubules are real courier for the pulling off of dpindle fibrex.To know more about spindle fibres visit:
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If the calvin cycle were to be temporarily restricted, the highest concentration of nadph would likely be in the.
If the Calvin cycle were to be temporarily restricted, the highest concentration of NADPH would likely be in option C. stroma.
The Calvin cycle, light-impartial reactions, bio-artificial phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon discount cycle of photosynthesis is a chain of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose.
The Calvin cycle is defined because of the series of chemical reactions of plant life by way of turning or lowering carbon dioxide into glucose. it is also referred to as the C3 cycle or in any other case known as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. The C3 cycle alludes to the darkish response of photosynthesis.
The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma of a chloroplast in a plant cell. The stroma is the colorless fluid that surrounds the grana of the chloroplast, in which step one of photosynthesis takes area.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
If the Calvin cycle were to be temporarily restricted, the highest concentration of NADPH would likely be in the.
A. thylakoid membrane.
B. thylakoid space.
C. stroma.
D. chloroplast outer membrane.
