earth's first atmosphere (some 4.6 billion years ago) was probably composed of . a. hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia b. the same gas mix as seen in our present atmosphere c. nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor d. mostly argon and nitrogen
Earth's first atmosphere some 4.6 billion years ago was probably composed of hydrogen ,helium ,methane and ammonia.
Because these were the primary gases in the dusty, gassy disk around the Sun from which the planets were formed, it is likely that hydrogen and helium comprised Earth's initial atmosphere. The atmosphere and the Earth were extremely hot.
When heated, hydrogen and helium molecules move very quickly. In fact, they moved so quickly that they eventually drifted away from Earth and into space.
Scientists believe that Earth collided with a planet the size of Mars about 4.5 billion years ago. Our Moon was created as a result of this catastrophic collision, and the entire planet melted as a result of the energy from the collision.
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facilities must be provided for flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolytes when changing or recharging the battery of a powered industrial truck in order to:
Facilities shall be provided for flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte when changing or recharging the battery of a powered industrial truck in order to protect from fire.
Battery charging installations shall be located in areas designated for that purpose. Charging apparatus shall be protected from damage by trucks. When batteries are being charged, the vent caps shall be kept in place to avoid electrolyte spray. Vent caps shall be maintained in functioning condition.
Fire extinguishers are a common accessory in all buildings. Type ABC Fire Extinguishers can handle a variety of fire types, including liquid, gas, and electrical. That can be a literal lifesaver when accidents happen in the battery room.
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The natural abundance of ¹³C is 1.1%. Which of the following molecular formulas gives an M+1 peak in the mass spectrum that is 10% of the height of the peak for M⁺? a. C₁₀H₁₂O₂ b. C₁₀H₂₂O c. C₉H₁₄O₂ d. C₁₇H₁₀O₃
The correct answer is C10H22O. It gives an M+1 peak in the mass spectrum that is 10% of the height of the peak for M⁺.
This is because 1.1% of carbon atoms are 13C atoms, and when 13C is present in a molecule, it will cause an increase in the m/z of the molecular ion. The peak for the M+1 ion in mass spectrum, which contains an additional 13C atom, will therefore be 10% of the height of the peak for the M+ ion.
When 1.1% of the carbon atoms in a molecule are 13C atoms, the molecular ion (M+) will have an additional 13C atom in it, creating an M+1 ion. The M+1 ion will be 10% of the height of the peak for the M+ ion due to the increased mass of the molecule. This is because the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the M+1 ion is greater than that of the M+ ion, and so it will be more easily detected in the mass spectrum
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2. it is important to make certain that there is no air bubble in the tip of the buret below the stopcock before the initial reading of the liquid level in the buret is taken. if a 0.5-ml air bubble is present in the tip of a buret, calculate what percent error in a 40-ml sample will result if the air bubble is dislodged during the dispensing of the sample?
Answer:
To calculate the percent error, you need to know the volume of the air bubble and the volume of the sample being dispensed. In this case, the volume of the air bubble is 0.5 mL and the volume of the sample is 40 mL.
To find the percent error, you can use the following formula:
(Volume of air bubble / Total volume) x 100 = Percent error
Plugging in the values, we get:
(0.5 / 40) x 100 = 1.25%
So if a 0.5-mL air bubble is present in the tip of a buret and it is dislodged during the dispensing of a 40-mL sample, the percent error in the sample will be 1.25%. This means that the actual volume of the sample dispensed would be off by 1.25% of the intended volume.
what volume of 0.1500 m 4 would be required to fully react with 1.000 g of formic acid (2) in acid solution
The volume of 0.1500 M CO2 required to fully react with 1.000 g of formic acid is approximately 483.8 mL.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between CO2 and formic acid (HCOOH) in an acid solution is:
CO2 + HCOOH -> H2CO3 + H2O
The molar mass of formic acid (HCOOH) is 46 g/mol. Therefore, 1.000 g of formic acid is equal to 1.000 g / 46 g/mol = 0.02174 mol.
The molar ratio of CO2 to formic acid in the reaction is 1:1. Therefore, the number of moles of CO2 required to react with 0.02174 mol of formic acid is 0.02174 mol.
The volume of a gas can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law:
PV = nRT,
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins.
Assuming standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 0°C and 1 atm, the volume of 0.02174 moles of CO2 can be calculated as:
V = nRT / P
V = (0.02174 mol) * (0.08206 Latm/molK) * (273.15 K) / (1 atm)
V = 0.4838 L = 483.8 mL
So, the volume of 0.1500 M CO2 required to fully react with 1.000 g of formic acid is approximately 483.8 mL.
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another potential future fuel is methanol (ch3oh) . write a balanced equation for the combustion of gaseous methanol. express your answer as a chemical equation.
The combustion reaction of methanol to form carbon dioxide and water is written as follows:
[tex]\rm CH_{3}OH + \frac{3}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow CO_{2} + 2 H_{2}O[/tex].
What is combustion ?Combustion is a type of reaction, in which a gas reacts with atmospheric oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. It is an exothermic reaction thus, produce heat energy to the surroundings.
Methanol is the simplest alcohol having many industrial uses. Methanol easily reacts with atmospheric oxygen to give one mole of carbon dioxide and 2 moles of water as written in the balanced chemical equation above.
The number of moles of oxygen is 4 on each side. Where the number can be balanced by multiplying with suitable integers. Therefore, the coefficient of oxygen being 3/2.
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a volume of 70.0 ml of aqueous potassium hydroxide ( koh ) was titrated against a standard solution of sulfuric acid ( h2so4 ). what was the molarity of the koh solution if 20.7 ml of 1.50 m h2so4 was needed? the equation is
The molarity of the KOH solution if 20.7 ml of 1.50 m H₂SO₄ was needed is 0.04347 M
Let's think about how KOH and H₂SO₄ neutralize one another.
2 KOH + H₂SO₄ → K₂SO₄ + 2 H₂O
12.7 mL of 1.50 M H₂SO₄ react. The reacting moles of H₂SO₄ are:
0.0027 L × 1.50 mole/L = 0.03105 mole
KOH and H₂SO₂ have a molar ratio of 2:1. so,
2 x 0.03105 mole = 0.0621 mole are the reactive moles of KOH.
Then we can calculate the molarity of KOH
molarity = moles x volume
Molarity KOH = 0.0621 mole x 70.0 ml = 0.04347 M
Therefore, The molarity needed is 0.04347 M
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vanillin is the main flavor and aroma component of vanilla. it has a δhvap of 55.29 kj/mol and a normal boiling point of 558 k. if the pressure is lowered to 0.151 atm, what is the new boiling point?
A substance's boiling point is related to its usual boiling point and the pressure at which it is boiling. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation may be used to calculate a substance's boiling point.
at a given pressure: Hvap / (RT2) = dlnP/dT Where Hvap is the vaporization heat, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/molK), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and P is the atmospheric pressure. We may find the connection between the boiling point and the pressure by integrating the previous equation: Hvap / R * (1/T1 - 1/T2) ln(P2/P1) Where P1 is the normal boiling point pressure and P2 is the new boiling point pressure. We may get the new boiling point by rearranging the equation: T2 = T1 * (P1 / P2)^(R substance's boiling point is related to its usual boiling point and the pressure at which it is boiling. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation may be used to calculate a substance's boiling point.
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What can be said about the differences between the two types of water?A. There are no differences between the two types of water. B. Tap water is more acidic than bottled water. C. Bottled water is more acidic than tap water, D. There is not enough information to determine a conclusion
The difference between in the two types of the water is the correct option is : C. Bottled water is more acidic than tap water
The Pure water has a pH of 7 and that is considered as the neutral because it is neither the acidic nor the basic qualities. The pH scale ranges from the 0 to 14 . Th epH value which is less then the 7 is considered as the acidic in nature. The pH value greater than the 7 is said to be basic in nature. The pH value of the 7 is the neutral value it means the water is neither the acidic nor the basic.
Thus, Bottled water is more acidic than tap water and the tap water is safer than the bottled water.
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(b) In another experiment Penny obtained white crystals of potassium carbonate, K,CO₂,
from
(1) Show that the percentage by mass of potassium in K₂CO3 is 56.6.
[2]
(ii) Some of Penny's crystals were analysed for potassium by flame emission
spectroscopy. The results showed that the percentage of potassium present was
44.9%.
Penny suggested that the crystals of potassium carbonate might be a hydrate,
K₂CO3.2H₂O.
Explain why the percentage of potassium in the hydrate is lower than the value
[1]
stated in (1).
Answer:
(b) (i) To determine the percentage by mass of potassium in K₂CO3, we can use the molar masses of the individual elements in the compound. The molar mass of K₂CO₃ is 138.21 g/mol. The molar mass of potassium is 39.098 g/mol and the molar mass of carbon and oxygen is 12.01 and 16.00 respectively.
The mass of potassium in K₂CO₃ is 2*39.098 = 78.196 g
The mass of K₂CO₃ is 138.21 g
percentage of potassium in K₂CO₃ = (mass of potassium / mass of K₂CO₃) * 100 = (78.196 / 138.21) * 100 = 56.6%
(b) (ii) If the crystals of potassium carbonate are a hydrate, K₂CO₃.2H₂O, it means that there is water molecules present in the crystal structure. The mass of water in the hydrate will not contribute to the percentage of potassium in the hydrate. Therefore, the percentage of potassium in the hydrate will be lower than the value stated in (1)
A sample of a unknown gas from a cylinder is collected over water in the apparatus shown above. After all the gas sample has been collected, the water levels inside and outside the gas collection tube are made the same. Measurements that must be made to calculate the molar mass of the gas include all of the following EXCEPT
By balancing the water levels, the pressures are also balanced, ensuring that the total pressure in the flask is atmospheric and does not include a contribution from the pressure caused by the height of the water column.
Why should the level of water inside and outside the flask be equal?Most gases, when they are at ambient temperature and pressure, follow the ideal-gaw law equation, PV=nRT. Although there are slight variations from this, the van der Waals equation (P+(n2a/V2))(V-nb)=nRT is utilized since it takes these variations into account. A larger range of temperatures and pressures are also applicable. The gas constants in the equation are a and b. Intermolecular attractions are taken into account via the (n2a/V2) term, which is the correction for the molecules' finite volume.Recorded in units of L-atm/mol-K, the gas constant is known as R. R can be calculated for an enclosed oxygen sample by applying the ideal-gas law and van der Waals equation. To create KCl and O2, KClO3 interacts with MnO2. Dalton's rule of partial pressures is then used to determine the pressure of the gas O2, which may then be used with the ideal-gas law and van der Waals equation to determine R.To Learn more About balancing the water Refer To:
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If the AGº for ATP hydrolysis is -30 kJ/mol and the AG" for phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis is -62 kJ/mol, what is the AGº for the phosphorylation of ADP by phosphoenolpyruvate? -92 kJ/mol +31 kJ/mol +92 kJ/mol -62 kJ/mol -32 kJ/mol
The AGº for the phosphorylation of ADP by phosphoenolpyruvate is equal to 32 kJ/mol.
The AGº for the phosphorylation of ADP by phosphoenolpyruvate can be calculated using the equation:
AGº = AGº (ATP hydrolysis) - AGº (phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis)
Given that AGº (ATP hydrolysis) = -30 kJ/mol and AGº (phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis) = -62 kJ/mol, then:
AGº = -30 kJ/mol - (-62 kJ/mol) = 32 kJ/mol
NADH: An increase in the concentration of NADH can inhibit PDH, as it competes with pyruvate for binding to the active site of the enzyme.
Acetyl-CoA: An increase in the concentration of acetyl-CoA can also inhibit PDH, as it acts as an allosteric inhibitor
Therefore, the AGº for the phosphorylation of ADP by phosphoenolpyruvate is equal to 32 kJ/mol.
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soda has a ph of about 3, while black coffee has a ph of about 5. how much more acidic is soda than coffee?
The soda with a pH of 3 is 100 times more acidic than the coffee with a pH of 5
How do I know how much acidic is soda than coffee?To determine how much acidic is soda than coffee, we shall obtain the hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺] of each liquid. Details below:
For soda:
pH of soda = 3 Hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺] = ?pH = -Log [H⁺]
3 = -Log [H⁺]
Multiply through by -1
-3 = Log [H⁺]
Take the anti-log of -3
[H⁺] = Anti-log -3
[H⁺] = 0.001 M
For coffee:
pH of coffee = 5 Hydrogen ion concentration [H⁺] = ?pH = -Log [H⁺]
5 = -Log [H⁺]
Multiply through by -1
-5 = Log [H⁺]
Take the anti-log of -5
[H⁺] = Anti-log -5
[H⁺] = 0.00001 M
Finally, we shall determine how much acidic is soda than coffee. Detais below:
Hydrogen ion concentration for soda = 0.001 MHydrogen ion concentration for coffee = 0.00001 M[H⁺] for soda / [H⁺] for coffee = 0.001 / 0.00001
[H⁺] for soda / [H⁺] for coffee = 100
Cross multiply
[H⁺] for soda = 100 × [H⁺] for coffee
Thus, we can conclude that the soda is 100 times more acidic
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what is the molar concentration of a solution of i-(aq) if 15.00 ml aliquots are titrated with an average of 28.80 ml of a 0.210 mol/l solution of acidified potassium dichromate?
The molar concentration of the solution of I aq) if 15.00 ml are titrated with the average of the 28.80 ml of a 0.210 mol/l solution of acidified potassium dichromate is 0.40 M.
The concentration of I , C1 = ?
The volume , V1 = 50 mL
The concentration of potassium dichromate , C2 = 0.210 M
The volume , V2 = 28.80 M
The expression is given as :
C1 V1 = C2 V2
C1 = C2 V2 / V1
C2 = ( 0.210 × 0.02880 ) / 0.015
C2 = 0.40 M
Thus, the concentration of the solution is 0.40 M.
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Identify the type of reaction:
KBr + AgNO3 → AgBr + KNO3
ооо
Single Replacement
Synthesis
Decomposition
Double Replacement
Answer: Double Replacement
Explanation:
This is double replacement.
KBr + AgNO₃ ⇒ AgBr + KNO₃
On the left side K is paired with Br. On the right side K is paired with NO₃.
On the left side Ag is paired with NO₃. On the right side Ag is paired with Br.
The cations, K and Ag, "switched partners" in the reaction.
following is the mass spectrum of 2-methylpentane. propose a structural formula for the cation of m/z 57.
The cation of m/z 57 in the mass spectrum of 2-methylpentane is likely to be [CH3CH2CH2CH2+]. This is because the loss of a methyl group from the 2-methylpentane molecule would result in a cation with a mass of 57.
The branched-chain alkane 2-methylpentane, also referred to as isohexane, has the chemical formula C6H14. This methyl group-bonded second carbon atom in a pentane chain makes it a structural isomer of hexane. Using a prediction model for the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), The research octane number (RON) of 2-methylpentane is 75, the motor octane number (MON) is 77, and the cetane number (CN) is 29. Mr. William M. Haynes (2010). Handbook of Physics and Chemistry (91 ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, p. 3-364, ISBN 978-1-43982077-3."Compound Summary for 2-methylpentane." the compound PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information, United States. 26 March 2005. Identity and associated records. obtained on March 5, 2012.Chemohazards Pocket Guide from NIOSH. Occupational Safety and Health National Institute (NIOSH).
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For a chemical reaction, given ∆H < 0 and ∆S > 0. Which of the following statement is/are true?I) The reaction is spontaneous at low temperature only.II) As temperature increases, the reaction becomes more spontaneous.III) The reaction is spontaneous at any temperature.
Statement III is false, as the reaction is spontaneous only for certain temperatures.
The spontaneity of a reaction is determined by the sign of the Gibbs free energy change (∆G). The ∆G = ∆H - T∆S, where ∆H is the enthalpy change and ∆S is the entropy change of the reaction. Thus, if we have ∆H < 0 and ∆S > 0, then ∆G will be negative, indicating a spontaneous reaction. In this case, Statement II is true, as an increase in temperature (T) will make the negative value of ∆G more negative, and thus the reaction will become more spontaneous. Statement I is also true, as a lower temperature would result in a larger positive value of T∆S, which would make the ∆G value more positive, thus rendering the reaction less spontaneous. However, Statement III is false, as the reaction is spontaneous only for certain temperatures.
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how many grams are in 4.9 moles of KCI
360 grams
365.54 grams
15.22 grams
0.066 grams
The mass of the compound that we have is 365.54 grams. Option B
What is the mole?The mole (mol) is the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance in chemistry.
The mole is used to convert between mass, moles, and number of entities, allowing chemists to work with the macroscopic amounts of substances they need to, while still having a convenient way of expressing their composition at the molecular level.
Now we know that;
Molar mass of KCl = 75 g/mol
Mass of the compound = 4.9 moles * 74.5 g/mol
= 365.54 grams
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Two isothermal CSTRs are in series for the 1st-order reaction A → B. Based on the reactor setup below, estimate how the volume of reactor #2 compares to that of reactor #1. (5 points) AO 0.6 A0 0.2 CAo a) Vi> V2 e) V2-10V Question i When the temperature of a reaction increases the rate of that reaction will also increase. When the temperature is increased from 30 to 80°C, the rate of reaction increases by approximately how much? (5 points) Question 4 The following reaction follows an elementary rate law If concentrations are to be measured in lb-mol/ft and the flow rates are in lb-mol/sec what are the nits on the rate constant (k)? (5 points)
Based on the information provided, the volume of reactor #2 in comparison to reactor #1 cannot be approximated. Based on the facts provided, the increase in response rate.
owing to a temperature rise from 30 to 80°C cannot be approximated. If concentrations are measured in lb-mol/ft and flow rates are recorded in lb-mol/sec, the rate constant (k) units are (lb-mol/ft)/(lb-mol/sec). Two isothermal CSTRs are in series for the 1st-order reaction A → B. Based on the reactor setup below, estimate how the volume of reactor #2 compares to that of reactor #1. (5 points) AO 0.6 A0 0.2 CAo a) Vi> V2 e) V2-10V i When the temperature of a reaction increases the rate of that reaction will also increase. When the temperature is increased from 30 to 80°C.
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how many electrons are required to reduce cytochrome c
Four electrons are required to reduce cytochrome c.
Cytochrome c is a small, heme-containing protein that plays an important role in the process of cellular respiration. In cellular respiration, electrons are transferred from molecules of fuel, such as glucose, to oxygen, with the help of cytochrome c and other proteins.
Cytochrome c acts as an electron carrier, transferring electrons from one protein to another in a series of redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions. In each redox reaction, electrons are removed from one molecule (the oxidized form) and added to another molecule (the reduced form). In the case of cytochrome c, it must be reduced four times, meaning that it must accept four electrons in total.
Each electron that is added to cytochrome c changes the oxidation state of the iron atom in its heme group, reducing it from the oxidized form (Fe3+) to the reduced form (Fe2+). This process allows cytochrome c to transfer electrons from one protein to another, until they eventually reach oxygen and are used to form water.
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the phase diagram for an organic compound is shown. the pressure is measured from 0 to 1 atmosphere on the y-axis and the temperature is measured from minus 200 to 200 degrees celsius on the x-axis. a curve starts at 0.2 atmospheres at minus 210 degrees, goes parallel to the x-axis until minus 65 degrees, and increases until the triple point at 0.4 atmospheres at 10 degrees. then the curve divides into two branches. the first branch goes up and slightly to the left until 1.3 atmospheres at minus 75 degrees. the second branch goes to 0.7 atmospheres at 170 degrees and then increases until 1.2 atmospheres at 220 degrees. as a result, the part of the plot, which is arranged between the y-axis, the initial curve, and the first branch, represents phase x. the part arranged between the branches represents phase y. the part arranged between the x-axis, the initial curve, and the second branch represents phase z. what is the normal boiling point of this compound?
Assuming at atmospheric pressure 1 atm the boiling temperature will be 150 degrees celcius.
Phase diagram summarizes the effect of temperature and pressure on a substance in a closed container. Every point in this diagram represents a possible combination of temperature and pressure for the system. The diagram is divided into three areas, which represent the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of the substance.
The normal boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure and the vapor pressure of the liquid is therefore equal to 1 atm.
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During a Chemistry Lab on gas laws, Kara was investigating the gas inside a syringe with a volume of 6.95 cm3. The gas pressure was 696 mm Hg. What pressure will the gas have if the plunger is pressed and the syringe volume decreases to 3.35 cm3?
According to Boyle's law, the new pressure of the gas at constant temperature is 14434.94 mm Hg.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle's law is an experimental gas law which describes how the pressure of the gas decreases as the volume increases. It's statement can be stated as, the absolute pressure which is exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided temperature and amount of gas remains unchanged.
Mathematically, it can be stated as,
P∝1/V or PV=K.
According to the equation the unknown pressure and volume of any one gas can be determined if two gases are to be considered.That is,
P₁V₁=P₂V₂, on substitution P₂=696×6.95/3.35=1443.94 mm Hg.
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Is the distribution of electrons in the sodium-chlorine bond and the carbon- chlorine bond the same? For each case, describe how the electrons that make up the bond are distributed between the two atoms.
The distribution of electrons is not the same in sodium-chlorine bonds and carbon-chlorine bonds (electronic configuration)
The electronic configuration of sodium chlorine
sodium atom is 2, 8, 1
chlorine atom is 2, 8, 7
Carbon chlorine
Carbon - 2,8,2
Chlorine - 2,8,7
Electronic Configuration refers to how the electrons are the distribution of electrons within an atom. The greatest number of electrons that can be found in an orbit can be calculated using the formula 2n2, where n is the orbit number. The formula also referred to as "Bohr Bury Schemes," aids in figuring out how electrons are arranged in the distribution of electrons.
In order to determine the distribution of electrons by the electrical configuration of cations, electrons are first removed from the outermost p orbital, then from the s orbital, and finally from the d orbitals (if any more electrons need to be removed)
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one prediction of global warming is the melting of global ice, which may result in coastal flooding. a criticism of this prediction is that the melting of icebergs does not increase ocean levels any more than the melting of ice in a glass of water increases the level of liquid in the glass. is this a valid criticism? does the melting of an ice cube in a cup of water raise the level of the liquid in the cup? why or why not
Yes, this is a valid criticism. The melting of an ice cube in a cup of water does not raise the level of the liquid in the cup because the ice cube was already displacing the same volume of the liquid before it melted.
The same is true for icebergs melting in the ocean - the melting of the iceberg does not increase the volume of water in the ocean, so it does not cause a rise in sea levels.
Additionally, the warming of the ocean temperatures can cause the ocean to expand, further increasing the ocean's volume and causing sea levels to rise. This can have disastrous consequences, as it could lead to flooding of coastal areas and displacement of people living in those areas.
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suppose both the bond enthalpy and the heat of sublimation of were bigger. would be more stable? or less?
Explanation:
=> The simplest form of
56
:
98
56:98 is
4
:
7.
4:7.
Step-by-step explanation:
Given ratio -
56
:
98
56:98
We have to reduce it to its simplest form,
For that, we have to find the GCD of the numerator as well as the denominator:
So, the GCD for
56
56 and
98
98 is
14.
14.
Now, divide both the numerator and denominator by the GCD:
=
>
56
÷
14
98
÷
14
=>
98÷14
56÷14
=
>
4
7
=>
7
4
Hence, the simplest form is
4
:
7.
4:7.
Please help with this question. I really do not know how to do it?
Answer:
Explanation:
Oh, let me rephrase it:
How much copper sulfate (salt) would you expect in comparison AlSO4 if you had mixed copper instead of aluminium with sulfuric acid?
Just answer like: I would expect more/less than when adding aluminum.
for a 5.000 mmol/dm3 aqueous solution of srcl2 at 25°c, the conductivity is 0.1242 s m1 (where s stands for siemens). for srcl2 in this solution, calculate (a) m; (b) eq.
m = 270 cm 2 mol 1. is the answer, The unit of conductivity is typically micromhos per centimeter (mho/cm). Ampere per volt (reciprocal of resistance in ohms).
Siemens (S), which is the reciprocal of an ohm in the International System of Units, is used to represent conductivity as milli Siemens per meter (mS/m) or micro Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). One mS/m is equal to ten mhos/cm. The reciprocal of the resistance in ohms for direct current (DC) and the impedance in ohms for alternating current (AC) is the conductance in siemens and the resistance in ohms, respectively.
The right answer is A) Given what we know.
m \s \s =Λ \sm \s∞ \s \s −b \sc \s
250 = m b.. (2) After solving (1) & (2), we get
m = 270 cm 2 mol 1.
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Helllpppp! this is a study island and im stuck :(
It is clear from the tabular data that, the monkeys in troop 2 were better to avoid predators and more of them were able to reproduce. Hence, option D is correct.
What is natural survival ?In the biosphere, not all living things are fit to survive for a longer life time. Most of them are pray of other higher level animals. Some organisms adopt some strategies to hide from their predators and they can survive more.
It is clear from the table that, the monkeys residing in the ground are more prone to the attacks by their predators. Whereas monkeys living in trees can survive more.
In each year the survival rate is increasing for both troop. However the more number of monkeys which can sustain their population is in troop 2. Therefore, option D is correct.
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the aqueous aluminum sulfate formed is crystalized to make hydrated aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3xH2O.
the relative formula mass of hydrated aluminum sulfate is 666.
calculate the value of x in the given formula.
(pls solve w explanation)
In the crystalized form of aluminum sulfate, Al₂(SO₄)₃xH₂O, the value of x which represents the molecules of water is approximately 6.
How to find water per sulfate?The formula mass of Al₂(SO₄)₃ can be calculated as follows:
Al = 2 x 26.98 = 53.96 g/mol
S = 3 x 32.06 = 96.18 g/mol
O = 12 x 16.00 = 192.00 g/mol
Total formula mass = 53.96 + 96.18 + 192.00 = 342.14 g/mol
The relative formula mass of hydrated aluminum sulfate is 666, so the mass of water in the formula can be calculated as:
mass of water = 666 - 342.14 = 323.86 g/mol
Since the formula for water is H₂O, the number of water molecules in the formula can be calculated as:
number of H₂O molecules = 323.86/18.02 = 17.92
Since there are 3 sulfate ions in the formula, the number of water molecules per sulfate ion can be calculated as:
number of H₂O per sulfate = 17.92/3 = 5.97
Therefore, the value of x in the formula Al₂(SO₄)₃xH₂O is 6 (rounded up).
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Determining the order of a reactant 1) Sort the following sets of observations as zero, first and second order. Initial Rate ConcInitial Rate Conc ?M) 0.1 0.3 Order: Conc Initial (M) |Rate 0.1 0.3 Order: | (M/s) 0.010 0.090 (M/s) 0.0125 0.00378 0.10 0.30 Order: 0.00378 0.0375 Complete the following statements about the effects on the rate of the reaction when the following changes are made a) In a first order reaction increasing the concentration by 2 b) In a second order reaction increasing the concentration by 2 c) In a zero order reaction increasing the concentration by 2
a) The rate of the reaction doubles when the concentration of reactants increased by 2.
b) The rate of the reaction quadruples when the concentration of reactants increased by 2.
c) The rate of the reaction does not change when the concentration of reactants increased by 2.
We know that rate is proportional to the concentration of reactants raised to their respective order.
i.e. Rate(R) = k [M]ˣ
Where k = rate constant and x = order of the reaction.
For Case 1: M₁(initial) = 0.1 M ; R₁(initial) = 0.0125 M/s
and M₂(final) = 0.3 M ; R₂(final) = 0.0375 M/s
So, R₁/R₂ = [M₁]ˣ/[M₂]ˣ
⇒ 0.0125/0.0375 = (0.1/0.3)ˣ
⇒ 1/3 = (1/3)ˣ
⇒ x = 1
Therefore, it is a first-order reaction.
For Case 2: M₁(initial) = 0.1 M ; R₁(initial) = 0.01 M/s
and M₂(final) = 0.3 M ; R₂(final) = 0.09 M/s
So, R₁/R₂ = [M₁]ˣ/[M₂]ˣ
⇒ 0.01/0.09 = (0.1/0.3)ˣ
⇒ 1/9 = (1/3)ˣ
⇒ x = 2
Therefore, it is a second-order reaction.
For Case 1: M₁(initial) = 0.1 M ; R₁(initial) = 0.00378 M/s
and M₂(final) = 0.3 M ; R₂(final) = 0.00378 M/s
So, R₁/R₂ = [M₁]ˣ/[M₂]ˣ
⇒ 0.00378/0.00378 = (0.1/0.3)ˣ
⇒ 1 = (1/3)ˣ
⇒ x = 0
Therefore, it is a zeroth-order reaction.
a) The rate of the reaction doubles when the concentration of reactants increased by 2.
b) The rate of the reaction quadruples when the concentration of reactants increased by 2.
c) The rate of the reaction does not change when the concentration of reactants increased by 2.
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