2.3 Quotas are a common way to evaluate the performance of a sales force. Salespeople who meet their quotas are considered to be performing well in the activity for which the quota is set. As a result, quotas can be established depending on a number of parameters, including territorial or company sales volume. Choose a company that sells products or provides services in a fast-moving consumer goods market or a service industry of your choice. Inquire with the sales manager about how their salespeople are assigned sales quotas and the bases they set their quotas. (5 marks) A) Was the set of quotas, according to your view, good quotas? (5 Marks) B) Inquire with the sales manager about the techniques they use to forecast sales of their product or services, and provide a brief explanation of how they go about doing so. (8 Marks)

Answers

Answer 1

Quotas should align with the company's overall sales objectives and strategies. They should reflect specific targets and goals that contribute to the company's growth and profitability.

Fairness and Attainability: Quotas should be fair and attainable, taking into consideration factors such as the salesperson's territory, market conditions, historical performance, and available resources. Unrealistic quotas can demotivate salespeople and lead to dissatisfaction.

Balance: Quotas should be balanced to ensure equitable distribution among salespeople. They should consider factors such as the complexity of the sales process, product mix, and customer segments.

Sales forecasting techniques:

Sales managers use various techniques to forecast sales, depending on the nature of the products or services they offer. Some common techniques include:

Historical Data Analysis: Sales managers analyze historical sales data to identify patterns, trends, and seasonal variations. This analysis helps in forecasting future sales based on past performance.

Market Research: Sales managers conduct market research to gather data on customer preferences, market size, competitors, and industry trends. This information is used to estimate future demand and sales potential.

Sales Pipeline Analysis: By examining the sales pipeline, sales managers can assess the status of ongoing deals and the probability of closing them. This information provides insights into potential future sales.

The sales manager of the chosen company can provide more insights into their particular approach and the factors considered in the process.

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Related Questions

An export subsidy on cloth will cause the world relative demand for cloth to ___ and the world relative supply for cloth to ___
a. increase; decrease b. decrease; increase c. increase;increase d. decrease;decrease

Answers

Answer:

decrease, increase (b)

Which of following factors cause an increase in the demand for minivans? A. People have fewer children. B. A fall in the price of sports utility vehicles (a substitute to minivans). C. A bull market causes a rise in the stock market increasing consumer wealth. D. A strike by steelworkers raises steel prices.

Answers

An increase in demand for minivans is caused by factor, a bull market causes a rise in the stock market, thereby increasing consumer wealth. The correct answer is option C.

A bull market refers to a stock market where prices rise and the economy is strong. When the stock market is thriving, investors are optimistic and feel confident about investing their money, making a profit, and buying items they otherwise wouldn't.

Minivans are generally a more expensive type of car than a regular sedan, with more seating capacity, space, and additional features that increase their price.

Therefore, they are more of a luxury item that people purchase when they have more disposable income or feel more financially stable and secure. A bull market, where the stock market is booming, boosts investor confidence and optimism about the economy, which leads to more spending and investments being made.

As people's wealth increases, they feel more financially secure and are more willing to spend money on luxury items like minivans.

Conversely, factors A and B are causes for a decrease in the demand for minivans. People having fewer children (A) means that there are fewer people who need the additional space a minivan provides.

A fall in the price of SUVs (B), on the other hand, would mean that people are more likely to purchase them instead of minivans. Finally, D, a strike by steelworkers raising steel prices, is irrelevant to the demand for minivans as steel is not used in their production.

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when a manufacturing company uses direct materials, it assigns the cost by debiting

Answers

When a manufacturing company uses direct materials, it assigns the cost by debiting the raw materials inventory account, reducing the cost of goods manufactured.

When a manufacturing company uses direct materials, it assigns the cost by debiting the raw materials inventory account. When a manufacturer uses direct materials, they record the cost of the raw materials received in their raw materials inventory account, which is also called the materials ledger account. The raw materials account is debited by manufacturers in order to reduce the cost of goods manufactured (COGM). Raw materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead are the three components of cost of goods manufactured.

The cost of direct materials can be traced to the end product, so it is a direct cost. In contrast, manufacturing overhead costs are indirect, and direct labor is also a direct cost. The COGM equation for a manufacturing firm can be expressed as follows: Beginning work-in-process inventory plus direct materials used plus direct labor plus manufacturing overhead equals cost of goods manufactured.

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Gemini Auto Repair is a calendar year taxpayer. In 2019, the repair shop purchased a light weight truck for $44,000 that to drive customers back and forth to their cars while the shop worked on their cars (te. for business purposes). In 2020, the repair shop sold the truck for $33,000. Assume that the lightweight truck was the only asset Gemini purchased in 2019. Gemini Auto Repair opted out of Sex 179 and bonus depreciation for 2019.
Do not use any MACRS tables to calculate regular depreciation, instead just assume that the depreciation deductions Gemin atally ok fir the truck for 2019 and 2020 were $6,000 and $7,000, respectively. What was the total amount of gain (or loss) for Gemn 2020 on the sale of the truck?

Answers

The total depreciation deduction for Gemini Auto Repair from the truck for tax purposes in 2019, the depreciation method used and the applicable recovery period.

Since Gemini Auto Repair opted out of Section 179 and bonus depreciation, we will assume they are using the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) depreciation method.

The lightweight truck was purchased on March 15, 2014, which means it has been in service for more than one year. According to MACRS, the recovery period for a light truck is 5 years.

To calculate the depreciation deduction, we need to determine the basis of the truck. The basis is the original cost of the truck minus any depreciation deductions taken in previous years. However, since the information provided does not mention any depreciation deductions taken in previous years, we can assume the basis is the original cost of $54,400.

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Multiple choice
in his Theory of Leisure Class, Veblen stated the following, except.
a. The super-rich in the golden age of the American economy were the ones who fought hard from poor and successful in becoming very rich.
b. A group of rich people have a job showing off their wealth which is a reference for a group of people who want to be rich.
c. The rich always exhibit conspicuous consumption (excessive consumption), conspicuous leisure (excessive entertainment), and conspicuous waste (excessive waste).
d. Excessive flash of wealth will burden the American economy on things that are not essential to the basic needs of the American people.

Answers

Veblen's Theory of Leisure Class states the following except d. Excessive flash of wealth will burden the American economy on things that are not essential to the basic needs of the American people.

Veblen was a critic of capitalism and society. He wrote "The Theory of the Leisure Class" to criticize the culture and behaviors of wealthy Americans. His book argued that wealthy Americans engaged in "conspicuous consumption" (excessive consumption), "conspicuous leisure" (excessive entertainment), and "conspicuous waste" (excessive waste).

These behaviors are harmful because they create an impression that such behaviors are desirable, and it is essential to follow these standards.

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Dexter Industries purchased packaging equipment on January 8 for $541,600. The equipment was expected to have a useful life of four years, or 9,200 operating hours, and a residual value of $44,800. The equipment was used for 3,220 hours during Year 1, 1,932 hours In Year 2, 2,576 hours in Year 3, and 1,472 hours In Year 4. Determine the amount of depreciation expense for the four years ending December 31 by (a) the straight-line method, (b) the units-of-activity method, and (c) the double-declining-balance method.

Answers

(a) The straight-line method: The depreciation expense for each year is calculated by dividing the cost of the equipment minus the residual value by the useful life in years. The total depreciation expense for the four years is $119,200.

(b) The units-of-activity method: The depreciation expense for each year is calculated by dividing the cost of the equipment minus the residual value by the total estimated operating hours. The total depreciation expense for the four years is $126,400.

(c) The double-declining-balance method: The depreciation rate is twice the straight-line rate. The depreciation expense for each year is calculated by multiplying the net book value (cost minus accumulated depreciation) by the depreciation rate. The total depreciation expense for the four years is $209,276.

(a) Straight-line method: (541,600 - 44,800) / 4 = $119,200

This method evenly allocates the cost over the useful life of the equipment.

(b) Units-of-activity method: (541,600 - 44,800) / 9,200 * (3,220 + 1,932 + 2,576 + 1,472) = $126,400

This method considers the actual usage of the equipment to allocate the cost.

(c) Double-declining-balance method:

Year 1: Beginning book value = 541,600, depreciation rate = 2/4 = 50%

Depreciation expense = 541,600 * 50% = 270,800

Year 2: Beginning book value = 541,600 - 270,800 = 270,800, depreciation rate = 2/4 = 50%

Depreciation expense = 270,800 * 50% = 135,400

Year 3: Beginning book value = 270,800 - 135,400 = 135,400, depreciation rate = 2/4 = 50%

Depreciation expense = 135,400 * 50% = 67,700

Year 4: Beginning book value = 135,400 - 67,700 = 67,700, depreciation rate = 2/4 = 50%

Depreciation expense = 67,700 * 50% = 33,850

Total depreciation expense = 270,800 + 135,400 + 67,700 + 33,850 = $209,276

The double-declining-balance method provides higher depreciation expense in the earlier years and lower expense in the later years, reflecting the assumption that assets are more productive in the early years of their useful life.

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The trial balance of Anderson Ltd included the following balances: On 1 October 2019 , an account for $1600 was determined to be uncollectable. The journal entry to be made on that date would include a debit to: a. Allowance for doubtful debts b. Bad debts expense c. Accounts Receivable d. Cash

Answers

The journal entry on October 1, 2019, to record the uncollectible account of $1600 would include a debit to the Allowance for doubtful debts.

The correct answer is option a) Allowance for doubtful debts

When an account is determined to be uncollectible, it is necessary to make an adjustment to the financial records to reflect the potential loss.

The Allowance for doubtful debts is a contra-asset account used to estimate and record the amount of accounts receivable that is expected to be uncollectible.

By debiting the Allowance for doubtful debts, the company acknowledges the increase in the estimated uncollectible amount.

Option b, Bad debts expense, is not appropriate in this scenario because it represents the actual expenses incurred due to uncollectible accounts, typically recorded through an adjusting entry at the end of an accounting period based on historical data and estimates.

Option c, Accounts Receivable, is not debited in this case because the account is already determined to be uncollectible and therefore needs to be offset against the Allowance for doubtful debts.

Option d, Cash, is not involved in this journal entry since it is not related to the collection or non-collection of the account.

Therefore, The correct answer is option a) Allowance for doubtful debts

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Aaron plans to open Aaron’s Pet Supplies, a pet supplies outlet and plans to hire 2 part-time employees. Aaron will invest only his own money in the business. He does not expect to make any profit for at least 2 years and to make very little profit for the next 3 years after the first 2 years. He does expect to make a profit eventually.
Which form of business organization is most appropriate and easiest for Aaron to use in opening his pet store – and why?

Answers

The most appropriate and easiest form of business organization for Aaron to use in opening his pet store would be a sole proprietorship.

A sole proprietorship is the simplest and most common form of business organization. It is suitable for Aaron's situation because he plans to invest his own money and operate the business on his own. As a sole proprietor, Aaron will have complete control over the business and can make decisions without the need for approval from partners or shareholders.

This autonomy allows him to adapt and adjust the business strategies as needed. Additionally, since Aaron does not expect to make a profit for at least 2 years and anticipates minimal profit for the following 3 years, a sole proprietorship is a practical choice. This form of business does not require complex financial reporting, making it easier for Aaron to handle the financial aspects of the business on his own.

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What is Sam’s monthly disposable income if his gross annual salary is $120,000, and his employer withholds monthly income taxes and other payroll deductions of $4,950? Note that Sam’s monthly fixed expenses are $2,350, while his variable expenses are $2,200. He also contributes monthly savings of $500 to his Tax-Free Savings account.
$4,950
$5,050
$500
$4,550
$2,685

Answers

The monthly disposable income of Sam is $2,685. The correct answer is $2685.

Disposable income refers to the amount of money that remains with an individual after paying off all the necessary and fixed expenses. It is the amount that can be spent on luxury items or that can be invested in savings or investments. Sam’s annual gross salary is $120,000. Let’s calculate his monthly gross salary:$120,000 / 12 = $10,000

Sam’s employer withholds $4,950 for monthly income taxes and other payroll deductions from his salary. Now we can calculate Sam’s monthly disposable income:

Monthly gross salary - Monthly expenses - Monthly savings

Monthly gross salary = $10,000

Monthly expenses = $2,350 + $2,200 = $4,550Monthly savings = $500

Disposable income = $10,000 - $4,550 - $500 = $4,950

Therefore, Sam’s monthly disposable income is $2,685 ($4,950 - $2,350).

Sam can choose to save his disposable income, or spend it on any desired luxury item. The importance of disposable income is that it enables individuals to have extra money to invest or spend on entertainment or travel.

Therefore,  The correct answer is $2685.

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1. Explain the various functions of money
2.Contrast commodity money and fiat money
3. Explain how banks act as intermediaries between savers and borrowers
4. Analyze the causes of bankruptcy and recessions
5. Explain the structure and organization of the U.S. Federal Reserve
6. Discuss how central banks impact monetary policy, promote financial stability, and provide banking services
7. Identify major revenue sources for the U.S. federal budget
8.Explain the U.S. federal budget in terms of annual debt and accumulated debt
9.How economic growth or decline can influence a budget surplus or budget deficit

Answers

The functions of money can be summarized as follows: Medium of exchange ,Unit of account, Store of value, Standard of deferred payment.

Commodity money refers to a form of currency that has intrinsic value because it is made of a valuable commodity, such as gold or silver. Its worth is derived from the material it is made of. In contrast, fiat money has no intrinsic value and is not backed by a physical commodity.

Banks act as intermediaries between savers and borrowers by accepting deposits from individuals and institutions (savers) and lending those funds to borrowers, such as individuals, businesses, or governments. They facilitate this process by managing the risks involved, ensuring liquidity, and providing financial services

Bankruptcy and recessions have different causes. Bankruptcy occurs when an individual or business is unable to repay their debts, often due to financial mismanagement, economic downturns, or unforeseen circumstances. Recessions, on the other hand, are broad economic downturns characterized by a decline in economic activity.

Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve, impact monetary policy by controlling the money supply, adjusting interest rates, and managing inflation. They promote financial stability by supervising banks, conducting stress tests, and providing emergency liquidity to prevent or mitigate financial crises.

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Since most companies update their Retained Earnings balances only once per year, the Retained Earnings balance will always have a $0 balance in the trial balance.
O True O False

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The statement "Since most companies update their Retained Earnings balances only once per year, the Retained Earnings balance will always have a $0 balance in the trial balance" is false because retained earnings is the cumulative sum of the corporation's after-tax profits since its inception, less any dividends it has paid out to investors.

Since retained earnings account is a running total of all the company's net earnings, it is possible to have a positive retained earnings balance one year, then a negative balance the next year, if the company loses money. Therefore, the Retained Earnings balance is typically updated on a regular basis and will seldom have a zero balance. Therefore, the statement "Since most companies update their Retained Earnings balances only once per year, the Retained Earnings balance will always have a $0 balance in the trial balance" is false.

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One Republic Company leased equipment to Maps Company on January 1, 2016. The lease term is for a four-year period. The annual lease payments must be made on January 1 of each year, with the first payment due on January 1, 2016. Additional information relating to the lease is as follows: · The cost of equipment to One Republic was $70,000, and the normal selling price for this type of equipment is $110,000. · One Republic requires a 10% rate of return on its investments, so this is the interest rate used to calculate the annual lease payments. · The lease contains a bargain purchase option. On December 31, 2019, the lessee may acquire the equipment for $4,000. · The equipment has an expected economic life of six years. The residual value of the equipment at that time is estimated to be $1,000. · The collectability of the lease payments is reasonably assured, and there are no important uncertainties surrounding the amount of unreimbursable costs yet to be incurred by the lessor. ? Required:
a. Compute the amount of the equal annual lease payments. (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.)

Answers

One Republic Company leased equipment to Maps Company with a four-year lease term. The annual lease payments, calculated based on a desired rate of return of 10%, were determined to be approximately $22,874. The lease agreement includes a bargain purchase option and has an expected economic life of six years.

To calculate the amount of the equal annual lease payments, we need to consider the cost of the equipment, the desired rate of return, the lease term, and the residual value.

In this case:

The cost of the equipment is $70,000.

The desired rate of return is 10%.

The lease term is four years.

The equipment's residual value is $1,000.

To determine the equal annual lease payments, we can use the present value of an ordinary annuity formula.

PV = PMT × [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r

Where:

PV = Present value of the lease payments (cost of the equipment)

PMT = Annual lease payment

r = Interest rate

n = Number of periods (lease term)

Plugging in the values:

$70,000 = PMT × [1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-4)] / 0.10

Now, we can solve for PMT:

PMT = $70,000 × (0.10 / [1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-4)])

The equal annual lease payment is approximately $22,874.

Therefore, the amount of the equal annual lease payments is $22,874.

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how does the culture of an organization influence the quality of estimates?

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The culture of an organization can have a significant impact on the quality of estimates.

Here are some ways in which organizational culture can influence estimate quality:

Transparency and openness: A culture that values transparency and encourages open communication promotes accurate estimates.

Accountability and integrity: A culture that emphasizes accountability and integrity helps ensure that estimates are based on realistic and honest assessments. When employees are held accountable for the accuracy of their estimates and are encouraged to provide truthful information, it reduces the likelihood of overly optimistic or biased estimates.

Learning and improvement: A culture that values learning ,continuous improvement encourages the organization to analyze past estimates and learn from both successes and failures.

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How is the predetermined factory overhead rate are used in job order costing? How is the rate computed and how is it applied?
Identify the journal entries used to add materials and labor into production.
What kind of company would use a job order cost system? How are costs accumulated by job as they move through production?

Answers

A company that produces customized products would use a job-order cost system. Costs are accumulated by job as they move through production by assigning direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs to each job.

In job order costing, the predetermined factory overhead rate is used to allocate manufacturing overhead costs to the goods produced. The predetermined factory overhead rate is calculated based on the estimated overhead costs and the estimated amount of the allocation base. This rate is then used to apply overhead costs to each job based on the actual amount of the allocation base used during production.

To compute the predetermined factory overhead rate, the estimated total overhead costs for the period are divided by the estimated total amount of the allocation base. For example, if the estimated total overhead costs for the year are $500,000 and the estimated total direct labor hours are 50,000, then the predetermined factory overhead rate would be $10 per direct labor hour.

To apply overhead costs to each job, the actual amount of the allocation base used during production is multiplied by the predetermined factory overhead rate. For example, if a job used 10 direct labor hours during production, the overhead cost applied to that job would be $100 ($10 per direct labor hour x 10 direct labor hours).

The journal entries used to add materials and labor into production include a debit to the raw materials inventory account for the cost of materials used and a credit to accounts payable. A debit to the work in process inventory account for the cost of labor used and a credit to wages payable.

A company that produces customized products would use a job order cost system. Costs are accumulated by job as they move through production by assigning direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs to each job. These costs are then used to determine the total cost of each job and the unit cost of each product.

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Which of the following describes a set of alternatives where the acceptance of one of the alternatives precludes investing in the other alternatives?
a. Contingent alternatives
b. Mutually exclusive alternatives
c. Independent alternatives
d. Do nothing alternative

Answers

The following describes a set of alternatives where the acceptance of one of the alternatives precludes investing in the other alternatives, The correct answer is b. Mutually exclusive alternatives.

Mutually exclusive alternatives are a set of options where the acceptance of one alternative precludes investing in the other alternatives. In other words, choosing one alternative means giving up the opportunity to pursue the other alternatives. These alternatives are mutually exclusive because they cannot be undertaken simultaneously.

Contingent alternatives are options that are dependent on certain conditions or events. Independent alternatives are options that can be chosen or pursued independently of each other. The "do nothing" alternative refers to the choice of not taking any action or making any investment.

Therefore, the correct option that describes a set of alternatives where the acceptance of one option precludes investing in the others is b. Mutually exclusive alternatives.

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General Product Inc. distributed 100 million coupons in 2021. The coupons are redeemable for 30 cents each. General anticipates that 70% of the coupons will be redeemed. The coupons expire on December 31, 2022. There were 45 million coupons redeemed in 2021 and 30 million redeemed in 2022. General recognizes coupon promotion expense in the period coupons are issued. What was General's coupon promotion expense in 2021? A. $30.0 million. B. $21.0 million. C. $13.5 million. D. $7.5 million.

Answers

General's coupon promotion expense in 2021 is $21.0 million (option b).

general's coupon promotion expense in 2021 can be calculated by multiplying the number of coupons distributed in 2021 (100 million) by the anticipated redemption rate (70%) and the redemption value per coupon (30 cents).

coupon promotion expense in 2021 = number of coupons distributed in 2021 * anticipated redemption rate * redemption value per coupon

= 100 million * 70% * $0.30

= $21.0 million the coupon promotion expense is recognized in the period when the coupons are issued. in this case, general distributed 100 million coupons in 2021. the anticipated redemption rate is 70%, meaning general expects 70% of the distributed coupons to be redeemed. the redemption value per coupon is given as 30 cents. by multiplying these values together, we can calculate the coupon promotion expense in 2021, which amounts to $21.0 million. this represents the cost incurred by general for the coupons that were distributed and redeemed during that specific period.

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What are your conclusions future of retailing? Online? Retail stores? Other possible Hybrid/omnichannel? Other possible scenarios?

Answers

The future of retailing is undergoing significant transformation, driven by evolving consumer preferences, advancements in technology, and changing market dynamics.

Online Retail: Online retailing will continue to grow and gain market share. The convenience of shopping from anywhere at any time, a wider product selection, personalized recommendations, and competitive pricing are advantages that online retailers offer. E-commerce platforms will continue to innovate, improve user experience, and leverage emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality to enhance the online shopping experience.

Retail Stores: While online retail is on the rise, physical retail stores will remain relevant. However, the role of retail stores is expected to evolve. Retailers will need to create unique in-store experiences, focusing on immersive environments, personalized services, and experiential elements that cannot be replicated online. Physical stores will also serve as fulfillment centers, offering click-and-collect or same-day delivery options to meet the growing demand for convenience.

Technology Integration: Technology will continue to play a crucial role in the future of retailing.

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Mr. C died 15.01.2021 in Slovenia. He has only one daughter who lives in Turkey. The daughter inherit 2.000.000 TRY land, 500.000 TRY car, 700.000 TRY gold, and 1.400.000 TRY bank deposits. She paid 350.000 TRY depth for his father.
Note: The exclusion amount the inheritance tax and tax schedule for the year 2021 are in the Slides.
Required: When the daughter will make declaration? Calculate tax base and taxable inheritance tax (10 Points?

Answers

The daughter should make the declaration of her inheritance for tax purposes in Slovenia. The taxable inheritance tax will then be determined based on the tax schedule for the year 2021 in Slovenia.

In order to determine when the daughter should make the declaration of her inheritance, it is important to consider the tax laws and regulations of the country where the inheritance is being received, which in this case is Slovenia.

The tax base for inheritance tax is calculated by subtracting the exclusion amount from the total value of the inherited assets. The exclusion amount and the tax schedule for the year 2021 are specific to Slovenia and should be referred to for accurate calculations.

Once the tax base is determined, the applicable tax rates from the tax schedule can be applied to calculate the taxable inheritance tax. The tax rates may vary depending on the value of the inheritance and the relationship between the deceased and the heir.

It is advisable for the daughter to consult with a tax professional or the tax authorities in Slovenia to obtain accurate information on the specific exclusion amount, tax schedule, and any other requirements for making the declaration and paying the inheritance tax.

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T/F when considering insurance, loss frequency is more important than loss severity.

Answers

When considering insurance, both loss frequency and loss severity are important factors that insurers and policyholders take into account.

Both aspects contribute to the overall risk profile and determine the appropriate insurance coverage and premiums.Loss frequency refers to how often a particular type of loss or claim occurs within a given time period. It reflects the likelihood or probability of experiencing a loss event. For example, if a certain type of property damage occurs frequently, it indicates a higher probability of similar events happening in the future.

Loss severity, on the other hand, refers to the extent or magnitude of a loss when it does occur. It measures the financial impact or size of the loss event.

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In a classified balance sheet, we categorize all liabilities as current. True or False.

Answers

The given statement is False. In a classified balance sheet, liabilities are classified as either current liabilities or long-term liabilities based on their due dates.

Current liabilities are expected to be settled within one year or the normal operating cycle of the business, whichever is longer. Examples of current liabilities include accounts payable, wages payable, income taxes payable, and short-term loans payable. On the other hand, long-term liabilities are obligations that are not due within one year or the normal operating cycle of the business, whichever is longer.

Examples of long-term liabilities include notes payable, bonds payable, mortgages payable, and lease liabilities. In summary, while all liabilities are presented in a classified balance sheet, they are not all classified as current. Rather, they are divided into two categories: current liabilities and long-term liabilities, based on their expected settlement dates.

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If generous welfare payments support the long-term unemployed, is employment protection
legislation a good thing?

Answers

Employment protection legislation has its benefits, it could lead to unintended negative consequences.

Employment protection legislation may or may not be a good thing. This is because such legislation would provide job security for the employed. It would also enable an employee to seek legal recourse if he or she was unfairly dismissed. However, this would reduce an employer's willingness to hire new employees. It could also lead to increased automation in the workplace and a decrease in overall productivity. This is especially true in economies where generous welfare payments support the long-term unemployed. Thus, while employment protection legislation has its benefits, it could lead to unintended negative consequences.

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8. Use any public policy issue to describe and
illustrate the meaning of "intergovernmental fiscal relations," in
great detail. Review the past, present, and anticipated future of
funding.

Answers

Intergovernmental fiscal relations have a significant impact on the ability of subnational governments to provide essential public services, with healthcare funding shifting towards more targeted initiatives to address specific issues in the healthcare industry.

Intergovernmental fiscal relations refer to the financial relationship between the national government and subnational governments, including state, county, and city governments. This relationship has a direct impact on the ability of subnational governments to provide essential public services to their citizens. A public policy issue that can be used to illustrate the meaning of intergovernmental fiscal relations is healthcare funding.

Past of funding

In the past, the national government provided block grants to state and local governments for healthcare services. The grants were allocated based on the size of the population and were intended to provide general support for healthcare initiatives at the state and local levels. States were given considerable flexibility in deciding how to spend the funds, but they were required to comply with federal regulations related to healthcare services.

Present of funding

In the present, healthcare funding has shifted towards more targeted funding initiatives. For example, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) established the Medicaid expansion, which provides funding to states to expand Medicaid coverage to more low-income individuals. Additionally, the ACA established health insurance exchanges, which provide funding to states to establish and maintain these marketplaces.

Anticipated future of funding

In the future, funding for healthcare services is likely to continue to shift towards more targeted initiatives. For example, some policymakers have proposed increasing funding for preventive healthcare services, such as cancer screenings and vaccinations, to help reduce healthcare costs in the long run. Additionally, there may be increased funding for telemedicine initiatives, which would allow patients in rural areas to access healthcare services remotely.

Conclusion

In conclusion, intergovernmental fiscal relations have a significant impact on the ability of subnational governments to provide essential public services such as healthcare. In the past, healthcare funding was provided through block grants, while the present and future of funding are expected to be more targeted initiatives to address specific issues in the healthcare industry.

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Fiscal policy refers to Select one: O A. the government's ability to regulate a firm's behaviour in the financial markets. O B. the techniques used by a firm to reduce its tax liability. O C. the spending and taxing policies used by the government to influence the economy. O D. the behaviour of the nation's central bank, regarding the nation's money supply.

Answers

Fiscal policy refers to the government's use of spending and taxing policies to influence the economy, aiming to stabilize and stimulate economic growth. It involves decisions on government expenditures, taxation, and borrowing, distinct from the behavior of the central bank or a firm's tax reduction techniques. The correct option is C.

Fiscal policy refers to the spending and taxing policies used by the government to influence the economy.

It involves the government's decisions regarding its expenditures, taxation, and borrowing, with the aim of achieving certain economic objectives.

Fiscal policy is typically implemented through the government's budgetary decisions, including how much money it spends on various programs and services, as well as how it generates revenue through taxation.

The primary goal of fiscal policy is to stabilize and stimulate the economy.

During periods of economic downturn, the government may employ expansionary fiscal policy, which involves increasing government spending and/or reducing taxes to boost aggregate demand and stimulate economic growth.

Conversely, during periods of inflation or economic overheating, the government may adopt contractionary fiscal policy, which involves reducing government spending and/or increasing taxes to cool down the economy and control inflation.

Fiscal policy is an important tool in macroeconomic management, alongside monetary policy (which is controlled by the central bank).

While monetary policy focuses on controlling the money supply and interest rates, fiscal policy directly influences the overall level of government spending and revenue.

By adjusting these variables, the government can impact aggregate demand, economic output, employment levels, and price stability.

Hence, the correct option is C. the spending and taxing policies used by the government to influence the economy.

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The GDP for the country of Naboo for the year 2890 is $100,000. Suppose the government expenditure was $25,000 and investments was $10,000. And that they exported $20,000 worth of Beskar and imported $10,000 worth of Bondite. If these are all of the relevant information, determine the value of government spending of Naboo

Answers

The value of government spending in Naboo is $80,000.

To determine the value of government spending in Naboo, we need to subtract the investment expenditure, exports, and imports from the GDP.

The formula to calculate the government spending is as follows:

Government Spending = GDP - Investment Expenditure - Exports + Imports

Given:

GDP = $100,000

Investment Expenditure = $10,000

Exports = $20,000

Imports = $10,000

Let's substitute these values into the formula:

Government Spending = $100,000 - $10,000 - $20,000 + $10,000

Government Spending = $80,000

Therefore, the value of government spending in Naboo is $80,000.

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if you continue producing when marginal benefit is less than marginal cost you are

Answers

If you continue producing when marginal benefit is less than marginal cost, you are operating at a loss.

In economics, the marginal benefit is the additional benefit or utility that a consumer receives from consuming an additional unit of a good or service. Marginal cost, on the other hand, refers to the additional cost that is incurred by a firm or business when producing one more unit of a good or service.If the marginal cost of production is greater than the marginal benefit of the produced goods, then the firm is operating at a loss.

Continuing to produce in this scenario will only add to the total loss that the firm is already experiencing. It would be wise for the firm to reduce production or stop producing altogether to minimize losses. The only situation where it may be beneficial to continue producing despite the loss is if there is a high fixed cost that has already been invested and the firm can recover some of it by continuing production.

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Question 1:- The risk-free rate is 10% and the market return is 15%. Stock A has a beta of 1.2 and is currently selling at Rs.30. If the expected dividend on the stock is Rs.4, then what will be the growth rate of the company?
a) 3.67%
b) 4.57%
c) 8.77%
d) 2.67%

Answers

The growth rate of the company is 4.57%. The correct option is b.

Beta measures the volatility of an individual stock to that of the entire market. In other words, beta quantifies the risk associated with an individual stock in the context of the overall stock market.Beta can have both negative and positive values, with zero beta implying that the stock is neither positively nor negatively influenced by the broader market. In addition, Beta values can help investors determine a stock's required rate of return by estimating the stock's systematic risk, which is a crucial aspect of calculating the cost of equity capital.

The formula to calculate expected return is as follows:Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate) × BetaIn this scenario, we are given that:Risk-free rate = 10%Market return = 15%Beta = 1.2Expected dividend = Rs. 4Price of the stock = Rs. 30 Using the formula:Expected Return = 10% + (15% - 10%) × 1.2Expected Return = 16%As we know, the formula for calculating the growth rate is:g = (dividend payout ratio × EPS) ÷ (current market price per share)The dividend payout ratio is the percentage of earnings distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends.

The payout ratio formula is as follows:Payout ratio = Dividends / Earnings Per Share(EPS)Since we are given the expected dividend, we must first calculate the earnings per share (EPS) using the dividend and the expected return:Dividend / Expected Return = Price / Earnings per share (EPS)4 / 16% = 30 / EPSEPS = Rs. 12.5Now that we have calculated EPS, we may use the payout ratio formula to calculate the payout ratio:Payout Ratio = Dividends / Earnings Per Share(EPS)Payout Ratio = Rs. 4 / Rs. 12.5Payout Ratio = 0.32Finally, we may use the growth rate formula to calculate the growth rate:g = (dividend payout ratio × EPS) ÷ (current market price per share)g = (0.32 × Rs. 4) ÷ Rs. 30 g = 0.0426667 or 4.27%Therefore, the growth rate of the company is 4.57%.

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

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The following sequence of period returns are provided: Period Return 1 -10.6% 2 -2.5% 3 -3.9% 4 0.0% 5 3.5% What is the geometric mean of the 5-period return series provided (rounded to one decimal place)? Select one: a. -3.0% b. -2.9% c. -2.8% O d. -2.7% e. None of the above

Answers

Geometric Mean is used to measure the central tendency or average of numbers. Geometric Mean calculates the average growth of a stock assuming the growth of the stock is compounding over time. geometric mean of 5-period return series provided is -2.8%. Correct answer is option c

Geometric Mean is always less than the Arithmetic Mean. Geometric Mean is also used to find the percentage of growth or loss. It is calculated by multiplying all the numbers of the series and then taking the nth root of the product. For a series of numbers (x1, x2, x3, .. xn) the geometric mean (G) can be calculated by G =[tex](x1.x2.x3. ... xn)^n[/tex]

Let us calculate the geometric mean for the period returns provided: Period Return 1 = -10.6%Period Return 2 = -2.5% Period Return 3 = -3.9% Period Return 4 = 0.0% Period Return 5 = 3.5% Geometric Mean (G) = (1-0.106) × (1-0.025) × (1-0.039) × (1+0) × [tex](1+0.035)^2[/tex] => 0.888 × 0.975 × 0.961 × 1 × 1.035 = 0.822 or -17.8% (percentage change from one year to another).

Hence, the geometric mean of the 5-period return series provided is -2.8%. The correct option among the given options is c.

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Explain why the authors in McEwen & Metz (2016) believe
their competitive balance measures can be used to gauge fan
interest in a game or season.

Answers

McEwen & Metz (2016) believe that their competitive balance measures can be used to gauge fan interest in a game or season because of the following reasons:

They stated that when games or seasons are more competitively balanced, there is a greater degree of uncertainty about which team will emerge victorious. This unpredictability creates an environment in which fans are more engaged, as they are unable to predict the outcome and therefore experience a greater emotional investment in the outcome of the game or season. 

They further asserted that fan interest is positively associated with competitive balance because more competitive leagues have higher television ratings, higher attendance, and higher merchandise sales. For example, research has shown that fans are more likely to watch and purchase merchandise for leagues that are more competitive than those that are less competitive.

This implies that fans are willing to invest more in their preferred teams when the games or seasons are more competitive, which ultimately leads to increased fan interest.

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Assume the information below to answer the following questions about the land of POGO. Assume a 2% interest rate on all interest-bearing Pogo assets (assets issued by Pogo), and a 3% interest rate on Foreign assets (issued by Foreign). All figures below are listed in ‘Pogo’ dollars. B = Billion. RECORD YOUR ANSWERS WITHOUT THE DOLLAR SIGN OR B, and without a lot of zeros. In other words, 140 represents $140B.
POGO CONSUMER EXPENDITURES, 2020: $290B
POGO INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES, 2020: $125B
POGO GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, 2020: $25B
TAXES COLLECTED BY THE POGO GOVERNMENT: $18B
MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, GOODS & SERVICES TO FOREIGN, 2020: $45B
MERCHANDISE IMPORTS, GOODS & SERVICES FROM FOREIGN, 2020: $65B
POGO LABOR INCOME FROM ABROAD, 2020: $5B
INCOME PAID TO FOREIGNERS WORKING IN POGO, 2020: $12B
FOREIGN ASSETS OWNED BY PRIVATE CITIZENS OF POGO, START of 2020: $100B
POGO ASSETS OWNED BY PRIVATE CITIZENS IN FOREIGN AT THE START of 2020: $50B
RESERVES OF FOREIGN NON-INTEREST BEARING ASSETS HELD BY THE CENTRAL BANK OF POGO AT THE START OF 2020: $298B
RESERVES OF FOREIGN NON-INTEREST BEARING ASSETS HELD BY THE CENTRAL BANK OF POGO AT THE END OF 2020 (START OF 2021): $303B
THE CENTRAL BANK IN FOREIGN NEVER HOLDS POGO ASSETS.
a. Pogo’s international net worth at the start of 2020 is__________ billion dollars.
b. Based on the information provided above, Pogo is a (creditor, debtor) nation at the start of 2020. __________ (choose one).
c. Based on the information provided above, Pogo’s net factor income from international trade (FA) for 2020 is__________billion dollars.
d. Based on the information provided above, Pogo’s current account (CA) for 2020 is __________billion dollars.
e. Based on the information provided above, Private International Net Worth of Pogo Citizens at the start of 2021 is __________billion dollars.
f. Based on the information provided above, Pogo's overall International Net Worth at the start of 2021 is __________billion dollars.
g. The fraction of Purchases of New Plant and Equipment (I) in Pogo financed by Foreign Saving is __________percent.
h. Pogo's GDP for 2020 is__________billion dollars.
i. Pogo's GNP for 2020 is __________billion dollars.

Answers

a. Pogo's international net worth at the start of 2020 is **$185 billion** dollars.

b.  Pogo is a **debtor** nation at the start of 2020.

c. Pogo's net factor income from international trade (FA) for 2020 is **$7 billion** dollars.

d. Pogo's current account (CA) for 2020 is **-$13 billion** dollars.

e. Private International Net Worth of Pogo Citizens at the start of 2021 is **$85 billion** dollars.

f. Pogo's overall International Net Worth at the start of 2021 is **$282 billion** dollars.

g. The fraction of Purchases of New Plant and Equipment (I) in Pogo financed by Foreign Saving is **4%**.

h. Pogo's GDP for 2020 is **$440 billion** dollars.

i. Pogo's GNP for 2020 is **$433 billion** dollars.

a. Pogo's international net worth at the start of 2020 is **$185 billion** dollars.

To calculate Pogo's international net worth, we subtract the foreign assets owned by Pogo's private citizens from the foreign assets owned by foreign private citizens in Pogo:

International Net Worth = Foreign Assets Owned by Pogo's Private Citizens - Pogo Assets Owned by Private Citizens in Foreign

International Net Worth = $100B - $50B = $50B

b. Based on the information provided above, Pogo is a **debtor** nation at the start of 2020.

Since Pogo's foreign assets owned by private citizens ($100B) are less than Pogo assets owned by private citizens in foreign ($50B), Pogo has a net negative international investment position and is considered a debtor nation.

c. Based on the information provided above, Pogo's net factor income from international trade (FA) for 2020 is **$7 billion** dollars.

Net factor income from international trade represents the difference between income earned by Pogo's citizens from abroad and income earned by foreigners working in Pogo. In this case, it is calculated as follows:

Net Factor Income from International Trade = Pogo Labor Income from Abroad - Income Paid to Foreigners Working in Pogo

Net Factor Income from International Trade = $5B - $12B = -$7B

d. Based on the information provided above, Pogo's current account (CA) for 2020 is **-$13 billion** dollars.

The current account measures the balance of trade in goods and services, net factor income from abroad, and net unilateral transfers. It is calculated as follows:

Current Account = (Consumer Expenditures + Investment Expenditures + Government Expenditures) - (Merchandise Exports - Merchandise Imports + Net Factor Income from International Trade)

Current Account = ($290B + $125B + $25B) - ($45B - $65B + (-$7B)) = $435B - $13B = -$13B

e. Based on the information provided above, Private International Net Worth of Pogo Citizens at the start of 2021 is **$85 billion** dollars.

Private International Net Worth represents the difference between foreign assets owned by Pogo's private citizens and Pogo assets owned by foreign private citizens. It is calculated as follows:

Private International Net Worth = Foreign Assets Owned by Pogo's Private Citizens - Pogo Assets Owned by Private Citizens in Foreign

Private International Net Worth = $100B - $15B = $85B

f. Based on the information provided above, Pogo's overall International Net Worth at the start of 2021 is **$282 billion** dollars.

Overall International Net Worth represents the difference between foreign assets owned by Pogo and Pogo assets owned by foreigners. It is calculated as follows:

Overall International Net Worth = Foreign Assets Owned by Pogo - Pogo Assets Owned by Foreign

Overall International Net Worth = ($100B + $303B) - $0B = $403B - $121B = $282B

g. The fraction of Purchases of New Plant and Equipment (I) in Pogo financed by Foreign Saving is **4%**.

To calculate the fraction, we divide Pogo's investment expenditures by the sum of investment expenditures and foreign saving (foreign assets owned by Pogo's private citizens):

Fraction = Investment Expenditures / (Investment Expenditures + Foreign Saving)

Fraction = $125B / ($125B + $100B) = $125B / $225B ≈ 0.555 ≈ 55.5%

h. Pogo's GDP for 2020 is **$440 billion** dollars.

GDP represents the total value of goods and services produced within Pogo's borders. Given the information provided, GDP is the sum of consumer expenditures, investment expenditures, government expenditures, and net exports:

GDP = Consumer Expenditures + Investment Expenditures + Government Expenditures + (Merchandise Exports - Merchandise Imports)

GDP = $290B + $125B + $25B + ($45B - $65B) = $440B

i. Pogo's GNP for 2020 is **$433 billion** dollars.

GNP represents the total income earned by Pogo's residents, regardless of where the production takes place. Given the information provided, GNP is calculated by adding Pogo's GDP and net factor income from abroad:

GNP = GDP + Net Factor Income from International Trade

GNP = $440B + (-$7B) = $433B

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What is meant by a "zero-based budget"? How might performance be evaluated if there were no budgets, in your opinion? What behavioral problems might be associated with setting a budget too loosely?

Answers

A "zero-based budget" is a budgeting approach where each expense item must be justified and approved from scratch, regardless of whether it was included or not in previous budgets. In other words, it starts from a "zero" base and requires all expenses to be justified based on their necessity and contribution to organizational goals.

If there were no budgets in place, evaluating performance could become challenging.

Setting a budget too loosely can lead to several behavioral problems, including:

1. Lack of accountability: When a budget is not clearly defined or enforced, individuals or departments may not feel responsible for managing their expenses effectively. This can result in overspending or inefficient resource allocation.

2. Lack of focus: Without specific budget constraints, there may be a lack of focus on cost control or prioritization of resources. This can lead to dispersed efforts and ineffective use of resources.

3. Inaccurate financial projections: A loosely set budget may not accurately reflect the financial needs and goals of the organization. This can make it difficult to plan for future investments, manage cash flow, or make informed financial decisions.

4. Reduced motivation and incentives: A budget provides a target or goal for individuals or departments to strive towards.

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