▶ Refraction Definitions :
The bending of light from its straight line path when it travels from one medium to another.
▶Definition: The change in direction of a ray of light when it passes through one media to another with differing optical densities.
▶Definition: A change in the direction of travel of light, sound, or other waves crossing a boundary
▶ Definition: change in direction of light ray when passing one medium to another.
in The US- Which states had the darkest skies
Answer:
The Cosmic Campground, New Mexico
Explanation:
It's THE darkest place in the United States, located in the Gila National Forest in New Mexico
Which of the following statements explains why viruses are considered non-living?
Question 2 options:
A)viruses are too small.
B)Some viruses have RNA for genetic material instead of DNA.
C)Viruses have no nucleus to contain their genetic material.
D)Viruses require a host cell in order to reproduce.
Please help! if you don't know the answer just don't answer or you will get reported.
1. Describe one observation that supports the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic organisms
2.Explain how a symbiotic relationship like the one described in the endosymbiotic theory would have benefited each cell.
Answer: hope the below answers will help
Explanation:
1 and 2 in this paragraph
SKILLS TO DEVELOP
Briefly describe what is meant by the endosymbiotic theory.
Give some evidence supporting the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts may have arisen from prokaryotic organisms.
It is thought that life arose on earth around four billion years ago. The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in today's eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. In this theory, the first eukaryotic cell was probably an amoeba-like cell that got nutrients by phagocytosis and contained a nucleus that formed when a piece of the cytoplasmic membrane pinched off around the chromosomes. Some of these amoeba-like organisms ingested prokaryotic cells that then survived within the organism and developed a symbiotic relationship. Mitochondria formed when bacteria capable of aerobic respiration were ingested; chloroplasts formed when photosynthetic bacteria were ingested. They eventually lost their cell wall and much of their DNA because they were not of benefit within the host cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot grow outside their host cell.
Evidence for this is based on the following:
Chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells, divide by binary fission, and, like bacteria, have Fts proteins at their division plane. The mitochondria are the same size as prokaryotic cells, divide by binary fission, and the mitochondria of some protists have Fts homologs at their division plane.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA that is circular, not linear.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes that have 30S and 50S subunits, not 40S and 60S.
Several more primitive eukaryotic microbes, such as Giardia and Trichomonas have a nuclear membrane but no mitochondria.
Although evidence is less convincing, it is also possible that flagella and cilia may have come from spirochetes.
Figure 7.8.1 : One model for the origin of mitochondria and plastids. This model has an amitochondriate eukaryote engulfing an aerobe and then a cyanobacterium. Image used with permission from Kelvinsong
EXAMPLE 7.8.1
Briefly describe what is meant by the endosymbiotic theory.
Give three points of evidence supporting the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts may have arisen from prokaryotic organisms.
Solutions
The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is circular, not linear.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes which have 30S and 50S subunits, not 40S and 60S.
Summary
The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chlopoplasts in today's eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotic microbes.
Contributors
Dr. Gary Kaiser (COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF BALTIMORE COUNTY, CATONSVILLE CAMPUS)
Question 1 (1 point)
Which diagram best shows the flow of energy through a community with three trophic levels? (Sorry, B and D are cut off, but the image is "mirrored").
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
Which two organ systems help provide materials that are necessary for cellular respiration? * 1 point Respiratory and Digestive Respiratory and Circulatory Digestive and Circulatory Respiratory and Excretory
Answer:
digestive respirtory
Explanation:
Hemoglobin is a protein that binds to oxygen. It is only produced by red blood cells and it allows blood to transport oxygen throughout the body.
What statement does this information best demonstrate?
explain how gas is compressed into liquid in a gas barrel
Explanation:
A gas can be converted into a liquid by increasing the pressure & decreasing temperature. So that the condensation occurs. You must also make the molecules closer so that it is a phase change from a gas to liquid. In liquids, the molecules are very near than that of gases.
Why is the nitrogen cycle important for the survival of organisms in an ecosystem? A. The nitrogen cycle recycles nitrogen through an ecosystem, making it available to all organisms. B. The nitrogen cycle keeps organisms from consuming nitrogen in their ecosystem. C. The nitrogen cycle allows all organisms in an ecosystem to consume nitrogen instead of consuming each other. D. The nitrogen cycle stores nitrogen in safe places, keeping it from entering an ecosystem.
Answer: A.) The nitrogen cycle recycles nitrogen through an ecosystem, making it available to all organisms.
Explanation: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants and a significant component of proteins, which all animals need to grow, reproduce and survive. The nitrogen cycle converts nitrogen into compounds that plants and animals can use.
Homeostasis can require the control of many different variables in organisms. Homeostasis regarding internal body temperature is very important for many organisms. How is this different among ectotherms and endotherms?
Answer:
The term homeostasis refers to balance, where an organism seeks to maintain the balance of the temperature of its organism in order to persist in life.
There are organisms that are considered ectotherms, with which they release heat to the external environment in order to balance said increase in temperature and not denature their own proteins (such as enzymes, structural proteins, receptors, second messengers, etc.). On the other hand, in the case of endotherms, take energy from the medium to increase your body temperature and maintain it, since otherwise you could enter hypothermia.
In the human organism these principles occur both, not simultaneously, but according to the external temperature in which the human is, ectothermic / catabolic processes in heat stages and endothermic or anabolic processes in the cold stage.
Explanation:
In simple words, endotherm is the heat taken from the medium and exotherm or ectotherm is the release of heat to the medium.
This is so simple in objects, but in living organisms these processes have a reason, and that is why we explained above, when looking for a constant temperature these processes are responsible for mediating balance.
Which characteristics of a force can be measured?
intensity and temperature
friction and power
direction and magnitude
input and output
Answer:
Either A or C but A is a bit more true
Explanation:
You can measure one on option C but you can measure both
on answer A. Hope this helps you out.
Some bacteria make people sick because they produce poisons called
a. toxins
b. antibiotics
c. infections
d. enzymes
toxins
hihihihihihihihihihihihihi hi
Answer:toxins
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Food contains a sugar called , which is broken down in a process called cellular . This process uses to break down food molecules and provide energy for cells.
Answer:
I think it is glucose.i hope this helps!
Explanation:
Answer:
the correct answers are glocose, respiration, and oxygen
Explanation:
i got it right
What is the answer pls
Answer:
The placenta is where nutrients and wastes are exchanged.
Explanation:
When the mother takes in nutrients, the nutrients that goes to the fetus comes through the placenta.
A box has 400 J of gravitational potential energy and weighs 100 N how many meters above the ground is it
Answer:
4 meters
Explanation:
The formula for gravitational potential energy is mgh, where m is the mass of the object in kilograms, g is the gravity, and h is the height in meters. You can use this to set up the following equation:
400=100 * h
h=4 meters
Hope this helps!
The gravitational potential energy is 400J of the box whose weight is 100N. Therefore, the height for which box is above the ground is 4 meters.
What is Gravitational Potential energy?
Gravitational potential energy is the energy which an object possesses because of its position above the ground level in a gravitational field such as the gravitational field of the Earth. The gravitational acceleration of the Earth can be assumed to be constant at about 9.8 m/s².
The gravitational potential energy can be calculated by the formula:
G.P.E = m × g × h
where, G.P.E = Gravitational Potential Energy,
m = mass of an object,
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²,
h = height which the box attains
G.P.E = w × h (Since, w = m × g)
h = G.P.E. / w
h = 400J / 100N
h = 4 meters
Therefore, the height of the object is 4 meters.
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Which of these describes the gravitational force from a planet?
Choose the correct answer.
large and pulls objects toward itself
small and pulls objects toward itself
large and pushes objects away from itself
small and pushes objects away from itself
A biogeochemical cycle is a pathway for chemicals necessary for life to move through the environment.
true
false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Biogeochemical cycle is a pathway for chemicals necessary for life to move through the environment.
Your body is composed of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Most of these elements go through different biogeochemical cycles to move through the environment to you or from you to the environment.
PPLZZZZ HELPP!!!
Thank you if you can
Answer:
i believe that the answer is A
Explanation:
Answer:
Answer is A)
Explanation:
hope this helps :))
The images above all illustrate the presence of a vestigial structure. What is this structure and why is it no longer used for its original function? A) Sacral vertebrae have disappeared in modern man. They are no longer needed as man stood more and more upright. B) Lumbar vertebrae. As man became bipedal, the vertebrate became shorter and wider. These particular vertebrate disappeared. C) Coccyx or tailbone is the remnant of a lost tail. The tail was used for gripping as well as an aid in balance and mobility. D) Iliac blade. This part of the pelvis was shortened and widened as a requirement for keeping the center of gravity stable while walking.
Answer:
C, the Coccyx
Explanation:
What types of living and nonliving things does a gray fox’s ecosystem include?
Answer:
The gray fox, or grey fox, is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, widespread throughout North America and Central America. This species and its only congener, the diminutive island fox of the California Channel Islands, are the only living members of the genus Urocyon, which is considered to be the most basal of the living canids.
The grey fox, sometimes known as the grey fox, is a in North and Central America that belongs to the Canidae family. This variety and its sole congener, the tiny island fox of Californian.
What do meant by ecosystem?An ecosystem is a region where a bubble of life is created by plant, animals, and other things interacting with the weather, environment, and other factors. Abiotic variables, or inanimate matter parts, coexist with biotic components in ecosystems. Plants, animals, and certain other life are biotic factors.
Why the ecosystem is important?Healthy ecosystems keep our soil in perfect shape, purify the air, regulate the climate, animal wastes, and provide us with food. For the creation of remedies and other things, they provide resources and raw materials. They are the backbone of all civilizations and the drivers of our economies. The fundamental ecological unit is an ecosystem. Both abiotic stresses elements are involved. Way living things connect to each other and their surrounds is referred to as an ecosystem.
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cell theory teaches that
Answer:
all living things are made of cells, cells come from other cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.
Explanation:
hope this helped! :3
The way of synthesizing food in green plants and autotrophic bacteria are same. Do you agree with the statement? Give reason.
Answer:
I do not agree with this statement.
Explanation:
Plants and some bacterias are autotrophic, meaning that they manufacture their own food from basic elements using an energy source in an anabolic process. Plants mostly utilize sunlight which they trap with the help of their green pigmentation called chlorophyll. Bacteria on the other hand mostly get their energy source by splitting chemical compounds, utilizing the liberated bond energy of the compound (examples is the sulfur bacteria) to fuel their food building process.
What can farmers use to prevent the harming of beneficial insects?
a.
spray insecticides
c.
new pesticides
b.
natural pest control
d.
non-aerosol insecticides
Answer:
Natural pest control
Explanation:
Because its a way to be eco friendly using natural sources which does not harm insects
20 Points Easy
True or False
Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.
_______ 14. Precipitates are the solid materials left behind after a liquid evaporates.
_______ 15. As magma cools, different crystals form in the process known as metamorphism.
_______ 16. When a rock melts completely it can become the metamorphic rock migmatite.
_______ 17. The rock cycle describes the transformation of one type of rock to another.
_______ 18. When sediments become sedimentary rock they often have changes in composition.
_______ 19. The White House is made of pink sandstone that was painted white.
_______ 20. Fossils are the remains of once-living organisms.
Answer:
True 14. Precipitates are the solid materials left behind after a liquid evaporates.
True 15. As magma cools, different crystals form in the process known as metamorphism.
False 16. When a rock melts completely it can become the metamorphic rock migmatite.
True 17. The rock cycle describes the transformation of one type of rock to another.
False 18. When sediments become sedimentary rock they often have changes in composition.
True 19. The White House is made of pink sandstone that was painted white.
True 20. Fossils are the remains of once-living organisms.
Environmental conditions can affect food quality? True or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Environmental conditions can affect plants and crops which will affect food quality.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
When a region is unable to supply the volume of certain ingredients due to extreme weather, the entire global food and beverage supply chain is affected. ... But with extreme weather, the demand can suddenly outweigh the supply, having effects on the economy as well.
How do adaptions affect a species?
A. They prevent independent assortment.
B. They make the species more likely to survive.
C. They make the species less likely to survive.
D. They give the species less genetic diversity.
HELP!!
Answer:
Explanation:
B. :) For example, camels have adapted to the scorching heat they survive in. Adaptations help a species live. :D If I helped please mark brainliest!
Adaptations affect a species by making the species more likely to survive. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Species?Species may be defined as a cluster of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.
Adaptations may be defined as the process through which an organism makes itself better to be suited to the natural environment.
It increases the chances of a particular species surviving and reproducing in a natural environment.
Therefore, adaptations affect a species by making the species more likely to survive. Thus, the correct option is B.
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Describe how C. parvum obtains the glucose it needs for glycolysis after it has infected another cell. Explain the role of lactate dehydrogenase in enabling C. parvum to continue producing ATP by glycolysis.
Answer:
Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan pathogen that obtains glucose either directly from its host or by the degradation of polysaccharides.
Explanation:
C. parvum only can produce ATP by glycolysis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a universal enzyme required to synthesize pyruvate, which is the final product of the glycolysis process. This enzyme has been subject of research to understand the metabolism and evolution of apicomplexan parasites, including C. parvum.
Cryptosporidium parvum is a pathogenic agent that causes the disease cryptosporidiosis. The pathogen obtains glucose directly from the host. It can also obtain by the breakdown of polysaccharides.
C. parvum produces ATP through glycolysis. The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is used by the C. parvum to generate metabolic ATP. It generates this ATP through the glycolytic pathway. The enzyme allows the conversion of NADH to NAD+. NAD+ is necessary for glycolysis to produce ATP. Metabolic energy plays a crucial role in the growth and proliferation of the pathogen in the host.
Some of the features of C. parvum are:
It consists of a unique lactate dehydrogenase enzyme to yield ATP. It causes the disease in the gastrointestinal tracts. The pathogen is used for research and understand its ability to obtain ATP directly from the host.Therefore, C. parvum consists of enzyme lactate dehydrogenase that helps in energy production through the glycolytic pathway.
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Why are hydrothermal vents capable of nurturing deep-sea life?
A. They warm the water, creating a favorable temperature range for deep-sea life.
B. They provide migratory routes for underground bacteria to emerge on the sea floor.
C. They provide nutrients from Earth’s surface, which the deep-sea creatures can feed on.
D. They provide the right conditions for the formation of chemicals, which bacteria can use as a source of energy.
E. They provide migratory routes for vent creatures to emerge onto the sea floor, which deep-sea life can feed on.
Answer:
They provide the right conditions for the formation of chemicals, which bacteria can use as a source of energy.
Explanation:
D in Plato.
Primary succession occurs in an area that has:
1).Soil
2).Some soil
3).No soil
4).None of these
Answer:
3, No Soil
Explanation:
Your heart is an example of a(n) __________.
tissue
organ
cell
organ system
Answer:
Organ
Explanation:
The organ system is a group of organs. A cell is the basic unit of life. Tissue is what’s between cells and organs.
Your heart is an example of a(n) organ. A group of cell form a tissue, A group of tissue combine to form a organ.
Thus, Your cardiovascular system, which consists of a network of blood vessels that pumps blood throughout your body, is mostly composed of your heart.
It also interacts with other bodily systems to regulate your blood pressure and heart rate. Your lifestyle, family history, and medical history are all factors that determine how well your heart functions.
A fist-sized organ, the heart circulates blood throughout your body. It serves as your circulatory system's main organ. Four major muscle-driven chambers make up your heart; they are each powered by electrical impulses. Your nerve system and brain control how your heart beats.
Thus, Your heart is an example of a(n) organ. A group of cell form a tissue, A group of tissue combine to form a organ.
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How does temperature play an important role in biomes ?
Answer:
Temperature plays an extreme role of what activities and inhabitants are in such biome. For example, a polar bear would do well in a Tundra Biome, but not a Hot Desert Biome, since the polar bear is conditioned for the cold and its main source of energy are seals which inhabits cold seas!
Explanation:
