3. In the table above, which is NOT a physical
change in size or shape? sc.8.P.9.2

Since the reaction is

We would first need to balance it, but we can see that it was already balanced.

So, we can just apply the stoichiometry.

Assuming all the Na₂O react, we can just compair the coefficients of Na₂O and NaOH to calculate how much we need.

From the equation, we see that each 1 mol of Na₂O produce 2 moles of NaOH, so using rule of three we have:

Na₂O --- NaOH

x --- 1.57 mol

1 mol --- 2 mol

So we have the relation:

So, we need 0.785 mol of Na₂O.

The temperature of the gas at the end of the compression stroke is 697.4 K.

The final temperature of the gas is calculated by applying ideal gas equation as shown below;

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

where;

T₂ = P₂V₂T₁ / P₁V₁

T₂ = (17.7 x 82.2 x 325) / (0.959 x 707)

T₂ = 697.4 K

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To verify if an equation is balanced, you have the count each one of the present atoms on both sides of it. Let's count on each one of the options until finding the one that's balanced:

A.

The Ag and the K are not balanced.

B.

It means that this equation is balanced.

The answer is B.

The statement comparative investigations do not require a hypothesis is False because we need to test this assumption (Option B).

A scientific hypothesis is an explanation about a given question that emerges by observing characteristics of the real world, which is tested (either confirmed or rejected) by the use of the scientific method.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that a scientific hypothesis is a given explanation about different questions that need to be confirmed by the scientific method, which may involve experimentation and or observation procedures.

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Because we need to evaluate this assumption, the claim that comparative investigations do not require a hypothesis is false.

A scientific hypothesis is defined as an explanation for a particular question that arises from observing features of the real world and is put to the test via the scientific process. It can either be verified or rejected.

With the use of this information, we can see that a scientific hypothesis is a predetermined answer for a range of issues that has to be verified through the scientific method, which may entail experiments or other methods of observation.

Thus, because we need to evaluate this assumption, the claim that comparative investigations do not require a hypothesis is false.

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Explanation:

The reaction between potassium (K) and bromine (Br2) produces potassium bromide (KBr).

K + Br2 --> KBr

Now we need to balance the equation. For this, we need to equate the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

So in the reactants side:

K - 1

Br - 2

Products side:

K - 1

Br - 1

Let's multiply KBr by 2:

K(s) + Br2 → 2KBr(s)

Now we need to balance K:

2K(s) + Br2 → 2KBr(s)

Let's count again:

Reactants side:

K - 2

Br - 2

Product side:

K - 2

Br - 2

2K(S) + Br2 → 2KBr(S)

Answer: 2K(s) + Br2 → 2KBr(s)

The element that can bond with titanium (Ti) in order to form a polar covalent bond is nitrogen (abbreviated as N).

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond in which two different atoms interact due to differential electronegative charges. A polar covalent bond is formed in the case that differential electronegativity between atoms that may share negatively charged electrons through a covalent bond.

In consequence, a polar covalent bond is a special class of covalent bond where atoms show an unequal distribution in the covalent bond.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that polar covalent bonds represent a special class of covalent bonds where the atoms form a bond but they are distributed in an equal way, which occurs between titanium and nitrogen due to their electronegative charges and therefore unequal distribution of these charges.

Complete question:

Which element can bond with titanium (Ti) to form a polar covalent bond?A.

beryllium (Be)

B.

fluorine (F).

C.

manganese (Mn)

D.

nitrogen (N)

E.

oxygen (0)

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Answer:

...........................

Dalton's atomic theory states that the atom is an indivisible particle, but modern theory denies this and states that the atom consists of elementary particles, protons, electrons and neutrons.

Dalton's postulates of atomic theory:

1) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.

2) During chemical reactions, atoms combine, separate, or rearrange. They are combined in simple proportions.

3) All elements are made up of indivisible particles called atoms.

4) The atoms of the given elements are identical. They have the same mass and volume.

Hypotheses of modern atomism:

1) All matter is made of atoms.

2) Atoms consist of protons, electrons and neutrons.

3) Atoms of an element can have different masses. (similar to isotopes)

4) The ratios in which elements are combined may not be straightforward.

Similarities:

1) All elements/matter are made up of atoms.

2) Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.

3) Chemical reactions combine, separate, or rearrange atoms.

Differences:

1) Dalton's theory states that the atom is an indivisible particle, but modern theory denies this and states that the atom consists of elementary particles, protons, electrons and neutrons. They are called divisible particles.

2)Dalton's theory said that atoms of the same element have the same mass and volume, but according to modern theory atoms of the same element have different masses (like isotopes). It is said that you can have

3) Dalton said that atoms are bound in simple relationships, but modern theories refute this.

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First thing we need to do is identify this element, with the number of protons we can use it to predict which element it is, since number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an atom, therefore this atom has 74 protons and 74 of atomic number, this is the atom Tungsten (chemical symbol W). Now, tungsten is in a position of the periodic table in which it is not easily possible to precit its ionic charge, as almost all transition elements, but some experimental charts give us the information that W has a +6 charge, this means that in a ionic form, Tungsten will have 68 electrons

The energy that is provided by the spark of the match is called the activation energy.

The term activation energy is the energy that is required for a reaction to start up. We know that a spontaneous reaction refers to the type of reaction that is able to proceed on its own once it has started. It does not require a continuous supply of energy to proceed.

In this case, the energy that is required to start off the reaction is the activation energy ad that is what is provided by the match that sparks.

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The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in water differ from the bonds between hydrogen and carbon in hydrocarbon's covalent bond.

Ionic bonds basically donate electrons to other atoms involved in the bond, whereas in covalent bonds electrons are shared equally between atoms. Only pure covalent bonds occur between identical atoms. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. An ionic bond is formed when two or more ions come together and are held together by a difference in charge.

There are two main types of bonds formed between atoms ionic bonds and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is formed when an atom gains or donates one or more valence electrons to another atom. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share valence electrons. Polar covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared unevenly between atoms, whereas non-polar covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared more evenly between atoms.

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The equilibrium expression of the given chemical equation Kc =

[tex]\frac{(CaCO_{3} ) (H_{2} )^{4} }{(CaO) (CH_{4} ) (H_{2} O)^{2} }[/tex]

Equilibrium expression of a chemical equation is defined as the equations equilibrium constant which is the rate constant for the forward reaction divided by the rate constant for the reverse reaction.

The equilibrium expression (Kc)of a chemical equation can be written using the following formula:

KC= [C] [D].../[A] [B] ...

Therefore to show the equilibrium expression of the following equation:

Kc = [tex]CaO + CH_{4} + 2H_{2} O --- > CaCO_{3} + 4H_{2}[/tex]

kc = [tex]\frac{(CaCO_{3} ) (H_{2} )^{4} }{(CaO) (CH_{4} ) (H_{2} O)^{2} }[/tex]

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A 3.75 g piece of gold, initially at 587.15 K, is dropped into 20.6 mL of 295.75 K water. The final temperature is 291.4 K.

Temperature is defined as a measure of hotness or coldness expressed on any of several arbitrary scales and indicating the direction in which heat energy will spontaneously flow that is, from a hotter to a colder body.

To calculate the final temperature

ΔT = T1 - T2

Where T1 = 587.15 K

           T2 = 295.75 K

ΔT = 587.15 - 295.75

ΔT = 291.4 K

Heat capacity of gold is

q = mcΔT

q = 3.75 x 0.129 x 291.4

q = 140.96 J

Thus, a 3.75 g piece of gold, initially at 587.15 K, is dropped into 20.6 mL of 295.75 K water. The final temperature is 291.4 K.

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The sentence best summarizes the law of conservation of mass is a) The total amount of mass does not change during a chemical reaction.

The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction the mass neither be created nor be destroyed.

for example :

CH₄   +    2O₂    ----->    CO₂   +   2H₂O

the mass of reactants is = 16 g + 64 g = 80 g

the mass of products is = 44 g + 36 g = 80 g

it is clear from the above that :

The mass of reactants = The mass of Products

Thus , The sentence best summarizes the law of conservation of mass is a) The total amount of mass does not change during a chemical reaction.

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Chemistry =>The periodic table => Ion

Ions form when a neutral element gains or loses electrons. The number of electrons you gain or lose will depend on the valence electrons, that is, the electrons in the last energy level.

When the valence electrons are less than 4, the element will lose its electrons when it becomes an ion. If the element has more than 4 valence electrons, it will tend to gain electrons when becoming an ion.

Let's see the valence electrons of the elements, the valence electrons can be found in the periodic table:

I. Hydrogen: 1 valence electron

II. Helium: 2 valence electron (It is a noble gas with one energy level)

III. Iron: 2 valence electron

IV. Fluorine: 7 valence electron

V. Gallium: 3 valence electron

We see that elements that have less than 4 valence electrons are Hydrogen, Helium, Iron, and Gallium.

Helium is a special case since it has a single energy level with two electrons, so it is a stable element and it will hardly become an ion. So, we do not take helium into account.

Therefore, the answer will be Hydrogen, Iron, and Gallium.

Answer: D. I, III, and V

From the images, the gas 2 has a greater pressure compared to gas 1 because it has more particles that are colliding.

The term pressure of a gas refers to the force with which the gas hits the walls of the container. We know that the pressure of the gas depends on the number of the molecules of the gas. According to one of the gas law, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas.

We now have to look at the image properly. It is clear that the image that is on the right hand side has more gas molecules thus it has a greater pressure compared to the gas on the left hand side.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the mass of carbon (iv) oxide produced

We start by writing the equation of reaction as follows:

Now, we need to get the mass of propane that reacted

We can get that by multiplying the density of propane by its given volume

Mathematically, we have that as:

From here, we get the actual number of moles of propane that reacted

We can get that by dividing the mass by the molar mass of propane

The molar mass of propane is 44 g/mol

The number of moles is thus:

From the balanced equation:

1 mole of propane gave 3 moles of carbon (iv) oxide

104/44 mol will give x moles

We have the value of x as:

To get the mass of carbon (iv) oxide produced, we multiply the number of moles above by the molar mass of carbon (iv) oxide

The molar mass of carbon (iv) oxide is 44 g/mol

Thus, we have the mass as:

The final temperature of the solution assuming that no heat is lost 22.14°C.

The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass (1 kg) of a substance by one degree.

As the beaker is insulated so the heat gain by ethanol will be equal to the heat lost by water.

Q = m c ΔT

The mass of the ethanol, m₁ = density × Volume = 0.789 × 45 = 35.5 g

The density and volume of water are 1.0 g/ml and 45 ml respectively.

The mass of the water, m₂ = density × Volume =  45 g

Heat gained by ethanol = Heat lost by water

m₁ × C₁× (T₂ - T₁) = - m₂ × C₂ ×(T₂ - T₁')    ------------(1)                      

The initial temperature of ethanol, T₁ = 8° C

The initial temperature of the water, T'₁ = 28.6° C

The specific heat of ethanol, C₁ = 2.42J/(g⋅°C)

The specific heat of water, C₂ = 0.450 J/g°C

Substitute the values in the above-written equation (1)

35.5 × 2.42J/(g⋅°C × (T₂ - 8° C) = 45 × (4.184 J/g°C) ×(28.6°C - T₂)

T₂ - 8° C = 2.192  ×(28.6°C - T₂)

T₂ - 8° C  = 62.68 -  2.192 T₂

3.192 T₂ = 70.68

T₂ = 22.14 °C

Hence, the final temperature of the mixture is equal to 22.14°C.

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The answer to this question depends on the specific context in which urban and industrial development is taking place. However, in general, these sectors often practice improper and mismanaged sewage systems due to a lack of understanding or awareness of the potential environmental impacts of their activities.

Urban and Industrial development:
An agrarian economy becomes a manufacturing economy through the process of industrialization. Manual and specialised employees are replaced by assembly lines and mass production. In the past, this process has sparked urbanisation by generating economic expansion and employment possibilities that entice people to live in cities.

When one or more factories are built in an area, urbanisation usually starts since there is a great need for factory workers. The factories are subsequently followed by other enterprises, like those that produce buildings, sell goods online, and offer services to consumers. As a result, there are more occupations created and housing needs are increased, creating an urban area.

In many cases, engineers and other technical professionals are present in these sectors but are not consulted or involved in the decision-making process regarding sewage systems. This can lead to a situation in which the systems are not designed or operated in an environmentally sustainable manner.

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   The ability to exert a force that causes an item to move is what is meant by the definition of energy as the "power to accomplish work." Even though the definition is unclear, the meaning is clear: energy is simply the force that moves things.

   Following is the order of energy needed for excitation of various transitions. Transition n* uses the least energy, whereas transition * uses the most energy. Since the n* transition has a larger wavelength, it takes the least energy.

      A periodic table can be used to predict electron configurations. The least energetic and most stable configuration is the ground state configuration. A higher energy configuration is called an excited state configuration (it requires energy input to create an excited state). The electrons used in bonds are valence electrons.

     An electron receives and releases energy in the form of light energy during transition. The energy change E Delta E E of the electron is equal to the energy of the photon E E E absorbed/released during the transition.

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Answer:

There are two properties that can be used to identify an element: the atomic number or the number of protons in an atom.

Explanation:

The number of neutrons and number of electrons are frequently equal to the number of protons, but can vary depending on the atom in question.

l hope it will be helpful for you.

High power objectives according to its function is that it is Magnifying because it makes the specimen viewed bigger. That is option D.

Microscope is defined as a laboratory instrument that has the ability to magnify objects placed before it which an ordinary eye can not observe.

There are various type of microscope which include the following:

The microscope makes use of its various lens to magnify the object that is placed before it. The various power of objectives include:

Therefore, according to the function of a high power objectives, it makes images appear bigger and magnified.

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The complete balanced equation for the given reaction is expressed as;

Given the following parameters

Mass of CH4 = 5.90×10^−3 g = 0.0059grams

Determine the moles of methane

According to stoichimetry, 1 mole of methane produces 2 moles of water, hence the moles of water required will be:

Determine the mass of water produced

Therefore the mass of water produced from the complete combustion of 5.90×10−3 g of methane is 1.33 * 10^-2grams

9.22 g of chlorine gas is produced by 5.83 litre of chlorine gas. 8.49 litre of neon is produced by 0.379 mol of neon.

1. Given chemical reaction produce 0.379 mole of neon at STP.

 We have to find the volume of the neon gas.

Now,

 At STP we know that,

1 mol of neon = 22.4 litre

0.379 mol of neon = 0.379 × 22.4 litre

Volume of neon = 8.49 litre

2. Given,

Volume of hydrogen gas = 50.45 litre

no. of moles of hydrogen =?

Now,

We know that,

 22.4 litre = 1mole of hydrogen

 50.45 litre of hydrogen = 50.45/22.4 mole of hydrogen

Moles of Hydrogen = 2.25 mole of hydrogen

3. Given ,

 Volume of chlorine gas = 5.83 litre

Mass of Chlorine = ?

Now,

we know that,

22.4 litre of chlorine = 35.45 g

5.83 litre of chlorine gas = 35.45×5.83/22.4 g of chlorine gas

Mass of Chlorine Gas = 9.22 g of chlorine gas

Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that, 9.22 g of chlorine gas is produced by 5.83 litre of chlorine gas.

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Explanation:

Geometric isomerism occurs especially in open-chain compounds that have a double bond between at least two carbon atoms, with each carbon atom of the double having its bonded groups different from each other.

We have:

Cis: Equal linking groups are on the same side of the spatial plane;

Trans: Equal ligand groups are on opposite sides of the spatial plane.

The molecule of question 20 has equal ligand groups on opposite sides of the spatial plane.

It means that is it a trans isomer of 2-butene.

Answer: c. trans-2-butene

In the subsequent reaction, 12 electrons are transported. 3O2(g) + B2H6(g) = B2O3(s) + 3H2O(l).

Oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously in this kind of chemical reaction. Electrons are lost or gained during oxidation and reduction, respectively. Example: The interaction between copper and zinc.

Give each atom its its oxidation number.

2. Compare the product side's and reactant side's oxidation numbers.

3. Two elements' oxidation numbers in a redox reaction shift from the reactant side to the product side.

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According to the explanation given in a previous session, now we have to use the same molarity formula to find the number of moles of CaCl2, let's set up the formula and add the values:

M = n/V

4.9 = n/0.750

n = 4.9*0.750

n = 3.675 moles of CaCl2

Now to find the mass in grams, we need both the number of moles, 3.675 moles, and also the molar mass of CaCl2, which is, 110.98g/mol

110.98g = 1 mol

x grams = 3.675 moles

x = 407.85 grams of CaCl2

Air bags are activated when a severe impact causes a steel ball to compress a spring and electrically ignite a detonator cap. This causes sodium azide (NaN₃) to decompose explosively according to the following reaction.

2NaN₃(s) --> 2 Na(s) + 3 N₂(g)

grams of NaN₃(s) must be reacted in order to inflate an air bag to 65.5 L at STP is 125.45 g.

The given reaction is :

2NaN₃ --> 2 Na + 3 N₂

at stp , pressure = 1 atm

           temperature 273 K

PV = nRT

n = PV / RT

  = ( 1 × 65.5 ) / 0.082 × 273

no. of moles  = 2.93 moles of N₂

from the equation it is clear that :

3 moles of N₂ corresponds to 2 mole of NaN₃

2.93 moles of N₂ = ( 2/3 ) × 2.93 = 1.93 moles of NaN₃

Mass of NaN₃ = no. of moles × molar mass

                       = 1.93 × 65

                       = 125.45 g

Thus , Air bags are activated when a severe impact causes a steel ball to compress a spring and electrically ignite a detonator cap. This causes sodium azide (NaN₃) to decompose explosively according to the following reaction.

2NaN₃(s) --> 2 Na(s) + 3 N₂(g)

grams of NaN₃(s) must be reacted in order to inflate an air bag to 65.5 L at STP is 125.45 g.

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The actual theoretical and the ratio is [tex]\frac{NH3}{O_{2} }[/tex], therefore the limiting reagent is    [tex]O_{2}[/tex]I is 0.8.

Convert the mass to moles:

40.0 grams of NH3 / 17.03 g/mol = 2.35 moles NH3

50.0 grams of O2 / 31.998 g/mol = 1.56 moles O2

Get the actual ratio:

NH3/O2 = 2.35 / 1.56 = 1.5

The theoretical ratio is 4 NH3 to 5 O2, that is:

(NH3/O2)theo = 4 / 5 = 0.8

Limiting reagents are substances that are completely consumed at the end of a chemical reaction. They are also called limiting agents or limiting precursors. According to the stoichiometry of chemical reactions, a certain amount of reactants is needed to complete the reaction. Consider the following reaction for the formation of ammonia:

3H2 N2 → 2NH3

In the above reaction, 3 moles of hydrogen gas are required to react with 1 mole of nitrogen gas to form 2 moles of ammonia. But what if only 2 moles of hydrogen gas are available for 1 mole of nitrogen during the reaction?

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