1.0 mL of 6.0 M HCl is added to 100 mL of a buffer that contains equal moles of acetic acid (CH₃COOH, Ka = 1.8 x 10-5) and sodium acetate (Na(CH₃COO). The pH of the solution before HCl added is 4.74.
The buffer solution is defined as the mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The pH of buffer solution is calculated by using Henderson-Hasselbalch formula which is given as
pH=pKa+log([base]/[acid])
In the given solution, acetic acid is an acid and sodium acetate is a base. If we have moles for both solution, then concentration will replaced by base and formula is written as
pH=pKa+log(base/acid)
When moles of acid and base are equal then, (base/acid)=1 and log(base/acid)=0. Then, the formula will be
pH=pKa
pKa is calculated by the formula
pKa=-log(Ka)
∴pKa=-log(1.8×10⁻⁵)
pKa=4.7447=4.74
∴pH=pKa=4.74
Therefore, the pH of a buffer solution before HCl added is 4.74.
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true or false. at the equivalence point, an equal number of moles of acid and base have reacted, resulting in a neutralization.
At the equivalence point, an equal number of moles of acid and base have reacted, resulting in a neutralization. TRUE
A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and salt and includes the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water. The neutralization of a robust acid and strong base has a pH equal to 7.
Neutralization or neutralization is a chemical response wherein an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no extra hydrogen or hydroxide ions present inside the solution.
Neutralization is the response of an acid with a base that affects the pH transferring towards 7. it's miles a useful manner that takes place in regular lifestyles which include the treatment of acid indigestion and the treating of acidic soil by using lime. Neutralization additionally actions the pH of an alkali down in the direction of seven.
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For the following set of atoms and ions, arrange the members in order of decreasing size: Rank items from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Co3+ , Fe3+, Fe2+
The following set of atoms and ions, arrange the members in order of decreasing size: Rank items from largest to smallest : Fe²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Co³⁺.
The electronic configuration of Co³⁺ is 3d⁶ 4s⁰. The electronic configuration Fe²⁺ is 3d⁶ 4s⁰ and the electronic configuration of Fe³⁺ is 3d⁶ 4s⁰. atomic size decreases as we move from left to right in a period atomic size decreases and the as the nuclear charge increases the atomic size decrease. so the order of the atomic size in the decreasing order is Fe²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Co³⁺.
Thus, The following set of atoms and ions, arrange the members in order of decreasing size: Rank items from largest to smallest : Fe²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Co³⁺.
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What is the primary structure of albumin?.
The mature human albumin has a molecular weight of 66,348 Da and 585 amino acids. HSA is a globular, heart-shaped protein with a recurrent arrangement of six helical subdomains.
What kind of structure would that be?Examples of load-bearing structures include buildings, cars, skeletons, anthills, beaver dams, bridges, and salt domes. The infrastructure of a human society is made up of buildings and other things that are the outcomes of construction.
Simple definition of "structure"A structure is something made up of numerous pieces that are put together. A sentence, your body, an outhouse, or a skyscraper all qualify as structures. Structure is derived from the Latin word structura, which meaning "a fitting together, building."
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write out the full electron configuration of the period 2 element with the following successive ionization energies g
Boron (B) is the element whose IE matches with our data.
Electronic Configuration of boron : 1s22s22p1
What is Electron configuration ?The arrangement of an atom's or molecule's electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals is known as the electron configuration in atomic physics and quantum chemistry.
Divide the periodic table into pieces to represent the atomic orbitals, the areas where electrons are stored, in order to determine an electron configuration. The s-block is represented by groups one and two, the d-block by groups three through twelve, the p-block by groups thirteen to eighteen, and the f-block by the bottom two rows.The atomic number of the alkali metal sodium is 11. The electronic setup will therefore be 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 1.One orbital can house a maximum of two electrons, and there are four different types of orbitals (s, p, d, and f). More electrons can be held in the p, d, and f orbitals since they contain various sublevels. According to its location on the periodic table, each element's electron configuration is distinct.One orbital can house a maximum of two electrons, and there are four different types of orbitals (s, p, d, and f). More electrons can be held in the p, d, and f orbitals since they contain various sublevels. According to its location on the periodic table, each element's electron configuration is distinct.What is ionization energies ?Ionization energy, also known as ionisation energy, is the minimal amount of energy needed to liberate the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule in physics and chemistry.
The ionization energy measures an element's ability to participate in chemical processes that call for the creation of ions or the donation of electrons. It is often connected to the type of chemical bonds that exist between the components in the compounds they form. See also electron affinity and binding energy.To know more about Electron configuration please click here ; https://brainly.com/question/26084288
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What removes the most carbon from the atmosphere?.
Photosynthesis removes the most carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Trees are particularly adept at storing carbon removed from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide naturally. The power of photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide in the air into carbon stored in wood and soils, can be tapped into when forests are expanded, restored, and managed to encourage more carbon uptake.
Even though forest fires and deforestation reduce forests' net absorption, they still manage to absorb approximately 1.5 times as much CO2 as the United States emits.
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which of the following is the correct net ionic equation of the neutralization reaction between hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution? responses
HF +NaOH --------> NaF + H₂O is the net ionic equation for the reaction between HF (a weak acid) and NaOH.
When hydrogen fluoride and sodium hydroxide react, sodium fluoride and water are produced. The reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction and is often used to produce a buffer solution.
Hydrogen fluoride is a very strong acid and sodium hydroxide is a very strong base, so when they react, they produce a salt (sodium fluoride) and water.
The reaction is exothermic and produces a lot of heat, so it is important to use a large excess of sodium hydroxide to ensure the reaction is complete and that the heat is dissipated.
The reaction also produces a large amount of hydrogen gas, which can be dangerous if not vented properly. In summary, when hydrogen fluoride and sodium hydroxide react, sodium fluoride and water are produced, along with a lot of heat and hydrogen gas.
The net ionic equation is as follows:
HF +NaOH --------> NaF + H₂O
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How does milk of magnesia magnesium hydroxide cure an upset stomach?.
magnesium hydroxide is an osmotic laxative, that is that it works by pumping water into the intestines, which helps in producing bowel movement.
This medicine is used to relieve sporadic constipation. It is an antacid that reduces the stomach's acid production. Magnesium hydroxide lowers stomach acid and raises gut water levels, which may encourage bowel motions. Magnesium hydroxide is a laxative used to treat sporadic constipation. Magnesium hydroxide is also employed as an antacid to treat heartburn, indigestion, and sour stomach.
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predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar. ch3f, tef4, xef4, ci4, nh3, gah3
Polar molecules are- CH3F, NH3, TeF4, XeF4 and Non polar molecules- GaH3 and CI4.
The smallest particle of a substance has all the physical and chemical homes of that substance are called molecules. If a molecule comprises a couple of atoms, the atoms may be the same (an oxygen molecule has oxygen atoms) or unique (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom).
Molecules are of 3 sorts: The molecule of an atom, the Molecule of an element, and the Molecule of a compound.
While atoms combine by using forming covalent bonds, the ensuing collection of atoms is known as a molecule. we are able to consequently say that a molecule is the best unit of a covalent compound.
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How many more erroneous manually filed returns will there be than erroneous electronically filed returns?.
Tax returns submitted manually have such a 20% chance of being inaccurate, whereas those submitted electronically have such a 0.05% probability.
What does the term "electronic transmission" mean?The movement of data or information via a recognized electronic data interchange system, such as computer networks and modems, is referred to as "electronic transmission." Physical documents are represented by digital records (even if they originated in digital format)
Does "electronic" refer to "online"?The movement of data or information via a recognized electronic data interchange system, such as computer networks and modems, is referred to as "electronic transmission."
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Draw the structure of the nucleophile required to form each of the following compounds after reacting with 1-iodobutane in an SN2 reaction:
(pic)
Sodium propeoxide compounds reacting with 1-iodobutane in an SN2 reaction will form 1 ethoxy propone..
A bond has been broken as well as another was created simultaneously during the nucleophilic substitution process known as the SN2 reaction.
One kind of molecule will react with another kind of molecule then it will form another kind of compound, such process is named as chemical reaction.
When 1-iodobutane is treated with sodium prope oxide then it will form 1 ethoxy propone.
The reaction can be expressed as:
The question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Draw the structure of the nucleophile required to form each of the following compounds after reacting with 1-iodobutane in an SN2 reaction:
(i) 1-ethoxy propane
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for each compound write a complete reaction equation showing the removal of the atoms that become the water molecule
Carboxylic group (-COOH) converts into ester (−COCH3) during the reaction of salicylic acid with methanol so, reaction is known as esterification.
The product methyl 2− hydroxyl benzoate is known as the oil of wintergreen. Oil of wintergreen is naturally produced organic ester.
1) Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen)
Salicylic acid and methanol undergo esterification reaction in presence of acid catalyst to give methyl salicylate and water.
Salicylic acid is odorless and white Solid Methanol is colourless volatile liquid having pungent odour or smell. Methyl salicylate is colourless liquid having sweet and fruity smell
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a box has a square base of side x and height h. (a) find the dimensions x, h for which the volume is 16 and the surface area is as small as possible.
The correct answer is 2.51 by 2.53.
The formula for calculating the volume of the square box is expressed as:
V = x²h
Given that the volume of the box is 16, on substituting the value we will have
h = v / x²
h = 16 / x²
The surface area of the box is expressed as:
S = 2(x² + xh + xh)
S = 2(x² +2hx)
S = 2[x² + 2(16/x²)x]
S = 2[x² + (32/x)]
S = 2x² + (64/x)
To get the surface area is as small as possible, then dS/dx = 0
dS/dx = 4x - (64/x²)
0 = 4x - (64/x²)
4x = (64/x²)
4x³ = 64
x³ = 64/4 = 16
x = ∛16
x = 2.51
Get the height of the box. Recall that:
h = 16 / x²
= 16 / (2.51)²
= 16 / 6.3
h = 2.53 m
Hence the dimension for which the volume is 16 and the surface area is as small as possible are 2.51 by 2.53.
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Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of carbon disulfide (cs2) from its elements given that.
The standard enthalpy of formation of carbon disulfide (CS₂) from it's elements is; ΔHorxn = 85.3kJ/mol
To calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of Carbon disulfide (CS₂) from it's elements, given the following;
C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/molC(graphite) + O2(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/molS(rhombic) + O₂(g) → SO₂(g) ..............eqn(2)C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/molS(rhombic) + O₂(g) → SO₂(g) ..............eqn(2)ΔHorxn = −296.4 kJ/molC(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/molS(rhombic) + O₂(g) → SO₂(g) ..............eqn(2)ΔHorxn = −296.4 kJ/molCS2 + 3O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2SO₂(g)C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/molS(rhombic) + O₂(g) → SO₂(g) ..............eqn(2)ΔHorxn = −296.4 kJ/molCS₂ + 3O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2SO₂(g) ΔHorxn = −1073.6 kJ/molWe need to manipulate the set of equations above such that we have C(graphite) and S(rhombic) on the reactant side of the net equation and Carbon disulfide (CS₂).
We need to multiply equation (2) by 2 so that we now have 2SO₂ on the product side.
Also, we need to multiply equation (3) by -1 so that the CS₂ moves to the product side of the equation; so that we have;
C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)
C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/mol
C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/mol2S(rhombic) + 2O₂(g) → 2SO₂(g) ........eqn(2)
C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/mol2S(rhombic) + 2O₂(g) → 2SO₂(g) ........eqn(2)ΔHorxn = −296.4 kJ/mol × 2 = -592.8kJ/molC(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/mol2S(rhombic) + 2O₂(g) → 2SO₂(g) ........eqn(2)ΔHorxn = −296.4 kJ/mol × 2 = -592.8kJ/molCO₂(g) + 2SO₂(g) → CS₂ + 3O₂(g)C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g); .............eqn(1)ΔHorxn = −393.5 kJ/mol2S(rhombic) + 2O₂(g) → 2SO₂(g) ........eqn(2)ΔHorxn = −296.4 kJ/mol × 2 = -592.8kJ/molCO₂(g) + 2SO₂(g) → CS₂ + 3O₂(g)ΔHorxn = −1073.6 kJ/mol × -1 = 1073.6kJ/molTherefore, the net equation is the algebraic sum of all the equations; so that we get the enthalpy as;
C(graphite) + 2S(rhombic) → CS₂
ΔHorxn = (-395.5 - 592.8 + 1073.6) kJ/mol
ΔHorxn = 85.3kJ/mol.
Therefore, the standard enthalpy of formation of carbon disulfide (CS₂) from it's elements is ΔHorxn = 85.3kJ/mol
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[THIS IS AN INCOMPLETE QUESTION. THE COMPLETE QUESTION IS:
Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of carbon disulfide (CS2) from it's elements, given that C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔH o rxn = −393.5 kJ/mol S(rhombic) + O2(g) → SO2(g) ΔH o rxn = −296.4 kJ/mol CS2 + 3O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2SO2(g) ΔH o rxn = −1073.6 kJ/mol ]
References) CH3 он N(CH2CH3)s CI H3C Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is often used as a catalyst in esterification reactions. A basic solvent such as triethylamine is used to react with the liberated proton from the alcohol group. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism Instructions H3C NHMe3 H3C O
Esterification is the process of mixing an organic acid (RCOOH) with an alcohol (ROH) to produce an ester (RCOOR) and water,
What is the purpose of esterification reaction?Typically, esterification is utilized as a test reaction for novel carbonaceous acid catalysts. The nature of the carbon surface can influence catalytic performance in this process.Esterification is the process of mixing an organic acid (RCOOH) with an alcohol (ROH) to produce an ester (RCOOR) and water, or a chemical reaction that produces at least one ester product. Ester is formed by the esterification of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.Esterification, a process in which a carboxylic acid and an alcohol are heated in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst to create an ester and water: The response can be reversed.To learn more about Esterification refer,
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Answer:
-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) is a derivative of pyridine with the chemical formula (CH3)2NC5H4N. This colourless solid is of interest because it is more basic than pyridine, owing to the resonance stabilisation from the NMe2 substituent.
Explanation:
In the case of esterification with acetic anhydrides the currently accepted mechanism involves three steps. First, DMAP and acetic anhydride react in a pre-equilibrium reaction to form an ion pair of acetate and the acetylpyridinium ion. In the second step the alcohol adds to the acetylpyridinium, and elimination of pyridine forms an ester. Here the acetate acts as a base to remove the proton from the alcohol as it nucleophilically adds to the activated acylpyridinium. The bond from the acetyl group to the catalyst gets cleaved to generate the catalyst and the ester. The described bond formation and breaking process runs synchronous concerted without the appearance of a tetrahedral intermediate. The acetic acid formed will then protonate the DMAP. In the last step of the catalytic cycle the auxiliary base (usually triethylamine or pyridine) deprotonates the protonated DMAP, reforming the catalyst. The reaction runs through the described nucleophilic reaction pathway irrespective of the anhydride used, but the mechanism changes with the pKa value of the alcohol used. For example, the reaction runs through a base-catalyzed reaction pathway in the case of a phenol.occurs in agreement with the markovnikov rule.
Who was the first person to propose spontaneous generation?.
One of the first authors to express the hypothesis of spontaneous generation—the idea that life can emerge from inert matter—was senior Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC).
What does it mean to be spontaneous?When someone is referred to be spontaneous, it suggests they tend to act spontaneously and without planning or are recognized for doing so. This is often shown in a positive light to represent them as an engaging some one who is brave and prepared to do things by accident.
How can one become more impulsive?You need to be curious and open-minded in order to step outside of his comfort zone and take new things if you want to be spontaneous.
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Abby mixes 2 moles hydrogen with 1 mole oxygen to produce water. she expects to produce 2 moles water, but she captures 1.5 moles water. in this case, the value 1.5 moles represents which type of yield? actual yield theoretical yield
The 1.5 moles of water represent the actual yield of the chemical reaction.
What is the theoretical yield of the reaction?The theoretical yield of the reaction can be described as the amount of product determined from stoichiometric calculations. The actual yield can be described as the amount of the product which is experimentally obtained.
The given chemical equation of the reaction of Hydrogen and oxygen.
[tex]2H_2(g) +O_2(g)\longrightarrow 2H_2O (g)[/tex]
Given the 2 moles of hydrogen with 1 mole of oxygen to produce 2 moles of water. Therefore, 2 moles of water is the theoretical yield.
After the reaction 1.5 moles of water is actually obtained, therefore 1.5 moles of water is representing the actual yield.
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Is BaO ionic or covalent?.
The BaO has an ionic bond.
Ionic bonds generally occur between metallic and non-metallic elements. Therefore, the bonds formed are ionic, since there is a bond between metals and non-metals. Therefore, BaO has ionic bonds. The bond between BaO is called an ionic bond because the valence electrons move. Since Ba is a metal and O is a nonmetal, the bond between them is ionic.
Barium nitrate is an ionic compound. Barium is metal and nitrate is a polyatomic ion a group of non-metals. BaO is a hygroscopic compound whose chemical name is barium oxide. It is also called barium monoxide raw barium oxide and calcined barite. It is widely used as a desiccant for solvents in cathode ray tubes catalytic converters and crown glass.
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g \he mass is increased by a factor of four. what is true about the period? choose the best answer. the period doubles. the period increases by a factor of four. the period decreases by a factor of four. the period is halved.
In harmonic motion if the mass of the attached body is increased by a factor of four . The truth about the period is that the period will remain unchanged.
The physical explanation behind the relationship between mass and period is that the period T does not depend on the mass of the object, but on the length of the rope or cord to which the mass of the object is attached.
When the mass of the attached body is quadrupled. What applies to the period is that the period does not change.
In other words, if you put four pendulums of the same length but different masses on different strings, the pendulums will produce the same period.
From the simple pendulum formula
period T = 2π
Therefore, we can conclude from the above equation that the period T depends on the length of the chord rather than the mass. So suppose the mass of the attached body increases by a factor of 4. What applies to the period is that the period does not change.
your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question was
The mass is increased by a factor of four. What is true about the period? Choose the best answer.
The period remains unchanged.The period increases by a factor of four.The period is halved.The period doubles.The period decreases by a factor of four.learn more about harmonic motion brainly.com/question/14932567
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compare and contrast electrophoresis and chromatography. list four total similarities and/or differences. reddit
Four similarities between electrophoresis and chromatography are:
1. Both the techniques are based on separation of molecules.
2. Both the techniques separate molecules based on the physical or chemical properties of the components to be separated.
3. A solvent is required to run the sample in the both techniques.
4. The principles of size exclusion chromatography and electrophoresis are nearly identical where the molecules are separated based on their geometry and size and move through pores.
Four dissimilarities between electrophoresis and chromatography are:
1. In case of electrophoresis, the separation is based on the different rates of migration in an electric field. In case of chromatography, the separation is based on the chemical species' partition coefficient.
2. In case of electrophoresis, the electric field that exists between charged particles in one medium and another causes the sample's particles to migrate. In case of chromatography, the partitioning of components between the mobile phase and stationary phase causes the sample's particles to migrate.
3. Electrophoresis can be carried out in liquid and solid components. Chromatography can be carried out in liquid, solid and gaseous components.
4. The electrophoresis technique is typically applied to samples that are microscopic in nature. Chromatography is employed when a big volume of the material needs to be evaluated.
What is electrophoresis?It is a laboratory procedure which is used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules according to their size and electrical charge. The molecules under the influence of electric current through a gel or other matrix.
What is chromatography?It is an analytical process of separating the mixture constituents. The mixture is dissolved in mobile phase to start the process, which then gets transported through the stationary phase.
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what is the final chloride ion concentration when 34. g zncl2 is dissolved in enough water to make 696. ml of solution? the molar mass of zncl2 is 136.3 g/mol.
Final chloride ion concentration is 1.03 mol / Cl- L when 34. g of zncl2 have been dissolved in 696. ml of water.
What is chloride ion ?The anion Cl⁻ is the chloride ion. When the element chlorine gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents, it is formed. Chloride salts like sodium chloride are frequently very soluble in water.It is an electrolyte found in all bodily fluids that is responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating liquid flow into and out of cells.Less frequently, the word chloride may appear in the "common" name of a chemical compound containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.First we need to convert zncl2 to moles:
34 g zncl2 x 1 mole zncl2/ 136.3 g = 0.24 mol zncl2
Given the molecular formula, we have three chlorine atoms for every mole of zncl2
0.24 mol zncl2 x 3 mole Cl-/ 1 mole zncl2 = 0.72 mol Cl-
Now we will divide this by the volume of the solution as liters
696 ml x 1 L/ 1000 mL = 0.696 L
Concentration = 0.72 mol Cl- / 0.696 L = 1.03 mol / Cl- L
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why must the crude alkyl halide be carefully dried with anhydrous calcium chloride before distillation
Because if it isn't dry, your distillate is probably going to contain some water vapor.
Why is careful drying of the alkyl halide product with anhydrous calcium chloride necessary before distillation?Distillation always carries over some water vapour if there is water present, even if the substance being distilled is a volatile alkyl halide. This can be avoided by drying the result, which is obviously a bad idea if you're aiming to create an organometallic reagent. Simply pouring NEAT liquid down a Pasteur pipette with glass wool on the stopper and basic alumina within will dry small amounts of alkyl halide. When I had a Grignard reaction, I would always do this.To learn more About water vapor refer to:
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in molecular orbital (mo) theory, we postulate that the combination of atomic orbitals on different atoms forms molecular orbitals (mos) so that electrons in them belong to the molecule as a whole. vb and mo theories are alternative descriptions of chemical bonding. they have strengths and weaknesses, so they are complementary. vb theory is descriptively attractive, and it lends itself well to visualization. mo theory give better descriptions of electron cloud distributions, bond energies, and magnetic properties, but its results are not as easy to visualize. the number of molecular orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbirtals that are combined. when two atomic orbitals are combined, one of the resulting mos is at a lower energy than the original atomic orbitals; this is a bonding orbital. the other mo is at higher energy than the original atomic orbitals; this is an antibonding orbital. molecular orbital (mo) theory treats a molecules as a collection of nuclei with mos delocalized over the entire structure.
Another approach to think about molecule orbitals is via the lens of molecular orbital theory. Unlike the valence bond's lone pair of electrons and localized bond.
What constitutes a molecular orbital theory postulate?The following are the postulates of the molecular orbital theory: Similar to how an atom's electrons are found in different atomic orbitals, a molecule's electrons are found in a variety of molecular orbitals. Atomic orbitals with appropriate symmetry and equivalent energy combine to generate molecular orbitals.
What unique aspect of MO theory does other bonding theories not account for?According to MO theory, molecular bonds are just nuclei trading electrons. contrary to the VB theory, which views the electrons as localized hybrid electron density orbitals. According to MO theory, the electrons are delocalized.
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if your silver chloride undergoes extensive photodecomposition before you determine its mass will your results be high or low?
The Ag will weigh less than the AgCl and your results will be poor because photodecomposition releases Cl2 from AgCl according to the equation 2AgCl ==> 2Ag + Cl2.
A chemical reaction in which photons break down the molecules of a chemical compound is known as photodissociation, photolysis, photodecomposition, or photofragmentation. It is described as occurring when one or more photons interact with a single target molecule. It is not just visible light that causes photodissociation. a chemical compound being broken down using photons or light energy. For instance, under the influence of light, the water molecule underwent photodecomposition during photosynthesis. The hydrogen binds to an acceptor as a result of photon absorption, releasing the oxygen. With the help of polymer stabilizers, which are frequently used, photodegradation of plastics and other materials can be prevented. Antioxidants are among these additions; they stop the process of deterioration.
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What is proper MLA citation example?.
The author's last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase is extracted are used in MLA citations, for example : (Sam 163). Do not include a page number in the parenthetical citation if the source does not utilize page numbers: (Sam)
In the liberal arts and humanities, MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most frequently used to compose papers and cite sources. Brief parenthetical citations in the text that are keyed to an alphabetical list of the works cited at the end of the work are a feature of the MLA style.
In the humanities and liberal arts, the MLA style is often used. The manuscript text and parenthetical citations, often known as in-text citations, are formatted according to MLA standards. It also serves as the structure for the list of references and works cited section at the conclusion of the essay. MLA format prioritizes conciseness and clarity. It is advantageous for you to be familiar with both primary writing formats as a student writer, and this section will define the key components of MLA as well as provide particular instances of frequently used references.
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How is an ion formed short answer?.
Ions are formed by the addition of electrons to, or the removal of electrons from, neutral atoms or molecules or other ions.
Ions, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged ions, anions. By combination of ions with other particles; or by rupture of a covalent bond between two atoms in such a way that both of the electrons of the bond are left in association with one of the formerly bonded atoms. Ions are formed when the number of protons in an atom does not equal the number of electrons.
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What are 5 characteristics of ionic compounds?.
Characteristics of ionic compounds are
1. They develop crystals.
2. Both their melting and boiling points are very high.
3. They are fragile and hard.
4. Compared to molecular molecules, they have higher fusion and vapourization enthalpies. When dissolved in water, they act as an electrical conductor.
5. Ionic solids are excellent insulators because they do not conduct electricity.
What are ionic compounds ?An ionic compound in chemistry is a chemical complex made up of ions kept together by electrostatic forces known as ionic bonding. Although the molecule is mostly neutral, it contains positively charged ions known as cations and negatively charged ions known as anions.
The entire valence electron transfer between atoms is known as ionic bonding. Two ions with opposing charges are produced as a result of this kind of chemical connection. Ionic bonding result in a metal losing electrons to become a positively charged cation and a nonmetal accepting those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.Learn more about Ionic compounds here:
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Is potassium and oxygen ionic or covalent?.
The ionic compound potassium oxide is created when potassium and oxygen are combined..
How can an ionic substance be recognized?Ionic bonding will typically be present in compounds where a metal is bound to either a non-metal or indeed a semi-metal. Molecular compounds are those that contain just non-metals or semi-metals combined with non-metals and exhibit covalent bonding.
How are ions bound together?The complete transfer of certain electrons of one atom to another results in the formation of an ionic connection. A negatively charged ion known as a cation results from an atom losing one or maybe more electrons. An anion, or negatively charged ion, is created when an atom gains one or more electrons.
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What is the molecular formula of boron and hydrogen?.
BH³. A boron-hydrogen compound's empirical formula is BH3. It has a 27.7 g/mol molar mass.
Where can you find hydrogen?In the earth's subsurface, there is just free hydrogen. The majority of hydrogen is found in stars and gas giant planets. Hydrogen dominates the composition of the Sun. The pressure is so intense in the inside of stars that hydrogen atoms are changed into helium atoms.
Can hydrogen water be consumed?However, they are unsure if its advantages outweigh those of drinking regular water or being hydrated in general. Hyponatremia, which can be fatal, can result from excessive water intake.
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Drag the numbers to put the following steps in the correct order. As electrons move down the etc, a h+ gradient is made. The krebs cycle produces atp, nadh, fadh2 and co2. H+ pass through the atp synthase to make atp. Nadh and fadh2 gives electrons to the etc. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two pyruvate and makes some atp.
steps in the correct order is :
NADH gives electrons to the ETC.The Krebs cycle produces ATP, NADH and CO2.In glycolysis, glucose is split into two pyruvate and makes some ATP.Ht pass through the ATP synthase to make ATP.As electrons move down the ETC, a H+ gradient is made.What does glycolysis process?The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.a process by which cells partially break down glucose (sugar) using oxygen-free enzyme reactions. One process that cells use to make energy is glycolysis.To learn more about glycolysis refer,
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2.00 g of a certain Compound X, known to be made of carbon, hydrogen and perhaps oxygen, and to have a molecular molar mass of 180.g/mol, is burned completely in excess oxygen, and the mass of the products carefully measured: carbon dioxide = 2.93g and water = 1.20g. Use this information to find the molecular formula of X
Carbon dioxide = 2.93g and water = 1.20g. Use this information to find the molecular formula is C6H12O6.
Mass of Carbon dioxide = 2.93 g
Molar mass of Carbon dioxide= 44.01 g/mol
Moles of CO2 = mass/molar mass
= (2.93 g) /(44.01 g/mol)
= 0.066 mol
Therefore, moles of C = 0.066 mol
Mass of C = (0.066 mol) (12 g/mol)
= 0.792 g
Similarly,
Moles of H2O = mass/molar mass
= (1.20 g) /(18 g/mol)
= 0.066 mol
Moles of H = 2 x 0.066 = 0.132 mol
So, mass of H = (0.132 mol) (1 g/mol)
= 0.132 g
Mass of compound = mass of C + mass of H + mass of O
Therefore, mass of O = 2 - (0.792 + 0.132)
= 1.076 g
Moles of O = mass/molar mass
= (1.076 mol)/(16 g/mol)
= 0.067 mol
So, moles of C = 0.066 mol
Moles of H = 0.132 mol
Moles of O = 0.067 mol
Divide by lowest mole
C : (0.066) /(0.066) = 1
H : (0.132)/(0.066) = 2
O : (0.067) /(0.066) = 1
Empirical formula : CH2O
Molar mass of empirical formula = 12 + (2 x 1) + (16)
= 30 g/mol
n = (molar mass of compound) /(molar mass of empirical formula)
= 180 / 30
= 6
Therefore, molecular formula is : (CH2O)6
= C6H12O6
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