The 2008-2009 Great Recession and the 1930s Great Depression had distinct causes and outcomes, and their impacts on the global economy differed significantly.
Write causes of the 2008-2009 Great Recession?The collapse of the housing market bubble, driven by the unsustainable growth of subprime mortgage lending, played a pivotal role in the 2008-2009 Great Recession. The increasing demand for housing led to inflated prices, encouraging risky lending practices.
When borrowers defaulted on their mortgages, the value of mortgage-backed securities plummeted, causing substantial losses for financial institutions. This led to a loss of confidence in the financial sector, which resulted in a credit crunch and restricted access to loans for individuals and businesses.
The decline in consumer spending and investment further amplified the recessionary effects. As people lost jobs or faced reduced income, their consumption levels declined. Businesses, facing declining demand and limited access to credit, scaled back their investment and hiring plans. This downward spiral of reduced spending and investment contributed to a significant contraction in economic activity.
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Blossom Company produces two products and their overhead consists of setups $43000; machining $2243000; and packing $103000. Data for the current year follow: Delta 20 Number of setups Machine hours Packing orders Number of units produced Beta 20 3300 380 830 6300 580 630 The overhead allocated to Beta assuming a single overhead rate based on machine hours and assuming ABC, respectively, are (round to nearest dollar) O $821219 and $834360. O $451270 and $417180. O $451270 and $834360. O $821219 and $791656
The overhead allocated to product Beta, assuming a single overhead rate based on machine hours, is $821,219, and assuming activity-based costing (ABC), it is $834,360.
To calculate the overhead allocated to product Beta, we need to consider two scenarios: using a single overhead rate based on machine hours and using activity-based costing (ABC).
1. Single Overhead Rate based on Machine Hours:
The total machine hours for Beta is 6,300 hours. We need to calculate the overhead allocation using the machine hours ratio. The total overhead for machine hours is $2,243,000.
Allocation for Beta = (Machine hours for Beta / Total machine hours) * Total overhead for machine hours
= (6,300 / 9,800) * $2,243,000
≈ $821,219
2. Activity-Based Costing (ABC):
To calculate the overhead allocation using ABC, we need to consider the cost drivers for each activity: setups, machining, and packing. The total overhead for setups is $43,000, machining is $2,243,000, and packing is $103,000.
Allocation for Beta = (Number of setups for Beta / Total number of setups) * Total overhead for setups
+ (Machine hours for Beta / Total machine hours) * Total overhead for machining
+ (Packing orders for Beta / Total packing orders) * Total overhead for packing
= (20 / 50) * $43,000
+ (6,300 / 9,800) * $2,243,000
+ (580 / 830) * $103,000
≈ $451,270 + $417,180 + $834,360
≈ $1,702,810
Therefore, the overhead allocated to Beta, assuming a single overhead rate based on machine hours, is $821,219, and assuming ABC, it is $834,360.
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Consider a firm that faces the following expected future marginal product of capital: M P K f = 1 , 000 − 2 K , where M P K f is the expected future marginal product of capital and K is the capital stock. The price of capital, p k , is 1,000, the real interest rate, r is 10%, and the depreciation rate, d , is 15%. A. What is the cost of capital? B. What is the value of the firm's desired capital stock? C. Now, suppose that the firm must pay a 50% tax on its revenue. What is the value of the desired capital stock?
The value of the firm's desired capital stock is approximately 444.
a. the cost of capital is determined by the real interest rate and the depreciation rate. in this case, the real interest rate (r) is 10% and the depreciation rate (d) is 15%. the cost of capital (c) can be calculated as follows:
c = (r + d) * k
c = (0.10 + 0.15) * k
c = 0.25 * k
b. to find the desired capital stock, we need to determine the level of capital at which the firm maximizes its expected future marginal product of capital. this occurs when the marginal benefit of capital (the expected future marginal product of capital) equals the cost of capital. using the given expected future marginal product of capital equation:
1,000 - 2k = 0.25k
simplifying the equation:
1,000 = 2.25k
k = 1,000 / 2.25
k = 444.44 44.
c. if the firm must pay a 50% tax on its revenue, the after-tax cost of capital will be higher. the cost of capital (c) can be calculated by considering the tax rate (t):
c = (r + d) * (1 - t) * k
c = (0.10 + 0.15) * (1 - 0.50) * k
c = 0.25 * 0.50 * k
c = 0.125 * k
using the same equation for the desired capital stock as before:
1,000 - 2k = 0.125k
simplifying the equation:
1,000 = 2.125k
k = 1,000 / 2.125
k = 470.59
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MC algo 2-28 Calculating Depreciation Last year, Bad Tattoo Company had additions to retained earnings of $5,290 on sales of $97,030. The company had costs of $76,710, dividends of $3,340, and interes
Bad Tattoo Company's depreciation expense for last year is found to be $11,980.
Depreciation is a method of allocating the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life. Depreciation occurs due to wear and tear that reduces the asset's usefulness or the expiration of its utility, and it applies to assets such as buildings, equipment, and vehicles, among others.
Calculation of Depreciation
Depreciation expense is computed using the following formula:
Depreciation Expense = (Cost of Asset - Salvage Value) / Useful Life
Depreciation expense is the amount of a fixed asset that has been assigned to an accounting period. It is a non-cash charge, which means that it is deducted from the company's earnings, but it does not require the expenditure of cash.The following information is provided:
Sales = $97,030
Costs = $76,710
Dividends = $3,340
Additions to retained earnings = $5,290
Interest = not provided
Additions to retained earnings = Net Income - Dividends
Additions to retained earnings = Net Income - $3,340
Additions to retained earnings = Sales - Costs - Depreciation - $3,340$5,290
= $97,030 - $76,710 - Depreciation - $3,340
Depreciation = $11,980
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In the specific factors model discussed in class, there are two goods, cloth and food. What happens when the price of food increases (while the price of the cloth remains fixed)?
1 The welfare of the owners of the specific factor in the sector producing food decreases
2 The welfare of owners of the specific factor in the sector producing cloth decreases
3 The amount of specific factor in the sector producing food increases
4 The number of workers allocated to the production of cloth increases
5 The welfare of workers increases unambiguously
The welfare of owners in the food sector decreases, the welfare of owners in the cloth sector decreases, the amount of specific factor in the food sector increases, the number of workers allocated to the production of cloth increases, and the welfare of workers increases unambiguously, when the price of food increases (while the price of cloth remains fixed) in the specific factors model.
In the specific factors model, when the price of food increases while the price of cloth remains fixed, the following outcomes occur:
1. The welfare of the owners of the specific factor in the sector producing food decreases: This is because the increase in food price leads to higher profits for food producers. However, since the price of cloth remains fixed, the owners of the specific factor in the food sector experience a decrease in their welfare.
2. The welfare of owners of the specific factor in the sector producing cloth decreases: As the price of food increases, the demand for food rises, and resources (including specific factors) are diverted towards the food sector. This shift in resources results in a decrease in the welfare of owners of the specific factor in the cloth sector.
3. The amount of specific factor in the sector producing food increases: The increase in food price incentivizes producers to allocate more resources to the food sector, including the specific factor, to take advantage of the higher profits.
4. The number of workers allocated to the production of cloth increases: As resources shift towards the food sector, including the specific factor, there is a decrease in the availability of resources for the cloth sector. To compensate for this, the number of workers allocated to the production of cloth increases.
5. The welfare of workers increases unambiguously: Since the specific factor in the food sector experiences a decrease in welfare and more workers are allocated to the production of cloth, the welfare of workers as a whole increases. This is because they have more employment opportunities in the cloth sector and potentially higher wages.
Therefore, when the price of food increases (while the price of cloth remains fixed) in the specific factors model, the welfare of owners in the food sector decreases, the welfare of owners in the cloth sector decreases, the amount of specific factor in the food sector increases, the number of workers allocated to the production of cloth increases, and the welfare of workers increases unambiguously. This is due to the reallocation of resources and the resulting changes in production and employment.
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You want to buy an escort worth $41,000. She wants an 8,200 down payment for her services. You think it will take you an 8-year period to pay her. Your company allows you to expense the escort by $4,000. With rate of interest being 6.6% annually, what will be your monthly payment?
After month 63, how much will you owe? Not using the amortization method.
Your monthly payment will be $482.24. After 63 months, you will owe $23,700
Given that;
Price of escort = $41,000
Down payment = $8,200
Period = 8 years
Company allows expense = $4,000
Interest rate = 6.6% annually
We can determine the loan amount that the person needs to buy an escort after the down payment has been made;
Loan amount = $41,000 - $8,200 = $32,800
We also need to determine the total number of payments for the entire loan period, which is 8 x 12 = 96.
The monthly interest rate will be 6.6%/12 = 0.55%.
Using the formula for calculating the monthly payment amount, PMT = (iP)/(1 - (1 + i)^(-n))
where;
i = monthly interest rate
P = loan amount
n = total number of payments
PMT = ($1,595.81 × 96 - $4,000)/96
PMT = $482.24
Therefore, the monthly payment amount will be $482.24.
After 63 months, the total number of payments made will be 63, and the outstanding balance can be determined using the formula;
Outstanding balance = P × (1 + i)^n - PMT × ((1 + i)^n - 1)/i
where;
i = monthly interest rate
P = loan amount
n = total number of payments
PMT = monthly payment
Outstanding balance = $32,800 × (1 + 0.0055)^63 - $482.24 × ((1 + 0.0055)^63 - 1)/0.0055
Outstanding balance = $23,700.
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Question 6 (4 Marks)
Which of the following statements about South African taxation is NOT correct?
a. Tax revenue collection during the COVID-19 hard lockdowns of March and April 2020 exceeded that from March and April 2021.
b. Small businesses received government financial support
c. Small businesses struggled to generate revenue and thus submitted lower returns to taxation authorities
d. Value-added tax (VAT) and customs revenue estimates were much lower during the hard lockdown period than in prior years
The incorrect statement among the given options is (a) Tax revenue collection during the COVID-19 hard lockdowns of March and April 2020 exceeded that from March and April 2021.
Tax revenue collection during the COVID-19 hard lockdowns of March and April 2020 was significantly affected due to the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic. Many businesses faced closures or restrictions, leading to a decline in economic activity and tax collections.
During the pandemic, the South African government provided financial support to small businesses to help them cope with the economic challenges. Small businesses indeed struggled to generate revenue during the lockdown period, resulting in lower returns submitted to taxation authorities. Additionally, the estimates for value-added tax (VAT) and customs revenue were lower during the hard lockdown period compared to previous years due to reduced economic activity and trade.
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Your broker offers to sell you some shares of Bahnsen & Co. common stock that paid a dividend of $3.00 yesterday. Bahnsen's dividend is expected to grow at 7% per year for the next 3 years. If you buy the stock, you plan to hold it for 3 years and then sell it. The appropriate discount rate is 13%.
a. Find the expected dividend for each of the next 3 years; that is, calculate D1, D2, and D3. Note that Do= $3.00. Do not round intermediate calculations.
Round your answers to the nearest cent.
D₁ = $
3.21
D₂ = $ 3.43
D3 = $
3.68
b. Given that the first dividend payment will occur 1 year from now, find the present value of the dividend stream; that is, calculate the PVs of D1, D2, and D3, and then sum these PVs. Do not round intermediate calculations, Round your answer to the nearest cent.
2.84
c. You expect the price of the stock 3 years from now to be $65.54; that is, you expect Ps to equal $65.54. Discounted at a 13% rate, what is the present value of this expected future stock price? In other words, calculate the PV of $65.54. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
$
d. If you plan to buy the stock, hold it for 3 years, and then sell it for $65.54, what is the most you should pay for it today? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
e. Use equation below to calculate the present value of this stock.
Po
Do(1+) D₁
Assume that g7% and that it is constant. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
$
f. Is the value of this stock dependent upon how long you plan to hold it? In other words, if your planned holding period was 2 years or 5 years rather than 3 years, would this affect the value of the stock today,
a. The expected dividend for each of the next 3 years are $3.21, $3.43 and $3.68, respectively.
b. The sum of the present value of D1, D2 and D3 is $8.05
c. The present value of the expected future stock price is $41.04
d. The most you should pay for the stock today is $49.09
e. The present value of the stock given the equation is $53.50
f. Yes, the value of the stock is dependent on how long you plan to hold it.
How to calculate dividend
To calculate expected dividends for each of the next 3 years, use the formula:
Year1
D1 = Do × (1 + g)
= $3.00 × (1 + 0.07) = $3.21
Year2
D2 = D1 × (1 + g)
= $3.21 × (1 + 0.07) = $3.43
Year3
D3 = D2 × (1 + g)
= $3.43 × (1 + 0.07) = $3.68
The present value of the dividend stream can be calculated as follows:
PV(D1) = D1 / (1 + r)
= $3.21 / (1 + 0.13) = $2.84
PV(D2) = D2 / [tex](1 + r)^2[/tex]
= $3.43 / (1 + 0.13)^2 = $2.67
PV(D3) = D3 / [tex](1 + r)^3[/tex]
= $3.68 / (1 + 0.13)^3 = $2.54
PV of dividend stream = PV(D1) + PV(D2) + PV(D3)
= $2.84 + $2.67 + $2.54
= $8.05
The present value of the expected future stock price can be calculated as follows:
PV(Ps) = Ps / [tex](1 + r)^3[/tex]
= $65.54 / [tex](1 + 0.13)^3[/tex]
= $41.04
The most you should pay for the stock today is the sum of the present value of the dividend stream and the present value of the expected future stock price:
Po = PV of dividend stream + PV(Ps)
= $8.05 + $41.04
= $49.09
Using the constant-growth formula, we get:
Po D1 / (r - g)
= $3.21 / (0.13 - 0.07)
= $53.50
Yes, the value of the stock is dependent on how long you plan to hold it, as the longer you hold the stock, the more dividends you will receive and the higher the expected future stock price will be. This will result in a higher present value of the stock.
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On June 30, the Simpson Company reported the following information on its balance sheet.
K
Total current assets $550,000
Total long-term assets $1,120,000
Total current liabilities $484,000
Total long-term debt $705,000
What is the amount of the stockholder's equity in the Simpson Company?
To determine the amount of stockholders' equity in the Simpson Company, we need to subtract the total liabilities from the total assets.
Total Assets = Total Current Assets + Total Long-Term Assets
Total Assets = $550,000 + $1,120,000
Total Assets = $1,670,000
Total Liabilities = Total Current Liabilities + Total Long-Term Debt
Total Liabilities = $484,000 + $705,000
Total Liabilities = $1,189,000
Stockholders' Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
Stockholders' Equity = $1,670,000 - $1,189,000
Stockholders' Equity = $481,000
Therefore, the amount of stockholders' equity in the Simpson Company is $481,000.
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Q1
Compute the price for a 3-year, 6%, $100 face value bond which is putable at the end of year 2 and year 3, at a put price of $99.
Assuming that interest rates follow a binomial distribution for movements which could go up by a factor of u=1.05 (Le.. = (1.05), or down by a factor of d=0.9524 (r=r(0.95241) per year with 60% probability going up and 40% probability going down.
Given the current interest of 7%, what will this 3-year putable bond price be today?
The price of 3-year, 6%, $100 face value bond which is putable at the end of year 2 and year 3, at a put price of $99 is $108.46.
Given,
Face value of bond (FV) = $100
Annual coupon rate (r) = 6%
Putable price = $99
Interest rate after up movement (ru) = 5%
Interest rate after down movement (rd) = -4.76%
Probability of up movement (pu) = 60%
Probability of down movement (pd) = 40%
Years (n) = 3
Putable bond price at present
Annual coupon payment (C) = FV × Annual coupon rate (r) / 100
= $100 × 6%
= $6
At the end of year 1, if interest rate goes up, then Bond price,
PU1 = C / (1 + ru) + FV / (1 + ru)
= $6 / 1.05 + $100 / 1.05
= $5.71 + $95.24
= $100.95
Otherwise, if the interest rate goes down, then the bond price,
PD1 = C / (1 + rd) + FV / (1 + rd)
= $6 / 0.9524 + $100 / 0.9524
= $6.31 + $104.78
= $111.09
At the end of year 2, if interest rate goes up, then,
Pu2 = [(pu × PU1) + (1 - pu) × PD1] / (1 + ru)
= [(0.6 × $100.95) + (0.4 × $111.09)] / 1.05
= $106.64
Otherwise, if the interest rate goes down, then,
Pd2 = [(pd × PD1) + (1 - pd) × PU1] / (1 + rd)
= [(0.4 × $111.09) + (0.6 × $100.95)] / 0.9524
= $106.64
As $99 < $108.77, the bond will not be put into the market.
The price of the bond today will be,P0 = Pu0 × puu × pud + Pd0 × pdu × pdd
= [$108.77 × 0.6 × 0.6 + $106.64 × 0.6 × 0.4] × 0.6+ [$106.64 × 0.4 × 0.6 + $106.64 × 0.4 × 0.4] × 0.4
= $108.46
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Product A has a first cost of $30,000, an operating cost of $8,000 per year, and a $2,000 salvage value after 10 years. Alternative B will cost $55,000 with an operating cost of $6,000 per year and a salvage value of $10,000 after 10 years. At a MARR of 10% per year, which product should be selected?
Based on the given information and a minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) of 10% per year, Product B should be selected over Product A.
To determine the preferred product, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) for each option. The NPV takes into account the initial cost, operating costs, salvage value, and the time value of money.
For Product A:
First cost = $30,000
Operating cost per year = $8,000
Salvage value = $2,000
Life span = 10 years
For Product B:
First cost = $55,000
Operating cost per year = $6,000
Salvage value = $10,000
Life span = 10 years
To calculate the NPV, we discount the future cash flows to their present value using the MARR of 10% per year. The option with the higher NPV is more favorable.
Calculating the NPV for Product A:
NPV = -First cost + Present value of operating costs + Present value of salvage value.
Calculating the NPV for Product B:
NPV = -First cost + Present value of operating costs + Present value of salvage value.
Comparing the NPVs of both options, if Product B has a higher NPV than Product A, then Product B should be selected. Conversely, if Product A has a higher NPV, then Product A should be chosen. In this case, the option with the higher NPV should be selected, which is Product B. Therefore, based on the given information and a MARR of 10% per year, Product B is the preferred choice.
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The listing price of a property is $265,000, the listing vs.
sale price ratio in this area is 96%, commission for this
transaction is 5% plus taxes. Calculate the proceeds (net amount)
for your vendor
Given that: The listing price of a property is $265,000, the listing vs. sale price ratio in this area is 96%, commission for this transaction is 5% plus taxes.
The listing versus sale price ratio of 96% means that the property sold for 96% of its listing price. Therefore, the sale price of the property can be calculated as follows: Sale price = 96% of listing price= 0.96 × $265,000= $254,400 The commission for the transaction is 5% plus taxes. The net amount for the vendor is the sale price minus the commission and taxes. The commission is calculated as 5% of the sale price plus taxes.Commission = 5% of sale price + taxes= 5/100 × $254,400 + taxes= $12,720 + taxes
Therefore, the net amount for the vendor is: Net amount = Sale price - Commission - Taxes= $254,400 - $12,720 - taxes= $241,680 - taxes Hence, the proceeds (net amount) for the vendor is $241,680 - taxes.
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Introduction (20 Marks)
• Provide a basic understanding of employee retention,
employee engagement and Human resource policies and practices in
the global and Malaysian context from the perspectives
GROUP ASSIGNMENT (40\%) BAGB4053/BAGB 4054 SEMINAR IN HUMAN RESOURCE Course Learning Outcome CLO2: Discuss contemporary issues in Human Resource Management CLO3: Evaluate the critical challenges faced
Employee retention is a critical issue in human resource management in today's business world. In simple terms, employee retention refers to the ability of a company to keep its employees for an extended period.
Employee engagement is the degree to which employees feel connected and committed to their work, their co-workers, and the organization. The human resource policies and practices in the global and Malaysian context play a crucial role in employee retention and engagement. The following are some of the practices that companies can adopt to retain their employees.
Flexible work schedules, work-life balance, competitive compensation, and benefits, professional development opportunities, and recognition and rewards are some of the key human resource policies and practices that companies can adopt to improve employee engagement and retention.
In the global context, companies need to adopt diverse policies and practices to meet the needs of employees from different backgrounds and cultures. For instance, companies can adopt flexible work schedules to accommodate employees from different time zones.
In the Malaysian context, the government has enacted laws such as the Employment Act and the Industrial Relations Act that protect the rights of employees. These laws stipulate minimum wage requirements, working hours, and other benefits that employers must provide to their employees.
In conclusion, employee retention and engagement are critical issues in human resource management. Companies can adopt various policies and practices to retain their employees and improve their engagement. In the global and Malaysian context, companies need to adopt diverse policies and practices that meet the needs of employees from different backgrounds and cultures while complying with the relevant laws and regulations.
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Are ethical dilemmas
always problems, or can they also be opportunities. Justify your
answer.
Ethical dilemmas can indeed be both problems and opportunities, depending on how they are approached and addressed.
Here's a justification for why ethical dilemmas can be seen as both:
1. Problems:
Ethical dilemmas often arise when there are conflicting moral principles or values, creating challenging situations with no clear right or wrong . They can create moral distress, internal conflicts, and feelings of uncertainty. Ethical dilemmas present problems because they require individuals or organizations to make difficult choices and navigate complex ethical terrain. They can be sources of stress, tension, and potential harm if not appropriately addressed.
2. Opportunities:
Ethical dilemmas also provide opportunities for growth, learning, and the development of ethical decision-making skills. They challenge individuals and organizations to critically reflect on their values, principles, and ethical frameworks. By engaging with ethical dilemmas, individuals can enhance their moral reasoning abilities, empathy, and understanding of diverse perspectives. Ethical dilemmas can foster a culture of ethical awareness, accountability, and responsible decision-making within organizations.
Furthermore, ethical dilemmas can lead to positive outcomes such as:
a) Increased Ethical consciousness: Ethical dilemmas can prompt individuals and organizations to reevaluate their values, principles, and practices. They provide opportunities to align actions with ethical standards and promote ethical behavior in all aspects of life.
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If the price of a good falls by 10% and the percentage decrease in the total amount consumers spend on the good is 10%, then the good is
If the price of a good falls by 10% and the percentage decrease in the total amount consumers spend on the good is 10%, then the good is considered to have an inelastic demand.
Here's why:
- When the price of a good falls by 10%, it means that the price decreases. This usually leads to an increase in the quantity demanded because the good becomes more affordable.
- However, if the percentage decrease in the total amount consumers spend on the good is also 10%, it suggests that the increase in quantity demanded is not enough to offset the decrease in price.
- This indicates that the demand for the good is not very responsive to changes in price, making it inelastic.
- Inelastic demand means that consumers are not very sensitive to price changes, and the percentage change in quantity demanded is relatively smaller than the percentage change in price.
In summary, if the price of a good falls by 10% and the percentage decrease in the total amount consumers spend on the good is 10%, then the good is considered to have an inelastic demand.
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Which of the following statements regarding tax credits is (are) correct? I. A\$100 tax credit provides the taxpayer the same benefit as a $100 deduction. II. A \$200 tax credit is worth more to a taxpayer in the 35 percent bracket than to one in the 15 percent bracket.
Statement I is incorrect. A 100 tax credit is not worth the same as a 100 tax deduction. A tax credit is subtracted directly from the tax liability, while a tax deduction reduces taxable income. A tax credit is worth more than a tax deduction because it reduces the amount of tax owed dollar-for-dollar.
Statement II is correct. A $200 tax credit is worth more to a taxpayer in the 35% tax bracket than to one in the 15% tax bracket. This is because a taxpayer in a higher tax bracket pays more tax than one in a lower tax bracket. A tax credit reduces the tax liability of a taxpayer in a higher tax bracket more than it reduces that of one in a lower tax bracket.
In conclusion, statement II is correct and statement I is incorrect.
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a. Identify possible external entities for Airbnb platform. (5
Marks)
b. Prepare possible context diagram (Data Flow Diagram level 0)
for Airbnb platform. (9 Marks)
c. Prepare Data Flow Diagram level
a. Possible external entities for Airbnb platform are:Guests: Guests are people who look for accommodation and use the Airbnb platform to book a stay.
Hosts: Hosts are people who provide accommodation through Airbnb platform.Suppliers: Suppliers are the people who provide necessary services and facilities like cleaning, maintenance, and repairs, etc. for the Airbnb platform.
Payment Gateway: The payment gateway is an entity that facilitates online payment between guests and hosts in a secure way.b. Possible context diagram (Data Flow Diagram level 0) for Airbnb platformc. Data Flow Diagram Level 1 for Airbnb platform.
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QUESTION 2
The situation in which the average of all prices of products is
rising is called inflation.
True
False
The higher the price of a good or service, the greater the
amount a producer is wi
The given statement "The situation in which the average of all prices of products is rising is called inflation" is true.
Inflation is defined as a long-term increase in the average price level of goods and services in an economy. When the average of all product prices rises, it implies that inflation has occurred.
Various economic indicators, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Producer Price Index (PPI), which track changes in the prices of a basket of goods and services, are commonly used to measure inflation. If these indicators reveal a constant higher trend in pricing, then indicates that inflation is taking place.
Inflation can be caused by a variety of factors, including increased demand for products and services, growing production costs, changes in government policy, or currency value swings.
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The following question may be like this:
The situation in which the average of all prices of products is rising is called inflation.True False
What are the characteristics of Operational Relatedness Strategy? Discuss your answer by providing a real-life company example. 30%
Operational Relatedness Strategy involves leveraging operational capabilities across different business units or divisions within a company to achieve synergies and competitive advantage.
A real-life example of this strategy is seen in the diversified conglomerate company, General Electric (GE). GE is known for its operational relatedness strategy by integrating various business units and leveraging shared resources and capabilities.
For instance, GE operates in several industries such as aviation, healthcare, power, and renewable energy. Despite being diverse, GE leverages its core competencies in areas such as advanced manufacturing, digital technologies, and engineering expertise across these different industries.
By implementing an operational relatedness strategy, GE is able to achieve cost savings, improve efficiency, and enhance innovation. For example, GE's expertise in advanced manufacturing allows it to produce high-quality components and systems that can be utilized across different industries.
The company's digital technologies and data analytics capabilities also enable it to optimize operations and drive innovation in areas like predictive maintenance and intelligent energy management.
Through operational relatedness, GE is able to create synergies and capitalize on shared resources and capabilities, leading to improved performance and competitive advantage in various industries.
The strategy allows the company to leverage its operational strengths and expertise across different business units, ultimately driving growth and profitability.
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Describe seven techniques for bootstrapping that you could use
if you started a company. please provide citations.
Bootstrap marketing relates to an advertising strategy usually used by entrepreneurs to create a business
Here are seven techniques for bootstrapping a company
1. Lean Startup Methodology: The Lean Startup Methodology emphasizes rapid experimentation and iteration to develop a product or service based on customer feedback. It involves building a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and using validated learning to make data-driven decisions. (Source: Ries, E. (2011). "The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses.")
2. Sweat Equity: Sweat equity refers to the contribution of time, effort, and skills by the founders and team members instead of relying on external funding. This involves dedicating personal resources and working long hours to reduce costs and retain control over the company. (Source: Beckman, C., & Burton, M. (2008). "Founding the Future: Path Dependence in the Evolution of Top Management Teams from Founding to IPO." Organization Science, 19(1), 3-24.)
3. Bootstrapping through Revenue Generation: Generating revenue from early customers or clients can help fund ongoing operations and growth. By focusing on sales and building a customer base, entrepreneurs can reduce the need for external financing. (Source: Mosey, S., & Wright, M. (2007). "From Human Capital to Social Capital: A Longitudinal Study of Technology-Based Academic Entrepreneurs." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(6), 909-935.)
4. Bartering and Partnerships: Engaging in bartering or forming strategic partnerships can help reduce costs and gain access to resources or services without the need for cash. This approach involves exchanging goods or services with other companies or individuals to fulfill mutual needs. (Source: Hofstrand, D., & Ismet, S. (2013). "Bartering: Old Idea, New Way to Save Money." Iowa State University Extension and Outreach.)
5. Crowdfunding: Crowdfunding platforms allow entrepreneurs to raise capital from a large number of individuals who contribute smaller amounts of money. This method enables founders to validate their product or service, generate pre-orders, and gain early supporters while maintaining ownership and control. (Source: Belleflamme, P., Lambert, T., & Schwienbacher, A. (2014). "Crowdfunding: Tapping the Right Crowd." Journal of Business Venturing, 29(5), 585-609.)
6. Resource Optimization and Cost Cutting: Analyzing expenses, eliminating non-essential costs, and optimizing resource allocation can help stretch limited resources. By being frugal and making strategic choices, entrepreneurs can extend their runway and achieve more with less. (Source: Mullins, J. W., & Komisar, R. (2019). "Getting to Plan B: Breaking Through to a Better Business Model." Harvard Business Press.)
7. Bootstrapping through Personal Networks: Leveraging personal networks, such as friends, family, and colleagues, can provide access to resources, expertise, and potential customers. These networks can be tapped for support, advice, introductions, and even initial investment. (Source: Uzzi, B., & Spiro, J. (2005). "Collaboration and Creativity: The Small World Problem." American Journal of Sociology, 111(2), 447-504.)
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8 Problem Walk-Through Holt Enterprises recently paid a dividend, Do, of $3.00. It expects to have nonconstant growth of 25% for 2 years followed by a constant rate of 10% thereafter. The firm's requi
To determine the value of Holt Enterprises' stock, we need to calculate the present value of its dividends using the dividend discount model (DDM).
The nonconstant growth rate of 25% for 2 years implies that the dividends will grow at a different rate during this period. Afterward, the growth rate will be constant at 10%.
In the first step, we calculate the present value of dividends during the nonconstant growth phase. We can use the formula:
PV = D1 / (1 + r)^1 + D2 / (1 + r)^2
where D1 and D2 are the dividends for the first and second year, and r is the required rate of return.
In the second step, we calculate the present value of dividends during the constant growth phase. We can use the formula:
PV = D3 / (r - g)
where D3 is the dividend in the third year and g is the constant growth rate.
By summing up the present values of dividends from both phases, we can find the total present value of the stock, which represents its fair value.
The question appears to be incomplete as it doesn't provide values for D1, D2, and D3, as well as the required rate of return. Without these values, it is not possible to provide a specific solution.
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Thabisile and Mike are in a partnership trading as Thami Traders. The partners are sharing profits and losses equally. On 30 July 2020 the equity and profits of Thami Traders was as follows:
Capital - Thabisile R84 000
Capital - Mike R84 000
Current account - Thabisile (Cr) R20 000
Current account - Mike (Cr) R20 000
Thabisile and Mike decided to admit Dineo from 1 August 2020. Dineo will contribute R50 000 cash and a vehicle worth R86 000 to acquire a fifth of the net asset share of the partnership. Thabisile and Mike agreed to relinquish 20% of their share in profits or losses to Dineo in the ratio of 3:1 respectively. All other assets were revalued before admitting Dineo to the partnership and a valuation loss of R28 000 was correctly calculated.
To admit Dineo to the partnership, Thabisile and Mike agreed to relinquish 20% of their share in profits or losses to Dineo in the ratio of 3:1 respectively. This means that Dineo will receive 3 parts and Thabisile and Mike will receive 1 part each.
To calculate the new profit-sharing ratio, we first need to determine the total parts. The total parts will be the sum of the parts allocated to Dineo, Thabisile, and Mike. In this case, it will be 3 + 1 + 1 = 5.
Now, let's calculate the new profit-sharing ratio for each partner:
- Dineo: 3 parts / 5 total parts = 3/5
- Thabisile: 1 part / 5 total parts = 1/5
- Mike: 1 part / 5 total parts = 1/5
Next, let's calculate Dineo's new share of the net asset value:
Dineo's contribution is R50,000 cash and a vehicle worth R86,000, which totals R136,000. Dineo will acquire a fifth of the net asset share, so her share will be 1/5 of R136,000, which is R27,200.
Now, let's calculate the new equity and profits for Thami Traders after admitting Dineo:
- Thabisile's new equity: R84,000 (original capital) + R20,000 (current account) - R27,200 (Dineo's share of the net asset value) = R76,800
- Mike's new equity: R84,000 (original capital) + R20,000 (current account) - R27,200 (Dineo's share of the net asset value) = R76,800
- Dineo's new equity: R27,200 (Dineo's share of the net asset value)
Lastly, let's calculate the new profit-sharing ratio after adjusting for Dineo's admission:
- Dineo: 3/5 (Dineo's new profit-sharing ratio)
- Thabisile: 1/5 (Thabisile's new profit-sharing ratio)
- Mike: 1/5 (Mike's new profit-sharing ratio)
"Thabisile and Mike decided to admit Dineo from 1 August 2020. Dineo will contribute R50 000 cash and a vehicle worth R86 000 to acquire a fifth of the net asset share of the partnership. Thabisile and Mike agreed to relinquish 20% of their share in profits or losses to Dineo in the ratio of 3:1 respectively. All other assets were revalued before admitting Dineo to the partnership and a valuation loss of R28 000 was correctly calculated."
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Increasing to a $15 minimum wage in Ontario Canada Recall from class and our discussion of supply and demand (see the notes on Schoology), that the supply and demand of labor should be kept in balance for a healthy economy: the demand for labor coming from companies and the supply coming from the employable people seeking work in society. Recently, Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne announced that her government would see to a $15 minimum wage by 2019, up from its current $11.40. Research this plan and write Please use Schoology for this same assignment and you will submit it there by saving your work as a Word file and sending it in as an attachment when you reply. Put your name and student number on your work. Answer the questions below by researching online: 1. List what the plan is, some details and the timeline 2. Do you agree with the plan for this wage increase? Why or why not? 3. What good things can we expect to come out of this? 4. What challenges for our economy can we expect to come out of this? 5. Explain who will get the most and the least benefit when this plan goes into effect 6. If you could set the minimum wage, what things would you consider for how high or low it should be? 7. a. Is this an example of price control? Is it a price ceiling or price floor? b. What does classical economics suggest will happen based on you answer in (a)?
YourWork should be at least 2 to 3 pages double spaced, font 12, and all sources of your material you used for information must be provided at the end
any information you take off the internet or from books, you must provide the source!
The plan to grow the minimum salary to $15 in Ontario, Canada, through 2019 has each ability advantages and challenges. While its objectives are to cope with income inequality and offer better wages for low-income workers, the impact on the economic system may include activity losses and accelerated charges for organizations.
I can provide you with a brief response primarily based on widespread knowledge.
The plan is to increase the minimum salary in Ontario, Canada to $15 by means of 2019, up from the cutting-edge charge of $11.40. The timeline shows that the growth could be implemented within a specific length.Whether one concurs with the plan for this salary growth relies upon on their perspective. Some may also help it as a method to enhance the standard of living for low-salary employees, lessen income inequality, and stimulate customer spending. Others may additionally oppose it, citing potentially terrible impacts on companies, which include job losses or decreased work hours.Potential blessings of the salary increase include elevated profits for low-wage workers, doubtlessly lowering poverty, and improving their quality of life. It may additionally raise consumer shopping electricity, leading to multiplied monetary hobby and demand for goods and services.Challenges for the economy should stand up from improved hard work charges for corporations, which may additionally bring about higher prices for items and offerings. This should potentially affect the competitiveness of businesses, especially small companies, and result in task losses or reduced hiring.When the plan goes into effect, low-wage workers will in all likelihood gain the maximum as their wages grow, doubtlessly improving their economic situation. Conversely, groups, particularly those operating on thin profit margins, may face the maximum enormous challenges in adjusting to the higher minimum salary.Setting the minimal salary entails considering different factors together with the price of dwelling, inflation, productiveness stages, and the impact on corporations and employment. It is vital to strike a balance that ensures truthful reimbursement for workers whilst not excessively burdening corporations or hindering process creation.A. The increase in the minimum wage may be taken into consideration as an instance of rate control, especially a fee ground because it sets a minimum price for labor.B. Based on classical economics, an increase in the minimum wage may also result in unintended outcomes along with a reduced call for exertions, potential job losses, or groups adjusting by way of reducing charges or growing charges.Please word that for a complete and correct evaluation of the particular Ontario minimum salary increase plan, it's far vital to seek advice from dependable and up-to-date assets or seek advice from educational studies on the topic.
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why do you think Donald Trump was so focused on renegotiating NAFTA during and after his successful president campaign ?
Donald Trump was so focused on renegotiating NAFTA during and after his successful presidential campaign because he had promised to bring back jobs to the United States and he saw NAFTA as a threat to American workers.
NAFTA, or the North American Free Trade Agreement, is a trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico that went into effect in 1994. The agreement aimed to reduce trade barriers and increase economic cooperation between the three countries.
During his presidential campaign, Donald Trump frequently criticized NAFTA and argued that it had led to job losses in the United States. He promised to renegotiate the agreement to get a better deal for American workers.
After taking office, Trump followed through on this promise and began negotiations to update NAFTA. The main focus of the negotiations was on reducing the trade deficit with Mexico and increasing the amount of manufacturing done in the United States.
Ultimately, Trump was successful in negotiating a new trade agreement with Mexico and Canada called the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which was ratified by all three countries in 2020. The USMCA includes provisions aimed at increasing the amount of manufacturing done in the United States and reducing the trade deficit with Mexico.
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17 Freddie's Frozen Treats Inc. has a 16 percent profit margin on sales of $285,570, total debt of $42,637, and total equity of $232,117. Calculate the return on equity for the firm. 16.0% 16.6% 19.7% (D) 48.0% (E) 81.3%
Given; Profit margin = 16%,Sales = $285,570Debt = $42,637Equity = $232,117We are to determine the return on equity for the firm .Return on equity (ROE) = Net income / Average equityWe are to calculate net income first.
Net income = Profit margin * SalesNet income
= 16/100 * 285,570Net income
= $45,651.2Average equity
= (Beginning equity + Ending equity)/2Since the problem did not specify the exact duration, we cannot determine the beginning and ending equity. Thus, we will use the total equity provided in the problem .Average equity = ($232,117 + $232,117)/2Average equity = $232,117ROE
= Net income / Average equityROE
= $45,651.2 / $232,117ROE
= 0.1967 or 19.67%Therefore, the return on equity for the firm is 19.7% which is option C.
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A recent survey by the Boston Consulting Group identified risk-averse culture as the key obstacle to innovation. The Legendary 3M Chairman William McKnight once said, "The best and the hardest work is done in the spirit of adventure and challenges. . . . Mistakes will be made."
Choose any organization that has an innovative climate. It may be your organization where you work.
What it takes to create innovative climate? What is the level of innovation?
Creating an innovative climate in an organization requires a culture that encourages risk-taking, effective communication, collaboration, continuous learning, and development. The level of innovation in an organization varies but is influenced by industry, resources, leadership, goals, strategies, and commitment to fostering innovation.
To create an innovative climate in an organization, several factors are essential. First, there needs to be a culture that encourages risk-taking and embraces challenges. This means fostering an environment where mistakes are seen as opportunities for learning and growth, just as William McKnight mentioned.
Second, effective communication and collaboration are crucial. Employees should feel comfortable sharing their ideas and collaborating with colleagues across different departments or levels of the organization. This helps to create a diverse and inclusive environment that fosters innovation.
Furthermore, organizations with an innovative climate often invest in continuous learning and development. They provide opportunities for employees to enhance their skills and stay updated with the latest industry trends. This helps to nurture a culture of curiosity and experimentation.
The level of innovation within an organization can vary. It depends on factors such as the organization's industry, resources, and leadership. Some organizations may have a high level of innovation, constantly introducing new products or services, while others may focus on incremental improvements.
Ultimately, the level of innovation is influenced by the organization's goals, strategies, and commitment to fostering an innovative climate.
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Required information Exercise 13−9 (Static) Analyzing risk and capital structure LO P3 [Alternate Version] [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Simon Company's year-end balance sheets follow. The company's income statements for the current year and one year ago, follow. (1) Compute debt and equity ratio for the current year and one year ago. 2-a) Compute debt-to-equity ratio for the current year and one year ago. (2-b) Based on debt-to-equity ratio, does the company have more or less debt in the current year Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Compute debt-to-equity ratio for the current year and one year ago. (2-a) Compute debt-to-equity ratio for the current year and one year ago. (2-b) Based on debt-to-equity ratio, does the company have more or less debt in the current year versus one year ago? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Based on debt-to-equity ratio, does the company have more or less debt in the current year versus one year ago? (3-a) Compute times interest earned for the current year and one year ago. (3-b) Based on times interest earned, is the company more or less risky for creditors in the Current Year versus 1 Year Ago? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Compute times interest eamed for the current year and one year ago. (3-a) Compute times interest earned for the current year and one year ago. (3-b) Based on times interest earned, is the company more or less risky for creditors in the Current Year versus 1 Year Ago? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Based on times interest earned, is the company more or less risky for creditors in the Current Year versus 1 Year Ago?
The company is less risky for creditors in the current year than one year ago.
Simon Company's year-end balance sheets and income statements.The debt-to-equity ratio is a measure of the company's financial leverage. It shows how much debt the company is using to finance its assets relative to equity. It can be calculated as follows:Debt-to-equity ratio = Total debt / Total equity.
To calculate the debt-to-equity ratio for Simon Company for the current year and one year ago:Debt-to-equity ratio for the Current Year = Total debt / Total equity = $590,000 / $1,000,000 = 0.59 Debt-to-equity ratio for 1 Year Ago = Total debt / Total equity = $600,000 / $900,000 = 0.67
Therefore, the company has less debt in the current year than one year ago, based on the debt-to-equity ratio.Times interest earned (TIE) ratio is used to measure the company's ability to pay its interest expenses on outstanding debt. It can be calculated as follows:
TIE ratio = EBIT / Interest expense. To calculate the TIE ratio for Simon Company for the current year and one year ago: TIE ratio for the Current Year = EBIT / Interest expense = $380,000 / $60,000 = 6.33 TIE ratio for 1 Year Ago = EBIT / Interest expense = $350,000 / $50,000 = 7.
Therefore, the company is less risky for creditors in the current year than one year ago, based on the TIE ratio. The TIE ratio has decreased from 7 to 6.33, indicating that the company's ability to pay its interest expenses has slightly declined. However, the TIE ratio is still high enough to indicate that the company is not at risk of defaulting on its debt.
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which foreign direct investment theory is prevalent in the
Caribbean region?
11
Lincoln Parik Cohes e bond outstanding with a coupon rate of 5.68 percent and semiennial payment. The yield to maturity is 6.5 percent and the bond matures in 17 years. What is the market price if the bond has a per value of $2,000
Multiple Choice
$1832.74
$51835.50
$5183708
$1,86940
$5183410
The market price of the bond with a par value of $2,000 is $1,869.40.
To calculate the market price of the bond, we need to use the present value formula for bond pricing. Given that the bond has a coupon rate of 5.68% and semiannual payments, we can determine the semiannual coupon payment to be $56.80 (0.0568 * $2,000 / 2). Using the yield to maturity (YTM) of 6.5%, we can calculate the discount rate per period, which is 3.25% (6.5% / 2). The number of periods until maturity is 34 (17 years * 2). Next, we calculate the present value of the bond's future cash flows, including the coupon payments and the final repayment of the par value. Summing up these present values, we get $1,869.40. Therefore, the correct choice is: $1,869.40
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Voluntary chain—a wholesaler‑sponsored group of independent retailers that engage in group buying and common merchandising.
Retailer cooperative—a group of independent retailers that band together to set up a jointly owned, central wholesale operation and conducts joint merchandising and promotion efforts.
Franchise— The main difference between franchise organizations and other contractual systems is that franchise systems are normally based on some unique product or service; on a method of doing business. Franchises command 40 percent of all retail sales in the United States.
Merchandising conglomerates are corporations that combine several different retailing forms under central ownership. An example is Limited Brands, which operates The Limited, Express, Victoria’s Secret, and others.
Do you see any of these types of associations in the grocery retail industry? What would the primary benefits of joining a retail association be for grocery stores?
Yes, voluntary chains and retailer cooperatives are examples of associations that are commonly found in the grocery retail industry.
Voluntary chains are wholesaler-sponsored groups of independent retailers that engage in group buying and common merchandising. In contrast, a retailer cooperative is a group of independent retailers that band together to set up a jointly-owned, central wholesale operation and conducts joint merchandising and promotion efforts.The primary benefits of joining a retail association for grocery stores include cost savings through collective buying and advertising, greater bargaining power with suppliers, increased access to financing and other resources, and the ability to share best practices and knowledge with other members. By participating in a retail association, grocery stores can also stay abreast of industry trends and developments, and have a voice in shaping industry standards and regulations. Furthermore, membership in a retail association can help grocery stores establish a competitive advantage by leveraging the collective resources and expertise of the association's members to improve operations and enhance customer service.
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I want to save for a vacation. My plan is to put $125.00 each month into an ordinary annuity that earns an annual interest rate of 2.5% for the next 2 years.
How much will be in the account after 2years? Round your final answer to the nearest cent. Assume the interest rate stays the same while the account is open.
What is the sum of all of my deposits? Round your final answer to the nearest cent
How much interest, in total, did my money earn? Round your final answer to the nearest cent.
A payment or series of payments paid at regular intervals is known as an annuity. An ordinary annuity, like the one in this issue, is one that pays out at the conclusion of each term.
Let us calculate the amount that will be in the account after two years using the given information: In order to calculate the future value of an ordinary annuity, we can use the formula: FV = PMT * ((1 + r)n - 1) / r
Where: PMT = the regular payment being made each period (in this case, $125.00)r = the interest rate per period (in this case, the annual interest rate of 2.5% divided by 12, since payments are being made monthly) n = the number of periods (in this case, 2 years, or 24 months)FV = PMT * ((1 + r)n - 1) / r FV = 125 * ((1 + 0.025/12)24 - 1) / (0.025/12)FV = $3,145.34.
So in this case, Sum of all deposits = $125.00 * 24= $3,000.00Rounding to the nearest cent, the sum of all deposits is $3,000.00.The interest earned can be calculated by subtracting the total amount deposited from the future value of the annuity.
Interest equals FV - (PMT * n)Interest is equal to $3,145.34 – (125 x 24)$905.34 plus interest.
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