Given, Thirty-year 5.5% Treasury bonds were issued on 11/12/2012. An investor sells $1.25 million in par value at a quoted price of 114.625 on 3/18/2019. a) There are 123 days of accrued interest. b) The buyer's invoice price is $1,468,452.23.
a) The face value of the bonds = $1.25 million. Accrued interest is the interest on the bond that has accumulated since the last interest payment was made by the issuer. The last interest payment was made on 11/15/2018, and the bond was sold on 3/18/2019. There are 123 days between these two dates.
b) The coupon rate of the bond is 5.5%, and its annual payment is calculated as follows: Annual Payment = Coupon Rate × Face Value= 5.5% × $1.25 million= $68,750. Since the bond was sold between interest payments, the buyer will have to pay the seller the price of the bond plus the accrued interest.
Accrued interest is calculated as follows: Accrued Interest = Annual Payment × (Days Since Last Interest Payment / Days in a Year)= $68,750 × (123 / 365)= $23,139.73. The buyer's invoice price = Quoted Price + Accrued Interest= 114.625% × $1.25 million + $23,139.73= $1,445,312.50 + $23,139.73= $1,468,452.23.
Therefore, the buyer's invoice price is $1,468,452.23.
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The _____ leadership style matches with the preconventional level of personal moral development
a. autocratic
b. team oriented
c. servant leadership
d. guiding/encouraging
e. transforming
The preconventional level of personal moral development matches with the autocratic leadership style. Option A is correct.
At the preconventional level of personal moral development, a person is self-centered, and his or her ethical decisions are based solely on personal interests. Individuals at this level are self-centered and will act in their best interests in order to gain the greatest benefit. A person's ethical reasoning is based on external rewards and punishments rather than on internalized values and beliefs. Individuals in this group are likely to be influenced by the fear of punishment and the desire for reward.
Autocratic leadership style is defined as a leadership style that is characterized by one person making all decisions. Leaders who use the autocratic style typically rely on their own judgment and expertise when making decisions, rather than seeking input from others. This style is often used in situations where the leader has extensive knowledge or experience in a particular area. This style can be effective in situations where quick decisions need to be made, or where the leader's expertise is necessary to ensure that the right decisions are made. However, this style can also be detrimental to group morale, as it can lead to feelings of resentment and frustration among group members who feel that their opinions are not being heard.
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How much will accumulate in an account with an initial deposit of $100, and which eams 10 percent interest compounded quarterly for three years:
Select one:
a. $133.10
b. $313.84
C. $107.69
d. $134.49
The amount that will accumulate in the account after three years will be approximately $134.49. The closest option to this value is d. $134.49.
To calculate the future value of an account with compound interest, we can use the formula:
Future Value = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
P = Initial deposit
r = Interest rate (as a decimal)
n = Number of compounding periods per year
t = Number of years
In this case, the initial deposit is $100, the interest rate is 10% (or 0.10), the compounding is quarterly (n = 4), and the number of years is 3.
Calculating the future value:
Future Value = $100(1 + 0.10/4)^(4*3)
Future Value = $100(1 + 0.025)^(12)
Future Value = $100(1.025)^(12)
Future Value ≈ $134.49
Therefore, the amount that will accumulate in the account after three years will be approximately $134.49. The closest option to this value is d. $134.49.
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An incomplete cost of goods manufactured schedule is presented below - Molina Company Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule For the Year Ended December 31, 2014 Work in process (1/1) Direct materials Raw materials inventory (1/1) Add: Raw materials purchases $? 158,000 ? Total raw materials available for use Less: Raw materials inventory (12/31) 22,500 Direct materials used $190,000 ? Direct labor Manufacturing overhead Indirect labor 18,000 36,000 Factory depreciation Factory utilities 68,000 Total overhead 122,000 Total manufacturing costs Total cost of work in process Less: Work in process (12/31) Cost of goods manufactured Identify the missing data. You MUST show all necessary calculations. [5 Marks] $210,000 ? ? 81,000 $530,000
To determine the missing data in the cost of goods manufactured schedule, we need to calculate the values step by step.
1. Direct materials used:
To calculate direct materials used, we need to find the difference between the total raw materials available for use and the raw materials inventory at the end of the period:
Total raw materials available for use = Raw materials inventory (1/1) + Raw materials purchases
Total raw materials available for use = $? + $158,000 = $?
Next, we subtract the raw materials inventory at the end of the period to find direct materials used:
Direct materials used = Total raw materials available for use - Raw materials inventory (12/31)
Direct materials used = $- - $22,500 = $190,000
2. Manufacturing overhead:
To find the missing data for manufacturing overhead, we need to add up the individual components:
Manufacturing overhead = Indirect labor + Factory depreciation + Factory utilities + ?
Given that the total overhead is $122,000, we can calculate the missing value as follows:
? = Total overhead - (Indirect labor + Factory depreciation + Factory utilities)
? = $122,000 - ($18,000 + $36,000 + $68,000) = $?
3. Work in process (12/31):
To calculate the cost of work in process at the end of the period, we subtract the work in process at the beginning of the period from the total cost of work in process:
Cost of work in process = Total manufacturing costs - Work in process (1/1)
Cost of work in process = $530,000 - $210,000 = $?
By performing the calculations above, you should be able to determine the missing values in the cost of goods manufactured schedule.
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On January 1, 2020, Pronghorn Company makes the two following acquisitions. 1. 2. Purchases land having a fair market value of $150,000 by issuing a 5-year, zero-interest-bearing promissory note in the face amount of $220,399. (a) (b) Purchases equipment by issuing a 4%, 9-year promissory note having a maturity value of $350,000 (interest payable annually). The company has to pay 8% interest for funds from its bank. Record the two journal entries that should be recorded by Pronghorn Company for the two purchases on January 1, 2020. Record the interest at the end of the first year on both notes using the effective-interest method.
QuickBooks Online consists of lists, transaction forms, and various functions for managing financial data, specifically tailored for manufacturing and human resources (OHR) data.
QuickBooks Online is a comprehensive accounting software designed to help businesses manage their finances efficiently. It encompasses several key components, including lists, transaction forms, and various functions. Lists in QuickBooks Online allow users to organize and maintain different types of data, such as customers, vendors, employees, and products. These lists serve as a central repository for relevant information and enable easy access and management.
Transaction forms play a crucial role in QuickBooks Online as they facilitate the recording and processing of financial transactions. They include invoices, bills, sales receipts, purchase orders, and more. These forms capture important details like item descriptions, quantities, prices, and payment terms, ensuring accurate and streamlined transactional processes.
In addition to lists and transaction forms, QuickBooks Online offers a range of other functions to support businesses, such as generating financial reports, tracking expenses, managing payroll, and handling inventory. While QuickBooks Online can be used in various industries, including manufacturing, the mention of OHR data suggests a specific focus on human resources (HR). This could include features related to employee management, payroll processing, benefits administration, and compliance with labor laws. Overall, QuickBooks Online provides a comprehensive suite of tools to manage financial data and streamline business operations, with specific considerations for manufacturing and HR-related requirements.
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At the high level of activity in December, 9,000 machine hours were run and power costs were $19,000. In March, a month of low activity, 2,500 machine hours were run and power costs amounted to $8,500. Using the high-low method, the estimated fixed cost element of power costs is:
$14,535
$4,037
$4,462
$1.62
The estimated fixed cost element of power costs using the high-low method is approximately $4,465.
To calculate the estimated fixed cost element of power costs using the high-low method, we need to identify the variable cost per machine hour.
First, let's calculate the variable cost per machine hour:
Variable cost per machine hour = (Cost at High Activity - Cost at Low Activity) / (Machine Hours at High Activity - Machine Hours at Low Activity)
= ($19,000 - $8,500) / (9,000 - 2,500)
= $10,500 / 6,500
= $1.615
Next, we can calculate the estimated fixed cost element by using the formula:
Estimated Fixed Cost = Total Cost - (Variable Cost per Machine Hour * Machine Hours)
Let's use the high activity month (December) to calculate the estimated fixed cost:
Estimated Fixed Cost = $19,000 - ($1.615 * 9,000)
Estimated Fixed Cost = $19,000 - $14,535
Estimated Fixed Cost = $4,465
Among the given options, the closest value is $4,462.
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After 15 years of trade in the cocoa industry, Madam Echoke decided to expand into 5 different African Countries. She therefore engaged the services of Kwaku Frimpong to trade from Ghana to Nigeria. After three (3) successful trips to Nigeria, Kwaku Frimpong was promoted to handle all 5 African countries. There was a 40-footer container to be shipped to a new client in Rwanda. While the cocoa beans were being transported to Tema Harbour, the truck got stuck for 2 weeks. Finally, the cocoa beans were on board to Rwanda via Maersk Shipping line. The shipping line noticed during the voyage that the cocoa beans were becoming moldy. Discovering that the cocoa beans will greatly devalue before getting to Rwanda, the shipping line got an offer and sold the cocoa beans at Ethopia, after several impossible calls to Kwaku Frimpong. The new buyer paid the agreed price (based on current market value) to Maersk Shipping line's transactional account which was immediately transferred to Kwaku Frimpong. Kwaku Frimpong under-declared the said payment and paid Madam Echoke. Advice Madam Echoke and Kwaku Frimpong.
Madam Echoke and Kwaku Frimpong need to address the situation where the cocoa beans were sold in Ethiopia instead of reaching the intended destination in Rwanda. Kwaku Frimpong under-declared the payment received from the shipping line to Madam Echoke. They should consider taking appropriate actions to resolve the issue and maintain transparency in their business dealings.
In this scenario, it is important for Madam Echoke and Kwaku Frimpong to communicate and address the situation promptly. Firstly, Madam Echoke should discuss the matter with Kwaku Frimpong to understand why the cocoa beans were sold in Ethiopia instead of reaching Rwanda. Kwaku Frimpong's under-declaration of the payment received is a serious issue that needs to be addressed.
To resolve the situation, Madam Echoke should ensure open and honest communication with Kwaku Frimpong. They should discuss the reasons behind Kwaku Frimpong's actions and the potential consequences of under-declaration. It is crucial to maintain transparency and integrity in their business transactions.
Based on the outcome of their discussion, appropriate actions can be taken. This may involve rectifying the financial discrepancies, renegotiating contracts, or establishing new protocols to prevent similar incidents in the future. It is important for both parties to uphold ethical business practices and work towards resolving the situation in a fair and mutually beneficial manner.
Overall, Madam Echoke and Kwaku Frimpong should address the issue with transparency, open communication, and a commitment to maintaining the integrity of their business operations.
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how much should i charge for a dozen homemade cookies
To determine the pricing of your homemade cookies, calculate the total cost of ingredients, add a markup for time spent, overhead expenses and market competition.
Determining the price for a dozen homemade cookies depends on different factors such as the cost of ingredients, your time, overhead expenses, and market competition.
You should calculate the cost of each ingredient that goes into making a dozen cookies.
This includes flour, sugar, eggs, and any other additional ingredients you might be using like chocolate chips, nuts, and sprinkles.
Consider how much you spent to purchase each of these ingredients.
Determine the cost of each cookie by adding up the cost of each ingredient. For example, if each cookie costs $0.25 in ingredients, and you want to earn a profit of $5, you need to sell each dozen for $8.50.
The standard rate for one cookie usually starts at $2.50, so for a dozen cookies, you should charge $30.
You can adjust the prices based on the competition and the time you spent baking.
Ensure that the pricing remains reasonable and within your target market's budget.
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You have been appointed as a management consultant for HashCase and are required to solve the challenges that they are facing. You are expected to develop a strategy and, more importantly, an implementation plan. HashCase is in its early stage entering a highly competitive NFT market. For a platform that allows brands to create and launch NFT collections, HashCase is struggling with the following problems and requires your assistance in resolution. Problem 1: - Formulate a robust go-to-market strategy for launch of the product. - Give a detailed execution plan for the same. Problem 2: - Come up with a customer acquisition plan. - Provide timeline and milestones for your plan to reach first 10k users.
Problem 1: HashCase's go-to-market strategy involves defining the target audience, conducting competitive analysis, positioning the product, and developing a competitive pricing structure. The execution plan includes marketing strategies, targeted outreach, engaging content creation, and the development of a minimum viable product.
Problem 2: For customer acquisition, HashCase will utilize customer profiling, multi-channel marketing, influencer engagement, free incentives, and a referral program. The timeline spans 12 months, aiming to acquire 10,000 users through a phased approach. This comprehensive strategy and implementation plan will enable HashCase to establish a strong presence in the competitive NFT market and attract a significant user base.
Problem 1: Go-to-Market Strategy for HashCase's NFT Platform Launch
Strategy:
1. Define Target Audience: Conduct market research to identify the target audience for HashCase's NFT platform, considering factors such as demographics, interests, and preferences.
2. Competitive Analysis: Gather market insights about the NFT sector, analyze competitors' offerings, and identify gaps or unique selling points that HashCase can leverage.
3. Product Positioning: Determine the positioning of HashCase's NFT platform by highlighting its key features, benefits, and value proposition. Differentiate it from competitors and establish a clear positioning statement.
4. Pricing Structure: Develop a pricing strategy that aligns with market trends and positions HashCase competitively. Consider factors such as platform fees, transaction costs, and value-added services.
Execution Plan:
1. Marketing and Communication Strategies: Develop a comprehensive marketing and communication plan to promote HashCase's NFT platform. Utilize various channels, including social media, content marketing, influencer partnerships, and PR, to generate awareness and interest.
2. Targeted Outreach: Identify potential brand partners and engage in strategic collaborations to create and launch NFT collections. Leverage their existing customer base and influence to drive adoption and attract users to the platform.
3. Engaging Content: Work with designers and creatives to develop visually appealing and engaging content that showcases the uniqueness of NFT collections on HashCase. This includes videos, images, and interactive experiences to captivate potential customers.
4. Minimum Viable Product (MVP): Develop an MVP that allows users to experience the functionality and features of the platform before the official launch. Gather feedback and iterate based on user insights to enhance the user experience.
Problem 2: Customer Acquisition Plan for HashCase's NFT Platform
Plan:
1. Customer Profiling: Create detailed customer profiles based on the identified target audience. Understand their preferences, behavior, and motivations to tailor acquisition strategies effectively.
2. Multi-channel Marketing: Implement a multi-channel marketing approach to reach potential customers. Utilize social media advertising, content marketing, email marketing, search engine optimization, and paid campaigns to increase brand visibility.
3. Influencer Engagement: Identify influential individuals within the NFT community and collaborate with them to promote HashCase's platform. Leverage their credibility and followers to drive user acquisition through endorsements and sponsored content.
4. Free Incentives: Offer incentives such as exclusive access, limited edition NFTs, or promotional discounts to early users. Encourage users to sign up, explore the platform, and share their experiences with their networks.
5. Referral Program: Implement a referral program where existing users are incentivized to refer new users to the platform. Provide rewards or discounts for successful referrals, creating a viral loop for customer acquisition.
Timeline and Milestones to Reach 10k Users:
1. Month 1: Conduct market research, define target audience, and finalize the go-to-market strategy.
2. Months 2-3: Develop the MVP, engage with designers for content creation, and establish partnerships with influential NFT brands.
3. Months 4-6: Launch the MVP, start marketing campaigns, and focus on acquiring the first 1,000 users through targeted channels and influencer collaborations.
4. Months 7-9: Expand marketing efforts, optimize customer acquisition strategies, and aim to acquire an additional 5,000 users through organic and paid campaigns.
5. Months 10-12: Continuously iterate on the product, scale marketing initiatives, and leverage referrals to reach the milestone of 10,000 users.
By following this strategy and implementation plan, HashCase can effectively position itself in the competitive NFT market, acquire a significant user base, and establish a strong presence in the industry.
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1. How has the competitive market changed in 2022 for the
service industry? Explain what service you have chosen and provide
information on what has occurred to the market environment.
2. Provide the effect of enviromental trend on hotel/entertainment/service designs. 3. Provide what the point if fakse (POS) sources provide for organization in order to gain customer insight
The competitive market in the service industry experienced changes in 2022, specifically in the chosen service sector. Details regarding the specific service chosen and the market environment changes will be provided.
Environmental trends have an impact on hotel/entertainment/service designs. The effects of these trends on the design aspects will be explained, highlighting the significance of incorporating environmental considerations in the service industry. Point-of-sale (POS) sources provide valuable customer insights to organizations. The role of POS sources in gaining customer insights and their importance for organizations will be discussed.
The competitive market in the service industry witnessed changes in 2022, particularly in the chosen service sector. For example, in the hospitality industry, there was an increased focus on personalized experiences and technology integration to enhance customer satisfaction. Additionally, the emergence of new competitors and changing consumer preferences influenced market dynamics and strategies adopted by service providers.
Environmental trends have a significant impact on hotel/entertainment/service designs. With increasing environmental awareness and sustainability concerns, the design of these establishments has shifted towards eco-friendly practices. This includes energy-efficient systems, use of renewable resources, waste reduction, and incorporation of green spaces. Such designs not only align with environmental goals but also appeal to environmentally conscious customers, leading to a competitive advantage and improved customer satisfaction.
Point-of-sale (POS) sources, such as transaction data and customer feedback collected at the time of purchase, provide valuable insights to organizations. POS data helps organizations understand customer preferences, purchase patterns, and trends, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding product offerings, pricing, and marketing strategies. Customer feedback obtained through POS sources allows organizations to gather firsthand insights, identify areas for improvement, and enhance the overall customer experience.
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9-15 Describe Celcom's solution to its problem. What people, organization, and technology issues did the solution have to address?
Celcom's solution to its problem was implementing an Oracle-based business support system (BSS) that consolidated customer records, centralized inventory management, and sped up business processes.
What were the people, organization, and technology issues that Celcom's solution had to address?To address its customer experience and improve its market position, Celcom needed to tackle several people, organization, and technology issues. On the people front, the company had to foster a change in corporate culture and mindset with the new CEO leading the way.
The organization had to align its processes and workflows to accommodate the new system and ensure smooth integration across departments. Technologically, Celcom had to implement the Oracle-based BSS which required significant changes in its existing infrastructure and IT systems.
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Blue Apron is a meal kit service that mostly offers meals with simple, but tasty ingredients that are familiar to consumers. Blue Apron is considering adding a new meal plan at a much higher price points that would include premium ingredients such as truffles, blue cheese, and veal. This new meal plan would be an for Blue Apron. Product Mix Extension Brand Line Extension Down Market Extension Up Market Extension
The addition of a new meal plan with premium ingredients such as truffles, blue cheese, and veal would be an Up Market Extension for Blue Apron.
An Up Market Extension refers to a strategy where a company introduces a higher-priced product or service targeting customers in higher market segments.
Blue Apron currently offers meal kits with simple and familiar ingredients, which appeals to a broad range of consumers. By introducing a new meal plan with premium ingredients, Blue Apron would be extending its brand into a higher-end market segment, catering to customers who are willing to pay a premium for gourmet or luxury food options.
This strategy allows Blue Apron to expand its product mix and target a different customer segment, potentially attracting customers with higher disposable income and a preference for premium ingredients.
By offering an up-market extension, Blue Apron aims to capture additional revenue and enhance its brand image as a provider of high-quality and indulgent meal options.
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if nominal gdp is $5 trillion and real gdp is $4 trillion, the gdp deflator is
The resulting GDP deflator is 125. This means that the overall price level in the economy , as measured by the GDP deflator, has increased by 25% compared to the base year used to calculate the real GDP.
It indicates the inflation rate between the nominal and real GDP figures, with 100 representing the base year level.
To calculate the GDP deflator, we can use the following formula:
GDP Deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) * 100
Given that the nominal GDP is $5 trillion and the real GDP is $4 trillion, we can substitute these values into the formula:
GDP Deflator = (5 trillion / 4 trillion) * 100
To simplify the calculation, we can divide the numerator and denominator by 1 trillion:
GDP Deflator = (5 / 4) * 100
Now we can calculate the GDP deflator:
GDP Deflator = 1.25 * 100
GDP Deflator = 125
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Luann and Ella Fredricks are sisters who inherited 20 acres on Feb 22, 20x1 of land. The land had been purchased by their great uncle for $200,000, and their neighbor offered to purchase it from them for $400,000. They declined to sell, deciding to turn it into an orchard, called Luella Orchards. On May 1, 20x1, Luella purchased and planted rootstock (grafted seedlings) for 5 edible apple varietals. These varietals produce edible fruit after 3 full years of planting the seedlings. Because apple trees are not self-pollinating, Luella also planted ornamental crab apple trees as neighboring trees. They planted a total of 100 trees per acre, half to produce apples and half for pollination purposes. The cost of the trees was $20/tree for the first 100 trees and $15/tree for each additional tree, with a flat fee of $20,000 in transportation costs. The trees are required to sit in their pots to acclimate to their new climate for one month. On June 1, 20x1, Luella paid $50,000 in labor and machine rental costs for the initial planting.
Newly planted trees require weekly watering from June to September. The cost of watering is $10,000 for the entire orchard in years 1-3 and drops to $5,000 per year once the trees are well established. In the first 5 years of production (years 4-8), the trees are expected to produce 400 fruits per tree; after 5 years, production is expected to increase to 800 fruits per tree. Apple trees may live for a total of 80 years, but rarely produce consumable fruit after their 50th year.
4. On June 1, 20x1, planting costs should be:
A) Capitalized (added to rootstock) and depreciated, starting in year 1.
B) Capitalized (added to rootstock) and depreciated, starting in year 4.
C) Capitalized as an indefinite lived asset.
D) Expensed immediately.
On June 1, 20x1, the planting costs for Luella Orchards should be A. capitalized (added to rootstock) and depreciated, starting in year 1.
The planting costs incurred by Luella Orchards, which include the cost of purchasing and planting the trees, should be treated as a capital expenditure and added to the cost of the rootstock. This is because these costs are directly associated with the establishment of the orchard and contribute to the long-term production capability of the apple trees. Capitalizing the costs means that they will be recorded as an asset on the balance sheet.
The capitalized planting costs will then be depreciated over the useful life of the rootstock, which in this case is the expected lifespan of the apple trees. The appropriate depreciation method will be used to allocate the cost of the planting evenly over the estimated useful life of the trees.
By capitalizing and depreciating the planting costs starting in year 1, Luella Orchards recognizes the long-term benefits of the investment and aligns the expenses with the periods in which the trees are expected to produce edible fruit. This treatment accurately reflects the economic reality of the orchard's operations and complies with generally accepted accounting principles.
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Where a court declares that a person who has obtained money dishonestly is trustee of that money for the rightful owner it is an example of a. a resulting trust
b. an implied trust
c. a constructive trust
d. a discretionary trust
c. a constructive trust.court declares that a person who has obtained money dishonestly is trustee of that money for the rightful owner it is an example of a. a resulting trust
A court declaring that a person who obtained money dishonestly is a trustee of that money for the rightful owner is an example of a constructive trust.
constructive trust is a legal concept used by courts to prevent unjust enrichment and ensure that someone who has obtained property or assets through wrongful means holds them in a fiduciary capacity for the benefit of the rightful owner. In this case, the court imposes a trust relationship on the dishonest person, treating them as a trustee of the money, even if no formal trust arrangement existed initially. The purpose is to restore the property to its rightful owner and prevent the person who obtained it dishonestly from retaining unjust benefits.
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Why is it that oftentimes banks refuse to lend to many borrowers even though they offer high interest rates? a. To reduce the exposure to diversification risk. b. To reduce the exposure to interest rate risk. c. To reduce the exposure to credit risk. d. To reduce transactions costs e. To reduce the free-rider problem.
The most likely reason why banks may refuse to lend to certain borrowers, even if they offer high interest rates, is to reduce their exposure to credit risk.
Credit risk refers to the possibility that a borrower may default on their loan or be unable to make payments as agreed. Lending to high-risk borrowers increases the likelihood of default and can result in significant losses for the bank.
While diversification risk and interest rate risk can also be factors in lending decisions, they are generally not the primary drivers of loan approval or denial. Diversification risk refers to the risk associated with having too much exposure to a specific sector or type of loan, while interest rate risk refers to the risk associated with changes in interest rates. These risks may influence a bank's lending decisions but are not as critical as credit risk.
Transaction costs and free-rider problems are also not typically major factors in lending decisions, although they may play a role in some cases. Overall, credit risk is likely the most important factor in determining whether or not a bank will approve a loan application.
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The most likely reason why banks may refuse to lend to certain borrowers, even if they offer high interest rates, is to reduce their exposure to credit risk.
Credit risk refers to the possibility that a borrower may default on their loan or be unable to make payments as agreed. Lending to high-risk borrowers increases the likelihood of default and can result in significant losses for the bank.
While diversification risk and interest rate risk can also be factors in lending decisions, they are generally not the primary drivers of loan approval or denial. Diversification risk refers to the risk associated with having too much exposure to a specific sector or type of loan, while interest rate risk refers to the risk associated with changes in interest rates. These risks may influence a bank's lending decisions but are not as critical as credit risk.
Transaction costs and free-rider problems are also not typically major factors in lending decisions, although they may play a role in some cases. Overall, credit risk is likely the most important factor in determining whether or not a bank will approve a loan application.
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the __________ is usually the easiest form of business to start and end.
The sole proprietorship is usually the easiest form of business to start and end.
A sole proprietorship is a company owned and operated by a single person. Since the company and its proprietor are viewed as one legal entity in a sole proprietorship, this form of business is relatively simple to set up and run.
The sole proprietor is responsible for all aspects of the company and is personally liable for its debts and liabilities. The proprietorship's revenues and costs are included on the owner's personal income tax return.
Since there are no formal legal procedures or agreements to be drawn up, the process of ending a sole proprietorship is also simple. A sole proprietorship can be dissolved as simply as it was established, with the owner notifying clients, creditors, and others of the closure. A proprietorship is a sensible business choice for someone who wants to run a company on their own with minimal government intervention.
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Polar Contahers makes high-end cooles for camping. The total task time needed to make a coclor is 370 secondo, with the longest individual task taking 30 seconds. Poiar Containers vould like to set up a line capable of producing 100 cooforo per 9hour day. What is the tain time? What is the maninum outheut per day? (Hint Consider the longest incividual iask time) The takt time is seconds per coolef, (Enteryous response as a whiole number) The naximum output per day is coolers. (Eniter your iesponse as a witole ntamber.
The takt time is 3.7 seconds per cooler. The maximum output per day is 2,430 coolers. To calculate the takt time, we divide the total task time needed to make a cooler by the desired production quantity per day:
Takt Time = Total Task Time / Production Quantity per Day In this case, the total task time is 370 seconds, and the desired production quantity is 100 coolers per 9-hour day. Let's convert the 9-hour day to seconds: 9 hours = 9 * 60 minutes = 9 * 60 * 60 seconds = 32,400 seconds Now we can calculate the takt time: Takt Time = 370 seconds / 100 coolers = 3.7 seconds per cooler The takt time represents the time available for each individual cooler to be produced to meet the desired production rate. To calculate the maximum output per day, we divide the total available time per day by the takt time: Maximum Output per Day = Total Available Time per Day / Takt Time Maximum Output per Day = 32,400 seconds / 3.7 seconds per cooler ≈ 8,757 coolers However, since the desired production quantity is specified as 100 coolers per day, the maximum output per day is limited to that quantity. Therefore, the takt time is 3.7 seconds per cooler, and the maximum output per day is 100 coolers.
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URI basketball T-Shirts are priced at $20 sell at a rate of 30 t-shirts per week, but when the URI bookstore marks them down to $15, it finds that it can sell 100 t-shirts per week. What is the price elasticity of demand for the URI basketball T-shirts? Please calculate using the mid-point formula. Is it elastic, inelastic or unit elastic and WHY? Did the t-shirt make a good decision in lowering the price of t-shirts? WHY OR WHY NOT? Explain by calculating the price elasticity of demand using the midpoint formula and total revenue for each price at $20 and $15 and then use the rules for the price elasticity of demand and the price-total revenue test format to see if t- shirts are elastic, inelastic or unit elastic and WHY and whether it was a good decision for the URI Bookstore to lower or raise the price of URI basketball t-shirts.
Based on the price elasticity of demand and the total revenue test, it can be concluded that the URI Bookstore made a good decision in lowering the price of the URI basketball T-shirts.
To calculate the price elasticity of demand using the midpoint formula, we can use the following formula:
Elasticity = [(Q2 - Q1) / ((Q2 + Q1) / 2)] / [(P2 - P1) / ((P2 + P1) / 2)]
Let's calculate the price elasticity of demand for the URI basketball T-shirts:
Q1 = 30 (quantity at initial price)
Q2 = 100 (quantity at reduced price)
P1 = $20 (initial price)
P2 = $15 (reduced price)
Using the formula, we can plug in the values:
Elasticity = [(100 - 30) / ((100 + 30) / 2)] / [($15 - $20) / (($15 + $20) / 2)]
Elasticity = [(70 / 65) / (-$5 / $17.5)]
Elasticity = (1.0769 / -0.2857)
Elasticity ≈ -3.77
Based on the calculated price elasticity of demand, we can determine that the URI basketball T-shirts are elastic. A price elasticity of demand greater than 1 indicates elasticity. In this case, a 1% decrease in price resulted in approximately a 3.77% increase in quantity demanded.
Lowering the price of the T-shirts was a good decision for the URI Bookstore. When the price was reduced from $20 to $15, the quantity sold increased significantly from 30 to 100 per week. The price elasticity of demand suggests that customers are responsive to price changes, and a decrease in price led to a proportionally larger increase in quantity demanded.
In terms of total revenue, we can calculate it for each price:
Total Revenue at $20 = $20 * 30 = $600
Total Revenue at $15 = $15 * 100 = $1500
We can see that the total revenue increased from $600 to $1500 when the price was lowered. This aligns with the concept of elastic demand, where a decrease in price leads to a more than proportionate increase in revenue.
Therefore, based on the price elasticity of demand and the total revenue test, it can be concluded that the URI Bookstore made a good decision in lowering the price of the URI basketball T-shirts.
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In your opinion, why "Personal Protective Equipment' (PPE) has become the least effective method in controlling the hazard?
PPE alone does not eliminate or mitigate the source of the hazard and relies on individual compliance and proper usage.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, masks, or other equipment designed to protect individuals from workplace hazards. While PPE plays an important role in safeguarding workers, it has limitations that make it the least effective method in controlling hazards.
Firstly, PPE does not eliminate or mitigate the source of the hazard. It only protects the individual wearing it, but it does not address the underlying cause of the hazard or prevent it from occurring. Other control measures, such as engineering controls or administrative controls, aim to eliminate or minimize the hazard at its source, providing more effective and long-term solutions.
Secondly, the effectiveness of PPE relies on individual compliance and proper usage. If workers do not consistently wear or correctly use PPE, it can lead to inadequate protection and increased risk of injury or illness. Factors such as discomfort, lack of training, or negligence can compromise the effectiveness of PPE.
Furthermore, PPE does not address potential exposure pathways. Hazards can still reach workers through inhalation, absorption, or ingestion, even if they are wearing protective equipment. Without addressing these exposure pathways, the overall effectiveness of PPE is limited.
To ensure comprehensive workplace safety, a hierarchy of controls should be followed, with PPE considered as the last line of defense. Engineering controls, such as isolating or removing the hazard, should be the primary focus, followed by administrative controls, such as work procedures and training. Only when these measures are insufficient or not feasible should PPE be relied upon.
In conclusion, while PPE plays a crucial role in protecting workers, it has become the least effective method in controlling hazards due to its limitations in eliminating the source of the hazard, relying on individual compliance, and not addressing exposure pathways. It should be used as a supplement to other control measures in a comprehensive approach to workplace safety.
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explain the three way of how a financial crisis could impact
economic growth.
A financial crisis occurs when there is a sudden reduction in the availability of liquidity in the market. Financial crises have a significant impact on the economy, and they can lead to economic contraction.
Below are three ways a financial crisis can impact economic growth:1. Reduced access to credit - Credit is the lifeblood of the economy, and financial crises can lead to a situation where banks and other lenders stop lending. This can reduce the amount of credit available for businesses and individuals, leading to a reduction in consumption and investment.
Loss of confidence - Financial crises can lead to a loss of confidence in the economy. Investors may start to pull their money out of the market, leading to a drop in stock prices and other assets. This can lead to a further reduction in investment and consumption.
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Why do we use short selfing? When do we gain, and when do we lose accoriling to it? 6. Distinguish the different participants on the NYSE 7. Compare are and contrast "best efforts" with "fired commitment" underwithng Ascertain that you include as a minimum the definition of and benefits of underviling as well as the advantages of a syndicate to complete an IPO. 8. Eincilate regulation of the securities industy. Who are the chitical regulatos and how do they regulate? Why is the structure of it suboptimal 9a) Give an example of asset secmitimation b) Describe 5 aspects of investment banking 10. a)What has happened to transactions costs inter temporally? B) is your money safe in a broker dealer?
The following are answers on investments banking;
5a. Short selling allows investors to hedge their portfolios against potential market downturns.
5b An investor would gain from short selling if the price of the stock goes down. The investor would lose money if the price of the stock goes up.
What more should you know when it comes to market investment?6. The different participants on the NYSE are:
Broker-dealers: These are the firms that facilitate the buying and selling of securities.Market makers: These are firms that are obligated to provide liquidity in the market by buying and selling securities at all times.Investors: They are the individuals or institutions that buy and sell securities.7. Best efforts underwriting is a type of underwriting where the underwriter does not guarantee that the entire issue of securities will be sold. The underwriter only tries its best to sell the securities.
In a firm commitment underwriting, the underwriter commits to purchasing the entire offering from the issuer and assuming the financial risk.
The advantages of underwriting include; It provides liquidity for the issuer and It reduces the risk for the issuer.
8. The critical regulators of the securities industry are:
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): It is responsible for enforcing the securities laws and protecting investors.The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA): FINRA is a self-regulatory organization that oversees the activities of broker-dealers. It is responsible for setting rules and regulations for broker-dealers and for disciplining broker-dealers that violate the rules.The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC): The CFTC is responsible for regulating the trading of futures and options contracts.9. An example of asset securitization is the creation of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), where a pool of mortgage loans is bundled together and sold to investors.
9b. Five aspects of investment banking are:
Underwriting: This is the process of selling new securities to investors.M&A advisory: This is the process of advising companies on mergers and acquisitions.Restructuring advisory: This is the process of advising companies on financial restructurings.Capital raising: This is the process of helping companies raise capital.Research: This is the process of analyzing companies and providing investment recommendations to clients.10. Transaction costs have generally decreased over time due to advancements in technology, increased competition, and regulatory changes.
Your money is safe in a broker dealer that is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). The SIPC is a government-funded organization that protects investors from losses up to $500,000.
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Margin of Safety Comer Company produces and sells strings of colorful indoor/outdoor lights for holiday display to retailers for $8.12 per string. The variable costs per string are as t follows: Direct materials Direct labor Variable factory overhead 0.57 Variable selling expense 0.42 Fixed manufacturing cost totals $245,650 per year. Administrative cost (all fixed) totals $297,606. Comer expects to sell 225,000 strings of lights next year. Required: $1.87 1. Calculate the break-even point in units. units 1.70 2. Calculate the margin of safety in units. units 3. Calculate the margin of safety in dollars. Increase Decrease 4. Conceptual Connection: Suppose Comer actually experiences a price decrease next year, while all other costs and the number of units sold remain the same. Would this increase or decrease risk for the company? (Hint: Consider what would happen to the number of break-even units and to the margin of safety.)
The 148,835 units represent the margin of safety. the Break-Even Point in Units: We must first ascertain the total fixed expenses and the contribution margin per unit in order to compute the break-even point in units.
Total fixed costs are calculated as follows: $245,650 in fixed manufacturing costs plus $297,606 in administrative expenditures, for a total of $543,256.
Selling price per unit - variable cost per unit equals $8.12 - ($0.57 + $0.42) = $8.12 - $0.99 = $7.13. Contribution margin per unit is $8.12 - ($0.57 + $0.42) = $8.12 - $0.99 =
Total fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit = $543,256 / $7.13 76,165 units to determine the number of units needed to reach break-even.
Therefore, 76,165 units roughly represent the break-even threshold in terms of units.
2. To calculate the margin of safety in units, divide the actual sales by the break-even threshold in units. For example, 225,000 units minus 76,165 units is 148,835 units.
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Which of the following has the best debt-to-asset ratio? Allison has total assets of $200 000 and total debt of $200 000. George has total assets of $180 000 and total debt of $100 000. Jakob has total assets of $22 000 and total debt of $11 000. Ellie has total assets of $37 000 and total debt of $20 000
Among the given options, Ellie has the best debt-to-asset ratio. Her total debt of $20,000 is relatively lower compared to her total assets of $37,000. This indicates a stronger financial position and lower financial risk compared to the other individuals.
To determine the debt-to-asset ratio, we divide total debt by total assets and express it as a percentage.
For Allison, the debt-to-asset ratio is 100% ($200,000 / $200,000 * 100).
For George, the debt-to-asset ratio is 55.56% ($100,000 / $180,000 * 100).
For Jakob, the debt-to-asset ratio is 50% ($11,000 / $22,000 * 100).
For Ellie, the debt-to-asset ratio is 54.05% ($20,000 / $37,000 * 100).
Among the options, Ellie has the lowest debt-to-asset ratio, indicating that a smaller portion of her assets is financed by debt. This suggests a more favorable financial position as she has a relatively higher proportion of equity in her assets. Lower debt-to-asset ratios generally signify lower financial risk and greater financial stability.
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If a business practices tax shifting, how does this affect consumers?
a. Consumers enjoy paying lower prices because the business decides to be accountable for the tax burden.
b. Consumers pay higher prices because the business is passing along higher taxes to the consumer.
c. Consumers tend to purchase more from this business because the business is trying to benefit the consumer.
d. Consumers are not affected by tax shifting because this is the practice of paying federal income tax over an extended period of time.
Main answer: b. Consumers pay higher prices because the business is passing along higher taxes to the consumer.
Explanation: When a business practices tax shifting, it means that it is transferring the burden of taxes onto consumers by increasing the prices of its products or services. The business does this to offset the additional costs imposed by taxes. As a result, consumers end up bearing the impact of the increased taxes through higher prices. Option b correctly reflects this outcome, stating that consumers pay higher prices due to tax shifting.
Option a is incorrect because tax shifting does not result in lower prices for consumers. Option c is also incorrect as tax shifting does not directly lead to increased purchases from consumers. Option d is unrelated, as tax shifting is not about the practice of paying federal income tax over an extended period of time, but rather about the impact on consumer prices due to taxes passed on by businesses.
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A firm pretax cost of debt is 7%, re 12% and cost of preferred stock is 8%. 60000-shares-outstanding-at-market price 40 USD 20 000 shares of common stock outstanding at a market price = 40 USD per share. 10000 shares of preferred stock outstanding at the market price-45 USD per share. The bond has face value of 500 000 USD and sells at 95% face value. The tax rate is 30%. What is WACC?
The WACC for the firm is 10.67%. WACC stands for Weighted Average Cost of Capital. It is a financial metric that represents the average cost of financing a company's operations through a combination of debt and equity.
1. Cost of Debt:
The bond sells at 95% of its face value, the effective cost of debt can be calculated as 7% * (1 - 0.95) = 0.35%. (This accounts for the discount at which the bond is sold.)
2. Cost of Equity:
The cost of equity (re) is given as 12%.
3. Cost of Preferred Stock:
The cost of preferred stock is given as 8%.
4. Weight of Debt:
The bond has a face value of $500,000 and sells at 95% of its face value, the market value of debt is $500,000 * 0.95 = $475,000. Therefore, the weight of debt is $475,000 / ($475,000 + $40,000 + $450,000) = 0.475.
5. Weight of Equity:
The market value of common stock is $40 * 20,000 = $800,000. The market value of preferred stock is $45 * 10,000 = $450,000.
Therefore, the total market value of equity is $800,000 + $450,000 = $1,250,000.
The weight of equity is $1,250,000 / ($475,000 + $1,250,000) = 0.725.
6. Weight of Preferred Stock:
The weight of preferred stock is $450,000 / ($475,000 + $450,000 + $800,000) = 0.225.
7. Tax Rate:
The tax rate is given as 30%.
WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt * (1 - Tax Rate)) + (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Preferred Stock * Cost of Preferred Stock)
WACC = (0.475 * 0.35% * (1 - 0.30)) + (0.725 * 12%) + (0.225 * 8%)
WACC = 0.00168 + 0.087 + 0.018
WACC = 0.10668 or 10.67% (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the WACC for the firm is 10.67%.
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What factors are important to a consumer in making his or her consumption-savings decision? (Select all that apply.) A. Real interest rate B. GDP C. Taxes D. Company profits E. Unemployment rate
The factors that are important to a consumer in making their consumption-savings decision include the real interest rate, taxes, and the unemployment rate.
When making consumption-savings decisions, consumers take into account various factors that can impact their financial situation. One of the key factors is the real interest rate, which represents the return they can earn on their savings. A higher real interest rate incentivizes saving as it increases the potential gains from saving and reduces the opportunity cost of consumption.
Taxes also play a significant role in consumer decision-making. Taxes affect the disposable income available for consumption and savings. Higher taxes can reduce the amount of income consumers have for spending and saving, potentially leading to adjustments in their consumption-savings behavior.
Additionally, the unemployment rate is an important factor for consumers. A high unemployment rate can create economic uncertainty, leading consumers to be more cautious with their spending and prioritize saving for future financial security.
Factors such as GDP and company profits are more relevant to the overall state of the economy rather than individual consumer decisions. While they indirectly influence consumer behavior through their impact on employment and income, they are not directly considered by consumers when making consumption-savings decisions.
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Is Microsoft a monopolist? Why? Why not? What are other
examples? Amazon? Walmart?
Yes, Microsoft is a monopolist. A monopolist is a company that has a monopoly on a particular sector or market. A company with a monopoly on a market has exclusive control of that market because it has no real competition.
Microsoft Corporation's market power stems from its near-monopoly in the personal computer operating systems market, with a market share of roughly 80%.According to the US Department of Justice, Microsoft's monopoly on the PC operating system market violated antitrust laws. They were accused of stifling innovation and harming competition by using their market power to dominate other software markets and exclude rivals. However, Microsoft has since been reformed and is now subject to stricter regulatory oversight.
Other examples of monopolies include Amazon, which controls roughly half of all e-commerce sales in the United States, and Walmart, which is the largest retailer in the world and controls a significant portion of the US retail market.
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On January 1, 2020, Bonita Company issued 10-year, $2,060,000 face value, 6% bonds, at par. Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 15 shares of Bonita common stock. Bonita's net income in 2020 was $535,600, and its tax rate was 20\%. The company had 103,000 shares of common stock outstanding throughout 2020. None of the bonds were converted in 2020 . (a) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2020. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, eg. \$2.55.) Diluted earnings per share $ (b) Compute diluted earnings per share for 2020, assuming the same facts as above, except that $1,030,000 of 6% convertible preferred stock was issued instead of the bonds. Each $100 preferred share is corvertible into $ shares of Bonita common stock. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.8. $2.55 ) Diluted earnirves per share
The diluted earnings per share (EPS) for 2020, considering the convertible bonds, is $3.81.
To compute diluted earnings per share (EPS) for 2020, we need to consider the impact of convertible securities on the earnings per share calculation. Let's calculate the diluted EPS in both situations:
(a) Bonds: Calculate the interest expense on the bonds:
Face value of bonds * Interest rate = $2,060,000 * 6% = $123,600
Calculate the tax savings due to the tax-deductible interest expense:
Interest expense * Tax rate = $123,600 * 20% = $24,720
Adjust the net income for the tax savings:
Net income - Tax savings = $535,600 - $24,720 = $510,880
Calculate the potential additional common shares from bond conversion:
Number of bonds * Conversion rate = $2,060,000 / $1,000 * 15 = 31,200 shares
Calculate diluted weighted-average shares outstanding:
Weighted-average shares + Potential additional shares = 103,000 + 31,200 = 134,200 shares
Compute diluted EPS:
Diluted EPS = Adjusted net income / Diluted weighted-average shares
Diluted EPS = $510,880 / 134,200 = $3.81 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the diluted earnings per share (EPS) for 2020, considering the convertible bonds, is $3.81. (b) Convertible Preferred Stock:
The same steps as above would be followed, but with the following changes: Calculate the preferred stock dividend instead of interest expense.
Calculate the additional common shares based on the conversion rate of the preferred stock.
Since the details of the conversion rate for the preferred stock were not provided in the question, please provide the conversion rate so that I can compute the diluted EPS for this situation.
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give a detailed definition of the Gantt Chart and list 5 items
that Gantt presents. Briefly discuss any 5 benefits of using Gantt
charts
A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar graph that graphically depicts a project's schedule. The Gantt chart is used to represent a project's time axis. It's a project management tool that shows the start and end times of project activities, as well as the dependencies between them. In the Gantt chart, each activity is represented by a horizontal bar that spans the duration of the activity. This chart is useful for organizing and scheduling project activities. Five items that Gantt presents are:
1. Activity Name: The name of the activity is presented in the Gantt chart
2. Duration: It shows the duration of an activity in the Gantt chart.
3. Start Date: The Gantt chart displays the start date of an activity.
4. End Date: The Gantt chart displays the end date of an activity.
5. Dependencies: It shows the relationships between activities in the Gantt chart.
Benefits of using Gantt charts are:
1. Better scheduling: Gantt charts assist with project scheduling by breaking down large projects into smaller, more manageable parts and making it easier to meet deadlines.
2. Improved communication: Gantt charts are used to communicate project status to stakeholders, making it easier to keep everyone informed and on the same page.
3. Time management: Gantt charts assist in managing project schedules by allowing project managers to prioritize activities and identify any roadblocks or delays in the schedule.
4. Progress monitoring: The Gantt chart provides a visual representation of the project's progress, making it easy to track and report on progress.
5. Efficient resource allocation: Gantt charts assist with resource allocation by allowing project managers to assign resources to specific activities, ensuring that the right resources are in the right place at the right time.
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Geoff Parker, the owner of Parker Tax Services, started the business by investing $10,600 cash and a building worth $20,600. Identify the general journal entry below that Parker Tax Services will make to record the transaction.
A) Account Title Debit Credit
Cash 10,600 G. Parker, Capital 10,600
B) Account Title Debit Credit
G. Parker, Capital 31,200 Cash 10,600
Building 20,600
C) Account Title Debit Credit
Cash 10,600 Building 20,600 G. Parker, Capital 31,200
D) Account Title Debit Credit
Notes Payable 31,200 G. Parker, Capital 31,200
E) Account Title Debit Credit
G. Parker, Withdrawals 31,200 G. Parker, Capital 31,200
Option (C) is the correct choice. This entry correctly reflects the increase in assets (Cash and Building) and the corresponding increase in the owner's equity (G. Parker, Capital) as a result of the investment made by Geoff Parker.
The correct general journal entry to record the transaction would be:
(C) Account Title Debit Credit
Cash 10,600
Building 20,600
G. Parker, Capital 31,200
Explanation:
The transaction involves Geoff Parker, the owner of Parker Tax Services, investing $10,600 cash and a building worth $20,600 into the business. This transaction increases the assets of the business and the owner's equity.
The entry debits Cash for $10,600, representing the cash investment made by Geoff Parker. This increases the Cash asset account.
The entry debits Building for $20,600, representing the value of the building invested by Geoff Parker. This increases the Building asset account.
The entry credits G. Parker, Capital for $31,200, representing the increase in the owner's equity due to the investment. This recognizes Geoff Parker's ownership interest in the business and increases the owner's capital account.
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