A new strand of DNA is produced by DNA polymerase by lengthening the primer. Primase creates complementary RNA primers for the DNA strand.
To create the majority of the new DNA, DNA polymerase III extends the primers by adding to the 3' end. DNA polymerase I replaces RNA primers with DNA instead. DNA ligase fills the spaces between DNA segments. During DNA replication, the ssDNA-dependent RNA polymerase primase creates RNA primers. A DNA ligase enzyme fills the spaces between the DNA pieces as synthesis progresses by removing the RNA primer and replacing it with DNA nucleotides. RNA primers are created by the enzyme primase.
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What type of reflex is the crossed extensor reflex?
A contralateral response called the crossed extensor reflex enables the body to make up for a stimulation on one side by making changes to the other.
What transpires in an extensor reflex crossed?A contralateral response called the crossover extensor reflex enables the body to make up for a stimulation on one side by making changes to the other. For instance, the lateral extensor reflex causes the body to transfer its weight to the other foot when one foot boots on a nail, protecting and withholding the foot from the nail.
This quizlet will explain crossed extensor reflexes.Extensor reflex crossed. contracts the extensor muscle on the side (contralateral side) that is opposite from the unpleasant stimulation. When one foot is removed off a ground, this forces the opposing leg to bend to support shifting weight.
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What problem did the distilled water in the patient's bloodstream create?
The patients blood was hypertonic
The patients blood was hypotonic
The patients blood was isotonic
Which one is correct^ please help!!
Answer:
The patients blood was hypotonic
Explanation:
Hypertonic means that there is water coming into the blood cells.
Hypotonic refers to water leaving the blood cell.
Isotonic is that balance, there is water coming in and out .
Since there is distilled water in the patient's bloodstream, the water is coming into the cell and swelling/bursting the cell, which is called a hypertonic solution of a red blood cell.
Edit: It can't be Isotonic because Isotonic solution is considered normal and would not cause any problems.
describe how the new x chromosome data supports your hypothesis. change your hypothesis to a new mutation if needed.
New information can either confirm or disprove an existing idea regarding a particular X chromosomal mutation. If the findings are consistent with the hypothesis.
They can offer proof that a mutation is to blame for a certain characteristic or phenotype. On the other hand, if the evidence refutes the hypothesis, it may be essential to amend or modify the hypothesis or to investigate additional possibilities, such as the existence of a different mutation.
More details on the theory, the new X chromosome data, and the connection between the two would be useful in this situation.
A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. The very long, thin DNA strands in most chromosomes are covered with packing proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the histones are the most significant of these proteins.
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suppose that an elephant with the genotype eeffgghh reproduces with an elephant with the genotype eeffgghh. what is the probability that a baby elephant (called a calf) would have the genotype eeffgghh?
The probability that a baby elephant (calf) will have the genotype eeffgghh is 1.0 or 100%.
This is on the grounds that both parent elephants have a similar genotype eeffgghh, and that implies they are homozygous for every one of the alleles that make up their genotype. At the point when these two elephants repeat, every allele for an allowed quality has an equivalent opportunity of being given to the posterity, so the likelihood of getting the eeffgghh genotype from the two guardians is 1.0 or 100 percent. All in all, all posterity from these guardians will have similar genotype as the guardians, eeffgghh. If an elephant with the genotype eeffgghh reproduces with another elephant that also has the genotype eeffgghh, there is a 100% chance that their baby elephant (calf) will have the same genotype, eeffgghh.
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why are the cyanobacteria classified as prokaryotes instead of as eukaryotes like other photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae
Cyanobacteria classified as prokaryotes instead of as eukaryotes because their genomes are smaller and simpler, and they differ from eukaryotes in terms of genetic replication, protein synthesis, and recombination.
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic creatures, as opposed to eukaryotic plants and algae. They lack organelles common in plants and algae, such as a membrane-bound nucleus, chloroplasts, and other organelles. Instead, cyanobacteria use folded inner thylakoid membranes and a double outer cell membrane for photosynthesis. They differ from eukaryotes in terms of cellular processes like replication, protein synthesis, etc.
Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are known as cyanobacteria. They absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and capture solar energy. Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll, just like plants and algae, and they use a process called carbon fixation to turn carbon dioxide into sugar. Nitrogen fixation, the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is changed into ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, is also a skill that cyanobacteria possess.
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2.
Frequencies :
AA:___
Aa:___
aa:____
Genotypes:
P1:____
F1:_____
A gene encoding mouse coat color has two different alleles that either encode gray
Genotype= Bb
Phenotype= Black coat
What is allele?An allele is a contrasting or variant form of a gene. Most genes possess two alleles. According to Mendel's findings in his law of dominance, an allele is capable of masking the expression of another gene.
The allele has been masking or being expressed is called a dominant allele while the allele being masked is called a recessive allele.The alleles of the particular gene can either be in a homozygous or heterozygous state.
Therefore, A gene encoding mouse coat color has two different alleles that either encode gray
Genotype= Bb
Phenotype= Black coat
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where are fleas and ticks most commonly found on a small animal?
Fleas and ticks are most commonly found on the skin and fur of small animals, especially around the neck, head, ears, and legs.
Fleas and ticks are parasites that feed on the blood of animals, including small pets like cats and dogs. They are known to be particularly prevalent in warm, humid environments and are often found in areas where small animals spend a lot of time, such as in long grass, shrubs, and in or around animal dens or nests.
To locate fleas and ticks on a small animal, it is important to closely inspect the animal's skin and fur, especially in areas around the neck, head, ears, and legs. These are common sites for flea and tick infestations because they provide easy access to a blood source and offer protection from grooming behaviors that may remove the parasites. Regular grooming and treatment with flea and tick preventives can help keep fleas and ticks under control.
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What is the formula for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Answer:
The overall formula for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
This equation shows that during photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen, with the help of light energy.
The overall formula for cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
This equation shows that during cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP.
It's important to note that the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in different organelles of a cell, in photosynthesis it occurs in chloroplast in plants and in cellular respiration it occurs in mitochondria. Also, Photosynthesis is an endothermic process while cellular respiration is an exothermic process.
what function stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate and inhibits the production of acid in the stomach
The hormone secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate and inhibits acid production in the stomach.
Secretin is a hormone produced by the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) that regulates the digestive system. It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes the stomach acid, and inhibits the production of gastric acid in the stomach. This helps to maintain a proper balance of acid and alkali in the digestive system, ensuring efficient digestion and reducing the risk of digestive problems.
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) the main function of the respiratory system is to . a) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues b) produce sperm and eggs c) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide d) control body activities through hormones released into the blood e) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal
Answer: C. Supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
the a t: g c ratios in dna of cattle and rat are very similar. would you expect the trna, trnas, and mrnas of the two species to be similar?
Answer:
Yes I would based on the fact they are both mammals
Explanation:
common sense
The A:T:G:C ratios in DNA of cattle and rat being similar does not necessarily mean that their tRNA, tRNAs, and mRNAs will also be similar.
While the DNA sequence provides the blueprint for the production of RNA and proteins, it is the specific sequences of the RNA and proteins that determine their function and structure. The genetic information encoded in the DNA is transcribed into RNA, and the RNA is then translated into proteins. This process is subject to various levels of regulation and modification, including alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, which can result in different functional outcomes even when the DNA sequences are similar. Therefore, similarities or differences in the tRNA, tRNAs, and mRNAs of cattle and rat will depend on the specific sequences of these RNA molecules, rather than the A:T:G:C ratios in their DNA.
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explain how ventilation and lung structure contribute to passive gas exchange
The ventilation is able to maintain the concentration gradient of oxygen as well as carbon dioxide between alveoli and adjacent capillaries. The structure of the lung have alveoli which increase the surface area for gas exchange.
Gas exchange occurs by the help of the process of diffusion across the cell membranes. Gas molecules are able to naturally move down a concentration gradient from a region having higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This process is a passive process that requires no energy.
The air carried through the trachea and bronchi and the bronchioles to the alveoli. The alveoli are able to increase the surface area in the lungs for gas exchange. The moist surface allows the gases to diffuse easily. The ventilation maintains the concentration gradients of oxygen as well as carbon dioxide gas present between the air in alveoli and the blood in adjacent capillaries.
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which of the endocrine glands has a major function in a different organ system
The pancreas is one of the major endocrine glands that has a major function in a different organ system.
The pancreas produces several hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, which regulate the body's metabolism. These hormones are buried into the bloodstream and trip to different organs to regulate the body's carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
Insulin is essential for controlling the position of glucose in the blood, and glucagon is necessary for adding the position of glucose in the blood. Somatostatin helps to control the release of hormones from other endocrine glands,
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Can someone please answer my question
Answer:
Fossil A is older in relative age because it lies beneath fossil B. Older fossils and rock layers are deeper than fossils and rocks that are more recent.
true or false? natural selection is defined as the differential survival and reproduction of a population’s individuals that are genetically identical.
False. Natural selection is not defined as the differential survival and reproduction of a population’s individuals that are genetically identical.
Natural selection is the process by which populations of organisms evolve over time due to differential survival and reproduction of individuals with certain traits. These traits are often determined by the organism's genes, and individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less advantageous traits.
However, natural selection does not require that individuals within a population are genetically identical. In fact, genetic variation is a key component of natural selection, as it provides the raw material for evolution to occur. Different individuals within a population may have slightly different genetic variations, and the traits associated with these variations can lead to differences in survival and reproductive success.
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in the allopatric speciation of ensatina salamanders the geographic barrier separating the diverging populations was the .
The central valley of California is the geographic barrier that separates the diverging population of ensatina salamanders.
The Central Valley can be roughly divided into two parts that are the northern third is known as the Sacramento Valley and the southern two-thirds is the San Joaquin Valley. The San Joaquin Valley can be further divided into the San Joaquin Basin and the Tureale Basin. Major cities in this part of the state include Fresno, Modesto, Stockton, and the state capital, Sacramento. The Central Valley of California's fertile soils and long growing season make it one of the most important agricultural regions in the United States. The Central Valley is a region known for its agricultural productivity.
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Which of these actions is necessary for blood vessels to dilate?
a.) Inhibition of antibody production
b.) Inhibition of the complement system
c.) Secretion of histamines
d.) Concentration of macrophages
The action necessary for dilation of blood vessels is: (c) Secretion of histamines.
Blood vessels are the hollow tube-like structures present all over the body for the transportations of blood and various substances throughout the body. There are three categories of blood vessels in the body: arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the main blood vessels that supply blood to the whole body.
Histamine is a chemical substances released in the body when the immune system is triggered due to an allergic reaction. Histamine triggers the local immune responses. It also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain for the transmission of signals.
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As a group, write at least three statements that describe how the development of new species (speciation) can occur.
When two or more populations become genetically diverse enough to stop breeding with one another, this is known as speciation.
The three ways in which speciation can occur are allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric speciation.
1.) Allopatric Speciation:- Natural selection, mutations, and genetic drift within each group cause populations to grow geographically separated from one another and diverge over time. This process is known as allopatric speciation.
2.) Parapatric Speciation:- When two populations are not entirely distinct, parapatric speciation happens. Although two groups are largely isolated from one another, there is nevertheless sporadic contact.
However, interbreeding between the two populations is harmful and produces children who are less fit.
3.) Sympatric Speciation:- When there is no geographic barrier but populations diverge anyway, this is known as sympatric speciation.
If some individuals choose to fill a new niche, they may eventually become so different from their main group that they are unable to interbreed. The frequency of actual sympatric speciation is a subject of discussion.
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is it possible to find Permian rocks beneath devonian rocks PLS HELP FAST DUE IN 5 MIN
Answer: Yes, it is possible to find Permian rocks beneath Devonian rocks.
Explanation: The Permian and Devonian are both geological time periods that occurred during different eras in Earth's history. The Devonian period occurred between approximately 419 million and 359 million years ago, while the Permian period occurred between approximately 299 million and 252 million years ago.
Through the study of stratigraphy, geologists understand the order and relative ages of different rock layers (strata) in a given area. These geologists use the principle of superposition, which states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the youngest rocks such as Permian rocks, are found on top, while the oldest rocks, such as Devonian rocks, are found at the bottom.
Despite the typical sequence of sedimentary rocks, it is possible that Perimian rocks can be beneath Devonian rocks through geological processes, such as folding, faulting, and erosion. These processes can disrupt the original order of rock layers, causing older rocks to be found on top of younger rocks in certain areas.
This morning you decided to cook yourself a breakfast burrito that contained eggs and bacon. Explain to your neighbor or LA why you should not pour the left over hot bacon grease (animal fat) down the drain, but you can pour the left over hot olive oil (plant fat) from the eggs you made down the drain. Use the terms saturated, unsaturated, hydrocarbon, and intermolecular interactions
When you consider how frequently I've been asked to speak at conferences for food bloggers, it's really embarrassing.
Cake Wrecks is sometimes grouped with the more serious culinary blogs, so being asked to attend these events as a guest of honor makes me feel like an impostor on two different levels. (Although I will confess that I can bake a little. If you count box mixes, you know.)
John is an excellent cook who produces the tastiest omelets and crepes you've ever had, but he would rather watch Gordon Ramsey yell at other people than actually prepare anything.
We therefore survive on takeout, eating out, and leftovers from both. protein bars are also. sandwiches and cereal, too. It's not quite as horrible as it seems.
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Inheriting Sex Chromosomes
Figure 2 Using the genotype given
for the mother and father, complete the
Punnett square to show the genotype of
their offspring
Which parent
contributes the sex chromosome that
determines the sex of the offspring?
Answer:
the father
Explanation:
the man's sperm contains identical numbers of X and Y chromosomes. A girl is born when a man's X and a woman's X combine, and a boy is born when a man's Y and a woman's X combine.
What can you ask about creating a model to represent the breakdown of fresh water?
Answer:
The most reasonable and realistic ways to represent these bodies of water would be by drawing a picture, creating a map, or building a model.
Explanation:
right
Explained simply how our use of science in transport and generating electricity is having a global effects on the environment?
Despite being a generally safe and clean kind of energy when it is used, electricity generation and transmission have an impact on the environment.
The environment is impacted by almost all types of electric power plants, but some have more of an impact than others.
A major component of each person's environmental footprint is the consumption of electricity, which accounts for around 40% of the total energy utilized in the United States.
The amount of fuel required to produce and use power more efficiently decreases, as does the amount of greenhouse gases and other air pollution that is released as a result.
Since no fuels are burned while producing electricity from renewable sources like solar, geothermal, and wind, it generally has no impact on global warming or local air pollution.
In the US, laws are in place to control how producing and transmitting power affects the environment. Most power stations are required to comply with the Clean Air Act's air pollution regulations.
The Clean Air Act is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which also establishes emission restrictions for power plants through a number of initiatives like the Acid Rain Program.
In the United States, emissions of some main air pollutants have been significantly reduced thanks to the Clean Air Act.
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when administering the ia block, what other nerve may inadvertently be anesthetized if bone is not contacted? group of answer choices psa facial nerve lingual nerve mandibular nerve
When administering the IA block, the mandibular nerve may inadvertently be anesthetized if the bone is not contacted.
A dental procedure called an IA (intraoral) block is used to sedate a particular part of the mouth. An IA block aims to numb and relieve pain by injecting an anesthetic close to the target nerve.
However, other nerves nearby may also become anesthetized if the bone is not directly injected into it.
The mandibular nerve, which controls sensation in the chin, lower lip, and lower jaw, is the most frequent nerve that can unintentionally get anesthetized in this circumstance.
If the anesthetic spreads in the wrong way, this nerve, which is near the location of the IA block, could be damaged.
The lingual nerve, which is in charge of sensation in the tongue, as well as the facial nerve, which regulates the muscles of the face, are additional nerves that could be impacted. The PSA (pterygomandibular) nerve may additionally be anesthetized, however, this is less frequent.
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a liquid has a ____________ shape that ____________ conform to the container shape, but only to the extent of the liquid's volume; that is, a liquid ____________ form an upper surface.
A liquid has a free-flowing shape that can conform to the container shape, but only to the extent of the liquid's volume; that is, a liquid can form an upper surface.
A liquid has an adaptable, fluid shape that adjusts to the contours of its container.
The shape of a liquid is determined by its volume, and it will assume the form of its container to the fullest extent possible without spilling over. Liquids are unique in their ability to fill containers and assume their shape, yet maintain a distinct and constant volume.
The surface of a liquid always forms a flat and level plane, which is known as the upper surface.
This is due to the cohesive forces between the molecules that make up the liquid, which prevent the liquid from flowing uncontrollably and maintain a stable form.
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A scientist breeds a family of white mice The Father mouse was white, the mother mouse was white, and all of the baby mice were white. Both parents had parents who were white Label the family below8. Phenotype 9 Genotype 10 Phenotype 11 Genotype 12 Phenotype 13. GenotypeLook Figure
One family of white mice is bred by a scientist. White mice made up the mother mouse, the father mouse, and all of the young mice. It was a white Label family that both parents came from. They have the genotype bb.
Phenotype
Their genotype is bb, and both the father's and mother's mice have the white phenotypic.
When both parents are crossed at once, we obtain bb x bb F1 bb.
Since their genotype is bb, all of their offspring are white.
A true-breeding family, they all exhibit the parental trait and no additional traits arise in subsequent generations.
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You come in contact with germs/ bacteria internal or external?
Answer: Inside
Explanation:Some bacteria live in and on our bodies and don’t cause problems. Other kinds of bacteria (as well as parasites and viruses) can make us very sick if they get inside our bodies. Bacteria and viruses can live outside of the human body (such as on a countertop) sometimes for many hours or days.To cause disease the germs has to enter our body
Compare and contrast the prokaryotic kingdoms
Answer:
Bacteria: cells do not contain a nucleus. Archaea: cells do not contain a nucleus; they have a different cell wall from bacteria.
Bacteria have a unique compound called peptidoglycan in cell walls. Archaea have unique phospholipids in their plasma membrane and hydrocarbon tails that contain isoprene.
Explanation:
Please watch the video that I am sending "Punnett Squares and Sex-Linked Traits" from Amoeba Sisters to answer these questions
Questions:
1. What is hemophilia?
2. Is hemophilia dominant or recessive?
3. What are the chromosomes for a female?
4. What are the chromosomes for a male?
5. Which chromosome is hemophilia attached/carried on?
6. Are males or females more likely to have hemophilia?
7. What is a carrier?
8. Who can be a carrier of hemophilia?
9. Does a carrier have hemophilia?
10. What are the alleles for a carrier of hemophilia?
11. What are the alleles for a male with hemophilia?
12. What are the alleles for a male with normal blood clotting?
13. What are the alleles for a female with normal blood clotting?
14. what are the alleles for a female with hemophilia?
15. What treatments are there for hemophilia? (may need to look this one up)
Note that:
Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder where blood doesn't clot properly.Hemophilia is a recessive trait.The chromosomes for a female is XX; whileThe chromosomes for a male is XYHemophilia is carried on the X chromosome.Males are more likely to have hemophilia than females.A carrier is a person with a single copy of a disease-causing gene.Women can be carriers of hemophilia, also a person (male or female) who is asymptomatic can be a carrier.A carrier is a person who is asymptomatic, that is he or she is not affected by the condition of hemophilia but can pass it on.Carrier of hemophilia has the following alleles - XhX, XhYThe alleles for a male with hemophilia is - XhYThe alleles for a male with normal blood clotting is XHYThe alleles for a female with normal blood clotting is XXThe alleles for a female with with hemophilia is XhXNote that the treatments for hemophilia include : clotting factor replacements andgene therapy.What causes hemophilia?Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding condition in which the blood fails to clot normally. This can result in both spontaneous and post-injury or surgical bleeding. Blood includes several proteins known as clotting factors that can aid in the prevention of bleeding.
Despite its rarity, acquired hemophilia is a dangerous illness in which severe bleeding can occur in a substantial percentage of patients (70%) and is fatal in roughly five to ten percent of cases.
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you made a wet mount slide of each blood/solution mixture when testing for tonicity. what did you learn from this?
When testing for tonicity, you made a wet mount slide of each blood/solution mixture. You learned that the cells had shriveled (crenated) in the tube with the highest concentration of solutes.
Tonicity in cells is the ratio of the solute concentration outside the cell to the solution concentration in the cytoplasm. In this activity, the tonicity of each solution was determined by placing blood cells in various concentrations of solutions.
When the cells are placed in a solution that is extremely concentrated (hypertonic), the water that was inside the cell moves outside, causing them to shrink (crenate). On the other hand, when the solution is hypotonic, the cells will absorb more water and eventually burst.
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(Complete question)
You made a wet mount slide of each blood/solution mixture when testing for tonicity. What did you learn from this?
Both opaque tubes contained completely normal-looking blood cells.
The difference in tonicity did not affect the red blood cells at all.
The temperature had a significant effect on the red blood cells.
The red blood cells were too small to block light.
In the tube with the highest concentration of solutes, the cells had shriveled (crenated).
