which of the following is always true concerning the base composition of dna? a. in a molecule of double stranded dna, the ratio of adenine residues to thymine residues equals the ratio of cytosine residues to guanine residues. b. in a molecule of double stranded dna, the number of adenine residues plus thymine residues equals the number of cytosine residues plus guanine residues c. in each single strand, the number of adenine residues equals the number of thymine residues d. in each single strand, the number of purine residues equals the number of pyrimidine residues e. in each single strand, the number of adenine residues equals the number of guanine residues
This is due to the fact that in a dsDNA, guanine pairs with cytosine and adenine pairs with thymine. But the mole ratio of purines in the DNA of the sample that was provided.
Is it accurate to say that the base pairs adenine and guanine make up a DNA molecule?two DNA bases. Adenine (A) and thymine (T) and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together in typical circumstances for nitrogen-containing bases. Adenine and thymine are always equal, but are they always paired .
Together to form the structure of DNA?Imagine a DNA strand. Adenine and thymine are always equal, as are cytosine and guanine, therefore we may calculate the percentages of each base by pairing it with a certain partner.
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Members of the group a streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following except
A. Strep throat
B. Scarlet fever
C. Rheumatic fever
D. Pharyngitis
E. Epiglottitis
OPTION E is correct - Epiglottitis
When the epiglottis, a tiny cartilage "lid" that covers the windpipe, expands, it is said to have epiglottitis. The swollen area prevents air from entering the lungs. Epiglottitis may result in death. The epiglottis can enlarge for a variety of reasons. These causes include throat injuries, infections, and burns from hot liquids.
Anyone can develop epiglottitis at any age. Once, it was mainly understood by kids. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacterial infection was the most frequent cause of epiglottitis in youngsters. The bacterium also brings on blood infections, meningitis, and pneumonia.
Epiglottitis in children is now uncommon thanks to the widespread use of the Hib vaccine for infants. It increasingly affects more adults. To avoid fatal complications, the condition needs to be treated right away.
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Which statement below about nucleotides is TRUE? a)Base pairing occurs between the 5' and 3' carbons of the sugar in a nucleotide b)A deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) becomes DNA nucleotide during polymerization. c)In a nucleotide the base is either deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA) d)A nucleotide is composed of two nitrogenous bases, sugar; and phosphate group
Of the four statements given, statement c) is TRUE. The base of a nucleotide can either be deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA).
Base pairing occurs between the nitrogenous bases in a nucleotide and not between the 5' and 3' carbons of the sugar, so statement a) is FALSE.
A deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) does become a DNA nucleotide during polymerization, making statement b) TRUE. DNA polymerization occurs when a DNA polymerase binds to a dNTP, and adds it to the 3' end of a growing strand of DNA.
In summary, statement c) is TRUE, statement a) is FALSE, and both statement b) and d) are TRUE. A nucleotide is composed of two nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate group, and a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) becomes a DNA nucleotide during polymerization.
A nucleotide is a building block of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. It is composed of two nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate group.
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which of the following statements about mitosis is true? a) the chromosome number in the resulting cells is halved. b) dna replication is completed in prophase. c) crossing over occurs during prophase. d) two genetically identical daughter cells are formed. e) it consists of two nuclear divisions.
Two genetically identical daughter cells are formed, Mitosis occurs in all body cells except gametes (sex cells), the chromosome number in the resulting cells is identical to the parent cell, DNA replication is completed before the cell divides these statements are True.
In the cell cycle, the newly generated DNA is divided during mitosis, which also results in the formation of two new cells with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.Asexual reproduction is a process known as mitosis that is seen in unicellular organisms. As a result of the identical chromosome number in the parent and daughter cells, the cell is sometimes referred to as equational cell division.The cell cycle phase known as mitosis occurs when a cell's nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei, each of which contains an equal amount of genetic material. After the G2 phase, it is followed by the cytoplasmic division phase.To know more about mitosis check the below link:
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the saclike structure around the heart is the: a pericardium. b endocardium. c myocardium. d epicardium.
Answer:
Pericardium
Explanation:
Surrounding the heart is a saclike fibrous structure called the pericardium. Its function is mainly to protect the heart from overdistention (stretching too much when being filled with blood), and to maintain efficient function despite surrounding organs and structures.
Part A
All of the following are functions of blood except
a. transporting gases and hormones
b. regulating pH:
c. defending against pathogens
d. regulating ion concentration
e. generating action potentials
Answer:
B. Regulating pH
Explain why is it important to monitor environmental parameters when making policies involving source use?
When deciding on source usage policies, it's crucial to keep an eye on environmental indicators in order to reduce the impact of human influence.
What are parameters example?When describe the entire population under study, a parameter is utilized. For instance, we are interested in understanding the typical length of a butterfly. This information about the total insect population makes it a parameter.
What are considered parameters?A statistics is a number that describes a sample, whereas a parameter is indeed a number that represents the entire population (such as the population mean) (e.g., sample mean). Discovering variables helps quantitative research understand population features.
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combination therapy for hiv is based on the assumption that it highly unlikely for multiple simultaneous mutations to cause resistance to each of the drugs used.true or false
Combination therapy (combination of many medications) is typically used to treat HIV in order to prevent the virus from developing drug resistance through selective mutation.
The major justification for using a combination of medicines in HIV therapy is that the HIV virus needs more mutations to become resistant to different medications.
Resistance to the several medications must be ensured by separate mutations alone.
Even though the mutation rate of HIV is quite high the possibility that several resistance mutations would develop concurrently in a single virion is practically improbable.
So the answer is true ,
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Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle.
Yes, peristalsis is a contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle fibers in the walls of the digestive tract that helps push food and liquid through the body.
The Role of Smooth Muscle in PeristalsisPeristalsis is a vital process that helps us to digest our food. It is a wave-like motion of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle fibers in the walls of the digestive tract. The process begins in the esophagus, where the muscles contract in a circular motion to move food downward.
As the food moves further down the digestive tract, the muscles relax and contract in a sequential pattern to push the food through the digestive system. The process is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, and it continues until the food has been digested and absorbed into the body. Peristalsis is an important process that helps us to stay healthy and nourished!
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the wings of birds and of bats are: a) homologous as both wings and forelimbs b) analogous as both wings and forelimbs c) homologous as wings and analogous as forelimbs d) analogous as wings and homologous as forelimbs
The bats and birds wings are b) analogous as both wings and forelimbs in both individuals.
Analogies are the end result of convergent evolution. Interestingly, aleven though fowl and bat wings are analogous as wings, as forelimbs they're analoguos. Birds and bats did now no longer inherit wings from a not unusualplace ancestor with wings, however they did inherit forelimbs from a not unusualplace ancestor with forelimbs.
Bat and fowl wings are examples of analogous structures. The wings of the bats are made from feathers that make bigger all alongside the arm. However, the wings of bats include flaps of pores and skin that reach among the bones of the hands however the wings of each organisms carry out the same characteristic of flying.
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which chamber of the heart receives the deoxygenated blood from the systemic system first?
The right atrium receives the deoxygenated blood from the systemic system first.
What does the term heart chamber means?
There are four empty places in your heart that make up your heart chambers. Your right atrium and left atrium are the names of your upper chambers. The terms "right ventricle" and "left ventricle" refer to your lower chambers. Your chambers cooperate to control the rate of your heartbeat.
The heart has two atria and two ventricles, making up its four chambers.Blood with low oxygen content is drawn from the body and pumped to the right ventricle via the right atrium.The blood with less oxygen is sent to the lungs via the right ventricle.Blood that is rich in oxygen is drawn from the lungs and pumped to the left ventricle by the left atrium.Blood enriched in oxygen is pumped to the body by the left ventricle.Hence right atrium receives deoxygenated blood
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What opens first in response to a threshold stimulus?
A stimulus first causes sodium channels to open. Since there are a lot more sodium particles outwardly, and within the neuron is negative compared with the outside, sodium particles hurry into the neuron.
Sodium has a positive charge, so the neuron turns out to be more sure and becomes depolarized. It takes more time for potassium channels to open. At the point when they do open, potassium surges out of the cell, turning around depolarization. Likewise, at about this time, sodium channels begin to close. This makes the activity expected to return toward - 70 mV (repolarization). The activity potential really goes past - 70 mV (a hyperpolarization) on the grounds that the potassium channels stay open all in all too long. Bit by bit, the particle focuses return to resting levels and the cell gets back to - 70 mV.
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How many amino acids are common to most living systems? 10 20 30 100
There are 20 amino acids common to most living systems
The body needs proteins to participate in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and urea
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein that determine the quality of a protein. There are 20 amino acids which are the building blocks of protein. The 20 amino acids consist of 9 essential amino acids and 11 non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be produced by the body, but these amino acids can be obtained from food.
Here are some essential amino acids that can be obtained from food and drink, namely valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and lysine.
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Which of these is not a sign that a
goat or sheep my be sick?
A. Diarrhea
B. Trimmed hooves
C. Losing weight
D. Loss of appetite
All of the following are characteristics of cholesterol EXCEPT: 0 It is used for making sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) 0 It is converted to bile 0 It js incorporated into cell membranes It is an essential nutrient
The correct option regarding the characteristics of cholesterol is option D) its is an essential nutrient.
To produce essential steroid hormones like oestrogen and progesterone as well as vitamin D, your body requires cholesterol. In addition, cholesterol is required for the production of bile acids, which dissolve fat, vitamin D, and hormones (such as testosterone and oestrogen). It is the liver which is responsible for making cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is responsible for making vitamin D in body.
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after several weeks of no rain during the summer, you observe that leaves of some plants are wilted. which of the answer choices would you expect to observe at the cellular level with respect to photosynthesis?
Because there isn't enough water photosynthesis, the rate of degradation of chlorophyll molecules will be slower.
What is the most likely reason for the seedlings grown in the dark losing biomass?What causes the dark-grown seedlings to lose biomass, and what scenario is MOST likely? - Plants exposed to darkness do not produce the same amounts of cellular respiration and ATP as plants exposed to light.
What comes first in photosynthesis?The initial phase is known as the light reactions because it only takes place when light is present. These early processes utilize water, which releases oxygen. A tiny quantity of ATP and the energy transporter NADPH are produced from the energy of sunlight.
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a process that exhibits random variability would be judged to be out of control.
When a process displays random variability, it would be considered to be out of control. False; random unpredictability is present in every process.
What is process short answer?The process is a collection of choices and actions used to carry out work. Although we may not be aware about them, processes are present in every sphere of our lives, including work and pleasure. Several instances of processes might be: breakfast preparation. ordering something.
Why is process definition important?Business processes aid in staying focused inside your organization, preventing errors, and accelerating worker productivity. Without clearly defined processes, it is impossible to ensure that a task will always be completed in the same way.
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________ split from a common hominoid ancestor.
Humans and chimpanzees
Humans and chimpanzees
Greater apes and lesser apes
Greater apes and lesser apes
Primates and mammals
Option A, Chimpanzees and humans diverged from a single hominoid progenitor.
It has been proven via research on proteins, fossils, and genetics that chimpanzees and humans shared a common ancestor several million years ago. The majority of experts concur that the sub-group of "humans" known as hominins separated from chimpanzees and other apes between five and seven millennia ago.
The majority of molecular recorders estimated the separation between chimpanzees and humans at the time and many subsequently to have occurred only 5–6 million years ago.
An extinct hominine known as Sahelanthropus tchadensis has some features that have been argued to be consistent with the CHLCA.
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Answer:Greater apes and lesser apes
Explanation:
Drag each of the following labels into the appropriate box to identify which motor division of the peripheral nervous system is described.
The peripheral nervous system is simply divided into 2 types, which are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
SOMATIC
Voluntaryprincipally involved with the movement "of" the bodyskeletal muscles activationAUTONOMIC
Involuntarylacrimal gland activationintestinal smooth muscle activationprincipally involved with movement "through" the bodysweat gland activationarrector pili activationcan be excitatory or inhibitory on the target organThe peripheral nervous system (PNS) is simply known as the division of the nervous system which has all the nerves that are found outside of the central nervous system (CNS).
Its primary role is to connect the central nervous system to various organs such as the limbs, and skin. simply divided into 2 types, which are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
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based on the histology of a renal tubule, which section would be most severely inhibited if simple squamous epithelium were damaged?
The section would be most severely inhibited if simple squamous epithelium were damaged in a Thin segment of the nephron loop.
The lumen consists of a simple squamous epithelium. This part of the nephron is difficult to distinguish from adjacent capillaries, except for the lack of red blood cells in the lumen. Finally, there is the distal tubule. These tubules are fewer in number than the proximal tubules.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is primarily involved in blood pressure regulation by regulating blood volume sodium reabsorption potassium secretion water reabsorption, and vascular tone. The myogenic response is the reflex response of afferent arterioles to changes in blood pressure. Increased blood pressure increases the tension in the walls of blood vessels and causes the smooth muscles of blood vessels to contract.
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Which repair process in E. coli uses visible light to repair thymine dimers? Which repair process in E. coli uses visible light to repair thymine dimers?
photoreactivation repair
nonhomologous end joining
homologous recombination (synthesis-dependent strand annealing)
base excision repair
nucleotide excision repair
The bonds created during pyrimidine dimerization are repair during photoreactivation using the enzyme photolyase. The photolyase repair mechanism in E. coli binds a thymine dimer created by UV light.
Two-strand DNA damage in Escherichia coli(E. coli), which is mostly created during replication on template DNA with one-strand damage, is repaired by recombination with a homologous undamaged duplex, often the sister chromosome. DNA repair from exposure to UV light may be repaired by E. coli, which are DNA repair enzymes. Both the activation of these enzymes and the actual DNA repair process depend on visible light .
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In guinea pigs, a black coat (B) is dominant to an albino coat (b), and short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). A BbHh guinea pig is crossed with a bbHH guinea pig. If 30 offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be A) black with short hair, B) albino with short hair, and C) albino with long hair?
When A BbHh guinea pig is crossed with a bbHH guinea pig at that time the gametes are are the progeny produced. The gametes out from BbHh will be BH,bh,Bh and bH and on the other side the gametes are bH, bH, bH and bH. 16 offsprings are produced and from these only 8 black short hair with 8 albino short are produced.
What is the homozygous condition ?It is the condition in which the gametes that are present are identical that is same type of gametes are present.
In this condition given, firstly 16 offspring are produced and from these 8 are albino short, 8 are black short since there is no long hair for h present in the second pig that is mated there will be no chance of long hair in the progeny.
The gametes out from two are BH,bh,Bh and bH from the 1st pig and bH,bH,bH and bH. On fusing it forms BbHH,bbHh,BbHh,bbHH,BbHH,bbHh,bbHH,BbHH,bbHh,BbHh,bbHH,bBHH,bbHH,BbHh and bbHH.
8 are black short and 8 are albino short.
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in photosynthetic cells, which reactions is (are) responsible for the synthesis of atp by chemiosmosis?
Energy is released as the electrons travel along the inner mitochondrial membrane's electron transport chain, and this energy is used to push protons against their concentration gradient out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the intermembranous space.
A membrane, a gradient of protons across the membrane, the membrane-localized molecular enzyme ATP synthase, ADP, and inorganic phosphate are all that are required for a cell to make ATP. The proton gradient across the membrane provides the energy needed to drive ATP synthesis.
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arrange the steps of the contraction cycle in the correct order from left to right.
Cycle of Contraction starts. Exposure to active sites. Formation of a cross-bridge. Moving Myosin Head. Bridge Crossing Detachment Reactivation of myosin.
What is myosin and actin?Actin and myosin, two protein molecules found in muscles, are primarily responsible for the muscle contraction in both humans and animals. Actin and myosin both work by regulating the body's voluntary muscle motions.
What is myosin also known as?Referred to as actin and myosin (or thin and thick filaments, respectively). The sarcomere, which is located inside a muscle fiber between two Z lines (or Z discs), is made up of two populations of cytoskeleton that are arranged around thick myofilaments which project from opposing Z lines inside an antiparallel fashion.
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9. Compare and contrast respiration in fish and in humans. What is the goal of respiration? How is
this goal accomplished?
Answer: The goal of respiration is to provide cells with oxygen to perform daily and normal tasks
Explanation:
which of the following statements is true of both membrane potential responses shown in the graphs?
Both responses are examples of graded potentials. Which are shown in graph
Graded potentials are produced by stimuli opening a gated channel and are local potentials. They cannot spread over long distances away from the stimulation. 1. Sodium ions enter cells, attracted to negative charges on inner membrane surfaces. As positive charges move outward, membrane potential moves toward 0 mV.
any change in electric potential of a neuron that is not propagated along the cell (as is an action potential) but declines with distance from the source. Kinds of graded potential include receptor potential postsynaptic potentials, and subthreshold potentials.
They include diverse potentials such as receptor potentials, electrotonic potentials, subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, slow-wave potential, pacemaker potentials, and synaptic potentials, which scale with the magnitude of the stimulus.
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microbiology encompasses the study of organisms that are too small to be viewed with the unaided eye. these include not only viruses and bacteria but also eukaryotic organisms such as protozoa, fungi, and algae. although most helminths (worms) and arthropods (including insects and arachnids) are not microscopic, many have life cycle stages, such as eggs or larvae, that are microscopic, so these organisms are included in the study of microbiology. eukaryotic pathogens cause infectious diseases that are extremely prevalent in many parts of the world. some of these diseases, including malaria, schistosomiasis, amebiasis, hookworm, african trypanosomiasis, and intestinal helminths, rank among the top 20 microbial causes of death worldwide. this activity will introduce these eukaryotic pathogens and stress some of the fundamental differences among the major groups.
Microbiology is a scientific discipline that studies tiny organisms that are too small to be seen with the bare eye.
What are Eukaryotic pathogens?
Eukaryotic pathogens are organisms such as fungi, protozoa, and larvae that can cause disease in plants and animals. These pathogens are usually spread through contact with an infected individual or animal, through contact with an infected environment, or through food or water contaminated with the pathogen. They can cause a variety of diseases, ranging from mild to severe, including malaria, cholera, and HIV/AIDS. Some eukaryotic pathogens can also cause serious and life-threatening infections, such as cryptococcal meningitis.
The organisms in microbiology include bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Helminths and arthropods, such as insects and arachnids, are not microscopic, but many of them have microscopic life-cycle stages, such as eggs or larvae, which are also studied in the field of microbiology.
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What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species?
A) community
B) organism
C) ecosystem
D) population
community level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species.
What is ecology?
Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
A biological community consists of all the populations of different species that live in a given area. Community ecologists focus on interactions between populations and how these interactions shape the community. Community ecologists study interspecific interactions, like predator-prey and competition. There are also symbiotic interactions like mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
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write a description of the flowers and leaves of a plant known as the Stargazer Lily. Images of this plant are included in this week’s slides, but you are also encouraged to use the internet to find more info and pictures. Note the numbers of the different floral parts (stamen, pistil, petals, sepals), colors and other characteristics of the flowers, inflorescence type, leaf type, shape, margin and basal attachment arrangement. Use the correct anatomical terms in your descriptions.
Description
1)Flower:
2) Inflorescence:
3) Leaves:
The Orential group of lilies includes the easy-to-grow erect hybrid known as the Stargazer Lily. Large spectacular pink blooms with white margins and dark pink stripes grow on it, along with a potent aroma. Plant it in loamy soil that receives full light.
What does the Stargazer represent?Stargazers are thought to represent innocence and purity, however the meaning varies depending on the flower's hue. A pink stargazer lily, for instance, represents riches and fortune. White stargazers, of course, denote innocence and purity, while yellow stargazers indicate gladness.
What makes it a stargazer lily?To combat this gloomy appearance, Leslie Woodriff, a lily breeder in California, developed the "Stargazer" lily in 1974. The new cross was given the name "Stargazer" by Woodriff because the flowers faced towards the sky.
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arthropods have a steady growth pattern growing bigger over time. group of answer choices true false
The statement that arthropods have a steady growth pattern growing bigger over time is false.
Arthropods are the organisms with bilaterally symmetrical body and their body possesses an external skeleton. The prominent examples of arthropods are insects, crabs, spiders etc. Arthropods generally grow by forming new segments near the tail, or the posterior end. Arthropods generally shed their exoskeletons periodically by the process called as molting. Since the exoskeleton is a hard structure and its outer layer is non-living or dead, it cannot grow larger in size by small increments as seen in the human skeleton. There are basically four distinct stages in the life cycle of the arthropods which are classified as egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
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