A function of a part of a cell where it helps maintain cellular homeostasis by modifying sorting and packaging proteins for body transportation is the Golgi apparatus.
Homeostasis in colonies of organisms or unicellular organisms is regulated by secreted proteins and small molecules that often act as signals. Intracellular homeostasis is maintained by the regulation and exchange of matter and energy with the environment.
Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for systemic enzymatic activity and all cellular functions. Maintaining a constant internal environment even when internal and external conditions change. In the human body, these include controlling Blood sugar concentration. The most important structure that maintains cell homeostasis is the cell membrane.
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assume that simple mendelian inheritance is at play. which of the following represent the possible genotypes resulting from a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for black hair (bb; where b is black and b is blonde)?
Bb, bb and BB. A mating experiment between two heterozygous organisms that are equally hybrid for two allele traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross.
A heterozygous organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a certain genetic location, making it a hybrid. Only gametes with particular parental genetic combinations will result from a cross between two heterozygous parents with connected loci. Progeny with the paternal phenotype will result from the fusion of these parental gametes. An organism with a heterozygous genotype possesses both a dominant and a recessive allele. This genotype's designation in our case is Bb. Finally, homozygous recessive refers to an organism's genotype that consists of two recessive alleles.
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Describe the processes of how carbohydrates, protein and fats are digested. Include in your answer the location, cells involved and the digestive molecules needed.
Enzymes assist in breaking down large molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates into smaller ones that can be quickly absorbed by the body.
How are proteins, carbs, and lipids digested?In the colon, where digestion occurs, the following basic building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are formed: sugars from carbohydrates. amino acid synthesis from proteins.
What is digestion and how does the body break down proteins and carbohydrates?The pancreatic juice is responsible for digesting both protein and carbohydrate. Lipase is one of the enzymes produced by the pancreas, and it converts triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides. Proteins are broken down by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. The extra complex carbs are broken down into monosaccharides by amylase.
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on the quick summary table of biocontainment or biosafety levels (bsl’s), what is the lowest bsl that recommends the use of a biological safety cabinet to contain aerosols based on risk assessment?
Biosafety Level-2 or BSL-2 is the lowest BSL that recommends the use of a biological safety cabinet to contain aerosols based on risk assessment.
What are biosafety levels?A biosafety level or pathogen/protection level, is a set of biocontainment precautions which is required to isolate the dangerous biological agents in a given enclosed laboratory facility for the experimentation.
The standard BSL-2 is the lowest BSL which recommends the use of a biological safety cabinet to contain the aerosols based on risk assessment. BSL-2 PPE consists of a dedicated lab coat, gloves, and eye protection. Other PPE may also be required. These PPE are not wore in people.
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Alternate splicing helps eukaryotic cells in providing ______________________ in the proteins made from a single precursor rna.
Answer:
variation of exon combinations
Explanation:
What are the 4 biological contamination?.
The Four biological contamination are
Bacteria, Viruses, ParasitesFungi.The primary source of nutrition and energy for humans is food. Despite this, all living things, not just humans, can benefit from eating. Microorganisms utilise food and transform it into energy in a manner similar to humans. They disassemble complicated food structures into simpler parts and use these for biological processes like reproduction.
Microorganisms decompose organic waste in nature frequently, but they can also easily find their way into the food sector. Biological contamination is the term for bacteria that are accidentally present in food. The majority of foodborne illness cases that have been documented globally are caused by this kind of contamination.
Hence, Biological contamination of bacteria, virus, parasites and fungi causes diseases.
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which enzyme makes? a. dna polymerase b. rna polymerase c. primase d. aminoacyl t-rna synthetase
Enzyme makes DNA polymerase. So, correct answer is option (a).
DNA polymerases (DNAPs) are a class of enzymes that create new copies of DNA in the form of nucleic acid molecules. Nucleic acids are polymers, large molecules made up of small repeating units that are chemically linked together.
In prokaryotes, polymerase III is the major replicative polymerase, responsible for the synthesis of both the leading strand of DNA and the Okazaki fragment by elongation of RNA primers.
Enzymes are biological catalysts and are most often proteins. It speeds up certain chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes are not destroyed during reactions and can be used repeatedly.
Enzymes are proteins that accelerate metabolism and chemical reactions in the body.They construct a few materials and wreck down others.All living things have enzymes. Our bodies naturally produce enzymes.
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the maximum volume of air contained in the lung by a full forced inhalation is called . a. total lung capacity b. ventilation rate c. vital capacity d. tidal volume
Total lung capacity refers to how much air can fit into the lung during a full forceful inhale.
What are respiratory Volumes and capacity?Tidal flow the amount of air that is inspired or exhaled during a typical respiration is close to 500 ml.Vital capacity is the largest amount of air that a person can inhale before being compelled to exhale or inhale.Total lungvolume (TLC)the total lung capacity (TLC) at the end of a forceful inspiration is the amount of air that can be held there.Inspiratory (IC) IC is the maximum amount of air that a person can inhale following a typical expiration with tidal volume.Expiratory (EX) Total amount of air that can be exhaled by a person following a typical inhalation.To know more about lung capacity, visit:
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1. a bacterium undergoes four rounds of replication. how many cells would result, and how many of those cells would still have part of an original dna strand from the starting bacterium?
There would be 16 cells after four rounds of replication. Only two of the 16 cells would have an original DNA strand.
What is replication?
Replication process by which the genomic DNA of an organism is copied in cells. It is important that before dividing, a cell replicates its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell has its own complete genome. this method has 3 steps: initiation, elongation and termination.
What is DNA?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which codes for the every characteristic of body. this DNA is the hereditary materials in humans and nearly in all the organisms . All the cells in a organism, that has DNA as genetic material, has same DNA sequence.
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what is/are the major outputs of cellular respiration, assuming a single glucose molecule has been processed? select all that apply.
A glucose molecule is progressively broken down into CO2 and H20 during cellular respiration. Along the route, a little amount of ATP is directly created in the reaction that changes glucose.
The ideal choice is d.
What is cell respiration, exactly?
The metabolic process known as cellular respiration utilizes glucose to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an organic chemical the body may use as fuel. A single glucose molecule can generate a net of 30-32 ATP.
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
One molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) and six molecules of oxygen (O2) combine to form six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and six molecules of water, which is the main chemical process for cellular respiration (H2O). The equation is written as C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O using chemical symbols.
What does cellular respiration look like in practice?
For instance, oxygen may be coupled with the monosaccharide glucose, the most fundamental kind of carbohydrate. Potential energy is released when the glucose's high-energy electrons are transferred to the oxygen. ATP serves as a sort of energy storage.
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I understand that the question you are looking for is:
what is/are the major outputs of cellular respiration, assuming a single glucose molecule has been processed? select all that apply.
a) ATP
b) CO2
c) Glucose
d) All of the above
The human genome project was launched in 1986 to better understand the human genome, when was it completed?.
The Human genome project was launched in 1986 to understand the human genome better and completed in April 2003.
The Human Genome Project was a significant international scientific undertaking with the primary objective of producing the first sequence of the human genome. Among the objectives of the human genome project is the improvement of data analysis. completing the genome's sequence. discovery of the entire human genome. Better disease diagnostics, early disease detection, gene therapy, and drug dosage control systems could all be advantages in this field.
Hence, HGP was launched to explore entire human genome.
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(q004) the human genome encodes about 21,000 protein-coding genes. approximately how many such genes does the typical differentiated human cell express at any one time?
The human genome encodes about 21,000 protein-coding genes. The typical differentiated human cell expresses 5000 and 15,000 genes at any one time.
The term "gene therapy" refers to a broad range of in vitro and in vivo applications that use nucleic acids for therapeutic purposes. As stated earlier, there is no shortage of information and data regarding the structure of human genomes today. There were between 30,000 and 40,000 protein-coding genes present when the first draught of the human genome sequence was published in 2001. The number of protein-coding genes and functional, non-coding RNA sequences estimated in the most recent revisions is closer to 20,000. It is now much simpler to pinpoint the molecular causes of inherited genetic illnesses. In the meantime, 3674 human phenotypes have been identified by researchers, the bulk of which are single-gene alterations.
Hence, protein are synthesized based on need and after completion of their role are degraded.
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which of these statements is true regarding the semiconservative nature of dna? which of these statements is true regarding the semiconservative nature of dna? daughter dna digests the parental strand during replication. the two strands of newly replicated daughter dna is of parental nature. one strand of newly replicated daughter dna is of parental nature. replication creates novel daughter dna.
The statement that is true regarding the semiconservative nature of DNA is option(c)i.e, one strand of newly replicated daughter DNA is of parental nature.
According to the semiconservative nature, subsequently individual rounds of copy, each new DNA double loop hopeful a hybrid that contained individual fiber outdated DNA in charge of the individual filament of recently combined DNA.
The semi conservative nature is so named cause the individual strings of DNA in each of two together copies of DNA are old and conserved while the added is recently presented at the presence of copy. DNA replication is a semi-conservative process, cause when a new double-abandoned DNA fragment is made: One string will be from the original design particle. One filament will be recently synthesized.
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a muscle spasm that results from excessive sweat loss coupled with high fluid intake, low urine output, and inadequate sodium intake is known as a
A muscle spasm that results from excessive sweat loss coupled with high fluid intake, low urine output, and inadequate sodium intake is known as a Heat cramp.
What do you mean by Heat Cramp ?
Heat cramps can be defined as the painful, involuntary muscle spasms that usually occur during heavy exercise in hot environments. They may be more intense and more prolonged than are typical nighttime leg cramps. Fluid and electrolyte loss often contribute to heat crampsCauses of heat cramps include :
sweating excessively.engaging in intense activity, especially in the heat.running a high fever.having diarrhea.vomiting.To know more about Heat cramps from the given link
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If an x-linked recessive trait has a frequency of 5% in males, what percentage of females are carriers?.
If a male x-linked recessive trait occurs 5% of the time, then 9.5 percent of females carry the gene.
Given that it is X linked, a male will only have the one chromosome that is afflicted. 0.05 is the frequency. Since the trait is recessive and the man has only one X chromosome, there is no need to root it before making it q. Find p, using
[tex]p+q=1\\p+0.05=1\\p=1-0.05\\p= 0.95[/tex]
Heterozygous female carriers yield a 9.5% result when 2pq is solved.
[tex]2*(0.95*0.05)\\ 2*0.0475\\0.95[/tex]
Converting into percent, we will get our desired result, i.e., 9.5%.
Gametes, or sexual cells, are the byproducts of meiosis. These cells have a haploid number of chromosomes. Sperm and egg, which represent the male and female gametes, respectively, are the components of the human sex. There are n = 23 chromosomes in human sex cells. 22 of the 23 chromosomes are autosomes, and the remaining one is the sex chromosome. Any genetic condition can be brought on by deviation from this pattern.
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The name of the botanist who devised a hierarchical system for classifying species was.
Carolus Linnaeus devised a hierarchical system for classifying species
Carl Linnaeus, also called Carl von Linné or Carolus Linnaeus, is frequently known as the father of Taxonomy. His system for naming, ranking, and classifying organisms is still in wide use nowadays (with many adjustments). His ideas on type have inspired generations of biologists for the duration of and after his very own lifetime, even the ones opposed to the philosophical and theological roots of his work.
He advanced a way to name and organize species that we nevertheless use nowadays. His maximum important contributions to taxonomy were:
1.A hierarchical classification system
2.The system of binomial nomenclature (a 2-part naming method)
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Describe the pattern of inheritance that is most likely associated with a mutation in the mt-nd5.
This gene is a mitochondrial gene and therefore it is maternally inherited.
What is MT- ND5 ?
The pattern of inheritance that is most likely associated with a mutation in the MT-ND5 gene is
MT-ND5 is a mitochondrial genome coded gene responsible for the protein NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain V protein (ND5).
Individuals are not typically heterozygous with respect to mitochondrial genes because
Heterozygousity of alleles of a particular gene arises due to contribution of both maternal and paternal genes. This is what happens for nuclear chromosomes. Mitochondria is an organelle that contains its independent genome. Only maternal mitochondria gets selected and thus are successfully transferred to the next generation post fertilization.To know more about MT-NDS from the given link
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Which option identifies the water in the driveway in the following scenario?
Sarah sat inside watching the rain outside come down. It was coming down very hard, and streams of water were
cascading down the driveway because the ground was saturated.
O aquifer
O evaporation
O reservoir
O runoff
What type of gene encodes proteins that stop the cell cycle following dna damage?.
Answer:
Tumor suppressor genes
Explanation:
Answer:
Tumor suppressor genes
Explanation:
Tumor suppressor genes are segments of DNA that code for negative regulator proteins, the type of regulators that, when activated, can prevent the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division.
Crossing an individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait with an individual whose genotype is unknown will most likely produce which set of offspring?.
Answer:
at least one dominant allele
Explanation:
a surgical incision introduces mrsa from the skin into the soft tissues. which two immune cells are the most critical during the early stages of the inflammatory response?
The immune cells which are critical during early stages of inflammation are Neutrophils and Mast Cells.
Neutrophils are important part of the innate immune system especially during injury to the skin. They are one of the first circulating immune cells during wound or injury to defend infection. They immediately trap and kill the invading pathogen.
Mast cell play a major role in fibroblast proliferation and wound concentration. They secrete tryptase and histamine which are required for the fibroblast production of collagen and SMA contraction.
During a surgical incision, there is introduction of mrsa from the skin into the soft tissues, which can cause infection and inflammation. It can lead to fever, redness, increase in body temperature and inflammation.
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what interaction takes place between cellulose-digesting organisms in the gut of a termite and the termite?
Mutualism is the interaction takes place between cellulose-digesting organisms in the gut of a termite and the termite.
What are Termites?
Any of a group of cellulose-eating insects, the social systems of which bear striking similarities to those of ants and bees despite having evolved independently.
Despite the fact that termites are not related to ants, they are sometimes referred to as white ants.
Phylogenetic studies have revealed that the termite's closest relative is the cockroach; as a result, termites are sometimes classified in the order Dictyoptera, which also includes the mantids.
Termites, which have about 2,750 species, are found all over the world, but they are most abundant in terms of both numbers and species in tropical rainforests.
Aside from naturally occurring termites, humans have unintentionally transported many species from their native habitats to new parts of the world. Termites, specifically Cryptotermes and Coptotermes, have been found in wooden items such as shipping crates, boat timbers, lumber, and furniture.
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Resistance to which of the following drugs develops when microbes deviate from the usual pathway that leads to the production of folic acid?
1. erythromycin
2. trimethoprim
3. cephalosporins
4. sulfonamides
5. aminoglycosides
Resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides develops when microbes deviate from the usual pathway that leads to the production of folic acid.
Bacteria produce folic acid from the substrate para-amino-benzoic acid (PABA), and all cells require folic acid to grow. Folic acid (as a food vitamin) diffuses or is transported into mammalian cells. Folic acid, on the other hand, cannot cross bacterial cell walls via diffusion or active transport.
Vitamin B9, also known as folate or folic acid, is one of the eight B vitamins. All B vitamins aid the body in the conversion of food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is then used to generate energy. These B vitamins, also known as B-complex vitamins, aid the body's utilization of fats and protein. It participates in cell division and tissue growth. It also aids in the development of the baby's brain and spine, known as the neural tube.
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what is the name of the tubing that attaches to the iv bag and iv cather thereby allowing the fluid to dlow into the body
Administration set is the tubing that attached the IV bag to the IV catheter.
Intravenous fluids are administered into the body through a tubing which has a flexible, thin plastic tube called infusion or primary tube. The infusion tubing or the administrative set connects to the bag of the IV to the catheter. The drip chamber is located just below the IV bag. Nurses can regulate the fluid flow using this drip chamber.
This instrument is usually used in intravenous therapy to administer fluids, medications and nutrients directly into the patients vein. The catheter is inserted into a small peripheral vein for therapeutic purposes.
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The 150-million-year-old Archaeopteryx has many birdlike characteristics such as feathered wings, but it also has characteristics that we associate with living reptiles. Which of the following are considered reptilian characteristics of Archaeopteryx? Select all that apply.Choose all that are correcta. Claws on the ends of each digitb. Long, bony tailc. Teeth in the jawsd. Wings supported by elongated fourth digits
The 150-million-year-old Archaeopteryx has many birdlike characteristics such as feathered wings, but it also has characteristics that we associate with living reptiles are
a. Claws on the ends of each digit
b. Long, bony tail
c. Teeth in the jaws
What is an Archaeopteryx?Occasionally known by its German name, "Urvogel," Archaeopteryx is a genus of dinosaurs that resembled birds. The name comes from the Greek roots o, which means "old," and, which means "feather" or "wing." lived between 150.8 and 125.45 million years ago (Tithonian - Barremian).Extinct according to the Encyclopedia of Life.Size: 1.7 feet (Head to tail)Archaeopteryx, scientific name (Ancient wing),4.5 miles per hour (Maximum, Running).Weight: 1.8 to 2.2 lbs (Adult) The feathered dinosaur genus Archaeopteryx was once considered to be the earliest fossil bird ever discovered. The Solnhofen Limestone is a Jurassic limestone with a very fine grain that originated in a shallow tropical marine environment (perhaps a coral lagoon), where lime-rich muds gradually collected and allowed for very good fossil preservation. Many of the fossils clearly depict the imprints of feathers. The examples are various sizes, ranging from a blue jay to a huge chicken.
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some corepressors inhibit transcription by modifying amino acids in the tails of proteins. other corepressors interact directly with the rna pol ii basal complex and prevent it from binding to the
To enhancers, bring in corepressor proteins. Some corepressors directly interact with the RNa pol II basal complex to stop it from binding to the promotor.
What is able to stop RNA polymerase?Also susceptible to IPTG induction are these shorter RNAs. This model system demonstrates the ability of a protein-DNA complex to obstruct RNA polymerase II movement and provides some understanding of the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression during transcription elongation, a phenomena seen in a number of systems.
How does one stop RNA polymerase?The goal of RNA inhibition is to prevent the DNA template from binding, and this is done by attaching the RNA to Pol II before the creation of an open complex. When a DNA template is already firmly linked to Pol II, RNA cannot remove it.
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a student made lists of structures observed in cells from two very different organisms. which statement describes the most likely difference in the way that organism 1 and organism 2 obtain energy?
The statement which best describes this
Only organism 1 uses solar energy to make energy-rich compounds.
What do you mean by Energy Rich Compounds?
The most common source of energy for cells is ATP. Adenosine triphosphate is mainly made of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus.It comprises of phosphoanhydride, acyl phosphate, enolphosphate, guanidine phosphate and thioester bonds.Apart from this Carbohydrate , Starch , sugar is used.This is how both organism can be differentiated.
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its july in philadelphia and julie steps outside to walk her dog. what type of receptors will activate to inform julie of the 80 degree weather she just walked outside to?
When Julie walks her dog outside in the weather of 80 degrees, her thermoreceptors get activated.
Thermoreceptors are biologically free nerve endings present in the skin, liver, skeletal muscles and hypothalamus. They have the ability to detect any change in the temperature. They are extremely sensitive to temperature.
Thermoreceptor is defined as non-specialized sense receptor. They are divided as high and low threshold receptors. Those which are high threshold receptors have unmethylated C-fibres. This temperature sense enters into human body through the nerve ending to the spinal cord to finally the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus. They increase the potential discharge rate so human fell warm.
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red-green color blindness is an x-linked recessive trait in humans. two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son. what are the genotypes of the parents? group of answer choices
XCXc and XCY are the genotype of the parents in which red-green color blindness is an x-linked recessive trait in humans. two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son.
A diminished capacity to tell some colors apart. Frequently, the condition is hereditary. Other factors include specific eye conditions and drugs. Men are affected more than women.
A common symptom of color blindness is the inability to discern between different red and green hues.
Inherited color blindness is not treatable. Treating the underlying issue may be helpful if another condition is the cause of color blindness.
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What are the three 3 types of chronological order?.
The three types of chronological order are Chronological, Sequential, and Consecutive Order.
The chronological order of events is frequently referred to as being in "chronological order." The time segments could advance or regress. This organization works well for telling a story. The narration of historical events frequently follows a chronological order.
Sequential Order is a common way to refer to steps in a process or event. This pattern works well when instructions are followed step-by-step. Owner's manuals and cookbooks both employ this motif. The sequential organization may show a process.
Consecutive order means that something happened in that order. It could take a few days to do this. Consecutive time periods include any recurring intervals, such as each year, each month, and so forth. Numbers are frequently used when referring to sequential order. Following are some illustrations of consecutive numbers: 1, 2, 3, 9, and 11. Sequential writing is not an acceptable writing style.
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Is ATP a carbohydrate lipid protein or nucleic acid?.
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and GTP stands for guanosine triphosphate. each of them is a nucleic acid, which means that they should contain pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate businesses. both ATP and GTP incorporate three phosphate companies.
Nucleotides are composed of sugar, a phosphate organization, and a nitrogenous base. ATP, DNA, and RNA are all examples of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are one of the four fundamental varieties of natural molecules.
No, adenosine triphosphate isn't a protein; it is a nucleic acid. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is manufactured from a series of nucleotides (monomers) such as sugars, phosphate agencies, and nitrogen. Produced inside the mitochondria of the mobile, ATP is an electricity molecule essential to strengthen the functions of the cellular.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a nucleotide. it's miles made up of three predominant additives – a nitrogenous base (adenine), the pentose sugar ribose, and a series of 3 phosphate businesses (the triphosphate), which is bound to ribose.
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