A foreign bond is a bond underwritten by a syndicate from a single country, sold within that country, denominated in the country's currency, but the issuer is outside that country.
A foreign bond is an international bond that is issued and traded outside of the issuer's home country. The issuer is required to comply with the regulations of the country where the bond is sold, but it is typically denominated in the issuer's home currency.
A foreign bond is a type of international bond. The bond is offered and traded outside the issuer's home country. The issuer is required to comply with the regulations of the country where the bond is sold, but it is typically denominated in the issuer's home currency.
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The proliferation of supply chain management is a core concept for businesses that can be attributed to several major factors.
(1) Identify and briefly address the core elements of the supply chain management system in creating customer value
(2) How has the concept of supply chain management taken off in the last twenty years? Explain your answer.
(1) The core elements of the supply chain management system in creating customer value are as follows:i. Planning: This involves forecasting customer demands and then designing the strategies to meet these demands.
ii. Sourcing: This is the process of finding and selecting suppliers to provide the materials and services needed for the business to operate.iii. Manufacturing: This involves the production of the goods according to the customer's demand and is the process of turning raw materials into finished products.iv. Delivery: This is the process of delivering the products to the customer in a timely manner.
v. Returns: This involves the process of handling returns and exchanges if the customer is not satisfied with the product.(2) The concept of supply chain management has taken off in the last twenty years due to globalization. The concept has become more popular due to the following reasons:i. Increased competition in the market has made companies realize that they need to improve their supply chain management to remain competitive.ii. Advances in technology have made it easier for companies to manage their supply chains.iii. Globalization has increased the complexity of the supply chain, making it more important for companies to manage their supply chains efficiently.iv. The emergence of e-commerce has made it possible for companies to sell products directly to customers, making supply chain management more important than ever.
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Suppose a firm's total revenue function and total cost function are given by: R(q) = 70q q² where R: R+ → R C(q) = q² - 30q+ 100 where C: R+ → R 1. What is the type of the firm facing this particular revenue function? 2. Based on the given information, can you deduce the inverse demand function? 3. Solve this firm's profit maximization problem. Make sure to clearly indicate the profit maximizing solution at the end (i.e. q,p*,& n(q)). 4. Find the supply function for this particular firm. Is it equal to the market supply? Please explain. Hint: Supply function can either be defined by an exact quantity or it can be defined by a set of possible quantities. 5. Suppose that the barrier to entry for this market has been removed by a change in regulation. You wish to start a new business in this market. What is the type of the new firm in this case? 6. Solve this new firm's profit maximization problem. Make sure to clearly indicate the profit maximizing solution at the end (i.e. q*,p*,& n(q*)). Hint: DO NOT use the inverse demand function. Example in Section 11.2 was finding for the point of intersection between the inverse demand function and MC. Your answers might not be in clean numbers as opposed to part 3. 7. Find the supply function for this new firm. Is it equal to the market supply? Please explain. Hint: Supply function can either be defined by an exact quantity or it can be defined by a set of possible quantities. 8. By part 5, what would be the initial market price p demanded by consumers? Please explain. Then, using this market price p, solve q* and 7(q) for this new firm. 9. Do you think that this market price p is going to stay the same in the long-run? Please explain. 10. Compare your answers in Part 3 (i.e. the original firm's q* and 7(q")) and Part 8 (i.e. the new firm's q* and π(q)). Is π(q*) the same for two firms? If so, why does one firm enjoy better profit than the other? Please explain. 11. Please draw marginal revenue, marginal cost, and supply curve for both firms in the same graph. Let subscript m denote the monopolist's curves and let subscript c denote the competitive firm's curves. Hint: For the competitive firm's supply curve, draw as if we are not given the market price p.
1. The firm facing this particular revenue function is a monopolist.
2. To deduce the inverse demand function, we need to equate the revenue function R(q) to the price P and solve for q. Given that R(q) = 70q - q^2, we have P = 70 - q. Therefore, the inverse demand function is P(q) = 70 - q.
3. To solve the profit maximization problem, we need to find the quantity that maximizes the firm's profit. Profit (π) is given by the difference between total revenue (TR) and total cost (TC): π(q) = R(q) - C(q).
We know that R(q) = 70q - q^2 and C(q) = q^2 - 30q + 100. Substituting these expressions into the profit equation, we have: π(q) = (70q - q^2) - (q^2 - 30q + 100). Simplifying the equation: π(q) = 40q - 2q^2 - 100.
To find the profit-maximizing quantity, we take the derivative of π(q) with respect to q, set it equal to zero, and solve for q:
π'(q) = 40 - 4q = 0
4q = 40
q* = 10.
The profit-maximizing quantity is q* = 10.
To find the corresponding price, we substitute q* into the inverse demand function:
P(q*) = 70 - q* = 70 - 10 = 60.
So, the profit-maximizing quantity is q* = 10, and the corresponding price is p* = 60. The firm's profit at this quantity is π(q*) = π(10) = (70*10 - 10^2) - (10^2 - 30*10 + 100) = $200.
4. The supply function for this firm is q = q*, where q* is the profit-maximizing quantity. Since a monopolist controls the entire market supply, the firm's supply function is equal to the market supply.
5. The new firm, after the removal of the barrier to entry, would be a perfectly competitive firm.
6. In a perfectly competitive market, the profit-maximizing quantity is determined where marginal cost (MC) equals the market price (P). The firm does not need to consider the inverse demand function.
The total cost function C(q) = q^2 - 30q + 100 remains the same. To find the profit-maximizing quantity, we equate MC to P and solve for q:
MC = C'(q) = 2q - 30
P = 70 - q
Setting MC equal to P:
2q - 30 = 70 - q
3q = 100
q* = 100/3.
So, the profit-maximizing quantity for the new firm is q* = 100/3.
7. In a perfectly competitive market, the supply function for the firm is determined by its cost structure. Since the firm is a price taker, its supply function is equal to its marginal cost curve.
8. In a perfectly competitive market, the market price (p) is determined by the intersection of the market demand and supply curves. Since we don't have information on market demand or supply, we cannot determine the initial market price (p) demanded by consumers.
9.In the long run, market price (p) in a perfectly competitive market tends to equal the marginal cost (MC) of production. If firms in the market are making economic profits, new firms will enter the market, increasing supply and driving down prices. Conversely, if firms are incurring losses, some firms may exit the market, reducing supply and driving up prices. In the long run, the market price tends to adjust to the equilibrium level where firms earn zero economic profit.
10.In Part 3, the original firm's profit-maximizing quantity (q*) is 10, and the profit is $200. In Part 8, the new firm's profit-maximizing quantity (q*) is 100/3, and the profit is unknown since we don't know the market price (p). The profit (π) for both firms depends on their cost structures and the market conditions. If the market price (p) is higher than the average total cost (ATC) for both firms, they will earn positive economic profits. However, one firm may enjoy better profit than the other if its cost structure is more efficient, allowing it to produce at a lower cost.
11. Unfortunately, I'm unable to draw graphs here as I can only provide text-based responses. However, in a graph, the marginal revenue (MR) curve for the monopolist would lie below the demand curve (P(q)), while the marginal cost (MC) curve would intersect the demand curve at the profit-maximizing quantity (q*).
For the perfectly competitive firm, the supply curve would be represented by the marginal cost (MC) curve, which would intersect the market price (p) at the profit-maximizing quantity (q*). The marginal revenue curve would be horizontal at the market price level (p).
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Which describes how you are able to pay off a closed or open mortgage at the end of the mortgage term?
a. With mortgage insurance
b. With a nominal financial penalty
c. Without any financial penalty
d. With title insurance
b. With a nominal financial penalty. At the end of a mortgage term, whether it is a closed or open mortgage, paying off the remaining balance typically involves a financial penalty.
The penalty is often referred to as a prepayment penalty or a discharge fee. This penalty is a charge imposed by the lender for breaking the mortgage contract before the agreed-upon term ends. The specific penalty amount varies depending on the terms of the mortgage agreement, such as the interest rate, the remaining balance, and the time remaining on the mortgage. It is important to review the mortgage terms and conditions to understand the exact penalty amount or discuss it with the lender. This penalty is separate from any mortgage insurance or title insurance that may be applicable in certain situations.
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5. If the production function for a firm is given by: Q = L K (i.e., L times K), where L is measured in hours of work and K is capital. Find the least cost way to produce 245 units of the good, i.e., 245 = L-K, by choosing the best combination of L and K. Assume that the wage rate (w) is $2 per hour and the capital price (r) is $10 per unit. Must show your work. [Note: Set up and solve the optimization problem for L and K. No need to discuss satisfaction of the 2nd order conditions.]
The least cost way to produce 245 units of the good. Calculations are given in the below paragrapgh.
To find the least cost way to produce 245 units of the good, we need to optimize the combination of labor (L) and capital (K) while considering the wage rate (w) and capital price (r). By setting up and solving the optimization problem, we can determine the values of L and K that minimize the cost of production.
Given the production function Q = LK, where Q represents the quantity produced, L represents labor, and K represents capital, we aim to produce 245 units of the good. The cost of production can be calculated as the wage cost for labor (wL) plus the cost of capital (rK).
We can set up the optimization problem as follows:
Minimize wL + rK (cost of production)
Subject to Q = LK = 245 (quantity produced)
To solve this problem, we can use the production function to express one variable in terms of the other. Let's solve for L in terms of K:
L = 245 / K
Substituting this expression for L in the cost function, we get:
Cost = w(245 / K) + rK
To find the minimum cost, we differentiate the cost function with respect to K and set it equal to zero:
d(Cost) / dK = -w(245 / K^2) + r = 0
Solving for K, we find:
K = √(w * 245 / r)
Plugging in the given values of w = $2 and r = $10, we can calculate the value of K. Once we have K, we can substitute it back into the production function to find the corresponding value of L.
By optimizing the combination of L and K, we can determine the least cost way to produce 245 units of the good.
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Production in the Long Run a. Long Run MC and ATC b. Economies of Scale, Diseconomies of Scale, Constant Returns to Scale c. Long run profit maximization d. Long Run Shutdown Rule e. Accounting vs Economic Profit f. Long Run Perfectly Competitive Equilibrium
Production in the Long Run where
a. Long Run MC and ATC
In the long run, the marginal cost and average total cost curves are of utmost importance. The long-run marginal cost curve (LRMC) depicts the minimum cost of producing an additional unit of output when the firm has sufficient time to make production changes and all inputs, including plant size, can be varied. The long-run average total cost curve (LRATC) is the envelope of the short-run ATC curves.
b. Economies of Scale, Diseconomies of Scale, Constant Returns to Scale
When the long-run average total cost curve decreases as production increases, the company experiences economies of scale. When it rises, the company suffers from diseconomies of scale. Constant returns to scale occur when LRATC is constant at all levels of production.
c. Long run profit maximization
In the long run, firms aim to achieve maximum profits by selecting the level of output that yields the highest possible total revenue for a given total cost.
d. Long Run Shutdown Rule
The long-run shut-down rule asserts that firms will exit the market if they are unable to generate sufficient revenue to cover their variable and fixed costs, resulting in a loss.
e. Accounting vs Economic Profit
Accounting profits are earnings that are reported on a company's financial statements. Economic profits, on the other hand, include both explicit and implicit costs, and represent the return on a company's investment over and above the normal returns.
f. Long Run Perfectly Competitive Equilibrium
In the long run, firms in a perfectly competitive industry will adjust production levels until they reach the equilibrium point, where the market price equals the minimum LRAC, implying that all economic profits are zero.
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Stockholders equity is usually equal to cash on hand includes paid-in capital and liabilities Includes retained earnings and paid-in capital Is shown on the income statement Nebraska Inc. issues 3.000 shares of common stock for $45,000. The stock has a stated value of $10 per share. The journal entry to record the stock insurance would induce a credit to Common Stock for
The stockholder's equity is defined as the residual amount that remains in the assets of the company after the liabilities are deducted. It has two components: paid-in capital and retained earnings. Paid-in capital refers to the amount received by the company from the issuance of shares of stock.
On the other hand, retained earnings refer to the amount accumulated over the years due to profitable business operations. The journal entry to record the issuance of common stock is as follows: Cash 45,000 Common Stock 30,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par 15,000The debit to cash account represents the cash received by the company from the issuance of shares.
The credit to common stock represents the amount received from the issuance of the shares. Lastly, the credit to paid-in capital in excess of par represents the amount received from the issuance of shares over and above its par value.In this case, the stated value of the common stock is $10 per share. Thus, the common stock account is credited for $30,000, which is computed as follows:Common Stock = Number of shares issued x Stated value per shareCommon Stock = 3,000 x $10Common Stock = $30,000Therefore, the journal entry to record the stock issuance would induce a credit to Common Stock for $30,000.
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Identify the ERP implementation phase for the following activities: i) The process where the ERP system 'go live' and the legacy system will be removed and replaced with the new ERP system. ii) The most important phase in the initial phase of ERP implementation life cycle, where this phase become an indicator the success or failure of the entire project. iii) Teams will be formed to provide timeline, identifying roles and assigning responsibilities for the ERP implementation process. iv) This phase identify the differences between the current practices and the modules supported by ERP package. v) This phase depends on training efficiency; if necessary the enhancements or upgrades need to be done.
The ERP implementation phases for the mentioned activities are i) Go-Live, ii) Requirements Gathering and Analysis, iii) Project Planning and Organization, iv) Gap Analysis, and v) Training and Testing.
Each phase plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of the ERP system and contributes to achieving the desired outcomes for the organization.
i) The ERP implementation phase for the activity of replacing the legacy system with the new ERP system is the "Go-Live" phase.
ii) The most important phase in the initial phase of ERP implementation that indicates the success or failure of the entire project is the "Requirements Gathering and Analysis" phase.
iii) The phase where teams are formed to provide timelines, identify roles, and assign responsibilities for the ERP implementation process is the "Project Planning and Organization" phase.
iv) The phase that identifies the differences between current practices and the modules supported by the ERP package is the "Gap Analysis" phase.
v) The phase that depends on training efficiency and may involve enhancements or upgrades is the "Training and Testing" phase.
i) The "Go-Live" phase marks the point where the new ERP system is fully implemented, and the legacy system is replaced. During this phase, the new ERP system becomes operational, and the organization transitions from using the old system to the new one. It involves data migration, system testing, and training users on the new system.
ii) The "Requirements Gathering and Analysis" phase is crucial in the initial phase of ERP implementation. It involves gathering detailed information about the organization's needs, processes, and objectives. This phase sets the foundation for the entire project by identifying the requirements and goals that the ERP system needs to fulfill. The success or failure of the project heavily relies on the accuracy and comprehensiveness of this phase.
iii) The "Project Planning and Organization" phase focuses on forming teams responsible for managing and executing the ERP implementation process. This phase establishes a project timeline, identifies the roles and responsibilities of team members, and ensures that everyone is aligned with the project goals. Proper planning and organization are essential to ensure a smooth and coordinated implementation process.
iv) The "Gap Analysis" phase involves analyzing the gaps between the organization's current practices and the functionality provided by the ERP package. This phase identifies areas where customization or configuration may be required to align the ERP system with the organization's specific needs. It helps in determining the extent of customization and the potential impact on the implementation process.
v) The "Training and Testing" phase is critical for ensuring the efficiency of training efforts and identifying any necessary enhancements or upgrades. This phase involves training end-users on how to effectively utilize the ERP system and conducting thorough testing to validate its functionality and performance. Based on the training outcomes, adjustments or upgrades may be made to improve the system's usability and address any identified gaps.
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Homework: M3 Assignment 1 Question 2, Problem 12 Part 1 of 3 HW Score: 12.5%, 5 of 40 points O Points: 0 of 20 Save The number of heart surgeres performed at Heartvile General Hospital has increased steadily over the past several years. The hospita's administration is seeking the best method to forecast the demand for such surgeries in your 6.The data for the past five years are shown below Year Demand 7 3 4 16 The he's administration is considering the following forecasting methods Begin error measurement in year 3, so at methods are compared for the same years Expenental smoothing, with a-06. Let the ind forecast for year 1 be 42, the same as the actual demand & Exponential smoothing with a 09. Let the initial forecast for year 1 be 42, the same as the actual demand Trend projection with egression. In Two-year moving average Two-year weighted moving average, using weights 0.6 and 0.4, with the more recent data given more weight MA is the performance crtention chosen by the administration, which forecasting method should choose? Year Demand 1 42 2 50 3 53 4 55 5 58 The hospital's administration is considering the following forecasting methods. Begin error measurement in year 3, so all i. Exponential smoothing, with a = 0.6. Let the initial forecast for year 1 be 42, the same as the actual demand. ii. Exponential smoothing, with a = 0.9. Let the initial forecast for year 1 be 42, the same as the actual demand. iii. Trend projection with regression. iv. Two-year moving average. v. Two-year weighted moving average, using weights 0.6 and 0.4, with the more recent data given more weight. If MAD is the performance criterion chosen by the administration, which forecasting method should it choose? 3, so all methods are compared for the same year Exponential smoothing with a = 0.6 Exponential smoothing with a = 0.9 Trend projection with regression Two-year moving average Two-year weighted moving average e actual demand. e actual demand. iven more weight. it choose?
The administration of Heartvile General Hospital is seeking the best forecasting method for the demand of heart surgeries. They are considering exponential smoothing, trend projection with regression, two-year moving average, and two-year weighted moving average.
The administration of Heartvile General Hospital wants to determine the most suitable forecasting method for the demand of heart surgeries. The methods being considered are exponential smoothing with different values of α (0.6 and 0.9), trend projection with regression, two-year moving average, and two-year weighted moving average. To evaluate the performance of these methods, the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) is chosen as the performance criterion. MAD measures the average absolute difference between the forecasted values and the actual demand. By calculating the MAD for each method and comparing the results, the administration can determine which forecasting method provides the most accurate predictions for the demand of heart surgeries.
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Which of the following terms does not refer to the amount that is paid by the note issuer to the creditors at the end of the life of the note?
a. Face value
b. Maturity value
c. Carrying value
The term which does not refer to the amount that is paid by the note issuer to the creditors at the end of the life of the note is carrying value. The correct answer is option c.
Carrying value is the accounting value of a firm's assets after the company's liabilities have been deducted. When the assets' carrying value exceeds their market value, the assets are deemed to be overvalued. When the market value exceeds the carrying amount, the assets are considered undervalued. Carrying value is also known as net book value or book value. The carrying value is important because it provides stakeholders with information about the net value of an asset or the remaining obligation of liability.
It is used in financial analysis, decision-making, and reporting purposes. However, it is not a term that refers to the amount that is paid by the note issuer to the creditors at the end of the life of the note. Face value refers to the par value of the note. The maturity value is the final amount of principal and interest that is due at the maturity date of a note.
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Homework:Unit 10 Lab Assignment
Question 6, P10-13 (similar to)
Part 3 of 9
HW Score: 93.25%, 18.65 of 20 points
Points: 0.4 of 1
Save
Question content area top
Part 1
(Common stock valuation) Assume the following:
• the investor's required rate of return is
15
percent,
• the expected level of earnings at the end of this year
(E1)
is
$8,
• the retention ratio is
50
percent,
• the return on equity
(ROE)
is
12
percent (that is, it can earn
12
percent on reinvested earnings), and
• similar shares of stock sell at multiples of
5.555
times earnings per share.
Questions:
a. Determine the expected growth rate for dividends.
b. Determine the price earnings ratio
(P/E1).
c. What is the stock price using the P/E ratio valuation method?
d. What is the stock price using the dividend discount model?
e. What would happen to the P/E ratio
(P/E1)
and stock price if the company increased its retention rate to
75
percent (holding all else constant)? What would happen to the P/E ratio
(P/E1)
and stock price if the company paid out all its earnings in the form of dividends?
f. What have you learned about the relationship between the retention rate and the P/E ratios?
**please show calculations
Calculation of dividend growth rate
Given:
Investor's required rate of return, Ke = 15%
Expected level of earnings at the end of this year, E1 = $8
Retention ratio, b = 50%
Return on equity, ROE = 12%
Similar shares of stock sell at multiples of 5.555 times earnings per share.
We know that Retention ratio, b = (Dividends paid - Dividends distributed) / Dividends paid
Therefore, Dividends distributed = Dividends paid - (Retention ratio * Dividends paid)
Dividends distributed = Dividends paid - (0.5 * Dividends paid) = 0.5 * Dividends paid
Since the company pays out 50% of earnings as dividends, the earnings retained by the company can be computed as follows:
Earnings retained = Net income – Dividend paid
Where, Net income = Earnings per share (EPS) * Number of shares
Given, EPS = E1 = $8
Suppose the company has x number of shares outstanding. Then,
Net income = $8 * x
Dividend paid = 0.5 * Net income = 0.5 * $8 * x = $4x
Earnings retained = Net income - Dividend paid = $8x - $4x = $4x
The company's Return on Equity (ROE) is given as 12%. Therefore, the earnings retained by the company will grow at the rate of 12%.
Therefore, Expected growth rate (g) = Retention ratio * ROE = b * ROE
= 0.5 * 0.12 = 0.06 or 6%
Part 2: Calculation of price-earnings (P/E) ratio
Price-earnings (P/E) ratio (P/E1) = Market price per share / Earnings per share
The P/E ratio can be rewritten as P/E1 = 1 / Ke - g * (1 - b)
P/E1 = 1 / 0.15 - 0.06 * (1 - 0.5) = 1 / 0.12 = 8.33 times earnings per share
Part 3: Calculation of stock price using P/E ratio valuation method
The stock price can be calculated as follows:
Stock price = Earnings per share * P/E ratio
= $8 * 8.33 = $66.64
Part 4: Calculation of stock price using the dividend discount model
The dividend discount model is given as: PV = D / (Ke - g)
Where, PV = Present value of the stock
D = Expected dividend at the end of year 1 = Dividend payout ratio * Earnings per share = b * E1
Ke = Investor's required rate of return
g = Expected growth rate
Using the above values, the stock price can be computed as:
D = 0.5 * $8 = $4
PV = $4 / (0.15 - 0.06) = $4 / 0.09 = $44.44
Part 5: Effect of increase in retention ratio on P/E ratio and stock price
When the retention ratio increases to 75%, the dividend payout ratio decreases to 25%.
Dividend payout ratio = 1 - Retention ratio = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
Expected dividend at the end of year 1 = Dividend payout ratio * Earnings per share = 0.25 * $8 = $2
The new expected growth rate can be calculated as follows:
g = Retention ratio * ROE = 0.75 * 0.12 = 0.09 or 9%
The P/E ratio can be calculated as follows:
P/E1 = 1 / Ke - g * (1 - b)
P/E1 = 1 / 0.15 - 0.09 * (1 - 0.75) = 1 / 0.12 = 8.33 times earnings per share
The stock price can be calculated as follows:
Stock price = Earnings per share * P/E ratio
= $8 * 8.33 = $66.64
When the retention ratio is 100%, all earnings are retained by the company. Therefore, the expected dividend at the end of year 1 will be zero.
Expected dividend at the end of year 1 = Dividend payout ratio * Earnings per share = 0
The new expected growth rate can be calculated as follows:
g = Retention ratio * ROE = 1 * 0.12 = 0.12 or 12%
The P/E ratio can be calculated as follows:
P/E1 = 1 / Ke - g * (1 - b)
P/E1 = 1 / 0.15 - 0.12 * (1 - 1) = 1 / 0.15 = 6.67 times earnings per share
The stock price can be calculated as follows:
Stock price = Earnings per share * P/E ratio
= $8 * 6.67 = $53.36
Part 6: From the above calculations, it can be observed that the retention ratio has a direct impact on the growth rate of dividends and an indirect impact on the P/E ratio and the stock price. An increase in the retention ratio leads to a higher expected growth rate of dividends, which increases the P/E ratio and stock price. Conversely, a decrease in the retention ratio results in a lower expected growth rate of dividends, which reduces the P/E ratio and stock price. If the company retains all earnings, it would lead to a higher expected growth rate but a lower P/E ratio and stock price. Therefore, companies must strike a balance between dividend payout and retention to maintain a stable P/E ratio and stock price.
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the constraint on deposit creation related to the idea that if banks are holding sufficient reserves they must also be willing to make new loans is related to ______.
The constraint on deposit creation related to the idea that if banks are holding sufficient reserves, they must also be willing to make new loans is related to the concept of the money multiplier.
The money multiplier is a concept in banking that explains the relationship between reserves held by banks and the potential creation of new deposits through lending. The constraint mentioned in the question is directly linked to the money multiplier principle. Banks are required to hold a certain percentage of their deposits as reserves, known as the reserve requirement. This reserve requirement ensures that banks have a certain level of liquidity to meet customer demands for withdrawals. However, if banks hold more reserves than required, it limits their ability to create new loans and generate additional deposits.
When banks have excess reserves, they have the potential to make new loans and create additional deposits in the economy through the process of deposit multiplication. This process works by banks using a fraction of their excess reserves to extend new loans, which in turn become new deposits in other accounts. Therefore, the constraint on deposit creation related to banks holding sufficient reserves but also needing to make new loans is directly tied to the concept of the money multiplier. Banks must strike a balance between maintaining adequate reserves and being willing to extend new loans to support economic activity and deposit creation.
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1. A company is forecasted to generate free cash flows of $40 million next year and $60 million the year after (t=2). After that, cash flows are projected to grow at a 2.0% annual rate in perpetuity. The company's cost of capital is 11%. What's its enterprise value today? Answer in $million, rounded to one decimal place (e.g., $12,611,988 = 12.6)
2. Suppose you estimate that a company's enterprise value is $150 million. If it has $20 million debt outstanding, $5 million in cash, and there are 10 million shares outstanding, what's the estimated value of each share? Round to one decimal place.
The enterprise value of the company today is $430 million.
The enterprise value can be calculated by discounting the projected free cash flows and the perpetuity cash flow at the company's cost of capital. Using the formula for the present value of a growing perpetuity, the enterprise value is calculated as follows:
Enterprise Value = (FCF1 / (1 + r)) + (FCF2 / (1 + r)^2) + (FCF3 / (r - g))
where FCF1 = $40 million, FCF2 = $60 million, r = 11% (cost of capital), and g = 2% (growth rate in perpetuity).
The estimated value of each share is $13.0.
To calculate the estimated value per share, we divide the enterprise value by the number of shares outstanding:
Estimated Value per Share = Enterprise Value / Number of Shares
In this case, the enterprise value is $150 million, and there are 10 million shares outstanding. Therefore, the estimated value per share is $15.0 million / 10 million shares = $13.0.
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Allison plans to buy a house which contains a restaurant. The area is zoned residential. If she opens her own restaurant in place of the existing one, she should check for: A variance. Conditional use. Nonconforming use. A taking
Allison should check for a conditional use permit before opening her own restaurant in a house-zoned residential area.
A conditional use permit is required for a property that is zoned for one type of use but intended for a different use.
In this case, the property is zoned for residential use, but Allison wants to open a restaurant.
A residential property with a restaurant would be considered a conditional use.
Therefore, she would need to apply for a conditional use permit.
This would involve submitting a proposal to the local planning commission, meeting certain requirements, and receiving approval for the use of the property as a restaurant.
This is necessary to ensure that the property complies with zoning laws and that the use will not have a negative impact on the surrounding community. Without a conditional use permit, Allison may run the risk of fines and closure of her restaurant.
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On Dec. 31, 2020, ABC Corp issued 4-year, 7% bonds with $3,000,000 as par value. ABC Corp. received $3,360,000 in cash. The bond interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31 every year. Compute the following: Total bonds premium. Interest paid in cash semiannually. The Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium. Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years.
Total bonds premium: The total bonds premium is $20,000. This is calculated by subtracting the par value of the bonds ($1,000,000) from the amount of cash received when the bonds were issued ($1,120,000).
Interest paid in cash semiannually: The interest paid in cash semiannually is $35,000. This is calculated by multiplying the bond interest rate (7%) by the par value of the bonds ($1,000,000) and dividing by 2 (to convert the annual rate to a semiannual rate).
Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium: The semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium is $5,000. This is calculated by dividing the total bonds premium ($20,000) by the number of semiannual periods (8).
Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years: The total bonds interest expense over the 4 years is $420,000. This is calculated by multiplying the semiannual interest rate (3.5%) by the par value of the bonds ($1,000,000) and multiplying by 8 (the number of semiannual periods).
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For its covid-19 test kits, the finance manager of Blendale (an urgent care facility in Sacramento) calculated a reorder point = 109. This figure refers to O 109 stockroom shelves that need to be replenished with reordered inventory O $109 as the transaction cost of reordering. O 109% interest rate of reordering. O 109 days left before reordering. O 109 hours before receiving the new order. 0 109 inventory units.
In the field of finance and inventory management, a reorder point refers to the level of inventory that needs to be in stock in order to avoid stock-outs. It is the point at which a new order for inventory should be placed. In other words, the reorder point is the level of inventory at which a new order should be placed to ensure that enough inventory is available to meet demand until the new order arrives.
Blendale, an urgent care facility in Sacramento, has calculated a reorder point of 109 for its COVID-19 test kits. This means that when the inventory of COVID-19 test kits drops to 109 units, Blendale's finance manager needs to reorder more inventory to avoid running out of stock before the new order arrives.
To determine the reorder point, the finance manager of Blendale needs to consider a number of factors, including demand, lead time, and safety stock. Safety stock is the amount of inventory that is kept on hand to guard against stock-outs due to unexpected increases in demand or delays in lead time.
The reorder point formula can be expressed as: Reorder Point = Demand during lead time + Safety stock.
In this case, the finance manager of Blendale has determined that a reorder point of 109 is necessary for its COVID-19 test kits. This means that the facility needs to have at least 109 units of the test kits in stock at all times in order to avoid running out before the next order arrives.
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One of the benefits of agency is that it:
© Allows you to transact business in different places simultaneously.
O Never needs to be based upon a wrilten agreement.
O Eliminates all tax liabilities for the principal if they use an agent with greater legal capacity.
O Allows one to escape tort liability.
One of the benefits of agency is that it allows you to transact business in different places simultaneously. The correct answer is option ©: Allows you to transact business in different places simultaneously.
Agency refers to a legal relationship in which one party, known as the agent, acts on behalf of another party, known as the principal. This relationship is established through a written or oral agreement, where the agent has the authority to act on behalf of the principal.
One of the significant benefits of agency is that it allows the principal to transact business in different places simultaneously. The agent, acting on behalf of the principal, can represent the principal's interests and conduct business activities in multiple locations. This provides the principal with the flexibility to expand their operations and reach a wider market without the need for their physical presence in each location.
It is important to note that agency relationships typically require a written or oral agreement to define the roles, responsibilities, and authority of the agent. While some agency relationships may be established informally, having a written agreement is generally recommended to avoid misunderstandings and provide legal clarity.
The other options mentioned in the question are incorrect:
Agency does not eliminate tax liabilities for the principal. Tax obligations are determined by the applicable tax laws and regulations, and the principal remains responsible for fulfilling their tax obligations.
Agency does not allow one to escape tort liability. The agent may be held accountable for their actions or omissions that cause harm or injury to others, and in certain circumstances, the principal may also be held liable for the agent's actions within the scope of their authority.
Therefore, the correct benefit of agency is that it allows the principal to transact business in different places simultaneously.
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Its January 13 and an elevator is looking to purchase 10,000 bushels of wheat in May. On January 13, the elevator enters May futures at a price of $6.33/bu. The expected basis for May was -$0.30/bu. On May 2 the actual cash price was $6.00/bu and the futures price was $6.25/bu. What is the net price paid by the elevator? Type in $ format like $6.00
the net price paid by the elevator is $68,200.00.
To calculate the net price paid by the elevator, we need to consider the futures price, the basis, and the cash price.
Given:
January 13 futures price: $6.33/bu
Expected basis: -$0.30/bu
May 2 cash price: $6.00/bu
May 2 futures price: $6.25/bu
First, we calculate the futures gain/loss:
Futures gain/loss = (Exit futures price - Entry futures price) x Contract size
The contract size for wheat is typically 5,000 bushels.
Futures gain/loss = ($6.25/bu - $6.33/bu) x 10,000 bushels
Futures gain/loss = -$0.08/bu x 10,000 bushels
Futures gain/loss = -$800.00
Next, we calculate the basis gain/loss:
Basis gain/loss = (Cash price - Expected basis) x Contract size
Basis gain/loss = ($6.00/bu - (-$0.30/bu)) x 10,000 bushels
Basis gain/loss = $6.30/bu x 10,000 bushels
Basis gain/loss = $63,000.00
Finally, we calculate the net price paid:
Net price paid = Cash price + Futures gain/loss + Basis gain/loss
Net price paid = $6.00/bu + (-$800.00) + $63,000.00
Net price paid = $68,200.00
Therefore, the net price paid by the elevator is $68,200.00.
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Bibble Co, manufacturers of restaurant quality tableware, are considering expanding into glassware production. If Bibble goes ahead with the project, they will need to lease a new warehouse facility for $40,000 a year, which is tax deductible the year after the lease payment is made. In addition, Bibble will have to renovate the warehouse, to ensure all safety standards are met, at a cost of $(200,000 - (C × 10,000)), which for tax purposes will be expensed immediately. Machinery to produce the glassware will cost $150,000, with an additional $30,000 for installation. A further once-off $20,000 training cost for existing staff will occur initially to ensure the safe production and use of this machinery. This will also be expensed immediately. The machinery will be depreciated straight line on an annual basis over the entire useful life of 6 years, to a salvage value of zero. The machine will generate pre-tax revenues of $(210,000 + (D * 10,000)) and pre-tax expenses of $120,000 every six months. In addition, you have been given the following information: The corporate tax rate is 30%; The project is in an industry which is (10 + (B* 10)) % more risky than the industry in which the firm currently operates; The firm currently has a beta of 1.2; The market risk premium is 3% every six months; and, The expected return on the market is 4% every six months. Assuming that the initial investment is made today and cash flows are received or paid as stated in the question, do you recommend that Bibble Co proceed with the glassware project? Why or why not
Based on the given information, the decision to proceed with the glassware project for Bibble Co should be evaluated. The analysis involves considering the initial investment, cash flows, tax implications, depreciation, industry risk, and market factors.
To determine whether Bibble Co should proceed with the glassware project, we need to calculate the project's net present value (NPV) and evaluate its profitability.
Cash Flows: Calculate the initial investment and subsequent cash flows, including the lease payment, renovation cost, machinery cost, installation cost, training cost, and pre-tax revenues and expenses.
Tax Implications: Take into account the tax deductibility of the lease payment and immediate expensing of renovation and training costs.
Depreciation: Calculate the annual depreciation expense for the machinery using straight-line depreciation over its useful life.
Industry Risk: Determine the project's risk level compared to the firm's current industry, considering the industry risk factor (B).
Discount Rate: Calculate the required return using the firm's current beta, the market risk premium, and the expected return on the market.
NPV Calculation: Discount the cash flows to present value using the required return, and calculate the NPV by subtracting the initial investment.
Based on the calculated NPV, if it is positive, the project is expected to generate positive returns and should be recommended. Conversely, if the NPV is negative, the project may not be financially viable, and it is advisable to reconsider proceeding with the glassware project.
Please note that without specific values for variables such as C, D, and the discount rates, it is not possible to provide an accurate recommendation.
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When a city holds pension monies for city employees, the monies should not be recorded in which of the following (select all that apply):
A) The general fund.
B) A private purpose trust fund.
C) A fiduciary fund.
D) An agency fund.
E) A special revenue fund.
The pension monies for city employees should not be recorded in the general fund, a private-purpose trust fund, or a special revenue fund.
The monies held for city employees' pensions should be recorded in specific types of funds that are designed to handle fiduciary responsibilities. These funds ensure that the pension assets are separate from the general operating funds of the city. The appropriate funds for recording pension monies are a fiduciary fund or an agency fund.
A) The general fund is used to record the city's general operating activities and should not include pension monies, as they are separate and designated for specific purposes.
B) A private-purpose trust fund is not appropriate for recording pension monies, as it is typically used for assets held for the benefit of individuals, organizations, or other entities.
C) A fiduciary fund is the appropriate fund type for recording pension monies. It is used for assets held in a trustee capacity, such as pension funds.
D) An agency fund is also appropriate for recording pension monies. It is used when the city acts as a custodian or agent for the assets, with no ownership interest.
E) A special revenue fund is not the appropriate fund type for recording pension monies. It is used for specific revenue sources that are legally restricted for particular purposes other than pension obligations.
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Tomlin City establishes a capital projects fund to begin construction on a new city recreation center. At the outset, the City expects to issues bonds at par of $5,000,000, expects to sign a contract for $4,500,000, incur additional construction costs of $600,000, and obtain a construction grant from the state for $200,000.
Record the budgetary journal entry, and identify whether there is an anticipated surplus or shortfall associated with the project.
Anticipated shortfall in Tomlin City's capital projects fund due to total estimated revenues and financing sources being less than total appropriations.
The budgetary journal entry records the expected inflows and outflows of funds related to the project. The entry begins by debiting the cash account for the expected bond proceeds of $5,000,000, representing the funds to be received from issuing bonds. Correspondingly, the credit is made to the other financing sources account, specifically for bonds. Next, the entry records the encumbrances of $4,500,000 for the contract signed for the construction project. This reflects the amount of money reserved for the specific purpose of fulfilling the contract. The corresponding credit is made to the reserves - encumbrances account.
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View Picis Current Attempt in Progress Gladow Corporation began operations in 2020 and has these transactions related to intangible assets is that year Purchased a patent (5-year Goodwill purchased as part of an acquisition of another company Acquired a 9-year franchio expiration date July 1, 2025 Determined that the recoverable amount of the potent and franchise to be $214.000 a $641.000 respectively. There was no indication that the goodwill was impaired Jan 2 Apr. 1 M1 Dec 31 Date Account Titles and Explanation Jan. 2 Apt. 1 -15 Prepare the necessary entries to record these intangibles. Assume all costs incurred were for cash On account ster automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually if no entry is requiredt, select "No Entry for the account titles and enter O for the amounts Debit I Credit $364.000 SACR000 $400 Act 1 Jd. 1 (Part of the entry to record purchase of another company) eTextbook and Media List of Accounts Prepare any adjusting journal entries required at December 31, 2020. (Credit account sicles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry for the account titles and enter O for the amounts) Date Account Titles and Explanation Credit Dec. 31 (Amortization of Patent) Debit Question 9 of 9 Date Account Titles and Explanation Dec 31 Dec 31 Dec 31 Dec 31 Dec 31 dusortization Pat Amortization of rand ngatment of Pe limpsement of Fenchel pent of Goodw Textbook and Media Credit SHI ^64 KO eTextbook and Media Dimpairment of Goodwill) List of Accounts Calculate the carrying amount at December 31, 2020 for each of the intangibles Patents Goodwill S Franchises $ $ eTextbook and Media) List of Accounts Save for Later Using multiple attempts will impact your score Attempts: 0 of 3 used S
Gladow Corporation engaged in several transactions related to intangible assets in the year 2020. They purchased a patent, acquired a franchise, and obtained goodwill as part of an acquisition. The recoverable amounts of the patent and franchise were determined to be $364,000 and $641,000, respectively, with no impairment of goodwill indicated. At December 31, 2020, the necessary entries were made to record these intangibles, and any adjusting journal entries required were also made. The carrying amounts at December 31, 2020, for each of the intangibles (patents, goodwill, and franchises) need to be calculated.
In 2020, Gladow Corporation engaged in various transactions related to intangible assets. They purchased a patent for $364,000, acquired a franchise with an expiration date of July 1, 2025, and obtained goodwill as part of an acquisition. The recoverable amounts of the patent and franchise were determined to be $364,000 and $641,000, respectively, indicating no impairment of goodwill.
To record these transactions, appropriate journal entries were made on the respective dates. For example, on January 2, the entry to record the purchase of the patent would include a debit to the Patent account for $364,000 and a credit to Cash for the same amount.
Additionally, at December 31, 2020, adjusting journal entries were made. The details of these entries are not provided in the question, but they would typically include adjustments for amortization or impairment. For instance, an adjusting entry may be made to amortize the patent over its useful life or to recognize any impairment of goodwill if it occurred.
To calculate the carrying amount of each intangible asset at December 31, 2020, the respective initial amounts need to be adjusted based on any amortization or impairment recorded during the year. The carrying amount is the original cost minus any accumulated amortization or impairment.
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In 2017-18, Ahmed has capital gains of £125,000 and allowable losses of £28,000. He also has capital losses brought forward of £4,800. Ahmed's taxable income for 2017-18 (after deduction of the personal allowance) is £18,600. He makes no Gift Aid donations during the year. Compute his capital gains tax (CGT) liability for the year assuming his gains of £125,000 comprise either: a) a gain of £115,000 which qualifies for entrepreneurs' relief (ER) and a non-ER gain of £10,000 on the disposal of chattels, or b) An ER gain of £10,000 and a non-ER gain of £115,000 arising on the disposal of residential property, or c) An ER gain of £7,500, a non-ER gain of £75,000 on the disposal of residential property and a non-ER gain of £42,500 on the disposal of shares. 2) Karen bought a house in 1990 for £46,000. In November 1991 she spent £18,000 on dividing the house into two self-contained flats. In September 2015 she sold one of the flats for £90,000, at which time the other flat was valued at £110,000. In January 2018 she sold the second flat for £115,000. Karen has never lived in either of the flats.< Compute the chargeable gains arising on Karen's two disposals.
The chargeable gain on Kares first flat is £54,600 , the chargeable gain is £69,400
How to solve for the chargeable gainsAhmed’s case:
Net capital gains = £125,000 - £28,000 - £4,800
= £92,200
Taxable gains
= £92,200 - £11,300 (annual exempt amount) = £80,900
Unused basic rate band = £33,500 - £18,600 = £14,900
CGT on unused basic rate band = £14,900 * 10% (or 18% if residential property gain) = £1,490
CGT on remaining gains = £66,000 * 20% = £13,200
Total CGT liability = £1,490 + £13,200 (or £2,682 + £18,480)
Kare case:
Total cost of both flats = £46,000 + £18,000 = £64,000
Cost of each flat = £90,000 - (£64,000 / £200,000) * £90,000
= £54,600
Chargeable gain on second disposal
= £115,000 - (£64,000 / £200,000) * £115,000
= £69,400
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31, 5. Warranties. In the calendar year 2020, Golden Enterprises sold 4,000 units of its product for P10,000 each. The selling price included a one-year warranty on parts. It is expected that 3% of the units would be defective and that repair costs would average P1,500 per unit. In 2020, warranty contracts were honoured on 80 units of product for a total cost of P120,000. The Provision for Warranty account had a balance of P120,000 at January 1, 2020. What amount should Golden accrue on December 31, 2020 for estimated warranty costs?
To determine the amount that Golden Enterprises should accrue on December 31, 2020, for estimated warranty costs, we need to calculate the expected warranty expense for the remaining warranty period.
Units sold in 2020: 4,000
Selling price per unit: P10,000
Expected defective units: 3% of 4,000 = 120 units
Average repair cost per defective unit: P1,500
Warranty contracts honored in 2020: 80 units
Total cost of honored contracts in 2020: P120,000
Provision for Warranty balance at January 1, 2020: P120,000
First, we calculate the expected warranty expense for the remaining warranty period:
Expected defective units - Units repaired in 2020 = 120 - 80 = 40 units
Estimated warranty cost for the remaining warranty period:
40 units x P1,500 per unit = P60,000
To accrue the estimated warranty costs on December 31, 2020, we need to adjust the Provision for Warranty account by the difference between the estimated warranty cost and the cost of honored contracts in 2020:
Accrual amount = Estimated warranty cost - Cost of honored contracts
Accrual amount = P60,000 - P120,000 = -P60,000
Since the Provision for Warranty account had a balance of P120,000 at January 1, 2020, the accrual amount would be a reduction of P60,000 from the existing balance. Therefore, Golden Enterprises should accrue a liability of P60,000 for estimated warranty costs on December 31, 2020.
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Rubio, Inc., an accrual basis C corporation, reports the following amounts for the tax year. The applicable income tax rate is 30%.
Book income, including the items below $80,000
Increase in book allowance for anticipated warranty costs 5,000
Interest income from City of Westerville bonds 10,000
Bribes paid to Federal inspectors 17,000
Rubio's income tax expense is ? and GAAP income for the year is ?
The answer is: "Rubio, Inc.'s income tax expense for the year is $23,400, and its GAAP income is $54,600."
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) income refers to the net income or profit calculated using the principles and guidelines outlined by the accounting standards in a particular jurisdiction. It represents the financial performance of a company as reported in its financial statements in accordance with the applicable accounting rules and regulations.
To calculate Rubio, Inc.'s income tax expense and GAAP income for the year, we need to consider the adjustments required under the accrual basis of accounting and the applicable tax rate.
Start with the book income: $80,000
Add the increase in book allowance for anticipated warranty costs: +$5,000
Book income after warranty costs adjustment: $80,000 + $5,000 = $85,000
Add interest income from City of Westerville bonds: +$10,000
Book income after interest income adjustment: $85,000 + $10,000 = $95,000
Subtract bribes paid to Federal inspectors: -$17,000
Book income after bribes adjustment: $95,000 - $17,000 = $78,000
Now, let's calculate the income tax expense and GAAP income:
Income tax expense: Book income * Tax rate
Income tax expense: $78,000 * 30% = $23,400
GAAP income: Book income - Income tax expense
GAAP income: $78,000 - $23,400 = $54,600
Therefore, Rubio, Inc.'s income tax expense for the year is $23,400, and its GAAP income is $54,600.
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5) Given the following information, please provide the estimated value of the following A stocks using the P/E Valuation Model. Firm Boeing $8.35 Consolidated Edison $4.62 Walmart $9.75 Amazon $10.32 Industry Aerospace / Defense Railroads Retail (general) Retail (online) Utility (general) Industry P/E Ratios 35.7 20.3 44.2 60.3 18.3 25.7 Paper/Forest Products
Given the following information, the estimated value of the A stocks using the P/E Valuation Model is as follows:
Firm Boeing $8.35
Industry Aerospace / Defense
Industry P/E Ratio 35.7
Boeing's earnings per share = $8.35 / 35.7 = $0.2341
Estimated value of Boeing's stock = $0.2341 x 35.7 = $8.36
Consolidated Edison $4.62
Industry Utility (general)
Industry P/E Ratio 18.3
Consolidated Edison's earnings per share = $4.62 / 18.3 = $0.2525
Estimated value of Consolidated Edison's stock = $0.2525 x 18.3 = $4.62
Walmart $9.75
Industry Retail (general)
Industry P/E Ratio 44.2
Walmart's earnings per share = $9.75 / 44.2 = $0.2206
Estimated value of Walmart's stock = $0.2206 x 44.2 = $9.74
Amazon $10.32
Industry Retail (online)
Industry P/E Ratio 60.3
Amazon's earnings per share = $10.32 / 60.3 = $0.1711
Estimated value of Amazon's stock = $0.1711 x 60.3 = $10.32
The P/E Valuation Model is a useful tool for investors and analysts who want to estimate the value of a company's stock based on its P/E Ratio and earnings per share. By using this model, they can get a better idea of the relative value of a company's stock and make informed investment decisions.
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Calculate the numerical value of the coefficient of the price elasticity of demand in each of the following situations. Do not round your interim calculations before obtaining the final solution (e. do not clear your calculator). In each case, express the number to two decimal places and do not include a positive or negative sign (e. 167, not-17 or +1667) a. Consumer A's purchases of romance novels fall from 5 to 3 per month when their price increases from $9 to $11. The coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is [ b. Weekly purchases of packs of chewing gum rise from 1.2 million to 1.3 million packs when their price declines from $1.00 to $0.90. The coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is c. A rise in the price of a health supplement from $20 to $25 per bottle reduces the number of bottles sold from 75,000 from 70.000. The coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is d. The annual quantity demanded of tablet computers rises from 200,000 to 250,000 when the price of tablets fails from $550 to $500. The coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is
The coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is,-2.75 (rounded to two decimal places).
a) The formula for calculating the coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is: Price Elasticity of Demand
= % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Price Quantity demanded of romance novels by Consumer A falls from 5 to 3 per month when the price increases from $9 to $11. So,% Change in Quantity Demanded
= [(New Quantity Demanded - Old Quantity Demanded) / Old Quantity Demanded] x 100%
Change in Quantity Demanded
= [(3 - 5) / 5] x 100%
Change in Quantity Demanded
= -40%Also,%
Change in Price = [(New Price - Old Price) / Old Price] x 100%
Change in Price = [(11 - 9) / 9] x 100%
Change in Price = 22.22%
Therefore, the coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is,-1.82 (rounded to two decimal places)b) Weekly purchases of packs of chewing gum rise from 1.2 million to 1.3 million packs when the price declines from $1.00 to $0.90. So,% Change in Quantity Demanded
= [(New Quantity Demanded - Old Quantity Demanded) / Old Quantity Demanded] x 100%
Change in Quantity Demanded = [(1.3 - 1.2) / 1.2] x 100%
Change in Quantity Demanded = 8.33%
Also,% Change in Price
= [(New Price - Old Price) / Old Price] x 100%
Change in Price = [(0.90 - 1.00) / 1.00] x 100%
Change in Price = -10%
Therefore, the coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is,0.83 (rounded to two decimal places)c)A rise in the price of a health supplement from $20 to $25 per bottle reduces the number of bottles sold from 75,000 to 70,000. So,% Change in Quantity Demanded
= [(New Quantity Demanded - Old Quantity Demanded) / Old Quantity Demanded] x 100%
Change in Quantity Demanded = [(70,000 - 75,000) / 75,000] x 100% Change in Quantity Demanded = -6.67%Also,%
Change in Price = [(New Price - Old Price) / Old Price] x 100%
Change in Price = [(25 - 20) / 20] x 100%
Change in Price = 25%
Therefore, the coefficient of the price elasticity of demand is,0.27 (rounded to two decimal places)d) The annual quantity demanded of tablet computers rises from 200,000 to 250,000 when the price of tablets falls from $550 to $500. So,% Change in Quantity Demanded
= [(New Quantity Demanded - Old Quantity Demanded) / Old Quantity Demanded] x 100%
Change in Quantity Demanded = [(250,000 - 200,000) / 200,000] x 100%
Change in Quantity Demanded = 25%
Also,%
Change in Price = [(New Price - Old Price) / Old Price] x 100%
Change in Price = [(500 - 550) / 550] x 100%
Change in Price = -9.09%
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Complete the following. (Value: 2 x 5= 10 marks) The following interoffice messages are too long and too formal to be effective as electronic transmissions to others on the same computer network. Revise each message to make it direct and less formal-that is, appropriate for electronic communication. Make sure that each message contains 50 or fewer words in one paragraph. 1. In an effort to stimulate sales, we are hosting demonstrations for special clients here in the Eastern Region. In Ontario, we will sponsor a demonstration in Niagara Falls, one in Oshawa, and one in Ottawa. These three demonstrations will be held in March. In New Brunswick, we plan to sponsor two demonstrations. One will be held in Edmundston; the other will be in Saint John. These demonstrations are tentatively scheduled for April. In Québec, the demonstrations will be in Hull and Montreal-tentatively set for May. A schedule of dates and times is forthcoming. We will distribute the "final" schedule of demonstration times and dates, as well as the names of the hotels, during the next month or so. 2. Many employees have been requesting information concerning extended medical benefits for themselves and their families. Connors Worldwide Insurance, which provides our employees with their company-paid insurance has several attractive packages available to any interested employee at reasonable costs. Employees who are interested can pay the cost of premiums through payroll deductions. If you feel that you might need some additional insurance above and beyond what the company now offers, by all means be sure to get more information on the specific packages available and the cost of each. For more information, contact Gretchen Heinz in the Benefits Department. Gretchen's extension is 4384.
The following interoffice messages are too long and too formal to be effective as electronic transmissions to others on the same computer network.
1. We're hosting demos for select clients in the Eastern Region. In Ontario, demos will be held in Niagara Falls, Oshawa, and Ottawa in March. In New Brunswick, we'll have 2 demos in April - Edmundson and Saint John. In Québec, we'll host demos in Hull and Montreal tentatively in May. Dates and times are coming soon.
2. Many employees want information on extended medical benefits. Connors Worldwide Insurance has attractive packages available at a reasonable cost. If you're interested, you can pay premiums via payroll deductions. If you want more information, contact Gretchen Heinz in Benefits. Gretchen's extension is 4384.
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Discuss your purpose in life. How does that relate to what we have learned about effective leadership practices that build strong foundations for ethical practices within change organizations? Refer to the Adam Leipzig TEDx Talk video in this week's Readings and Resources as a guide to defining your life purpose.
In the TEDx Talk, Adam Leipzig suggests five key questions to help define one's life purpose:
Who are you?What do you do?Who do you do it for?What do those people want or need?How do they change as a result?Relating these questions to effective leadership practices and ethical foundations within change organizations, it is crucial for leaders to have clarity about their own identity and values (question 1) to serve as a moral compass in their decision-making processes. This self-awareness helps leaders maintain integrity and authenticity, fostering trust and respect within the organization.
Leaders must also understand the purpose of their role (question 2) and the impact it has on others (question 3). Effective leaders align their actions with the greater good, considering the needs and aspirations of their teams and stakeholders (question 4). They strive to create positive change and contribute to the growth and development of individuals and the organization as a whole (question 5).
Ethical practices within change organizations require leaders to demonstrate transparency, fairness, and accountability. They should communicate openly, involve stakeholders in decision-making, and ensure that change initiatives align with organizational values and ethical guidelines. Leaders who are driven by a clear purpose can inspire others, motivate teams, and foster a culture of integrity and ethical behavior within the organization.
In summary, defining one's life purpose, as discussed in the Adam Leipzig TEDx Talk, can provide a foundation for effective leadership practices and ethical foundations within change organizations. By aligning personal values and goals with the needs of others and the organization, leaders can lead with authenticity, foster ethical practices, and drive meaningful change.
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It is now December 31, 2022 and it was discovered that in 2021 the company incorrectly recorded too much depreciation in the amount of $15,000. The company has a tax rate of 20%. The company had retained earnings at January 1, 2022 of $220,000, profit for the year of $68,000 and declared $28,000 of dividends, with $23,000 of those being paid by December 31, 2022. Required: a) Provide the adjusting journal entry to correct the prior period error from 2021. (2.5 marks) b) Prepare the restated statement of retained earnings for December 31, 2022. (2.5 marks)
Dividends declared and paid in 2022 will decrease retained earnings by $23,000. As a result, retained earnings on December 31, 2022, is $265,000.
The following adjusting entry is needed to fix the mistake:
Depreciation Expense $15,000
Accumulated Depreciation $15,000
Accumulated Depreciation is a contra-asset account.
It's used to reduce the asset's value. A reduction in this account has the opposite effect of increasing the asset account. Depreciation Expense is a cost that must be charged to income. Since it was mistakenly overstated by $15,000 in 2021, we must subtract $15,000 from accumulated depreciation to correct the mistake. That way, our books will show that we've taken too much expense and taken too little cost recovery in prior years. The new statement of retained earnings for December 31, 2022 is calculated as follows: Retained earnings, January 1, 2022 $220,000Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 $68,000Less dividends declared and paid in 2022 ($23,000)Retained earnings, December 31, 2022 $265,000Retained earnings, January 1, 2022, will remain the same.
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explain two types of business environment with example.
2. Explain the 2 types of business environments? Provide examples? I
The business environment refers to the external factors that have an impact on a business's operations. There are two main types of business environments: the internal and external business environment.
Internal business environment
Internal business environment refers to the factors within an organization that affect its operations, productivity, and employee satisfaction. These factors may include the organization's structure, culture, and resources. Here are some examples of internal business environment:
Organizational culture: This includes the values, beliefs, and practices that are unique to an organization. The organizational culture is what drives the behavior and actions of employees in the company.
Organizational structure: This refers to how the company is organized and how authority is distributed. For example, a company may be structured as a functional, divisional, or matrix organization.
Economic factors: These include the state of the economy, interest rates, and inflation rates. For example, when the economy is booming, businesses tend to do well.
Technological factors: This includes advances in technology that can change the way a business operates. For example, the use of social media can be a game-changer for small businesses.
In conclusion, the business environment is a complex set of factors that have an impact on a business's operations. It is essential for businesses to understand both the internal and external business environment and how it affects their operations.
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