a method used by a health plan to measure the amount and appropriateness of health services used by its members is called a(n)

The Tuberculin Purified Protein outgrowth( PPD) test measures the body’s vulnerable response to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

This test is  generally used to diagnose an active infection of tuberculosis( TB). During the test, the skin is  fitted  with the PPD antigen and the area is  also checked for a  response. The size of the induration( or swelling) is measured 48 to 72 hours  latterly.

A result of 12 mm or  further indicates a positive  response, and  farther testing may be necessary to confirm a  opinion of active TB. It's important to note that a positive result doesn't  inescapably mean that the person has active TB, as the body may have been exposed to TB in the  history and the vulnerable system has been  touched off in response to the antigen. thus, a positive result should be followed up with  farther testing.

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The muscles that the nurse would view to assess the respiratory status of the child who has a persistent cough on examination are the abdominal muscles.

Infants and young children under the age of six normally breathe through their diaphragm and abdominal muscles. This means that when determining a child's respiratory state in this age group, the nurse should watch the abdomen muscles rise and fall.

The nurse should evaluate the child's breathing rate, rhythm, and pattern as well as look for symmetrical movement of the abdomen muscles while breathing.

In order to identify any indications of distress, the nurse may also use a stethoscope to listen to the child's breath sounds. This knowledge is essential for directing the child's persistent cough treatment and therapies. When assessing the child's general respiratory health, the nurse's assessment of the abdominal muscles is crucial.

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The nurse would expect to identify clinical indicators such as chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing, rapid heart rate, and decreased oxygen saturation when assessing an individual with a spontaneous pneumothorax.

When assessing an individual with a spontaneous pneumothorax, the nurse would expect to identify clinical indicators such as:

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Florence Nightingale improved patient outcomes in the Crimean War. This is an example of Historical type of research.

The set of methods and rules used by historians to conduct research and create historical works is known as the historical method. The historian's skill lies in locating these sources, assessing their relative authority, and properly combining their testimony in order to create an accurate and trustworthy picture of past events and environments. Secondary sources, primary sources, and material evidence, such as that derived from archaeology, may all be used.

The subfield of epistemology in philosophy of history addresses the nature and viability of a reliable historical methodology. Historiography is the study of historical methodology and various historical writing styles.

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Complete Question is:

The nurse researcher decides to complete a study to evaluate how Florence Nightingale improved patient outcomes in the Crimean War. This is an example of which type of research?

A cancer is being treated in a client. Soft tissue cancer leads to pain by squeezing and eroding blood vessels, which can lead to ulcers, necrosis, and bleeding that can sometimes turn into a hemorrhage.

Stomach cancer can cause severe and constant pain due to its effect on surrounding tissues. The growing tumor compresses and erodes blood vessels, leading to ulceration, necrosis, and sometimes bleeding. This can result in significant pain for the patient. In addition to that, the cancer may cause other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and a decreased appetite. The healthcare team is working to manage the client's pain through various methods such as pain medication, nerve blocks, and other techniques. The ultimate goal is to improve the patient's quality of life and reduce their discomfort as much as possible.

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Answer:

Immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace.

The instruction to be included by the nurse when providing preoperative education to a client scheduled for orthopedic surgery at 8:00 am the next day is: (C) "Consume a light evening meal tonight and then no food or fluids after midnight."

Orthopedic surgery is the surgical operation related to the musculoskeletal system. The type of injuries or disease treated in orthopedics are: musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.

Meal is a certain amount of food eaten at a specific time of the day to satiate hunger. Meal intake before any surgical operation is am important factor to be considered. This is because the meal should not cause nausea and it should not enter the lungs or any other organ that may cause complications.

The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

The nurse is providing preoperative education to a client scheduled for orthopedic surgery at 8:00 am the next day. Which instruction would the nurse include?

A. "Have your dinner completed by 6:00 PM tonight and then no food or fluids after that."

B. "Drink whatever liquids you want tonight and then only clear liquids tomorrow morning."

C. "Consume a light evening meal tonight and then no food or fluids after midnight."

D. "Eat lunch today and then do not drink or eat anything until after your surgery."

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In light of the need to assess for conditions that can mimic acute alcohol intoxication, the ED nurse should perform a mental status assessment of the patient.

This should include a physical exam, an evaluation of their mental state, and a review of any medical history or current medications that may affect the patient's intoxication. Additionally, the nurse should administer a breathalyzer test to measure the patient's blood alcohol content (BAC) and look for other signs of intoxication, such as slurred speech or inability to follow instructions.

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A young want tobe Nazi hunter is keeping an eye on Josef Mengele in Paraguay, a Nazi scientist who tested Jews during the war.

The man has been calling Ezra Lieberman, a well-known Nazi hunter, who upsets him. As Liberman prepares to hear more from Mengele, the latter kills him. After receiving some images of Mengele's visitors that he had previously sent, Liberman decides to keep a watch out for any sudden deaths of 65-year-old males because he recognised some of the visitors as Nazis. Liberman learns that each of the men who are slain has an adopted son who resembles them all when he visits some of the homes of the victims.

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A client is advised to follow a clear liquid diet after surgery. The client would be given Jell-O, broth, and ginger ale by the nurse. 

A clear liquid diet is typically prescribed to patients after surgery as it is easy to digest and does not put stress on the digestive system. The nurse would offer Jell-O, Broth, and Ginger ale to the client as these are common items that are included in a clear liquid diet. Jell-O is a flavored, sweetened gelatine dessert that provides hydration and essential electrolytes. Broth is a clear liquid that is made by boiling bones, vegetables, and seasonings, and is a good source of hydration and essential vitamins and minerals. Ginger ale is a carbonated soft drink that is commonly used to relieve nausea and provide hydration.

It is important for the patient to stick to the clear liquid diet as prescribed by the physician to ensure proper healing and recovery after surgery.

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The most crucial nursing intervention in a case of shoulder dystocia during labor is to support the medical professional in using the right management strategies to deliver the fetus safely.

When the baby's shoulder becomes wedged behind the mother's pubic bone after the head has been delivered, it is known as shoulder dystocia, which has the potential to be a major labor problem. It is crucial that the nurse act appropriately in this scenario to guarantee the safety of both the mother and the infant. Some of the important nursing interventions for shoulder dystocia include:

1) Assessing the mother's and baby's vital signs and fetal heart rate.

2) Notifying the obstetrician or midwife immediately.

3) Encouraging the mother to stop pushing and pant instead to help relieve the pressure on the baby's shoulder.

4) Applying suprapubic pressure to the mother's abdomen to help dislodge the baby's shoulder.

5) Keeping the baby's head and neck supported to prevent injury.

6) Documenting the events and interventions.

7) Monitoring the mother and baby closely for any signs of distress or complications.

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The question given is incomplete, complete question is listed below: -

A client is giving birth when shoulder dystocia occurs in the fetus. The nurse recognizes that which condition in the client is likely to increase the risk for shoulder dystocia?

A) diabetes

B) pendulous abdomen

C) nullipara

D) preterm birth

Ethical framework is the good Samaritan law based upon duty. Good Samaritan laws provide legal protection to people who provide emergency assistance in good faith.

The laws vary by jurisdiction, but generally offer immunity from civil liability to people who provide reasonable assistance to those in immediate need, as long as the rescuer acts in good faith and does not cause harm through negligence or intentional wrongdoing.

The aim of Good Samaritan laws is to encourage individuals to offer help in emergency situations without fear of legal consequences.

The specific provisions and protection offered by Good Samaritan laws vary by jurisdiction, but they generally apply to individuals who act in good faith and without expectation of compensation.

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The nurse should rewarm the affected area using warm water, a heating pad, or warm compresses and monitor for tissue damage, providing pain relief medications as needed.

The nurse should manage the client's frostbite by gently rewarming the affected area using warm water, a heating pad, or warm compresses. The temperature of the water or heating pad should be between 104 - 108 °F.

The nurse should also monitor the area closely for signs of tissue damage, such as blisters, peeling skin, or discoloration. If any of these signs are present, the nurse should notify the physician immediately. The nurse should also provide the client with pain relief medications as needed.

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The individual time rate of incidence of heart diseases in the population is 2.5 cases per 1,000 man years.

A hypothesis in a scientific context, is a testable statement which is about the relationship between two or more variables of the study or a proposed explanation for some particular observed phenomenon.

Here, the numerator = number of new instances of coronary illness = 0 + 1 + 7 + 8 = 16

Denominator = individual long periods of perception

Denominator = (2,000 + 1/2 x 100) + (1,900 + 1/2 × 1 + 1/2 × 99) + (1,100 + 1/2 × 7 + 1/2 × 793) + (700 + 1/2 × 8 + 1/2 x 392)

Denominator = 6,400 man long periods of follow-up.

Individual time rate = Number of new instances of sickness or the injury during indicated period of time / Time every individual was noticed, added up to for all people

Individual time rate = 16/6,400

Individual time rate = .0025 cases each individual year

Individual time rate = 2.5 cases per 1,000 man years.

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The pelican who stuck his head into a wall socket would likely have suffered an electric shock and could have cardiac arrest been injured or killed.

Electric shock occurs when electrical current passes through the body, causing damage to the tissues and disrupting pelican normal body functions. When an animal, such as a pelican, sticks its head into a wall socket, it is at risk of receiving a potentially lethal electric shock. The electric current could damage the heart, disrupt normal heart rhythm, and cause cardiac arrest. It could also cause burns, tissue damage, and muscle contractions. In addition, the pelican could be electrocuted, or killed, by the shock. It is important to always be cardiac arrest around electrical sources, especially wall sockets, and to keep pets and other animals away from these sources to prevent injury or death.

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A nursing student identifies the problems with the uterus or fetus as the main cause of labor dysfunction. It refers to the prolongation of the duration of labor.

Labor dysfunction is defined as a variation from the typical course of labor and delivery, which makes it challenging to deliver a baby. It can result from a number of things, including maternal variables, foetal factors, or inefficient or improperly timed uterine contractions. Prolonged latent phase, stoppage of dilatation, arrest of descent, and failure to progress are a few common manifestations of labor dysfunction. These can result in protracted labor, an increased chance of caesarean birth, and associated difficulties for the mother and the fetus. The underlying reason and the seriousness of the condition determine how to handle labor dysfunction.

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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is as:

A nursing student correctly identifies the causes of labor dysfunction to include which factors? Select all that apply.

1) problems with the uterus
2) problems with the fetus
3) problem with the hymen
4) problem with urethra

Option C: Furuncle condition would the nurse suspect in a client with a skin infection in the axilla who reports a small, red lesion filled with pus and upon assessment, the nurse notices the area to be erythematous and tender on palpation with noticeable pus.

When bacteria invade and irritate one or more of your hair follicles, a painful, pus-filled swelling under your skin known as a boil develops. A carbuncle is a collection of boils that join to produce an infected region beneath the skin.

Typically, boils (furuncles) begin as sensitive, reddish or purplish lumps. Before they rupture and discharge, the lumps quickly fill with pus, enlarging and becoming more painful. The face, back of the neck, armpits, thighs, and buttocks are the regions most prone to be impacted.

A single boil may typically be treated at home. However, avoid poking or squeezing it since this could spread the illness.

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The nurse is providing guidance after observing a mother interact with her negative 2-year-old boy. Telling the child firmly that we don't scream in the office interaction will the nurse advise the mother that she is handling the negativism properly.

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Working cooperatively with doctors, therapists, patients, patients' families, and other team members, nurses create a plan of care that emphasizes treating sickness to enhance quality of life. According to specific state requirements, clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners in the US and UK diagnose health issues and prescribe the proper drugs and other treatments.

As part of a multidisciplinary health care team, nurses may assist in coordinating the patient care provided by therapists, doctors, and dietitians. In their capacity as nursing professionals, nurses deliver care both independently and collaboratively, such as with physicians. In addition to giving care and support, nurses also inform the public and encourage good health.

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The nurse is providing guidance after observing a mother interact with her negative 2-year-old boy. For which interaction will the nurse advise the mother that she is handling the negativism properly?

A)Telling the child to stop tearing pages from magazines

B)Asking the child if he would please quit throwing toys

C)Telling the child firmly that we don't scream in the office

D)Saying, "Please come over here and sit in this chair. OK?"

The correct technique is "Put on sterile gloves before opening sterile package."

Aseptic technique is a set of procedures used to prevent the introduction of infection into a wound or sterile body cavity, such as the bladder.

The nurse is using aseptic technique to insert an indwelling urinary catheter, which is a tube that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to allow continuous draining of urine.

By putting on sterile gloves before opening the sterile package, the nurse is taking a step to ensure that their hands do not contaminate the sterile field or the contents of the package, such as the catheter or other supplies. This helps to minimize the risk of infection and maintain asepsis.

Other techniques, such as keeping the sterile field above waist level, maintaining a 3-inch border around the sterile field, and opening the sterile package towards the nurse to prevent reaching over, are also important in maintaining asepsis and minimizing the risk of infection.

But putting on sterile gloves before opening the sterile package is the first and most critical step in the process.

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A patient who is 30 weeks pregnant delivers a stillborn child in the emergency department (ED). The following should the ED nurse offer the patient :

Nurses play a pivotal role in the care of a pregnant woman who has experienced a miscarriage and her family. Approximately 20% die or are confirmed dead, primarily in the emergency department (ED) outpatient setting. The emergency department is unlike any other place where children die. This is because death is often sudden and unexpected, and the doctor-patient relationship of care has not been established in advance. Despite these difficult circumstances, and their potentially limited professional experience with child death, emergency physicians are at the mercy of caring for a dying, sick or injured child. We must be prepared to deal with emotional, cultural, procedural and legal issues that cannot be resolved. All of this must be accomplished while supporting grieving families. You are also responsible for notifying the child's pediatrician of the death, and the pediatrician must be ready to provide advice and support to the bereaved.

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Complete question :

A patient who is 30 weeks pregnant delivers a stillborn child in the emergency department (ED). What should the ED nurse offer the patient? (Select all that apply.)

a. Privacy

b. An opportunity to hold the infant

c. Materials about support groups

d. A memento (footprint or lock of hair)

e. A warm beverage

The clinical manifestations that one would expect from someone with ulcerative colitis are fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Ulcerative colitis is a form of bowel disease that causes ulcers and inflammation in the digestive tract. It affects the innermost lining of the colon and the rectum. The symptoms for it tends to develop over a period of time instead of appearing suddenly. It has no known cure, but can be treated to reduce the signs and symptoms.

The symptoms of ulcerative colitis are:

When you feel the symptoms, go see your healthcare provider immediately. While this disease normally isn't fatal, it can cause life-threatening complications if not treated properly.

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The patient that would be most eligible to receive a fibrinolytic medication for stroke if no other contraindications are​ found is a. a​ 48-year-old male whose symptoms started while watching the 6 p.m.​ news, at which time he dialed 911.

A stroke is a medical disorder in which there is insufficient blood supply to the brain, resulting in cell death. There are two forms of stroke: ischemic (lack of blood flow) and hemorrhagic (bleeding). Both cause some sections of the brain to cease working correctly. A stroke can cause difficulty moving or feeling on one side of the body, difficulty comprehending or speaking, dizziness, or loss of vision on one side. Symptoms of a stroke frequently arise shortly after the event.

Thrombolysis, also known as fibrinolytic treatment, is the use of drugs to break down (lysis) blood clots that have formed in blood vessels. It is used to treat ST elevation myocardial infarction, stroke, and severe venous thromboembolism (massive pulmonary embolism or extensive deep vein thrombosis). The major risk is bleeding (which might be severe), hence thrombolysis may be inappropriate in some cases. Thrombolysis can also play a significant role in reperfusion treatment, which is used to treat blocked arteries.

The complete question is:

Which of these patients would be most eligible to receive a fibrinolytic medication for stroke if no other contraindications are​ found?

A. A​ 48-year-old male whose symptoms started while watching the 6 p.m.​ news, at which time he dialed 911.

B. A​ 28-year-old female whose symptoms started while cooking and talking.

C. A​ 36-year-old male whose symptoms started while running and exercising.

D. All of these patients.

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Professional autonomy is the most important reason for nurses to use a standardized taxonomy, such as the icnp, ccc, or nanda-i

In order to provide better patient care, nurses should adopt standardized taxonomies like the ICNP, CCC, or NANDA-I. Nurses can make sure that their evaluations and paperwork appropriately reflect the patient's health status and conditions by adopting a standardized language.

This consistency in language encourages improved provider-to-provider communication, which improves care coordination and lowers the chance of medical errors.

Utilizing an uniform taxonomy also makes it easier to collect and analyze data, enabling healthcare companies to enhance their procedures and results.

Standardized taxonomies also aid in the organization and synthesis of nursing knowledge, which aids in the advancement of evidence-based practice.

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A client has low back pain and the healthcare provider needs to rule out the presence of a tumor. Bone scan diagnostic procedure would the nurse anticipate to be ordered for the client.

A bone scan, also known as bone scintigraphy, is a method of bone imaging used in nuclear medicine. Numerous bone disorders, such as cancer of the bone or metastases, the location of bone inflammation and fractures (that may not be seen in conventional X-ray imaging), and bone infection can all be diagnosed with its aid (osteomyelitis).

The majority of other imaging modalities (such as X-ray computed tomography, CT) cannot visualize bone metabolism or bone remodeling, but nuclear medicine can. For imaging aberrant bone metabolism, bone scintigraphy competes with positron emission tomography (PET), however it is significantly less expensive. Following a negative plain radiography result, bone scintigraphy has a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity than CT or MRI for the identification of scaphoid fractures.

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The type 2 diabetic patient takes metformin, which causes metabolic acidosis (Glucophage)

When the body starts to build up lactate and the blood's pH falls too low, lactic acidosis, a medical disorder, results. Metformin (Glucophage) induces metabolic acidosis, which results in an excessive buildup of acid in the body, in the type 2 diabetic patient. The patient's ineffective breathing pattern suggests that their oxidative metabolism is malfunctioning, which leads to an excessive buildup of acid in the body. The client is coping with lactic acidosis as a result. When the body starts to build up lactate and the blood's pH falls too low, lactic acidosis, a medical disorder, results. Blood filtration by the glomeruli, which is responsible for this, happened at a slower rate.

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Left parietal lobe stroke have occurred if a right-handed patient loses the ability to write (agraphia) because of a lack of sensation.

One of the larger brain lobes, the parietal lobe is generally situated in the upper rear region of the skull. It interprets sensory data from the environment, primarily pertaining to touch, flavor, and heat. Impairment to the parietal may cause sensory impairment.

The regulation of taste, perception, sight, feel, and smell is one of the functions that the occipital lobe is essential for. The primary somatic sensory cortex, which the brain uses to interpret information from different parts of the body, is located there.

Right, Parietal Lobe Visual-spatial deficiencies may result from damage to this region. Damage to the left side may impair a person's comprehension of spoken and/or writing systems.

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The nurse is counseling a client with type 1 diabetes about the client's favorite foods that are lowest in carbohydrates (CHO). The food choice picked by the client determines that teaching was effective is skim milk.

Each cup of skim milk has roughly 12 grams of CHO. Approximately 30 grams of CHO are present in 1 cup of apple juice. One cup of nonfat yogurt has roughly 16 grams of carbohydrates. One cup of orange juice contains roughly 25 grams of CHO.

Less than 0.1% of skim milk is fat. Due to their extremely low fat content, some milks may have additional milk solids (such lactose and protein) added to improve flavor and texture. If you like the taste of skim milk in your coffee or smoothies, it's a terrific choice.

Its primary designation as skim milk stems from the manufacturing procedure. Skimming milk traditionally requires a lot of time. This is allowed to sit for a while in a clean, disinfected container after being milked. Fat has a propensity to ascend to the top due to its inherent makeup.

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The early signs of a Dumping syndrome for a client who underwent a Whipple procedure are: (1) Pallor; (2) Sweating

Dumping syndrome is the condition where the food moves from the stomach to the small intestine very early than it should without being properly digested. It can lead to conditions like diarrhea, nausea, and feeling tired after a meal.

Whipple procedure is the complex surgical procedure for the removal of the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder and the bile duct. It is a time-taking procedure with several complications and lower life expectancy.

The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

The nurse is teaching a client who underwent a Whipple procedure regarding the early signs of dumping syndrome. which information would the nurse include? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.

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Answer:

pallor, sweating and tachycardia

Explanation:

Early clinical manifestations of dumping syndrome that the nurse would include are pallor, sweating, tachycardia, palpations, and vertigo.

A liver biopsy is planned for a client with liver carcinoma. The nurse should assess the client if the "International normalized ratio (INR) greater than 4.5". The correct answer is C.

A liver biopsy procedure involves obtaining a tissue sample from the liver to diagnose and evaluate various liver diseases, including carcinoma. The procedure is typically contraindicated in clients with an INR greater than 4.5 because a high INR indicates that the client's blood is not clotting properly, which increases the risk of bleeding during the procedure. A liver biopsy is an invasive procedure, and bleeding during the procedure can result in serious complications such as infection, hematoma formation, or even death. Thus, ensuring a normal INR is crucial prior to undergoing a liver biopsy procedure.

This question should be provided as follows:

A client suspected of carcinoma of the liver is scheduled for a liver biopsy. For which procedural contraindication should the nurse assess the client?

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