A neuron's ability to generate action potentials depends on the sodium entering the axon upon reaching the threshold and the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels.
Neurons are the cells in the brain that transmit instructions and information throughout the body and brain. Action potentials are electrochemical signals that travel the length of the neuron, and carry the information.
When an initial depolarization reaches a threshold, action potentials are triggered. When the inward sodium current is greater than the outward potassium current, this threshold potential occurs. It can be anywhere from 15 millivolts to the resting membrane potential of the cell. The membrane potential is depolarized by the net influx of positive charges carried by sodium ions, which causes voltage-gated sodium channels to open more. A positive feedback cycle that drives the membrane potential to a very depolarized level is brought about by the increased inward current supported by these channels, which results in further depolarization.
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8. In 1979, scientists started an experiment in Amazon to determine whether habitat fragments on land behaved like the islands studied by Wilson and his colleagues. How is a habitat fragment on land similar to an island in the ocean? pro likely to be lost from sm
Both are cut off from other habitats. Water separates islands in the ocean. Human development, such as farms, roads, and towns, separates habitat fragments on land.
What is habitat fragmentation on land and island?The emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), resulting in population fragmentation and ecosystem decay, is referred to as habitat fragmentation.Geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment, as well as human activity such as land conversion, can alter the environment much faster, causing the extinction of many species. Habitat fragmentation is the process by which large, contiguous habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitat.Habitat islands are habitat fragmented areas surrounded and separated by areas of destroyed or degraded habitat. Habitat fragmentation results in the formation of habitat islands. Nature's highways are wildlife corridors. These are the paths and areas that wildlife use to get from one location to another.To learn more about habitat fragmentation refer to :
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What is the ciliated neuroglial cell that functions to circulate cerebrospinal fluid?.
To help circulate cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, ependymal cells beat their cilia.
What type of neuroglial cell is ciliated?
Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord in single-palisade arrays. They are typically ciliated, with cilia that extend into the ventricular cavity. Brightman and Palay have elucidated their fine structure.
Ependymal cells are ciliated simple columnar glial cells that line the spinal cord's ventricles and central canal. Apical surfaces are covered by cilia (which circulate CSF) and microvilli, which are hair-like projections (which help in CSF absorption).
Therefore, ependymal cells are the ciliated neuroglial cell that functions to circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
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which colloid is expensive but rapidly expands plasma volume?
The colloid which is expensive but rapidly expands plasma volume is albumin.
Albumin is a kind of protein that is manufactured inside the human layer.
It is a protective protein that controls the leakage of fluids into blood vessels. This protein also circulates vitamins, hormones, and enzymes throughout the body.
In general, albumin is a colloidal protein and its primary donors are humans. Therefore, its supply is restricted as extracting it from the human body is quite costly and time-consuming.
It is available in injection form and is used for bleeding from burns, injury, or surgery by expanding the blood plasma volume.
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what is a consumer
need help asap
Answer:
Referring to real life scenarios, A consumer is one who is shopping or retailing looking for something they need, whether it be online, in store, or else where . "consuming" What the buisness offers.
Explanation:
Trust
which characteristic makes fungi similar to plants
Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids?
The function of nucleic acids from the given options is that nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.
What are nucleic acids?Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life which are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
Nucleic acids are classified into two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
Nucleic acids like the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living things function.
Nucleic acids do not provide energy and they also do not store fatty acids.
In conclusion, nucleic acids can be found within the nucleus and cytoplasm of our cells.
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what’s the main cause of extinction
Answer: taking animals profit, hunting, trapping
Explanation:
There are many causes of extinction like overuse of resources, loss of natural habitat, pollution etc.
Overuse of resources - Day by day human population is on a rapid rise and with this increasing population, the usage of resources is being increased which results to extinction of resources and different organisms.
Loss of natural habitat - Due to increasing usage of resources, humans had spread to each and every corner of the world, which in turn had affected the natural habitats of animals.
Pollution- It plays a main role in extinction of different species, due to pollution the air and environment is affected badly, which makes it difficult for animals to survive.
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Algae releases carbon dioxide and water when they are burned as biofuel. Why are algae considered to be a good biofuel if they add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
Algae are considered to be a good biofuel even if they add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere because:
they are cheaper to growthey do not require as much carbon dioxide to grow as compared to plants.they do not require as much fertilizer as compared to plantsWhy are algae good for biofuel?
Algae have chlorophylls which makes them photosynthetic like green plants. They can also use energy from the sunlight and carbon dioxide from the environment to release oxygen.
Biofuel, though when burned release carbon dioxide. Algae are however, a better option for biofuel as they still use the carbon dioxide released to the environment for food during photosynthesis.
In summary, relying on crops for biofuels might be expensive as these crops would need land and a lot of capital too. While, with the required nutrients, algae serves as a cheaper and better alternative.
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What was the effect on the environment of
banning chlorofluorocarbons?
Ozone layer preservation and a large decrease in global warming were both achieved by an international ban on ozone-depleting substances. The chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ozone-depleting compounds were outlawed globally in 1987, preventing a disastrous increase in the amount of ultraviolet radiation (UV) reaching the Earth's surface.
What kind of environmental impact do chlorofluorocarbons have?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a class of artificially produced, odorless compounds. CFCs have been prohibited since 1996 due to the harm they do to the ozone layer of the earth. The biodiversity of the world itself will suffer if the ozone layer is destroyed.
If CFCs had not been prohibited, what would have happened?
CFCs are potent greenhouse gases; according to US studies, if CFC use had continued unchecked, global temperature would have increased by 2°C by the year 2070. Extreme weather, including floods, droughts, hurricanes, and heatwaves, would have been fueled by this.
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What is the role of a species can assume in ecosystem this ecncompasses all the way in which species interacts with the ecosystem, such as what it eats
The role a species can assume in ecosystem that encompasses all the way in which species interacts with the ecosystem, such as what it eats is called niche.
What is a niche?Niche is a function within an ecological system to which an organism is especially suited.
The niche of an organism describes the role the organism plays in a community or ecosystem.
A species' niche encompasses both the physical and environmental conditions it requires like temperature and the interactions it has with other species (like predation or competition).
Niche is specific to a particular species, which may overlap with a similar niche but must have distinct differences.
Therefore, it can be said that a niche is the role of a species in an ecosystem.
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which term describes a band of fibers that hold structures together abnormally? a. contracture b. spasm c. adhesion d. singultus
Correct answer is option c. adhension
What is adhension?
Cohesion describes how similar or identical particles or surfaces prefer to stick together, whereas adhesion describes how different particles or surfaces tend to stick together.
There are various subtypes of forces that lead to adhesion and cohesion. Chemical adhesion, dispersive adhesion, and diffusive adhesion are the three intermolecular forces that determine how different kinds of stickers and sticky tape work. These intermolecular forces have cumulative magnitudes, but there are also some emergent mechanical effects.
Water Molecule Adhesion
Water frequently displays the adhesion property. This is due to the fact that water's stickiness enables it to "stick" to several surfaces and things. The easiest way to describe water's capacity to adhere to other surfaces is that it can do so by forging tenuous surface bonds. Numerous actions and reactions of water in both the lab and in nature can be attributed to its adhesion property.
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If the nyasasaurus parringtoni was found only in rock layer 2 and a fossil of an unknown plant was found only in rock layer 4, what would a paleontologist know about the comparative age and environment of the nyasasaurus parringtoni and the unknown plant?
Please help I'll put you as brainliest!!
The Paleontologist would use the law of superposition to decide the relative ages of the layers. Note that the Paleontologist would also infer that the plant is older than the Nyasasaurus Parringtoni that was found.
Why would the paleontologist make the above inference?The paleontologist would reach the above conclusion because based on the law of superposition, a sedimentary rock layer is are arranged according to age from youngest (topmost) to oldest (bottom).
A paleontologist is a scientist who analyzes the fossil record to learn about the evolution of life on Earth. Fossils are proof of former life on the earth and can be generated from animal bodies or their imprints (body fossils). Trace fossils are a kind of fossil.
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6. Human blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets,
and a liquid called plasma. Forensic scientists can only determine
DNA from a blood sample if there are white blood cells present in the
blood sample. Based on this, what organelle do mature red blood
cells lack? What do you think is the advantage for mature red blood
cells by lacking this feature?
Red blood cells lack nuclei in them. This provides more space for the cell to store hemoglobin.
What is the purpose of red blood cells?
Red blood cells are in charge of transporting oxygen from your lungs to your body's tissues. Your tissues use oxygen to produce energy and emit carbon dioxide as waste. Your red blood cells transport the carbon dioxide waste to your lungs, where you exhale it.
Due to the lack of a nucleus, hemoglobin also known as the oxygen-binding protein, allows the red blood cells to transport more oxygen. RBCs are also biconcave in shape, which increases the surface area available for oxygen diffusion across their surfaces.
Therefore, RBCs lack nuclei, which help transport more oxygen to the tissues.
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Ross has learned that he has parkinson’s disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for ross when he is unable to do so for himself.
According to the research, the correct answer is proxy. Ross and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care proxy who will be able to make medical decisions for ross when he is unable to do so for himself due he will lose some of his cognitive faculties.
What is a health care proxy?It is the person who has the right to make any decisions related to medical care, in the event that the person loses the ability to make their own medical decisions.
In this sense, these documents allow to write the specific guidelines for health care, especially in relation to wishes regarding treatments for patients with serious diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
Therefore, we can conclude that a health care proxy therefore represents the other person and is empowered to make medical decisions.
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What is solubility? How can you tell if something is soluble?
The round pea seed allele (R) is dominant, while the wrinkled pea seed allele (r) is
Recessive. A heterozygous, round-seed pea plant is crossed with a wrinkle-seeded pea
Plant. Use a punnett square to solve the following:
A) Determine the predicted genotype ratio of the offspring.
B) determine the predicted phenotype ratio of the offspring.
C) if this cross produced 50 plants, how many plants would you predict
would be wrinkle-seeded pea plants?
According to the cross between heterozygous, round-seed pea plant and a wrinkle-seeded pea plant:
A) the predicted genotype ratio of the offspring will be 1:1.
B) the predicted phenotype ratio of the offspring will be 1:1.
C) the number of plants that will be wrinkle-seeded will be 25.
Heterozygous refers to the condition where an individual possesses contrasting alleles for a gene. For example in the heterozygous, round-seed pea plant the genotype will be Rr.
Genotype refers to the complete genetic makeup of an individual. Each organism consists of various genes that may have same or contrasting pair of alleles. These alleles play important part in defining the genotype of a person.
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all the following are functions of the skeleton except . all the following are functions of the skeleton except . site of red blood cell formation production of melanin attachment for muscles storage of lipids
Answer:
Production of melanin
Explanation:
Melanin is a product of a chemical process that takes place in the skin and hair follicles so it is not produced by the skeleton.
each chromosome of a homologous pair is split during meiosis.
a. True
b. False
True, during meiosis, each chromosome of a homologous pair is split.
During meiosis, homologous chromosome pairs are randomly separated to form haploid cells, and this separation, or assortment, of homologous chromosomes is random. This means that the maternal chromosomes will not be combined in one cell, while the paternal chromosomes will be combined in another.
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Using the graph(s) in model 1 , determine the approximate average height of males and of females
Solving the sum of values in the data set number of items in the data set yields the mean of a set of values, often known as the average.
What is meant by Average?Taking the mean of the data yields the average of a set of data. Leveling the numbers until they are all the same yields the mean.Multiply the midpoint of each group by the total number of subjects in each group. The items from Step 2 are totaled. Subtract the total number of subjects from the total number of subjects. This is an approximate average.In layman's terms, an average is a single number chosen to represent a set of numbers, usually the sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers in the set.To learn more about Average refer to:
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Inward extensions of the sarcolemma that dive deeply into the muscle fiber and surround each myofibril are known as _____.
transverse tubules (T-tubules)
What best describes the role of light in the overall process of photosynthesis?
Answer:
converts energy from sunlight into glucose
Explanation:
Light provides the energy for assembling small molecules into sugars
when blood glucose levels rise above the normal range, the pancreas secretes ________, but when blood glucose levels fall below the normal range, the pancreas secretes ________.
When blood glucose levels rise above the normal range, the pancreas secretes insulin, but when blood glucose levels fall below the normal range, the pancreas secretes glucagon.
Glucagon is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels in conjunction with other hormones and physiological processes. It is an essential element that maintains the body's blood glucose levels since it originates from beta cells, which secrete insulin, and alpha cells, which are present in the pancreas.
Normally, after eating a meal, blood glucose levels rise. When blood sugar levels rise, insulin is released by pancreatic cells, which causes the body to take up glucose from the blood and return blood sugar levels to normal.
Glucagon prevents blood glucose levels from falling too low, whereas insulin prevents levels from increasing too high. The two hormones of pancreas work in opposition to one another to control blood sugar.
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acacia plants often have ants of the genus pseudomymex associated with them. removal of ant colonies from individuals of the bullhorn acacia species results in which change in the acacias?
Acacia plants often have ants of the genus pseudomymex associated with them. Removal of ant colonies from individuals of the bullhorn acacia species results in change in acacia is their growth is considerably stunted.
What is mutualism?
A type of contact known as mutualism occurs when neither the host nor the symbiont experience any negative consequences. This collaboration may last for a longer or a shorter period of time. The term "mutualist" refers to the other members of the mutualism, which include the host and the little partner.
For instance, honey from acacia trees is used by ants to stay alive. Ants are the mutualists in this situation, and acacia plants are the hosts.
Acacia plants often have ants of the genus pseudomymex associated with them. Removal of ant colonies from individuals of the bullhorn acacia species results in change in acacia is their growth is considerably stunted. The acacia trees produce specialized structure to shelter and feed the colony and the ants in turn defend the trees against the herbivores. The relation between acacia plants and ants that live on them are mutualistic.
Hence the correct answer is their growth is considerably stunted.
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What does this mean?
The sediment was being deposited in a new location. Option D.
Chemical weathering describes the process by which chemicals in rainwater change the minerals of rocks. Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater, making it slightly acidic. Weathering describes the deterioration or dissolution of surface rocks and minerals.
Water Ice Salt Plants Animals Changes in temperature are all factors in weathering. When rock is mined, rock fragments and minerals are carried away through a process called erosion. When flooding occurs streams erode Also the same amount of sediment builds up creating a new equilibrium. Plants and animals' air and water are the main causes of weathering.
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How does sexual reproduction contribute to genetic variation
Genetic diversity is developed during sexual reproduction because the sperm and eggs that are produced have different gene combinations than their parent organisms.
Offspring through sexual reproduction could have a very diverse genetic makeup. This variation results from gametes randomly joining together after fertilisation, independent assortment, and crossing-over during meiosis.
As alleles in gametes are randomly divided and reassembled after fertilisation, genetic variety results. During meiosis, when homologous chromosomes are crossed over or their gene portions are swapped, genetic recombination also takes place.
Animals with albinism, cheetahs with stripes, flying snakes, play-dead animals, and mimicking plants are a few examples of genetic variety in animals.
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How is voice timbre inherited?
Explanation:
How is voice timbre inherited
Is Your Vocal Ability And Range Influenced By Genetics? - Yona Marie Your vocal talent abilities may and may not be affected by genetics. On the one hand, your vocal tone, also known as timbre, can also be traced back to how your vocal cords and larynx muscles are shaped, with each person having a unique voice box that could be influenced by genetics.
How do enzymes affect a chemical reaction, making it easier to occur?
a. They make the reaction exothermic
b. They reduce the activation energy
c. They raise the activation energy
d. They make the reaction endothermic
Enzymes affect a chemical reaction, making it easier to occur by reducing the activation energy; option B
What are enzymes?Enzymes are biological molecules that alter the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the body.
Enzymes usually speed up the rate of reactions by making the reactions less energy-demanding, that is by lowering the activation energy of the biochemical reaction.
Enzymes are usually proteins, hence are affected by the conditions of temperature and pH.
Enzymes are also very specific in the substrate they act upon.
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During what phase of the development of a neural network are thousands of examples presented to the neural network to create an refine the internal hidden layers?.
The reflection phase of the development of a neural network is where thousands of examples are presented to the neural network to create an refine the internal hidden layers.
What is Setback?These are the events which delays the progress of something and in some cases, it reverses some strides or progress done by the individual. This can be encountered as a result of various types of factors and other parameters.
Reflection phase is where an individual thinks deeply about certain events and thousands of examples presented to the neural network to create an refine the internal hidden layers.
This phase helps in deciphering the next line of action which is beneficial for the individual and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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may you define erosion deposition and weathering
Erosion is the washing away of the of the top layer of sand or rocks due to wind and water. Deposition is the settling down of the sand, soil or other granules carried away to a place due to wind and water. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks due to several reasons.
Erosion is the phenomenon of soil particles from one place to another. It is the major cause for the unrooting of trees and their falling off. It affects the ability of the soil to hold water and nutrients.
Weathering is the dissolution of the large solid rocks into small particles like soil or sand. Depending upon the agent causing weathering, it can be of three types: physical, chemical and biological.
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If a chromosome contains a mutation such that it cannot bind to the kinetochore complex, what would be the consequence?.
If a chromosome contains a mutation such that it cannot bind to the kinetochore complex then mitotic spindle wouldn't be capable of binding to that chromosome.
Chromosome- The thread-like chromosomes that convey the genetic data from cells to cells are formed of protein as well as a single DNA molecule. Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of the cells in both plants and animals, including humans.
Mutation- Any alteration to a cell's DNA sequence. Mistakes in cell division can result in mutations, as can exposure to environmental DNA-damaging substances.
Kinetochore Complex- The development of attachments among microtubule polymers so each sister chromatid is essential for accurate chromosomal segregation. The macromolecular complex known as the kinetochore, which assembles at each chromosome's centromere during mitosis, acts as a bridge between both the DNA as well as the microtubules.
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