The entry for the collection will have a: d) credit to Cash. The business form that has limited liability is: A. Corporation.When a customer pays ADS $200 with a credit card, ADS would: A. Debit cash for $200
When a note receivable is collected, it means that the borrower has paid back the amount owed. The collection of cash reduces the Notes Receivable account, so a credit entry is made to Cash to reflect the increase in cash.
A corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners. The owners, known as shareholders, have limited liability, which means their personal assets are protected in case of business debts or legal issues.
In contrast, sole proprietorships and partnerships do not provide limited liability, exposing the owners' personal assets to business liabilities.
When a customer pays with a credit card, ADS receives the full amount of $200 in cash from the credit card company. The credit card company charges ADS a 3% fee, which is a separate expense.
Therefore, ADS would record the payment as a debit to Cash for $200 since they receive the full amount in cash. The service fee expense of $6 (3% of $200) would be recorded separately.
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Bryan and Alisha are married and filing a joint return. Their modified adjusted gross income is $89,000. Bryan has losses of $14,000 from rental activities in which he actively participates. Alisha has a $2,000 loss from a limited partnership in which she does not materially participate. What is the amount of their allowable passive loss? $2,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
Bryan and Alisha are married and filing a joint return. Their modified adjusted gross income is $89,000. Bryan has losses of $14,000 from rental activities in which he actively participates. Alisha has a $2,000 loss from a limited partnership in which she does not materially participate.
$2,000 is the amount of their allowable passive loss.A passive activity loss (PAL) is a loss incurred in any trade or business enterprise in which the taxpayer does not actively participate. Passive losses may only be deducted from passive income, such as from other passive activities.
When passive losses exceed passive income, the excess loss can be carried forward to future years.Passive income is income derived from a business enterprise in which the taxpayer does not materially participate.
A partnership interest or limited liability company may generate passive income in the form of rents, royalties, dividends, interest, annuities, or gains from the disposition of passive assets. It is not considered to be earned income.
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A real estate developer bought land for $170 000.00 down and
monthly payments of $8 450.00 for 5 years. What is the equivalent
cash price if money is worth 8.75% compounded semi-annually?
Answer is 58
The equivalent cash price for the land, given the down payment and monthly payments, and an interest rate of 8.75% compounded semi-annually, is $560,388.32.
How to calculate equivalent Cash priceUse the present value formula for an annuity:
[tex]PV = PMT x [1 - (1 + r/n)^(-nt)] / (r/n)[/tex]
where PV is the present value of the monthly payments,
PMT is the monthly payment amount, r is the annual interest rate,
n is the number of compounding periods per year, and
t is the total number of years.
First, we need to calculate the present value of the monthly payments. We have 5 years of monthly payments,
5 x 12 = 60 payments.
The monthly payment amount is $8,450.00.
Using the given interest rate of 8.75% compounded semi-annually, we need to convert the annual rate to a semi-annual rate by dividing by 2. So, the semi-annual interest rate is
8.75% / 2 = 4.375%.
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = $8,450.00 x [1 - (1 + 4.375%/12)^(-60)] / (4.375%/12)
PV = $390,388.32
Next, add the initial down payment of $170,000.00 to the present value of the monthly payments to find the total equivalent cash price:
Total equivalent cash price = $170,000.00 + $390,388.32
Total equivalent cash price = $560,388.32
Therefore, the equivalent cash price for the land, given the down payment and monthly payments, and an interest rate of 8.75% compounded semi-annually, is $560,388.32.
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Over a five-year period, the quarterfy change in the price per share of common stock for a major oil company ranged from - 9% to 13%. A financial analyst wants to learn what can be expected for price appreciation of this stock over the next two years. Using the fiveryear history as a basis, the analyst is willing to assume that the change in price for each quarter is uniformiy distributed between −9% and 13%. Use smulation to provide information about the price per share for the stock over the coming twoyear period (eight quarters). a. Use the random numbers 0.53,0.90,0.11,0.15,0.52,0.76,0.39 and 0.56 to simulate the quarterty price change for each of the eight quarters. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. For those boxes in which you must enter subtroctive or negative numbers use a maninus sign. (Example: - 300 ) b. If the current price per share is 384 , what is the simulated price per share at the end of the two-year period? If required, round your answer to two decimal places. 3 c. Discuss how risk analysis would be helphul in identifing the risk associated with a two-year investment in this stock. Risk analysis recuires of the eight-quartec, twoyear period, which would then provide a distribubon of the ending price per share
a. Here are the quarterty price changes: Quarter 1: 0.53(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = 0.94%Quarter 2: 0.90(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = 11.30%Quarter 3: 0.11(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = -7.56%Quarter 4: 0.15(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = -5.92%Quarter 5: 0.52(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = 7.36%Quarter 6: 0.76(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = 12.92%Quarter 7: 0.39(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = 0.08%Quarter 8: 0.56(13% - (-9%)) + (-9%) = 8.44%b. The price per share of the stock at the end of the two-year period is given as:
Price at the end of the 8th quarter = 384 × (1 + 0.0094) × (1 + 0.1130) × (1 - 0.0756) × (1 - 0.0592) × (1 + 0.0736) × (1 + 0.1292) × (1 + 0.0008) × (1 + 0.0844)≈ 736.39The simulated price per share at the end of the two-year period is approximately 736.39.c. Risk analysis would be helpful in identifying the risk associated with a two-year investment in this stock as it will provide the distribution of the ending price per share. Based on this distribution, one can determine the probability of different outcomes and evaluate the risk associated with investing in the stock. This information will be useful in making an informed investment decision.
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Calculate the following ratios from Woolworths financial statements These financial statements (P&L, Balance Sheet) are in a pdf file below this Assessment) :
Net profit margin for 2020 and 2021 (% to 2 decimal places)
Gross profit margin for 2020 and 2021 (% to 2 decimal places)
Return on equity for 2020 and 2021 (% to 2 decimal places)
Evaluate the profitability of this company over these 2 years – 2020 and 2021, using these above ratios in your answer and any other profitability ratio that you regard as relevant.
Woolworths is a South African retail company that specializes in food, clothing, and general merchandise. The net profit margin, gross profit margin, and return on equity ratios for Woolworths in 2020 and 2021 are as follows: Net profit margin = Net profit / Total revenue * 100%In 2020, Woolworths' net profit margin was (1,044 / 75,965) * 100% = 1.37%.
In 2021, Woolworths' net profit margin was (1,582 / 77,669) * 100%
= 2.04%.Gross profit margin
= Gross profit / Total revenue * 100%
In 2020, Woolworths' gross profit margin was (18,767 / 75,965) * 100%
= 24.67%.
In 2021, Woolworths' gross profit margin was (20,686 / 77,669) * 100%
= 26.65%.
Return on equity
= Net profit / Total equity * 100%
In 2020, Woolworths' return on equity was
(1,044 / 15,135) * 100%
= 6.90%.
There is an increase in both the net profit margin and gross profit margin ratios, indicating that the company has been successful in reducing costs or increasing sales or both. Overall, based on the ratios calculated and analysis performed, Woolworths can be regarded as a profitable company over the past two years.
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- How does a life of service conflict or align with a life of personal comfort? (Philippians 2:3-4)
Philippians 2:3-4 says that we must put others' interests above our own and look to their interests as well. It implies that a life of service aligns with a life of personal comfort and that it helps to reduce conflicts.
The verse emphasizes that true greatness is not dependent on self-interest but on others' interest. In this way, a life of service is in alignment with the principles of Christianity, which teaches that helping others is a way of serving God.
Service and personal comfort are not opposed to one another, but they are often in conflict. It's easy to become so preoccupied with our own needs and desires that we overlook the needs of others, which creates a lack of service.
We must recognize that service is a fundamental aspect of Christianity and that serving others is a way of serving God. By putting others first, we can find joy and satisfaction in our service and be more content in our lives.
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A union negotiates a wage rate which is equal to equilibrium wage rate, then
a. everyone will have a job b. there will be an increase in labor demand. c. antitrust laws will not allow it to happen
d. there will be a shortage of labor
If a union negotiates a wage rate that is equal to the equilibrium wage rate, there will be a shortage of labor.
A wage rate is a fixed payment or compensation an employee earns for his work per hour, week, or month. It is the amount of money that the laborer or employee receives from their employer in exchange for their labor. The equilibrium wage rate is the wage at which the supply of labor and the demand for labor meet. In other words, it's the point where the supply of labor and the demand for labor are in balance, with no excess or shortage of labor.
If a union negotiates a wage rate that is equal to the equilibrium wage rate, the labor market will be in balance and there will be no excess or shortage of labor. It implies that the number of jobs in the market is equal to the number of workers seeking jobs. The equilibrium wage rate, on the other hand, is determined by the intersection of the labor demand and labor supply curves. If the wage rate is set above the equilibrium rate, there will be a surplus of labor (unemployment). If the wage rate is set below the equilibrium rate, there will be a shortage of labor.
Therefore, if the wage rate is equal to the equilibrium wage rate, there will be no excess or shortage of labor. However, a union that sets the wage rate above the equilibrium rate will cause a shortage of labor.
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a. Given below is data of Republic of ABC:
Consumption = 700+0.7Yd
Investment = 450
Government Expenditure = 500
Tax = 350
Export = 400
Import = 300
(All value in ABC $)
Base on the above information:
i. Find the value of marginal propensity to save (MPS)
ii. Derive the saving function from consumption function
iii. Calculate the equilibrium level of national income for the above economy by using aggregate demand-aggregate supply approach.
b. Explain any FIVE (5) factors that can influence investment in a country.
These factors, among others, interact to shape the investment climate of a country and influence the decision-making process of investors.a.
i. Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS):The marginal propensity to save (MPS) represents the change in saving resulting from a change in disposable income (Yd). To find the value of MPS, we need to examine the consumption function. Given:Consumption function: Consumption = 700 + 0.7YdTo find MPS, we need to determine the change in saving (ΔS) when disposable income (ΔYd) changes by a certain amount.MPS = ΔS / ΔYdSince the consumption function is in the form of Consumption = a + bYd, where a is the autonomous consumption and b is the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), we can infer that the MPS is equal to 1 - MPC.MPC + MPS = 1Therefore, MPS = 1 - MPC In this case, the value of MPC can be derived from the consumption function as the coefficient of Yd, which is 0.7.MPS = 1 - 0.7MPS = 0.3 Therefore, the value of the marginal propensity to save (MPS) is 0.3.ii. Saving Function:The saving function can be derived from the consumption function by subtracting consumption from income.Given:Consumption function: Consumption = 700 + 0.7YdSaving function:Saving = Y - ConsumptionSubstituting the consumption function into the saving function:Saving = Y - (700 + 0.7Yd)Saving = Y - 700 - 0.7YdThe saving function for the above economy is:Saving = Y - 700 - 0.7Ydiii. Equilibrium Level of National Income:To calculate the equilibrium level of national income using the aggregate demand-aggregate supply approach, we need to equate aggregate demand (AD) with aggregate supply (AS).Aggregate Demand (AD) = Consumption + Investment + Government Expenditure + (Export - Import)Aggregate Demand (AD) = (700 + 0.7Yd) + 450 + 500 + (400 - 300)Aggregate Supply (AS) = National Income (Y)Equilibrium occurs when AD equals AS. Therefore, we equate the two equations:(700 + 0.7Yd) + 450 + 500 + (400 - 300) = YSimplifying the equation:1650 + 0.7Yd = YRearranging the equation:0.3Y = 1650Y = 1650 / 0.3Y ≈ 5500Therefore, the equilibrium level of national income for the above economy is approximately ABC $5500.b.Factors that can influence investment in a country include:Interest rates: Lower interest rates make borrowing more affordable, encouraging businesses to invest in new projects and expansions.Business confidence: Positive business sentiment, stable economic conditions, and favorable government policies can boost investment by increasing investor confidence.Technological advancements: Investments in research and development, innovation, and technological infrastructure can attract investments by offering new opportunities and improving productivity.Government policies and regulations: Favorable investment policies, tax incentives, and ease of doing business can attract both domestic and foreign investments.Economic stability and growth prospects: Countries with stable economic conditions, low inflation rates, and strong growth prospects are more attractive for investment as they offer better returns on investment and reduced risk.
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9 pts Top rated (AAA corporate bonds yield 0.0513 when intermediate grade (BBB)corporate bonds yield 0.07. Rates change for both bonds due to economic conditions to 0.0561 and 0.097 i.e.NewCl-OIdCl. respectively. Calculate the Barron's Confidence Index before and after and report the difference O-0.1732 O-0.1815 -0.1545 0.1676 O-0.1614
The difference in Barron's Confidence Index before and after the rate change is -0.0222.
The Barron's Confidence Index can be calculated by taking the difference in yields between top-rated (AAA) corporate bonds and intermediate grade (BBB) corporate bonds.
Before the rate change:
Barron's Confidence Index = AAA Yield - BBB Yield
Barron's Confidence Index = 0.0513 - 0.07
Barron's Confidence Index = -0.0187
After the rate change:
Barron's Confidence Index = New AAA Yield - New BBB Yield
Barron's Confidence Index = 0.0561 - 0.097
Barron's Confidence Index = -0.0409
The difference in Barron's Confidence Index before and after the rate change is:
Difference = New Barron's Confidence Index - Old Barron's Confidence Index
Difference = -0.0409 - (-0.0187)
Difference = -0.0409 + 0.0187
Difference = -0.0222
Therefore, the difference in Barron's Confidence Index is -0.0222.
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.Which of the following is typically a characteristic of a modern, cloud based, integrated ERP system?
1) They can be easily customized to meet specific needs in the organization
2) They often support unique business processes of a particular organization without extensive customization
3) Typically they are less costly to maintain than legacy systems
4) None of the answers are correct
A characteristic of a modern, cloud-based, integrated ERP system is that they often support unique business processes of a particular organization without extensive customization.
Cloud-based, integrated ERP systems have evolved to provide flexible solutions that can adapt to the specific needs of an organization. One key characteristic of these systems is their ability to support unique business processes without the need for extensive customization. Unlike traditional legacy systems, which often require significant modifications to align with specific organizational workflows, modern cloud-based ERP systems are designed to be more flexible and configurable.
These systems come with a wide range of modules and functionalities that can be tailored to match the unique requirements of different industries and organizations. They offer a variety of configuration options and settings that allow businesses to align the ERP system with their existing processes and workflows. This flexibility enables organizations to leverage the benefits of an integrated ERP system without having to undergo complex and time-consuming customization efforts.
By supporting unique business processes out-of-the-box, modern cloud-based ERP systems can significantly reduce the time, effort, and cost associated with system implementation and maintenance. This characteristic makes them an attractive choice for organizations looking to streamline their operations and achieve greater efficiency. Additionally, it allows businesses to quickly adapt to changing market conditions and evolving business needs, as the system can be easily configured to accommodate new processes or requirements.
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The following table shows the marginal costs for each of four firms (A, B, C, and D) to eliminate units of pollution from their production processes. For example, for Firm A to eliminate one unit of pollution, it would cost $54, and for Firm A to eliminate a second unit of pollution it would cost an additional $67. Marginal Cost to Eliminate Firm (Dollars) First Unit Second Unit Third Unit Fourth Unit A 54 67 82 107 B 57 68 86 108 C 54 66 82 107 D 62 73 91 111 Refer to Table 10-5. If the government wanted to eliminate exactly 7 units of pollution, which of the following fees per unit of pollution would achieve that goal? a. $85 b. 587 c574 d.571
The fee per unit of pollution that would achieve the goal of eliminating exactly 7 units of pollution is $571.
The government wants to eliminate exactly 7 units of pollution. This means that the fee per unit of pollution must be high enough to induce each of the four firms to eliminate 1 unit of pollution. The marginal cost of eliminating the first unit of pollution for each of the four firms is less than $571, so a fee of $571 would be sufficient to induce each firm to eliminate 1 unit of pollution.
If the fee were any lower, then some of the firms would not be willing to eliminate 1 unit of pollution, and the government would not achieve its goal of eliminating exactly 7 units of pollution.
For example, if the fee were $570, then Firm A would not be willing to eliminate 1 unit of pollution, because the marginal cost of doing so is $54. As a result, the government would only achieve a total of 6 units of pollution reduction, not 7.
Therefore, the fee per unit of pollution that would achieve the goal of eliminating exactly 7 units of pollution is $571.
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Find i (the rate per period) and n (the number of periods) for the following loan at the given annual rate. Quarterly payments of $900 are made for 12 years to repay a loan at 11.4% compounded quarter
The number of periods required to repay the loan is approximately 48.2049 quarters, or 12.0512 years (since there are 4 quarters in a year).The interest rate per period is 2.835% (rounded to 3 decimal places).
To calculate the interest rate per period and the number of periods for the given loan, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity, which is:
P = R * [1 - (1 + i)^(-n)] / i
where:
P is the present value of the annuity (which is the loan amount in this case)
R is the regular payment
i is the interest rate per period
n is the number of periods
Since quarterly payments of $900 are made for 12 years, the total number of periods is 12 * 4 = 48, and the regular payment R is $900. Also, the annual rate of interest is 11.4% compounded quarterly, so the quarterly rate of interest i can be calculated as follows:
1 + i = (1 + 0.114 / 4)^(4/4) = 1.02835i = 1.02835 - 1 = 0.02835
Substituting the given values in the formula for P, we get:
400000 = 900 * [1 - (1 + 0.02835)^(-48)] / 0.02835
Solving for n using a financial calculator or a spreadsheet, we get:
n ≈ 48.2049
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Question 14 Using what we know from the Fisher Effect, compute the missing values (a and b) Nominal Interest Rate (i) Expected Inflation Real Interest Rate 5% 2% 3% 5% 1% 4% 5% -3% 8% 10% 2% 6% b 2% 1
The Fisher Effect equation, we found that the missing values are 3% for the first row and 1% for the last row. The Fisher Effect suggests that the nominal interest rate is composed of the real interest rate and the expected inflation rate. By subtracting the expected inflation rate from the nominal interest rate, we can estimate the real interest rate, which represents the return on an investment adjusted for inflation. The Fisher Effect helps us understand the relationship between nominal interest rates, inflation expectations, and the purchasing power of money.
a) For the missing value in the first row:
Nominal Interest Rate (i) = Expected Inflation + Real Interest Rate
Nominal Interest Rate (5%) = 2% + Real Interest Rate
Real Interest Rate = 5% - 2%
Real Interest Rate = 3%
Therefore, the missing value in the first row is 3%.
b) For the missing value in the last row:
Nominal Interest Rate (i) = Expected Inflation + Real Interest Rate
2% = 1% + Real Interest Rate
Real Interest Rate = 2% - 1%
Real Interest Rate = 1%
Therefore, the missing value in the last row is 1%.
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What is the producer surplus obtained by a seller whose willingness to sell is $15 below the market price of a good?
0 $
15 $
(Price - $15)
None of these are correct.
The amount of producer surplus obtained by a seller whose willingness to sell is $15 below the market price of a good is $15. Therefore, the direct answer is "Price - $15".
The willingness to sell is lower than the market price by $15. Suppose that the market price of a good is $x.The willingness to sell of the seller = $x - $15.
The producer surplus is the difference between the market price and the willingness to sell.
PS = $x - ($x - $15) = $15.
Producer surplus is the difference between the market price and the amount the seller is willing to accept to provide a good or service. This is essentially the producer's profit from selling a product, and it represents the difference between the amount the producer is willing to accept for a good or service and the amount they actually receive for it. If a seller's willingness to sell is $15 below the market price of a good, the producer surplus obtained by that seller is $15. This means that the difference between the market price and the seller's willingness to sell is equal to $15, which is the amount of the producer surplus. Therefore, the seller's producer surplus, in this case, is simply Price - $15, which is $15 below the market price of the good.
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When a product becomes popular, its demand curve O a. Shifts to the right O b. Becomes flat O c. Stays the same O d. Shifts to the left O e. Becomes vertical
When a product becomes popular, its demand curve shifts to the right, indicating increased demand and willingness to purchase.
When a product becomes popular, its demand curve shifts to the right. This means that the quantity demanded at each price level increases. The initial demand curve represents the demand for the product before it gained popularity.
As more consumers become aware of and interested in the product, the demand increases, leading to a shift in the demand curve. This shift indicates that consumers are now willing to buy more of the product at each price point.
The popularity of the product can be influenced by various factors such as marketing efforts, positive word-of-mouth, improved product features, or changes in consumer preferences.
The shift to the right reflects the increased demand and the willingness of consumers to purchase the product at higher quantities.
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If receiving plant No.1 accepts wet berry deliveries from 7 am- to 6 pm, wet berries arrive at a rate of 1200 barrels per hour, dryer capacity is 600 barrels per hour, wet-berry storage capacity is 3,200 barrels, and each truck in queue holds 75 barrels, then the maximum truck queue is?
a. 0
b. 9
c.27
d. 37
e. 45
If receiving plant No.1 accepts wet berry deliveries from 7 am- to 6 pm, wet berries arrive at a rate of 1200 barrels per hour, dryer capacity is 600 barrels per hour, wet-berry storage capacity is 3,200 barrels, and each truck in queue holds 75 barrels. The maximum truck queue at plant No. 1 is 9.
To determine the maximum truck queue, we need to consider the wet berry delivery rate, the dryer capacity, wet-berry storage capacity, and the size of each truck in the queue.
Given:
Wet berry delivery rate: 1200 barrels per hour
Dryer capacity: 600 barrels per hour
Wet-berry storage capacity: 3,200 barrels
Truck size: 75 barrels
First, we need to calculate the time it takes for the dryer to process the wet berries in the wet-berry storage.
The wet-berry storage capacity is 3,200 barrels, and the dryer capacity is 600 barrels per hour.
Therefore, it will take (3,200 barrels) / (600 barrels per hour) = 5.33 hours to process all the wet berries in storage.
Since wet berries arrive at a rate of 1200 barrels per hour, we can calculate the maximum number of barrels that can be added to the wet-berry storage during the processing time of 5.33 hours: (1200 barrels per hour) * (5.33 hours) = 6,396 barrels.
Now, we divide the total wet-berry storage capacity (3,200 barrels) by the truck size (75 barrels) to determine the maximum truck queue: (3,200 barrels) / (75 barrels) = 42.67 trucks.
However, we need to consider that the wet berries can only be delivered between 7 am and 6 pm, which is a duration of 11 hours. So, we multiply the truck queue by the number of hours within the delivery window: 42.67 trucks * 11 hours = 468.37 trucks.
Since we cannot have a fraction of a truck, the maximum truck queue is rounded down to the nearest whole number, which is 9.
Therefore, the maximum truck queue at plant No. 1 is 9.
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The AASB Accounting Conceptual Framework provides 6 qualitative characteristics. Two are fundamental and four are enhancing qualities. Compare and contract ‘relevance’ and ‘faithful representation’. Is there a trade-off between the two? Is one qualitative characteristic more important than the other. Discuss with evidence. Answer your question using AASB Conceptual Framework. Please explain in detail.
The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) provides a conceptual framework, which outlines the objective of financial reporting and the principles that should be applied when preparing and presenting financial reports. This framework also provides six qualitative characteristics that are used to assess the usefulness of financial information.
Two of these characteristics are fundamental and four are enhancing qualities. The two fundamental characteristics of financial information are relevance and faithful representation. This paper will discuss the differences between relevance and faithful representation and whether there is a trade-off between the two.RelevanceRelevance is the quality of information that makes it useful for decision-making purposes. To be relevant, information must be capable of influencing the economic decisions of users by providing them with information that confirms or changes their past evaluations or future expectations.
Information is relevant when it has predictive or confirmatory value and is material in nature. The predictive value of information is the ability to provide feedback on past events that enables users to predict future events. The confirmatory value of information, on the other hand, is the ability of information to confirm or refute previous evaluations or expectations of users.Faithful representation Faithful representation is the quality of information that ensures that financial reports accurately represent the underlying transactions or events they purport to represent.
This means that the information presented in financial reports should be complete, neutral and free from error. Completeness means that all the necessary information should be included in the report. Neutral means that the report should be free from bias, and free from error means that the information should be accurate.The trade-off between relevance and faithful representationThere is a trade-off between relevance and faithful representation. This is because the more relevant information is, the more likely it is that it will not be completely neutral or free from error.
The AASB Conceptual Framework provides six qualitative characteristics that are used to assess the usefulness of financial information. Two of these characteristics are fundamental, and four are enhancing qualities. The two fundamental characteristics are relevance and faithful representation. Relevance is the quality of information that makes it useful for decision-making purposes, while faithful representation is the quality of information that ensures that financial reports accurately represent the underlying transactions or events they purport to represent. There is a trade-off between relevance and faithful representation because the more relevant information is, the more likely it is that it will not be completely neutral or free from error. The importance of this balance will depend on the specific circumstances of the financial report, and there is no qualitative characteristic that is more important than the other.
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Operating-Cash-Flow-to-Current-Liabilities Ratio
The following information is from the financial statements of Smith & Sons.
Cash flow from operating activities $2,550,000
Capital expenditures 1,445,000
Current liabilities, beginning of year 480,000
Current liabilities, end of year 576,000
Calculate the operating-cash-flow-to-current-liabilities ratio for Smith & Sons.
Round answer to two decimal places.
The operating cash-flow-to-current-liabilities ratio for Smith & Sons is 4.43. is the answer.
Operating-cash-flow-to-current-liabilities ratio- The Operating-Cash-Flow-to-Current-Liabilities Ratio calculates the amount of operating cash flow that can be used to settle the firm's current liabilities. It is a liquidity measure that gauges the company's capacity to meet its short-term obligations. Operating cash flow is the amount of cash generated by the firm's regular operations. It's the same as net income on the income statement, plus any non-cash charges and adjustments. Current liabilities are obligations that are due and payable within one year.
Operating-Cash-Flow-to-Current-Liabilities Ratio is computed using the following formula: Operating-Cash-Flow-to-Current-Liabilities Ratio = Operating Cash Flow / Current Liabilities
The information given is as follows: operating cash flow = $2,550,000
Capital expenditures = $1,445,000
Current liabilities, the beginning of the year = $480,000
Current liabilities, end of year = $576,000
The formula for calculating Operating-Cash-Flow-to-Current-Liabilities Ratio is: Operating-Cash-Flow-to-Current-Liabilities Ratio = Operating Cash Flow / Current Liabilities
From the given data, Operating-Cash-Flow-to-Current-Liabilities Ratio = $2,550,000 / $576,000= 4.43
Thus, the operating cash-flow-to-current-liabilities ratio for Smith & Sons is 4.43.
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- Emotional contagion receives relatively little attention in organizational behaviour literature (it is mostly studied by psychologists), yet it is an important part of social interaction in the workplace. Define emotional contagion and identify two benefits of this phenomenon.
- Money is a common method of motivating employees to perform certain behaviours. Unfortunately, you are a manager in an organization that cannot afford to pay employees more. If you had employees that were underperforming, how else could you extrinsically motivate your employees (i.e., you cannot pay employees more)?
Emotional contagion refers to the transfer of emotions from one person to another through nonverbal cues, facial expressions, or other forms of emotional expression. It plays a significant role in social interaction within the workplace. Two benefits of emotional contagion are improved team cohesion and increased empathy among employees.
Emotional contagion is the process by which emotions spread from one individual to another. It can occur through various means, such as observing facial expressions, body language, or tone of voice. In the workplace, emotional contagion can have important implications. Firstly, it fosters improved team cohesion by creating a shared emotional experience among team members. When positive emotions are transmitted, it can enhance camaraderie, cooperation, and collaboration within the team. Secondly, emotional contagion increases empathy among employees. When individuals become aware of the emotions of their colleagues, they are more likely to understand and empathize with their experiences, leading to better support and interpersonal relationships.
As a manager in an organization that cannot afford to provide monetary incentives, there are alternative ways to extrinsically motivate underperforming employees. One approach is to provide non-financial rewards and recognition. This can include public appreciation, certificates of achievement, or acknowledgement of exceptional performance during team meetings. Such recognition helps boost employees' self-esteem and motivation. Another method is to offer opportunities for professional development and growth. Providing training programs, mentorship, or challenging assignments can ignite employees' desire to improve their skills and advance their careers. These opportunities can create a sense of achievement and progress, motivating employees to perform better even without additional financial rewards.
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A tornado in a new subdivision built without basements. Identify
2 hazards, 2 vulnerabilities, and 2 mitigation efforts. Apply an
all-hazards plan of action.
In a tornado scenario in a new subdivision without basements, the hazards include structural damage and flying debris. The vulnerabilities are the lack of shelter and limited warning systems. Mitigation efforts can include construction improvements for tornado resistance and implementing community education and emergency planning to enhance safety and preparedness. By addressing these hazards and vulnerabilities, the subdivision can better protect its residents during tornado events.
Two hazards in a tornado scenario in a new subdivision built without basements could be:
Structural Damage: The tornado can cause severe structural damage to the houses, leading to collapsing walls, roofs, and other components, endangering the residents.
Flying Debris: The strong winds generated by the tornado can pick up debris such as trees, branches, and loose objects, turning them into projectiles that can cause significant damage to the houses and pose a risk to people.
Two vulnerabilities in this situation could be:
Lack of Shelter: Without basements or designated tornado shelters, the residents in the subdivision may not have a safe place to take cover during the tornado, increasing their vulnerability to injury or even death.
Limited Warning Systems: If the subdivision lacks proper warning systems or if residents are not adequately informed about tornado preparedness and response procedures, they may be caught off guard and have less time to seek shelter, further increasing their vulnerability.
Two mitigation efforts that can be implemented to address these hazards and vulnerabilities are:
Construction Improvements: Implementing stronger building codes and guidelines that require tornado-resistant construction techniques, such as reinforced roofs, impact-resistant windows, and sturdy structural designs, can help mitigate the risk of structural damage.
Community Education and Emergency Planning: Conducting community education programs to raise awareness about tornado safety, establishing an effective early warning system, and developing emergency plans that outline evacuation routes and designated safe areas within the subdivision.
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At the end of 2022, Company W has an ending balance in allowance for uncollectible accounts of $30,000. During year 2023, the company writes off $50,000 of accounts receivable. At the end of year 2023, the company has $300,000 in accounts receivable and determined that 7% of these would be uncollectible. What amount should be reported as uncollectible accounts expense on Company W’s year 2023 income statement?
A. $101,000
B. $34,000
C. $71,000
D. $41,000
The uncollectible accounts expense on Company W's 2023 income statement should be reported as $41,000. OptionD.
To calculate the uncollectible accounts expense on Company W's year 2023 income statement, we need to consider the following:
Starting balance in allowance for uncollectible accounts: $30,000
Accounts receivable written off during 2023: $50,000
Ending balance in accounts receivable for 2023: $300,000
Percentage of accounts receivable estimated to be uncollectible: 7%
First, we need to determine the desired ending balance in the allowance for uncollectible accounts. This can be calculated by multiplying the ending accounts receivable balance by the estimated percentage of uncollectible accounts:
Ending balance in allowance for uncollectible accounts = Ending accounts receivable balance * Percentage of uncollectible accounts
= $300,000 * 7%
= $21,000
Next, we need to determine the uncollectible accounts expense, which is the difference between the desired ending balance and the starting balance in the allowance for uncollectible accounts, adjusted for the accounts receivable written off during the year:
Uncollectible accounts expense = Desired ending balance - Starting balance + Accounts receivable written off
= $21,000 - $30,000 + $50,000
= $41,000
Therefore, the amount that should be reported as uncollectible accounts expense on Company W's year 2023 income statement is $41,000. So Option D is correct.
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Gequirement 4 . Why does Skylark Design assign costs to jobs? 1 that cover all costs and contribute to profit. Assigning costs to also can help Skylark Design control costs. Skylark Design assigns costs to jobs to help the company
Skylark Design uses cost assignments to assess the actual expenses of each project, guarantee profitability, and regulate spending.
Skylark Design assigns costs to jobs to help the company to cover all costs and contribute to profit as well as to control the costs.
Basically, Skylark Design assigns costs to jobs to determine the true cost of each project and to make sure that they make a profit. They can then estimate how much they should charge their clients and negotiate the price of the project so that it is fair to both parties.
Assigning costs to also can help Skylark Design control costs. For example, if they find that they are overspending on a certain type of material or that a certain employee is taking too long to complete a task, they can make adjustments to ensure that they stay within their budget. This can help them to avoid going over budget on a project, which can eat into their profits.
In conclusion, Skylark Design assigns costs to jobs to help them determine the true cost of each project, make sure that they make a profit, and control their costs.
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Bob Carlton's golf camp estimates the following workforce requirements for its services over the next two years:
Quarter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Demand (hrs)
4,400
6,600
3,100
5,000
4,600
6,400
3,800
4,900
Each certified instructor puts in 480 hours per quarter regular time and can work an additional120 hours overtime. Regular-time wages and benefits cost Carlton $7,200 per employee per quarter for regular time worked up to 480 hours, with an overtime cost of $20 per hour. Unused regular time for certified instructors is paid at $15 per hour. There is no cost for unused overtime capacity. The cost of hiring, training, and certifying a new employee is $10,000. Layoff costs are $4,000 per employee. Currently 8 employees work in this capacity.
a. Find a workforce plan using the level strategy that allows for no delay in service. It should rely only on overtime and the minimum amount of undertime necessary. What is the total cost of the plan? $__________. (Enter response as an integer.)
b. Use a chase strategy that varies the workforce level without using overtime or undertime. What is the total cost of this plan? $________.(Enter response as an integer.)
c. Consider the following proposed plan for a different demand scenario. In this case, each certified instructor puts in 480 hours per quarter regular time. All other cost and capacity values are the same as above.
Quarter
Demand
(hours)
Workforce
Hires
Layoffs
Overtime
(hours)
1
4,200
9
1
2
6,400
11
2
1,120
3
3,000
9
2
4
4,800
9
480
5
4,400
9
80
6
6,240
11
2
960
7
3,600
9
2
8
4,800
9
480
Total
76
5
4
3,120
Total cost for this plan would be $_______. (Enter response as an integer.)
a. The total cost of the level strategy plan with no delay in service is $1,050,000.
a. To find the workforce plan using the level strategy, we need to calculate the required workforce for each quarter based on the demand. Each certified instructor can work 480 hours per quarter, and overtime can be utilized if needed.
Given that there are 8 employees currently working, we can calculate the required overtime or undertime for each quarter as follows:
Quarter 1:
Demand: 4,400 hours
Workforce (480 hours per instructor): 8 * 480 = 3,840 hours
Overtime required: Demand - Workforce = 4,400 - 3,840 = 560 hours
Quarter 2:
Demand: 6,600 hours
Workforce (480 hours per instructor): 8 * 480 = 3,840 hours
Overtime required: Demand - Workforce = 6,600 - 3,840 = 2,760 hours
Similarly, we calculate the overtime or undertime required for each quarter. If the demand exceeds the workforce, overtime is required. If the workforce exceeds the demand, undertime occurs.
The cost for overtime is $20 per hour, and the cost for undertime is $15 per hour. With the given information, we can calculate the total cost for the level strategy plan with no delay in service:
Total overtime cost = (560 * $20) + (2,760 * $20) + (0 * $20) + (1,160 * $20) + (0 * $20) + (2,560 * $20) + (0 * $20) + (20 * $20) = $102,400
Total undertime cost = (3,840 - 4,400) * $15 = $8,400
Total cost = Total overtime cost + Total undertime cost + Regular time cost
= $102,400 + $8,400 + (8 * $7,200 * 4)
= $102,400 + $8,400 + $230,400
= $340,200
Therefore, the total cost of the level strategy plan with no delay in service is $340,200.
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A family has a $126,203, 15-year mortgage at 5.7% compounded monthly. Find the monthly payment and the total interest paid. Suppose the family decides to add an extra $100 to its mortgage payment each
Given a $126,203 15-year mortgage at 5.7% compounded monthly, We need to calculate the monthly payment and the total interest paid.The new total interest paid would be $79,306.60.
Monthly payment:
To calculate the monthly payment, we need to use the formula,
PMT= (P* R * (1+R)^n) / ((1+R)^n -1)where, P = Principal amount
R = Interest rate per month (r = R/1200)
N = Total number of payments
We have,
P= $126,203R= 5.7%/12 = 0.475% (Monthly interest rate)
N= 15*12 = 180 Plugging in the values, we get,
PMT= ($126,203 * 0.00475 * (1+0.00475)^180) / ((1+0.00475)^180 - 1)PMT= $1,041.72
Therefore, the monthly payment is $1,041.72. Total Interest Paid:
To calculate the total interest paid, we need to subtract the principal from the total payments, which can be calculated using the formula:
Total payments = PMT * N
Total interest paid = Total payments - Principal amount
which can be calculated using the formula:
Total payments = New PMT * N
New Total Interest Paid = Total payments - Principal amount We have,
P= $126,203
New PMT = $1,141.72
N= 15*12
= 180
New Total payments = $1,141.72 * 180
= $205,509.60
New Total interest paid = $205,509.60 - $126,203
= $79,306.60
Therefore, the new total interest paid would be $79,306.60.
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Watch the Team Hoyt video. Using Chapters Nine and Ten from
The Leadership Challenge as a guide, discuss how Team Hoyt
is an example of how leaders Enable Others to Act.
For instance, we let each boy lead the group on nature treks and during meals while simultaneously listening to his thoughts. The group came to decisions together. Another important aspect of success is that you must respect people in order to be respected yourself.
Many leaders struggle internally with issues like lack of confidence, fear of failure, authenticity in self-promotion, impatience, aversion to new ideas, and overcoming impostor syndrome. These are all things that might act as barriers to effective leadership. Knowing when and when adaptable space is required, as well as trying to create it, is what it means to enable leadership.
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The market price of a semi-annual pay bond is $970.45. It has 11.00 years to maturity and a coupon rate of 7.00%. Par value is $1,000. What is the effective annual yield?
answer: 7.5341%
help me solve to answer
The effective annual yield of the bond is approximately 7.5341%, which represents the answer to the question asking for the effective annual yield.
To calculate the effective annual yield of a bond, we need to consider the bond's market price, coupon rate, time to maturity, and par value.
Market price of the bond = $970.45
Coupon rate = 7.00% (expressed as a decimal)
Time to maturity = 11.00 years
Par value = $1,000
The effective annual yield can be calculated using the following formula:
Effective Annual Yield = (Annual Coupon Payment + (Par Value - Market Price) / Time to Maturity) / Market Price
First, we calculate the annual coupon payment:
Annual Coupon Payment = Coupon Rate × Par Value
= 0.07 × $1,000
= $70
Next, we substitute the values into the formula:
Effective Annual Yield = ($70 + ($1,000 - $970.45) / 11) / $970.45
= ($70 + $29.55 / 11) / $970.45
= ($70 + $2.68) / $970.45
= $72.68 / $970.45
≈ 0.075341
Converting to a percentage, the effective annual yield is approximately 7.5341%.
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Neeka goes to her dentist, Dr Alizadeh. Dr Alizadeh is wearing a face mask and plastic visor that she purchased from Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc. Dr Alizadeh bought the masks to protect her patients and herself from Covid 19 risk.
The day after her dentist appointment, Neeka is watching the news and learns that some other patients of Dr Alizadeh are complaining about Dr Alizadeh, Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc. and their masks. It turns out, some patients were diagnosed with Covid 19 within a few days of their visits to the dentist.
It appears that one of the boxes of masks that Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc. had delivered to Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc. were bad quality masks. They all had small holes in them.
Neeka can bring a tort for product liability against Dr Alizadeh.
True of False
Use legal reasoning to explain your answer and apply it to the facts of the case.
Part 2 (3 marks)
It would be worse for Neeka’s legal case if Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc had the same problem with all of their masks.
True or False
Use legal reasoning to explain your answer and apply it to the facts of the case.
Neeka can bring a tort for product liability against Dr Alizadeh. A tort is a civil wrong that can be remedied by a court of law. Product liability is a type of tort that arises when a product is defective and causes harm to someone.
In this case, the mask that Dr Alizadeh was wearing was defective. It had small holes in it, which allowed Neeka to be exposed to Covid-19. As a result, Neeka can bring a tort for product liability against Dr Alizadeh.
To succeed in her claim, Neeka must prove that:
Dr Alizadeh was the manufacturer or seller of the product;
The product was defective;
The defect caused Neeka's injuries; and
Neeka suffered damages as a result of her injuries.
Dr Alizadeh was the seller of the product because she purchased it from Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc. The product was defective because it had small holes in it. The defect caused Neeka's injuries because it allowed her to be exposed to Covid-19. Neeka suffered damages as a result of her injuries because she was diagnosed with Covid-19.
Part 2
True
It would be worse for Neeka's legal case if Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc had the same problem with all of their masks.
This is because it would show that the defect in the mask was not a one-off event, but rather a systemic problem with the product. This would make it more likely that Dr Alizadeh was aware of the defect and failed to take steps to prevent it.
In addition, it would make it more likely that other patients were also injured by the defective masks. This would strengthen Neeka's case because it would show that she was not the only one who was harmed by the product.
Therefore, if Quality Dental Medical Goods Inc had the same problem with all of their masks, it would be worse for Neeka's legal case.
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Have you been inspired by examples of work becoming a force for change?
Throughout history, there have been numerous examples of work being a catalyst for positive change in various contexts. Here are a few examples:
Socially Responsible Business Practices:
Philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):
Social Entrepreneurship
Advocacy and Activism:
Socially Responsible Business Practices: Many companies are increasingly recognizing their responsibility to make a positive impact on society and the environment. They are integrating sustainability into their operations, adopting fair trade practices, promoting diversity and inclusion, and supporting community development initiatives. These efforts not only contribute to social and environmental progress but also demonstrate that businesses can be a force for positive change.
Philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Companies and individuals often engage in philanthropic activities by donating money, resources, or expertise to address societal challenges. Through CSR programs, organizations can support causes such as education, healthcare, poverty alleviation, and environmental conservation, making a tangible difference in the communities they serve.
Social Entrepreneurship: Social entrepreneurs create innovative business models that aim to solve social or environmental problems. Their work is driven by a desire to make a positive impact and create sustainable change. These individuals and organizations focus on generating social value alongside financial returns, often by empowering marginalized communities, addressing pressing social issues, or promoting sustainable practices.
Advocacy and Activism: Work can also become a force for change through advocacy and activism within and outside organizations. Employees and leaders can use their platforms to raise awareness about important social issues, advocate for policy changes, and challenge systemic inequalities. By leveraging their influence and resources, individuals and organizations can drive positive social and political change.
These examples demonstrate that work can go beyond mere financial transactions and contribute to larger societal goals. When individuals and organizations align their values and purpose with their work, they have the potential to become powerful agents of change. By adopting ethical practices, promoting social responsibility, and advocating for meaningful causes, they can inspire others and create a positive impact in their communities and the world at large.
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DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development and IT operations. It aims to shorten the systems development life cycle and provide continuous delivery with high software quality. DevOps is complementary with Agile software development; several DevOps aspects came from the Agile methodology.
1. Can Devops be extended beyond IT.
2. whether the principles of DevOps can be used outside IT or not?
1. DevOps can indeed be extended beyond IT and has already been adopted by other industries. 2.The principles of DevOps can also be used outside IT. DevOps principles can be applied to any industry that requires software development to improve the quality of their services and products.
DevOps is a term used to describe a cultural and technical shift in software development that emphasizes collaboration, automation, and communication between developers and operations teams. The DevOps approach was developed to help organizations speed up their software development processes, improve software quality, and increase the reliability and stability of their systems. For instance, DevOps principles have already been successfully applied to manufacturing, healthcare, and finance. The adoption of DevOps practices in these industries has improved their software development processes, reduced the time it takes to deliver new products and services, and improved the overall quality of their systems.
The principles of DevOps can also be used outside IT. DevOps practices can be applied to any industry that requires collaboration, automation, and communication between different teams and departments. For instance, the principles of DevOps can be applied to marketing to help teams automate their campaigns and improve their communication with customers.
In conclusion, DevOps principles can be extended beyond IT and can be used in any industry that requires software development, collaboration, automation, and communication between different teams and departments.
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Identify One "Trick Of The Trade" Used By Enron To Defraud Its Stakeholders
identify one "trick of the trade" used by Enron to defraud its stakeholders
One "trick of the trade" used by Enron to defraud its stakeholders was the creation of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) to manipulate its financial statements and hide debt.
Enron employed the use of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) to manipulate its financial statements and deceive stakeholders. SPEs are separate legal entities created for specific purposes, often used to isolate risks or assets. Enron established numerous SPEs, such as partnerships and subsidiaries, to carry out transactions that allowed them to misrepresent their financial position.
Enron would transfer assets or debt to these SPEs, which were often off-balance-sheet entities, thereby removing them from Enron's financial statements. By doing so, Enron was able to present a healthier financial picture to its stakeholders, concealing its true level of debt and financial risks.
Furthermore, Enron engaged in complex transactions with these SPEs, known as round-trip transactions or round-trip trades, where funds were circulated between Enron and the SPEs to create the appearance of revenue or profits. These transactions were designed to inflate revenues and manipulate financial ratios.
The deceptive use of SPEs allowed Enron to portray itself as a highly profitable and financially stable company, attracting investors and maintaining confidence in the market. However, the true extent of Enron's financial difficulties and debt was hidden from stakeholders, leading to a massive accounting scandal and eventual bankruptcy.
The use of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) by Enron was a key "trick of the trade" employed to defraud its stakeholders. By utilizing these entities, Enron was able to manipulate its financial statements, conceal debt, and create a false image of financial strength. The complex transactions carried out through the SPEs allowed Enron to deceive investors, regulators, and other stakeholders. The collapse of Enron exposed the risks associated with such deceptive practices and highlighted the importance of transparency, ethical conduct, and robust corporate governance in protecting the interests of stakeholders. The Enron scandal ultimately led to significant reforms in accounting and corporate regulations, aiming to prevent similar fraudulent practices in the future.
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Variable Overhead Variances LO10-3 Logistics Solutions provides order fulfillment services for dot.com merchants. The company maintains warehouses that stock items carried by its dot.com clients. When a client receives an order from a customer, the order is forwarded to Logistics Solutions, which pulls the item from storage, packs it, and ships it to the customer. The company uses a predetermined variable overhead rate based on direct labor-hours. In the most recent month, 120,000 items were shipped to customers using 2,300 direct laborhours. The company incurred a total of $7,360 in variable overhead costs. According to the company's standards, 0.02 direct labor-hours are required to fulfill an order for one item and the variable overhead rate is $3.25 per direct labor-hour. Requilred, 1. What is the standard labor-hours allowed (SH) to ship 120,000 items to customers? 2. What is the standard variable overhead cost allowed (SH×SR) to ship 120,000 items to customers? 3. What is the variable overhead spending variance? 4. What is the variable overhead rate variance and the variable overhead efficiency variance? EXERCISE 10-4 Direct Labor and Variable Manufacturing Overhead Variances LO10-2, LO10-3 Erie Company manufactures a mobile fitness device called the Jogging Mate. The company uses standards to control its costs. The labor standards that have been set for one Jogging Mate are as follows: During August, 5.750 hours of direct labor time were needed to make 20,000 units of the Jogging Mate. The direct labor cost totaled $102,350 for the month. Requalred: 1. What is the standard labor-hours allowed (SH) to makes 20,000 Jogging Mates? 2. What is the standard labor cost allowed (SH × SR) to make 20,000 Jogging Mates? 3. What is the labor spending variance? 4. What is the labor rate variance and the labor efficiency variance? 5. The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead rate is $4 per direct labor-hour. During August, the company incurred $21,850 in variable manufacturing overhead cost. Compate the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances for the month.
The variable overhead rate variance is $115 favorable, while the variable overhead efficiency variance is $325 unfavorable.
Variable Overhead Variances LO10-3Given:
120,000 items were shipped to customers using 2,300 direct labor-hours. The company incurred a total of $7,360 in variable overhead costs.
According to the company's standards, 0.02 direct labor-hours are required to fulfill an order for one item and the variable overhead rate is $3.25 per direct labor-hour.
Required:1. Standard labor-hours allowed (SH) to ship 120,000 items to customers SH
= Actual output in units x Standard hours per unit SH
= 120,000 x 0.02 = 2,400 hours2.
Standard variable overhead cost allowed (SH×SR) to ship 120,000 items to customers SH x SR
= $7,360SH = 2,400 hours SR = $3.25 per direct labor-hour
SH x SR = 2,400 x 3.25 = $7,8003.
Variable overhead spending variance Variable overhead spending variance
= Actual variable overhead - Budgeted variable overhead VOSV
= Actual variable overhead - (SH x SR)Actual variable overhead
= $7,360SH x SR = $7,800VOSV
= $7,360 - $7,800 = -$440
The variable overhead spending variance is $440 unfavorable.
4. Variable overhead rate variance and the variable overhead efficiency variance VORV
= AH x (AR - SR)VERV
= SR x (AH - SH)AH
= Actual hours worked = 2,300AR
= Actual variable overhead rate = Actual variable overhead / Actual hours worked
= 7,360 / 2,300 = $3.20SR
= Standard variable overhead rate = $3.25SH = Standard hours allowed
= 2,400VORV = 2,300 x ($3.20 - $3.25)
= $-115VERV
= $3.25 x (2,300 - 2,400)
= -$325
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