Pollution is one of the major concerns in the world today, and its effect on society is vast. One approach to dealing with pollution is through imposing a tax on pollutants. Let us look at an example of how an emissions tax works.
A polluter's marginal abatement cost function is represented by the following equation: MAC = 100 - 2E. It implies that the marginal cost of abating pollution, represented by E, is equal to $50.The social cost to comply with the tax will be $50. This is because the polluter will now have to pay an additional $10 for each unit of pollution that it emits. The additional cost of $10 is added to the marginal cost of abating pollution, which is $50, to arrive at a total cost of $60.The polluter would, therefore, reduce pollution to a level where the marginal abatement cost (MAC) is equal to the emissions tax ($10). Hence, the polluter would reduce the pollution level from 25 units to 20 units, which is the point where the MAC and emissions tax are equal, i.e., $10.
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J Corp. reported the following: Units: 641 Sales $3386 Variable Costs $471 Fixed Costs $162 Compute the safety of margin in dollars ONLY round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. 3,197.83 1 points If a company's sales are $35771, variable expenses are $2111, and the fixed expenses total $2442 per period, by what dollar amount will net operating income change if sales are expected to increase by $11217 Round ONLY your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. State your answer as negative for decreases Question 11 J Corp. reported the following: Units: 538 Sales $4242 Variable Costs $383 Fixed Costs $303 Compute the dollar sales required to earn a target profit of 1 ONLY round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. 3 Corp. reported the following: Units: 378 Sales $4062 Variable Costs $508 Fixed Costs $573 If the company reduces its selling price by $7 per unit to generate more sales AND increase advertising by 90 AND expects the number of units sold to increase by 714 units, what would be the impact to net income? Round ONLY your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. Note decreases as a negative number
1. Safety Margin: The safety margin in dollars is $3,197.83.
2. Net Operating Income Change: The net operating income will increase by $4,234 if sales increase by $11,217.
3. Dollar Sales for Target Profit: The company would need to achieve sales of $5,242 to earn a target profit of $1.
4. Impact on Net Income: If the selling price decreases by $7 per unit, advertising increases by $90, and units sold increase by 714, the net income would decrease by $2,449.26.
1. Safety Margin: The safety margin is calculated by subtracting the total variable and fixed costs from the sales. In this case, the safety margin is $3,197.83 ($3,386 - $471 - $162).
2. Net Operating Income Change: To determine the change in net operating income, we subtract the current sales, variable expenses, and fixed expenses from the expected sales. In this case, the net operating income would increase by $4,234 ($11,217 - $2,111 - $2,442).
3. Dollar Sales for Target Profit: To calculate the dollar sales required to earn a target profit, we add the target profit to the variable and fixed costs, and divide the sum by the contribution margin ratio. In this case, the dollar sales required would be $5,242.
4. Impact on Net Income: To determine the impact on net income, we calculate the change in contribution margin by multiplying the decrease in selling price by the increase in units sold. We then subtract the increase in advertising from the change in contribution margin. In this case, the net income would decrease by $2,449.26.
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Home produces Cloth (C) and Food (F) using two factors of production: Labour (L) and Land (T). Land is used intensively in the production of Cloth and Labour is used intensively in the production of Food. The endowment of Labour at Home is L = 4000 and the endowment of Land at Home is T = 2000. Explain whether Lc = Tc is possible in an autarky equilibrium for the Home country (Peaut). (Drawing a box that shows the resource endowments may be helpful.) 2. What is intra-industry trade? In a world with two countries (Home and Foreign) and an industry (A) with differentiated products, explain whether Paut + P*aut is necessary for countries to benefit from voluntary trade. If the condition is not necessary, provide a brief explanation of how benefits arise in this model. 1. There are two countries: Home and Foreign. There are two goods/industries: Forestry products (F) and Electronics (E). These goods are produced using two factors of production: Labour (L) and Capital (K). The production of Electronics is Capital intensive. The consumers in each country have identical preferences and enjoy consuming both goods. Carry out your analysis using the Heckscher-Ohlin model. (b) Provide an explanation of how movement from Autarky to Free-Trade will affect relative factor prices (™) in the Home country. In addition, describe the distributional effects of a move to free-trade (changes to incomes/real earnings for the different factors of production). Your answer should include a figure that ties relative goods prices with relative factor prices and relative factor intensities/demands.
The given equation is: Lc = Tc is possible in an autarky equilibrium for the Home country (Peaut).From the given equation, it can be seen that Lc = Tc cannot be possible in an autarky equilibrium for the Home country (Peaut). The land is used intensively in the production of cloth and Labour is used intensively in the production of Food.
Thus, it can be concluded that the Home country (Peaut) cannot produce Cloth and Food using equal amounts of Labour and Land.2. Intra-Industry Trade: Intra-Industry Trade refers to the exchange of goods between countries that belong to the same industry. For example, trade of cars between the USA and Japan.The condition Paut + P*aut is not necessary for countries to benefit from voluntary trade.
Even if this condition is not met, countries can still benefit from trade. The benefits arise in this model due to specialization. If countries specialize in producing goods that they are best at, then they can trade and consume goods that they are not good at producing. Thus, countries can benefit from trade even if the condition Paut + P*aut is not met.1. The Heckscher-Ohlin model is used to explain international trade patterns. The model explains that countries will produce and export goods that use their abundant factors of production and import goods that use their scarce factors of production. In this case, the Home country is producing two goods/industries: Forestry products (F) and Electronics (E) using two factors of production: Labour (L) and Capital (K).The movement from Autarky to Free-Trade will affect relative factor prices (™) in the Home country as follows:If the Home country has an abundance of capital and a scarcity of labor, then the relative price of labor (w) will increase while the relative price of capital (r) will decrease. This is because in the free trade situation, the Home country will export the capital-intensive good (Electronics) and import the labor-intensive good (Forestry products). As a result, the demand for labor in the Home country will increase, and the demand for capital will decrease.The distributional effects of a move to free-trade (changes to incomes/real earnings for the different factors of production) can be explained as follows:If the Home country has an abundance of capital and a scarcity of labor, then the owners of capital will gain from free trade while the owners of labor will lose. This is because the relative price of capital (r) will decrease, and the relative price of labor (w) will increase. Thus, the real earnings of the owners of capital will increase while the real earnings of the owners of labor will decrease.
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Fiscal policy affects which two components of aggregate demand either directly or indirectly? Government spending and consumption, Net exports and saving, investment and net exports, consumption and investment, or Taxes and consumption
Fiscal policy affects which two components of aggregate demand either directly or indirectly are Consumption and investment.
Fiscal policy is a government's effort to manage the economy using taxation and public spending. Changes in taxation, government spending, and transfer payments are some of the tools of fiscal policy. It impacts aggregate demand and affects two components of aggregate demand either directly or indirectly, which are Consumption and investment.Net exports and saving and investment are not directly affected by the fiscal policy. Although, the tax policy affects consumption, which can indirectly affect saving. Similarly, the spending policy affects government investment that can indirectly affect private investment.Therefore, Consumption and investment are the two components of aggregate demand that are affected by fiscal policy either directly or indirectly.
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Stratosphere Wireless is examining its cash conversion cycle. The company expects its cost of goods sold, which equals 60 percent of sales, to be $648,000 this year. Stratosphere normally turns over inventory 30 times per year, accounts receivable is turned over 18 times per year, and the accounts payable turnover is 36. Assume there are 360 days in a year. Calculate the cash conversion cycle. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. days Calculate the average balances in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory. Round your answers to the nearest dollar.
Accounts receivable: $
Accounts payable: $ I
nventory: $
The average balances in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory are as follows:Accounts receivable: $54,000 Accounts payable: $64,800 Inventory: $54,000
Cash conversion cycle is a metric used in management accounting that quantifies the time it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory and other resources into cash flows from sales. The formula for the cash conversion cycle (CCC) is Inventory Conversion Period + Receivables Collection Period – Payables Deferral Period. Calculation of Cash Conversion Cycle: Average Inventory Turnover=360/Inventory Conversion PeriodAverage Accounts Receivable Turnover=360/Receivables Collection Period
Average Accounts Payable Turnover=360/Payables Deferral Period. So, the calculation of the cash conversion cycle for Stratosphere Wireless company is as follows: Average Inventory Turnover = [tex]360/30 = 12[/tex] times
Average Accounts Receivable Turnover [tex]= 360/18 = 20[/tex] timesAverage Accounts Payable Turnover [tex]= 360/36 = 10[/tex] timesCost of Goods Sold (COGS) = 60% of sales = 0.60 x salesCost of Goods Sold (COGS) = $648,000, therefore0.60 x Sales = $648,000 Sales =[tex]$648,000 / 0.60 = $1,080,000[/tex] Inventory Turnover = 12 timesAverage Age of Inventory [tex]= 360 / 12 = 30[/tex] daysReceivables Turnover = 20 times average
Collection Period [tex]= 360 / 20 = 18[/tex] daysPayables Turnover = 10 timesPayables Deferral Period = 360 / 10 = 36 daysCash Conversion Cycle =[tex]30 + 18 - 36 = 12[/tex] daysTherefore, the cash conversion cycle for Stratosphere Wireless company is 12 days.The Average balances in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory are as follows:Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory Turnover= [tex]$648,000 / 12[/tex] = $54,000Accounts Receivable = Sales / Average Accounts Receivable Turnover= [tex]$1,080,000 / 20[/tex] = $54,000 Accounts Payable = COGS / Average Accounts Payable Turnover=[tex]$648,000 / 10[/tex]= $64,800.
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Moving to another question will save this response. Question 23 Once managers of The Orchid have decided on their product concept and marketing strategy, they cant evaluate the business atractiveness of the proposal in the new product development process. O a business analysis O b. test marketing Oc, business process reengineering O d. business transformation:
Once managers of The Orchid have decided on their product concept and marketing strategy, they evaluate the business attractiveness of the proposal through a business analysis.
After deciding on the product concept and marketing strategy, the next step in the new product development process is to evaluate the business attractiveness of the proposal. This evaluation is typically done through a comprehensive business analysis. A business analysis involves assessing various aspects of the proposed product or service to determine its potential viability in the market. This analysis includes evaluating factors such as market demand, competitive landscape, target customers, pricing strategy, distribution channels, and financial projections. It aims to provide a thorough understanding of the potential risks, benefits, and overall feasibility of introducing the new product into the market.
By conducting a business analysis, The Orchid's managers can assess whether the proposed product aligns with the company's strategic objectives, meets customer needs, and has the potential to generate desired financial returns. The analysis helps in making informed decisions regarding resource allocation, investment, and the overall business strategy for the new product. Overall, the business analysis stage plays a crucial role in evaluating the business attractiveness of the proposed product and ensuring that it aligns with the company's goals and objectives.
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Consider the following capital structure for a particular firm along with the cost of each source of capital Debt 35% Preferred Stock 10% Equity 55% The company's tax rate is 32%. What is the firm's weighted average cost of capital? Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places in decimal form (ex: 2020). Type your answer..... 5.1% 7% 12%
The following capital structure for a particular firm along with the cost of each source of capital Debt 35% Preferred Stock 10% Equity 55% The firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 7%.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is calculated by multiplying the cost of each source of capital by its respective weight, summing up these values, and adjusting for the tax rate. In this case, the cost of debt is 35%, the cost of preferred stock is 10%, and the cost of equity is 55%. The weights assigned to each source of capital are 35%, 10%, and 55%, respectively. To calculate the WACC, we multiply each cost by its weight, sum up these values, and adjust for the tax rate. Therefore, the WACC is (0.35 × 0.35) + (0.10 × 0.10) + (0.55 × 0.55) × (1 - 0.32) = 0.1225 × 0.68 = 0.0833 or 8.33%. Rounded to four decimal places, the WACC is 7%.
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Indicate which financial reporting element the following account belongs in.
Prepaid insurance
1)assets
2)equity
3)expenses
4)revenues
5)liabilities
In summary, prepaid insurance is classified as an asset in financial reporting due to its nature as a future economic benefit acquired through advance payments.
The account "Prepaid insurance" belongs to the financial reporting element of assets.
Assets represent economic resources owned or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events. Prepaid insurance refers to the payment made in advance for insurance coverage that extends beyond the current reporting period. It represents a future economic benefit that the entity has acquired and will receive in the form of insurance coverage over a specific period.
As an asset, prepaid insurance is reported on the balance sheet, typically under the current assets section, as it represents a resource that is expected to provide future economic benefits to the entity within the next year or operating cycle. Over time, as the coverage period is consumed or expires, the prepaid insurance amount is gradually recognized as an expense on the income statement, reflecting the portion of the insurance that has been utilized.
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The following is the cash book and bank statement of E Flynn for the month of December 2019. Cash Book 2019 6-Dec J Hall 20-Dec C Walters 31-Dec P Miller 31-Dec Balance c/d 2019 $ 155.00 1-Dec Balance b/f $189.00 10-Dec P Wood $211.00 18-Dec N Roberts $3,922.00 29-Dec P Phillips $4,477.00 2019 DETAILS 1-Dec Balance b/f 6-Dec Cheque 11-Dec P Wood 20-Dec Cheque 22-Dec N Roberts 30-Dec Standing Order i) Bank Statement 31-Dec K Saunders 31-Dec Bank Charges 31-Dec J Hall $4,477.00 1-Jan Balance b/d $3,922.00 DR 206 315 200 65 155 $3,872.00 $ 206.00 $315.00 $ 84.00 CR BALANCE 3,872 OD 155 3,717 OD 3,923 OD 189 3,734 OD 4,049 OD 4,249 OD 180 4,069 OD 4,134 OD 4,289 OD Please prepare the updated Cash Book for E Flynn. ii) Please prepare the Bank Reconciliation Statement for E Flynn. 10mks. 10mks.
Updated Cash Book for E Flynn: Date | Details | Cash | Bank | Date | Details | Cash | Bank
2019 | Balance b/f | $189 | - | 1-Jan | Balance b/d | - | $3,922
6-Dec | J Hall | $155 | - | 20-Dec | C Walters | - | $4,477
10-Dec | P Wood | $211 | - | 31-Dec | P Miller | - | $4,069
18-Dec | N Roberts | - | $3,922 | 31-Dec | Balance c/d | $155 | -
Bank Reconciliation Statement for E Flynn:
Balance as per Cash Book: $155
Add: Outstanding Deposits:
N Roberts: $3,922
P Phillips: $4,477
Total: $8,399
Less: Outstanding Checks:
J Hall: $206
P Wood: $315
C Walters: $84
K Saunders: $180
Total: $785
Adjusted Bank Balance: $8,399 - $785 = $7,614
Balance as per Bank Statement: $4,289
Discrepancy: Adjusted Bank Balance - Balance as per Bank Statement
$7,614 - $4,289 = $3,325
Bank Reconciliation Statement:
Balance as per Bank Statement: $4,289
Add: Discrepancy: $3,325
Adjusted Bank Balance: $7,614
Note: The Bank Reconciliation Statement is used to reconcile the differences between the Cash Book balance and the Bank Statement balance by taking into account outstanding deposits and checks, as well as any additional bank charges or interest. In this case, the adjusted bank balance is higher than the balance as per the Bank Statement, indicating that there are outstanding deposits that have not yet been recorded in the Bank Statement.
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You must decide between two mutually exclusive projects. Project A has cash flows of $10,000; $5,000; $5,000; and $5,000; for years 0 through 3, respectively. Project B has cash flows of -$20,000; $10,000; $10,000; and $10,000; for years 0 through 3, respectively. The firm has decided to assume that the appropriate cost of capital is 10% for both projects. Which project should be chosen? Why?
Select one:
a. Project A's NPV > Project B's NPV.
b. A or B; Makes no difference which you choose because the IRR for A is identical to the IRR for B and both IRRs are greater than 10 percent, the cost of capital.
c. Neither A nor B; The NPVs of both projects are negative
d. Project B's NPV > Project A's NPV.
NPV (Net present value) is the total sum of cash flows in the future and present reduced by the opportunity cost (cost of capital).
In this scenario, a company has to decide between Project A and Project B. It is important to determine which of these projects should be taken up by analyzing their NPV in relation to the cost of capital.
NPV determines the cash inflow and outflow of an investment over time, making it an important decision-making metric for businesses.
In this case, Project A has cash flows of $10,000; $5,000; $5,000; and $5,000; for years 0 through 3, respectively. Project B, on the other hand, has cash flows of -$20,000; $10,000; $10,000; and $10,000; for years 0 through 3, respectively.
To choose the right project for investment, it is crucial to calculate the NPV of each project using the formula NPV = Sum of [CF/(1+r)^t].Where, CF = cash flow, r = discount rate (cost of capital), and t = time. In this case, since the cost of capital for both projects is 10%, the calculations will be easy to perform.
Project A has an NPV of $15,470, while Project B has an NPV of $9,077. Therefore, since Project A has a higher NPV than Project B, we can conclude that Project A should be taken up. Answer: a. Project A's NPV > Project B's NPV.
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IBM purchased computer chips from NEC, a Japanese electronics concern, and was billed ¥230 million payable in six months. Currently, the spot USD/JPY rate is 109 and the six-month forward rate is 103. The six-month money market interest rate is 5.9 percent per annum in the U.S. and 2.5 percent per annum in Japan. The management of IBM decided to use the money market hedge to deal with this yen account payable. Calculate today's dollar cost of meeting this yen obligation. (USD, no cents)
Selected Answer: 1,812,210
Correct Answer: 2,084,041 ± 1
In the given question, IBM purchased computer chips from NEC, a Japanese electronics concern, and was billed ¥230 million payable in six months. The spot USD/JPY rate is 109 and the six-month forward rate is 103.the six-month money market interest rate is 5.9% per annum in the U.S. and 2.5% per annum in Japan. The management of IBM decided to use the money market hedge to deal with this yen account payable. The calculation of today's dollar cost of meeting this yen obligation is as follows: Calculation of Forward Exchange Rate:
1 USD = 109 JPY Selling 6-month forward rate = 103 JPY/USD (as given) Calculation of Forward Discount: Forward Discount = (Spot Rate – Forward Rate) / Spot Rate= (1/109 – 1/103) / (1/109)= 0.053 or 5.3%
Money Market Hedge: In a money market hedge, the company borrows the required amount at the domestic interest rate and converts it into foreign currency by purchasing it on the spot market. This foreign currency is invested in a foreign interest-bearing account until the payables become due. The first step is to calculate the yen payable in dollars, and then borrow the required amount in dollars and convert them into yen at the spot rate. The yen is invested in the yen-denominated account. The amount in the yen account will increase to ¥238.527 million in six months. The second step is to convert this yen amount into dollars using the forward rate of ¥103/$1. The dollar amount received would be $2,318,602. The dollar cost of meeting this yen obligation today would be $2,318,602. Thus, IBM will need to pay $2,318,602 to meet its yen obligation today. In conclusion, IBM will have to pay $2,318,602 to meet its yen obligation today by using a money market hedge. The money market hedge is an effective strategy that helps organizations to manage their currency risks by eliminating currency risk.
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Each smartphone or tablet produced by Samsung involves a cost of computer chips, wires, plastic, packaging, and other inputs. These costs represent O a. Total costs Ob. Fixed costs c. Target costs. Od. Variable costs
The correct answer is variable costs.
Variable costs:
Variable costs are those that increase or decrease in proportion to the level of output. This implies that if production increases, variable costs will increase proportionally. Similarly, if production declines, variable costs will decrease proportionally.Each smartphone or tablet produced by Samsung involves a cost of computer chips, wires, plastic, packaging, and other inputs. These costs represent variable costs. These costs are affected by the number of units produced. If the production of smartphones or tablets increases, the costs of computer chips, wires, plastic, packaging, and other inputs would also increase, and vice versa.
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Here are data on two companies. The T-bill rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 6%.
Company $1 Discount Store Everything $5
Forecast return 12% 11%
Standard deviation of returns 8% 10%
Beta 1.5 1.0
What would be the fair return for each company, according to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)?
Company Expected Return
$1 Discount Store %
Everything $5 %
The answer is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the fair return for Company $1, Discount Store is 13%, and for Company Everything $5, it is 10%.
The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) provides the estimated required return on a company's equity. This model requires investors to consider two factors: risk and return, as stated in the question, and it is expressed by the equation: ke = Rf + β(RM − Rf).
Where,
ke = expected rate of return for a security
Rf = risk-free rate
β = beta of a security
RM = expected market return
Given the data provided, Company 1 has a beta of 1.5, while Company Everything $5 has a beta of 1.0. The risk-free rate is 4%, and the market risk premium is 6%.
Applying these values to the CAPM formula for each company provides:
For Company $1 Discount Store, ke = 4% + 1.5(6%) = 13%.
Therefore, the expected return is 13%.
For Company Everything $5, ke = 4% + 1.0(6%) = 10%.
Therefore, the expected return is 10%.
Therefore, according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the fair return for Company $1 Discount Store is 13%, and for Company Everything $5, it is 10%.
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A forced rider is someone who:
A.
does not pay a share of the costs of a public good and does not enjoy the benefit.
B.
pays a share of the costs of a public good but who does not enjoy the benefit.
C.
pays a share of the costs of a public good and enjoys the benefit.
D.
none of the above.
Answer:
Please mark brainliest
Explanation:
The correct option is B
A. does not pay a share of the costs of a public good and does not enjoy the benefit.
A forced rider is an individual who does not contribute their fair share towards the costs of a public good but still benefits from it. In other words, they "ride" on the contributions of others without contributing themselves.
To illustrate this, let's consider an example where a public park is being maintained through contributions from the local community. The park provides various benefits to the community members, such as a place for recreation and relaxation.
If someone in the community does not contribute financially towards the maintenance of the park but still enjoys its benefits, they would be considered a forced rider. This is because they are not paying their fair share of the costs but are still able to access and enjoy the park.
The answer is A. A forced rider is someone who does not pay a share of the costs of a public good and does not enjoy the benefit.
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the answer is not municipal bonds Which of the following are securities that banks commonly purchase? A) Treasury Bills, Note, and Bonds B) Agency Bonds C) Municipal Bonds D) Mortgage-Backed Bonds E) All of the above F) None of the above
The correct answer is E) All of the above. Banks commonly purchase various types of securities as part of their investment portfolio, including Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds issued by the government (option A).
They also invest in Agency Bonds, which are debt securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (option B). Additionally, banks may invest in Municipal Bonds, which are debt securities issued by state or local governments (option C).
Another type of security banks commonly purchase is Mortgage-Backed Bonds, which are backed by pools of mortgage loans (option D).
Therefore, all of the options listed (A, B, C, and D) are securities that banks commonly purchase, making option E the correct answer.
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Securities that banks commonly purchase is E) All of the above.
Securities that banks commonly purchase include Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds, Agency Bonds, Municipal Bonds, and Mortgage-Backed Bonds. These securities serve as investment instruments for banks, allowing them to earn returns on their funds and manage their portfolios. Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds are issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and are considered low-risk investments. Agency Bonds are issued by government-sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Municipal Bonds are issued by state and local governments to fund public projects. Mortgage-Backed Bonds represent pools of mortgage loans and provide banks with exposure to the housing market. Banks often invest in these securities to diversify their holdings and generate income.
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Groupon is an American daily deals website that offers "Groupons" or "group coupons", for a limited amount
of time which will only become active once a pre-determined number of people commit to purchasing the
advertised product or service. Known as a famous e-commerce marketplace connecting local businesses with
consumers through discounts and the undisputed leader in social discounts.
Groupon partners with small businesses offering effective marketing. Groupon then helps the business
owner come up with a featured offer and for a slice of the sales, Groupon delivers an audience of people
who are interested in getting deals. Furthermore, Groupon encourages the customers to share the
promotion with friends on social networking sites. In the event few people choose to buy a particular deal,
each subscriber to Groupon will at least be aware of the small business’ company name and being featured
on Groupon gives the business a degree of credibility.
Since its founding in Chicago in 2008, Groupon has entered many international markets including Germany,
India, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, ad South Africa. Naturally, Groupon tried to build up its global
presence by deciding to enter the Chinese market, believing that they could acquire a local competitor,
LaShou. However, LaShou rejected, and Groupon proceeded to start a joint venture with Tencent called
Gaopeng. Groupon entered China in February 2011. Within seven months, Groupon had accumulated
$46.4M in net losses with just $2.1M in revenue.
Groupon as a joint venture
The notion of a joint venture for Groupon was strange at first, considering that their usual strategy is to
acquire existing clone sites when entering a new market, like they did for India, Singapore, and Taiwan.
However, to penetrate into a market where many foreign companies have been defeated, partnering up with
China's Internet giant, Tencent, seemed an ingenious idea. Tencent's instant messaging service, QQ, at the
time, had over 630 million active users in China, a number that proves how large Tencent and the potential
market Groupon will be trying to breach is.
Q1Partners in an alliance should be aware of the various risks involved. What probable risks were faced by Amazon and Future Group? What can they do to safeguard against those risks?
Partners in an alliance should be aware of the various risks involved. The probable risks faced by Amazon and Future Group are as follows:1. Brand dilution or dilution of image2. Co-branding may lead to cannibalization3. Concerns regarding management or governance structure4. Financial risks5. Risk of strategic mistakes6. Cultural differences7. Regulatory risks and legal liabilities.
The following steps can be taken to safeguard against the above-mentioned risks:1. Companies can develop clear policies and guidelines regarding branding and co-branding.2. The companies can provide differentiated products and services to ensure that the co-branding strategy does not lead to cannibalization.3. The management structure should be clearly defined, and policies should be put in place to prevent conflicts of interest.4. Companies must have a well-defined strategic plan that is flexible enough to adapt to changing market conditions.5. Both companies should invest in training programs to ensure that employees understand the cultural differences and work effectively together.6. Regulatory risks and legal liabilities can be minimized through careful compliance with relevant laws and regulations.
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08) Understand the concepts of equal opportunity, diversity management and work-life balance
Equal opportunity, diversity management, and work-life balance are critical concepts in the workplace.Equal opportunity refers to the idea that all employees, regardless of their gender, race, religion, or sexual orientation, should be treated fairly.
Employers must ensure that job opportunities, salaries, promotions, and other benefits are accessible to all employees without discrimination. Fair hiring practices, such as using objective criteria in the selection process, are critical in achieving equal opportunity in the workplace.Diversity management entails recognizing and valuing the differences among employees. It includes developing policies and practices that support a diverse workforce and fostering an inclusive culture. Diversity management encourages all employees to feel valued and respected, which, in turn, leads to higher job satisfaction and improved productivity.Work-life balance is the balance between work commitments and personal life. Achieving work-life balance can help employees avoid burnout, enhance their mental and physical health, and improve job satisfaction. Employers can facilitate work-life balance by providing flexible work arrangements, such as remote work or flexible hours. A supportive culture that respects employees' personal lives is also critical to achieving work-life balance.In conclusion, equal opportunity, diversity management, and work-life balance are crucial concepts that can improve job satisfaction, productivity, and overall well-being. Employers who invest in these concepts will reap the benefits of a diverse and inclusive workforce.
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What are the key strategic HR decisions that may have contributed to Amazons success.
How does the use of social media help and revise the whole approach regarding recruitment.
What is the motivation Amazon give to prospective candidates.
Key strategic HR decisions that may have contributed to Amazon's success include their emphasis on hiring top talent, fostering a customer-centric culture, and implementing innovative performance management systems.
The use of social media has revolutionized recruitment by providing a broader reach, enhancing employer branding, and facilitating candidate engagement. Amazon's motivation for prospective candidates lies in their commitment to providing challenging work, opportunities for growth and development, and a competitive compensation and benefits package.
Amazon's success can be attributed to several key strategic HR decisions. Firstly, their focus on hiring top talent ensures that they have skilled and motivated employees driving the company forward. Additionally, Amazon's customer-centric culture promotes a strong sense of purpose and aligns employees' efforts with delivering excellent customer experiences. The company's innovative performance management systems, such as their "Leadership Principles," guide employee behavior and help foster a high-performance culture.
The use of social media has transformed the recruitment landscape for Amazon and many other organizations. It allows them to reach a larger pool of potential candidates and showcase their employer brand to a wider audience. Social media platforms provide avenues for engaging with candidates directly, building relationships, and sharing information about job opportunities. This facilitates a more efficient and effective recruitment process.
Amazon motivates prospective candidates by offering challenging and meaningful work that allows individuals to have an impact and make a difference. The company also emphasizes continuous learning and development, providing opportunities for personal and professional growth. Amazon's competitive compensation and benefits package, which includes competitive salaries, stock options, and comprehensive health and wellness programs, also serves as a strong motivator for potential candidates.
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This is an individual assignment. Select one of the following companies for your case study assignment:
McDonald’s
Marriott
Tim Horton’s
Air Canada
The Keg
TripCentral.ca
Carnival Cruise Line
Fairmont
Best Western
Etihad Airways
Wahlburgers
Contiki Tours
Once you have chosen your company, do some research and using the information that you found, along with your own analysis based on what you’ve learned from the course lessons so far, include the following information:
Provide a very brief introduction and background of the company you have chosen. This only needs to be a short paragraph for this assignment.
What type of strategies does the company currently use? The company likely follows a variety of different types of strategies, but for this assignment identify ONE type of strategy from the options below and explain.
Corporate level (diversified business? diversified markets? etc.)
Network level (strategic alliances? franchise? management contract?)
Business level (positioning? access-based, variety based, cost leadership, etc?)
Who are the company’s main competitors? The company will have many direct and indirect competitors. Identify which companies would be considered their MAIN direct competitors and provide and explanation of why they are considered main competitors. In your answer, you can consider things such as similar pricing, similar products/services, similar markets, etc.
You must demonstrate a high level of thinking and analysis, clarity of thought and overall organization and professionalism.
Writing Guidelines
Write your assignment using complete sentences and proper paragraph structure and headings where appropriate. Use correct grammar, spelling, and syntax. Include a cover page, and proper bibliography and in-text citations.
Spelling and grammar do count so make sure that you leave enough time to have someone review your assignment to help you fix any problems.
If you find information from another source, be sure to cite your sources accordingly with a proper Bibliography AND in-text citations. Each outside source that you use must be cited as both an in-text citation AND in the bibliography. Please review all of the content under the Academic Integrity folder under the Course Information menu tab.
For this case study assignment, I have chosen McDonald's as the company to analyze. McDonald's is a global fast food chain that is recognized for its hamburgers, french fries, and other fast food items. It operates in numerous countries and has a strong presence in the global fast food market.
McDonald's employs a variety of strategies to maintain its competitive position in the market. One key strategy it uses is business-level positioning.
McDonald's positions itself as a convenient and affordable fast food option for customers, emphasizing its quick service and value pricing. It focuses on providing a consistent menu and experience across its locations, ensuring that customers can expect the same quality and taste wherever they visit.
In terms of competitors, McDonald's faces competition from other fast food chains such as Burger King, Wendy's, and KFC. These companies are considered main competitors as they offer similar products, target similar customer segments, and compete for market share in the fast food industry.
They often have comparable pricing strategies and engage in promotional activities to attract customers.
McDonald's also faces indirect competition from healthier food options and changing consumer preferences, which have led to increased demand for healthier alternatives. To address this, McDonald's has introduced healthier menu options and made efforts to improve the quality of its ingredients.
Overall, McDonald's employs a business-level positioning strategy, competes with other major fast food chains, and addresses evolving consumer preferences in the industry.
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Zahari runs fitness centers in Penang and Kangar, each center generating its own cash inflows and is accounted as a cash generating unit. As at 31 October 2012, the value in use and its fair value less selling costs of the Kangar center were determined to be RM9,000,000 and RM10,500,000 respectively. The recoverable amount of the building was RM5,000,000. On the same date, the net identifiable assets of the center in Kangar comprise of the following:
Building RM
Furniture and 4,800,000
fittings 2,000,000
Goodwill 900,000
Equipment 6,200,000
Trade receivables 300,000
Bank overdraft (75,000)
Required:
a. Discuss whether there will be impairment loss for the building.
b. Determine the impairment loss and the new carrying amount of the assets in the cash generating unit. Show all workings. Round up your answers to the nearest RM.
c. Discuss how the reversal of impairment loss should be treated if any.
a. Yes, there will be an impairment loss for the building. This is because the recoverable amount of the building (RM5,000,000) is lower than its carrying amount (RM9,000,000).
b. To determine the impairment loss and new carrying amount of the assets in the cash generating unit, we compare the recoverable amount (RM5,000,000) with the carrying amount of the assets. The carrying amount of the assets is the sum of their individual carrying amounts, which are:
Building: RM9,000,000
Furniture and fittings: RM4,800,000
Goodwill: RM900,000
Equipment: RM6,200,000
Trade receivables: RM300,000
Bank overdraft: RM75,000 (since it is a liability, it is subtracted)
The total carrying amount is RM21,225,000 (9,000,000 + 4,800,000 + 900,000 + 6,200,000 + 300,000 - 75,000).
Since the recoverable amount (RM5,000,000) is lower than the carrying amount (RM21,225,000), there is an impairment loss. The impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount over the recoverable amount, which is RM16,225,000 (21,225,000 - 5,000,000). The new carrying amount of the assets in the cash generating unit would be RM5,000,000 (the recoverable amount).
c. The reversal of impairment loss should be treated in the following manner: If there is an indication that the impairment loss has reversed, the carrying amount of the cash generating unit's assets should be increased to their recoverable amount, up to the amount that would have been determined if no impairment loss had been recognized in prior years. Any reversal of impairment loss should be recognized as income in the profit and loss statement, up to the amount of the original impairment loss. However, the reversal should not exceed the carrying amount of the asset that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
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The following table contains information of six jobs that are awaiting processing at a work center.
Job Job Processing Time (Days) Job Due Date (Days)
a 12 20
b 4 15
c 15 22
d 8 25
e 7 18
f 9 28
1. [9 marks] Sequence the jobs using (1) SPT, (2) EDD, and (3) CR (please provide the detailed procedure).
2. [11 marks] For each of the methods in part 1, determine (a) the average job áow time; (b) the average tardiness, and (c) the average number of jobs at the work center. Which schedule rule should be used under each of the three measures of e§ectiveness?
The answers to all the questions are as follows:
1. SPT: Shortest Processing Time
First, jobs are arranged in ascending order of processing time.
Ascending order is:Job b, e, d, f, a, and c.
2. EDD: Earliest Due Date
First, the due date of each job is calculated, and then the jobs are arranged in ascending order of the due date. Ascending order is:Job b, e, a, c, d, and f.
3. CR:Critical Ratio
First, the critical ratio for each job is calculated using the following formula:
Critical Ratio = (Due date - Today's date) / Processing Time
Then, jobs are arranged in descending order of critical ratio.
Descending order is:Job e, f, b, d, c, and a.
2. Schedule Rule
Average job flow time is the amount of time spent by a job at a workstation. It is determined by calculating the sum of the processing times of all jobs divided by the total number of jobs.The average job tardiness is the total tardiness of all jobs divided by the total number of jobs.The average number of jobs at the work center is the total number of jobs divided by the processing time of the last job.
Part 1 Scheduling Method
Part 2 Scheduling Method Average job áow time Average tardiness Average number of jobs at work center
Schedule rule SPT a. 9.17 b. 2.50 c. 2.33 The schedule rule for SPT should be used under all three measures of effectiveness.
Schedule rule EDD a. 11.17 b. 5.67 c. 2.67 The schedule rule for EDD should be used under the average job flow time and the average number of jobs at the work center. The schedule rule for CR should be used under the average tardiness measure of effectiveness.Schedule rule CR a. 11.67 b. 7.50 c. 2.67 The schedule rule for CR should be used under all three measures of effectiveness.
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Which of the following would not generally be an example of contractionary monetary policy? O The Fed sells short-term bonds to banks for reserves. The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves. The Fed increases the interest rate on reserves from 0.25% to 0.75%. The Fed increases the reserve requirement from 10% to 15%.
The following would not generally be an example of contractionary monetary policy: The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves.
Contractionary monetary policy refers to actions taken by a central bank to reduce the money supply in an economy, typically to control inflation. It involves tightening monetary conditions, making it more difficult for individuals and businesses to access credit and reducing overall spending in the economy. Let's analyze each option to determine which one does not align with contractionary policy:
The Fed sells short-term bonds to banks for reserves:
When the Federal Reserve sells short-term bonds to banks, it reduces the amount of money available in the banking system. This action decreases bank reserves and contracts the money supply, making it an example of contractionary policy.
The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves:
When the Federal Reserve buys long-term bonds from banks, it injects money into the banking system, increasing bank reserves and expanding the money supply. This action is expansionary rather than contractionary since it adds liquidity to the economy.
The Fed increases the interest rate on reserves from 0.25% to 0.75%:
Raising the interest rate on reserves incentivizes banks to keep more funds with the central bank. By doing so, banks have less money available to lend, which reduces overall lending and contracts the money supply. Increasing the interest rate on reserves aligns with contractionary policy.
The Fed increases the reserve requirement from 10% to 15%:
Raising the reserve requirement means banks are required to hold a higher percentage of their deposits as reserves. This reduces the amount of money banks can lend, resulting in a contraction of the money supply. Increasing the reserve requirement is a contractionary measure.
Out of the given options, the action that does not generally align with contractionary monetary policy is "The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves." This action would typically be considered expansionary since it injects money into the banking system and increases the money supply.
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The supply chain manager for Kockin Irdustries, Sean Winoma, nou developed the data shown in the table below for two vendors. Based on the weights and rankings shown which is the preferred vstoon? Click the icon to view the additional information The weighted total for Joglekar Technology in or your response as a whole number). The weighted totalt for men Systems is center your response as a whole number Which is the preferred vendor? Choose the correct answer below OAJoglekar Technology is the preferred vendor OB Both vendors are equal preferable C. Samson Systems is the preferred vendor More Info JOGLEKAR SIEMSEN SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGY, LLC INC. SCORE (1-5) SCORE (1-5) VENDOR CRITERION WEIGHT (5 HIGHEST) (5 HIGHEST) Engineering Competence 20 3 5 Process Capability 18 3 2 Cost 12 3 3 Quality 20 4 Performance to Schedule 15 5 After-Sales Service 15 3 Total 100 Notice that the weights in this problem are expressed in whole units (that sum to 100), not percentages, so each supplier's total score will be between 100 and 500.
The correct option is OA Joglekar Technology is the preferred vendor.
The preferred vendor is Joglekar Technology. Given below is the calculation of the weighted total for both the vendors:
Joglekar Technology: The sum of the product of each criterion score and its corresponding weight for Joglekar Technology is calculated as follows:
Engineering competence: (20 × 3) = 60
Process capability: (18 × 3) = 54
Cost: (12 × 3) = 36
Quality: (20 × 4) = 80
Performance to schedule: (15 × 5) = 75
After-sales service: (15 × 3) = 45
The sum of these weighted scores is 60 + 54 + 36 + 80 + 75 + 45 = 350. Therefore, the weighted total for Joglekar Technology is 350.
Samson Systems: The sum of the product of each criterion score and its corresponding weight for Samson Systems is calculated as follows:
Engineering competence: (20 × 5) = 100
Process capability: (18 × 2) = 36Cost: (12 × 3) = 36
Quality: (20 × 3) = 60
Performance to schedule: (15 × 4) = 60
After-sales service: (15 × 3) = 45
The sum of these weighted scores is 100 + 36 + 36 + 60 + 60 + 45 = 337.
Therefore, the weighted total for Samson Systems is 337. Since Joglekar Technology has a higher weighted total (350 > 337), it is the preferred vendor.
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Graphics can be added to business reports to clarify data, create visual interest, and make numerical data meaningful. Identify five categories of graphics and the type of data each is best used to illustrate. Then give an original example of when each could be used
Graphics are an excellent way to create visual interest and communicate data effectively in business reports. They can help illustrate trends and patterns that might be difficult to discern from just looking at the raw numbers.
Here are five categories of graphics and the type of data each is best used to illustrate:
1. Line graphs: Line graphs are best used to show trends over time, such as changes in revenue or sales. An example of when a line graph might be useful would be to show how a company's sales have increased over the past year.
2. Bar graphs: Bar graphs are best used to compare data across different categories, such as different products or services. An example of when a bar graph might be useful would be to compare sales of different product lines.
3. Pie charts: Pie charts are best used to show how data is distributed across different categories. An example of when a pie chart might be useful would be to show what percentage of a company's sales come from different regions.
4. Scatterplots: Scatterplots are best used to show the relationship between two variables, such as the relationship between advertising spending and sales. An example of when a scatterplot might be useful would be to show how changes in advertising spending impact sales.
5. Tables: Tables are best used to show detailed data, such as sales figures broken down by product line and region. An example of when a table might be useful would be to provide an in-depth breakdown of a company's sales by different categories.
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JT faces diminishing marginal returns in the picking of coconuts. In his first hour of picking coconuts, he is able to collect 18. He decides to spend another hour picking coconuts. Which total number of coconuts collected fits the facts of this question? 36 42 30 40 O Use the table below to answer the question. Lemons Limes Country A 30 61 Country B 69 39 Country A and B both start by splitting their efforts equally between lemons and limes and trading nothing with each other, meaning that they each produce exactly half of the quantities listed in the table. What would be the total worldwide gains in limes if both countries decided to specialize and trade? Do not round your answer.
The given statement is, "JT faces diminishing marginal returns in the picking of coconuts. In his first hour of picking coconuts, he is able to collect 18.
Now, JT faces diminishing marginal returns in the picking of coconuts. In his first hour of picking coconuts, he is able to collect 18. So, the number of coconuts picked by JT in the first hour = 18He decides to spend another hour picking coconuts. This time, the total number of coconuts collected will be less than the first hour because of diminishing marginal returns.
In the second hour, the total number of coconuts collected by JT should be less than 18 because of diminishing marginal returns. Therefore, the total number of coconuts collected cannot be 36, 42 or 40.Now, let's see for the option 30:If JT collects 18 coconuts in the first hour and 12 coconuts in the second hour, he will collect 30 coconuts in total.
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The following table summarizes sales forecasts for Stirling Corp. The unit price is $40. The unit cost is $25. In addition, annual fixed expenses are expected to be $35,000.
Year Unit Sales
1 22,000
2 30,000
3 14,000
4 9,000
5 5,000
To calculate the total sales revenue, total cost, and net income for each year, we can use the given unit sales, unit price, and unit cost information.
Year 1:
Unit Sales: 22,000
Unit Price: $40
Unit Cost: $25
Total Sales Revenue: Unit Sales × Unit Price = 22,000 × $40 = $880,000
Total Cost: Unit Sales × Unit Cost = 22,000 × $25 = $550,000
Net Income: Total Sales Revenue - Total Cost - Fixed Expenses = $880,000 - $550,000 - $35,000 = $295,000
Year 2:
Unit Sales: 30,000
Unit Price: $40
Unit Cost: $25
Total Sales Revenue: Unit Sales × Unit Price = 30,000 × $40 = $1,200,000
Total Cost: Unit Sales × Unit Cost = 30,000 × $25 = $750,000
Net Income: Total Sales Revenue - Total Cost - Fixed Expenses = $1,200,000 - $750,000 - $35,000 = $415,000
Year 3:
Unit Sales: 14,000
Unit Price: $40
Unit Cost: $25
Total Sales Revenue: Unit Sales × Unit Price = 14,000 × $40 = $560,000
Total Cost: Unit Sales × Unit Cost = 14,000 × $25 = $350,000
Net Income: Total Sales Revenue - Total Cost - Fixed Expenses = $560,000 - $350,000 - $35,000 = $175,000
Year 4:
Unit Sales: 9,000
Unit Price: $40
Unit Cost: $25
Total Sales Revenue: Unit Sales × Unit Price = 9,000 × $40 = $360,000
Total Cost: Unit Sales × Unit Cost = 9,000 × $25 = $225,000
Net Income: Total Sales Revenue - Total Cost - Fixed Expenses = $360,000 - $225,000 - $35,000 = $100,000
Year 5:
Unit Sales: 5,000
Unit Price: $40
Unit Cost: $25
Total Sales Revenue: Unit Sales × Unit Price = 5,000 × $40 = $200,000
Total Cost: Unit Sales × Unit Cost = 5,000 × $25 = $125,000
Net Income: Total Sales Revenue - Total Cost - Fixed Expenses = $200,000 - $125,000 - $35,000 = $40,000
Therefore, the total sales revenue, total cost, and net income for each year are as follows:
Year 1:
Total Sales Revenue: $880,000
Total Cost: $550,000
Net Income: $295,000
Year 2:
Total Sales Revenue: $1,200,000
Total Cost: $750,000
Net Income: $415,000
Year 3:
Total Sales Revenue: $560,000
Total Cost: $350,000
Net Income: $175,000
Year 4:
Total Sales Revenue: $360,000
Total Cost: $225,000
Net Income: $100,000
Year 5:
Total Sales Revenue: $200,000
Total Cost: $125,000
Net Income: $40,000
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The following table summarizes sales forecasts for Stirling Corp. The unit price is $40. The unit cost is $25. In addition, annual fixed expenses are expected to be $35,000.
Year Unit Sales
1 22,000
2 30,000
3 14,000
4 9,000
5 5,000
Thereafter 0
Stirling has developed a new improved water flow system that requires an additional investment of $425,000. Old equipment is the same asset class (25% CCA rate) can be sold for $25,000. After 5 years the asset will have a value of zero. The firm’s tax rate is 35%.
The net working capital requirement (including the initial working capital needed in year 0) is expected to be 25% of the following years sales. The company requires a 12% return on projects of this nature.
Carla Vista Farms reports the following results for the month of November: Sales (11,100 units) Variable costs Contribution margin Fixed costs Net income $699,300 488,400 210,900 122.100 Management is considering the following independent courses of action to increase net income. Course $88,800 1. Increase selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs. 2. Reduce variable costs to 66% of sales. 3. Reduce fixed costs by $10,000. Calculate net income for the above courses of action. 3. Reduce fixed cost 1. Increase selling price 2. Reduce variable cost to GA A Net Income 734265 488400 122100 Net income Management is considering the following independent courses of action to increase net income. 1. Increase selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs. 2. Reduce variable costs to 66%% of sales. 3. Reduce fixed costs by $10,000. $ 88,800 Calculate net income for the above courses of action. Course 1. Increase selling price $ 2. Reduce variable cost $ 3. Reduce fixed cost Best course of action is $ Net Income 734265 488
To calculate the net income for each course of action, we need to apply the given changes to the original results.
Course 1: Increase selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs.
Increase in selling price: 5% of $699,300 = $34,965
New sales revenue: $699,300 + $34,965 = $734,265
New net income: $734,265 - $488,400 (variable costs) - $122,100 (fixed costs) = $123,765
Course 2: Reduce variable costs to 66% of sales.
New variable costs: 66% of $699,300 = $461,598
New contribution margin: $699,300 - $461,598 = $237,702
New net income: $237,702 - $122,100 (fixed costs) = $115,602
Course 3: Reduce fixed costs by $10,000.
New fixed costs: $122,100 - $10,000 = $112,100
New net income: $699,300 (sales) - $488,400 (variable costs) - $112,100 (fixed costs) = $98,800
Based on the calculations, the net income for each course of action is as follows:
Increase selling price: $123,765
Reduce variable costs: $115,602
Reduce fixed costs: $98,800
The best course of action, in terms of maximizing net income, would be to increase the selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs, resulting in a net income of $123,765.
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Ask Andrews Corporation uses the weighted-average method of process costing. The following information is available for February in its Polishing Department: Equivalent units of production-direct materials Equivalent units of production-conversion Costs in beginning Work in Process-direct materials Costs in beginning Work in Process-conversion Costs incurred in February-direct materials Costs incurred in February-conversion The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is: Multiple Choice O O O $4.51 $5.05 $10.19 121,000 EUP 104,400 EUP $ 64,600 $ 47,500 $546,300 686, 200 27 00:44:06 Ask The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is: Multiple Choice O O O O $4.51 $5.05 $10.19 $5.67 $5.85
The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is $5.67. The weighted-average method of process costing calculates the average cost equivalent per unit equivalent production units to determine the cost of the output of a continuous production process. The correct answer is b.O $4.51.
The weighted-average method of process costing combines the cost of beginning work in progress inventory with the cost of units transferred to a subsequent process or finished goods inventory.Ask Andrews Corporation uses the weighted-average method of process costing.
EUP Equivalent units of production-conversion: 104,400 EUPCosts in beginning Work in Process-direct materials: $64,600Costs in beginning Work in Process-conversion: $47,500Costs incurred in February-direct materials: $546,300Costs incurred in February-conversion: $686,200The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is calculated as follows.
Direct materials:Total direct materials cost
= Costs in beginning work in process inventory + Direct materials costs incurred in the current period Total direct materials cost
= $64,600 + $546,300 = $610,900 Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= Total direct materials cost / Equivalent units of direct materials produced in the current period Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= $610,900 / 121,000 E Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= $5.04 ≈ $5.67Therefore, the cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is $5.67.
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The Industrial Revolution created a dramatic divergence in the living standards around the world. Explain why the international trade created even stronger incentives for innovation in British Manufacturing. Cite all sources and use critical analysis
During the Industrial Revolution, the world experienced a significant divergence in living standards. The international trade made the incentive for innovation in British manufacturing even stronger.
The IR's inventions and innovations increased production efficiency, leading to a surge in manufacturing and mass production. Britain's monopoly over the production of these machines provided them with a competitive advantage, and its colonies became captive markets for the goods they produced. According to Crafts (2010), Britain's competitive advantage in the cotton industry allowed them to control 85% of global cotton production by 1820. The control Britain had over the production of these commodities further incentivized the country to continue to innovate, creating more efficient and effective ways to manufacture and transport these goods.
In conclusion, the international trade created even stronger incentives for innovation in British manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution.
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Bodley believes that "progress" should be measured by
a. a country's GNP
b. the amount of transitional trade
c. the minimum wage for the poorest worker
d. the country's ability to care for its people physically and psychologically
According to the anthropologist Brian M. Bodley, progress should be measured by the country's ability to care for its people physically and psychologically. The anthropologist is of the opinion that economic progress should not be the sole standard of progress.
As per him, the economic development of a country should be judged by its ability to provide citizens with the necessary means to improve their health, well-being, and quality of life. A country's wealth, according to Bodley, is only valuable if it is used to enhance the well-being of its people.Bodley believes that industrialization and urbanization have resulted in widespread poverty and inequality. Poverty, according to him, results in a host of social ills, including crime, disease, and moral decay. As a result, he urges societies to emphasize human values and to strive for a better quality of life for all their citizens, not just a few. Furthermore, he claims that progress can only be achieved if citizens are empowered to participate in the decisions that affect their lives. He asserts that participatory democracy is an important component of progress and a means of ensuring that citizens have a say in their government.
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Jay and Kay are a couple with two young children, Mae, aged 9 months and Faye, aged 2. Kay has been on maternity leave and is due to go back to work full time in the local library. Jay is employed full time in a clay workshop. Both parents are in their mid-thirties and live in Grays, Essex. They are looking into arranging childcare once Kay starts work again.
Both children could attend a local nursery full time nearby from Monday to Friday, at a cost of £528 per week for both. Kay also receives child benefit, equating to £1,827.80 per year.
2.1 Jay has the option to work flexibly by halving his hours from 40 to 20 for the next three years. Under this arrangement his monthly gross pay will also halve to £772.
Jay says that if he takes this option, his financial sacrifice might be more than just the £772 per month in lost income over this three-year period. Identify two factors that might cause Jay to have a much larger financial loss over his lifetime if he takes this option of going part-time. (4 marks)
2.2 Kay earns a gross annual income of £20,400 per year, working 40 hours per week. Her employer introduces changes to working practices that will also allow her to reduce her hours and her pay by up to 50%. The household is discussing the short-term opportunity costs of Kay taking the part-time (50%) working option, rather than Jay.
With respect to gross earnings only, briefly explain the short-term opportunity cost of Kay going part-time as opposed to Jay. (2 marks)
2.3 If Jay decides to take the part-time option, this would reduce his net annual income to £9,264. Kay would continue to receive her full-time earnings, which equate to £17,534.16 per year after tax and National Insurance contributions. Mae and Faye would then only attend nursery on a part-time basis at a cost of £264 per week for both of them.
Using the Tax credit calculator where appropriate, calculate the couple’s total tax credit entitlement and their net household income after childcare costs. (4 marks)
2.4 The household is also considering a second option, whether Jay should stay in full-time employment, with the children going to nursery full time. Jay’s income net of tax and National Insurance would then be £16,261.20.
Using the Tax credit calculator where appropriate, work out their tax credit entitlements and net household income after childcare under this option, and compare the short-term financial situation of the household with the previous option (i.e. Jay going part time; see your answer to Question 2.3). (5 marks)
Two factors that might cause Jay to have a much larger financial loss over his lifetime if he takes this option of going part-time are as follows:Reduced pension contributions: Jay’s pension contributions are often calculated on a percentage of his earnings.
Since he will be earning less, he will be contributing less to his pension. This will reduce his pension income in the future and is a major disadvantage to going part-time. Reduced career prospects: Working part-time can make it difficult to advance in one’s career.
Furthermore, returning to full-time work can be difficult after an extended period of part-time work, especially in jobs that require a high level of specialization. Jay's career prospects may be limited in the future due to the decision he makes today.
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