In this study, the option that is the independent variable and the dependent variable is C. The independent variable is the score on the math test, and the dependent variable is the citrus smell.
Which variable is dependent and which is independent?In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling, and experimental sciences, there are dependent and independent variables. Dependent variables are so-called because, during an experiment, their values are examined on the assumption or presumption that they are governed by the values of other variables.
Note that the cause is the independent variable. Its value is unaffected by the other study variables. Effect is the dependent variable. Changes in the independent variable affect its value.
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A therapist helps a client by focusing on her misguided thinking patterns. The therapist believes that by modifying how someone is processing information about the world, that this will help the person's overall mental health. For this therapist, there is an emphasis on thinking and processing.
With which of psychology's major perspectives does this therapist most closely align?
A. cognitive
B. psychoanalytic theory
C. behaviorist
D. humanistic
The function of hemoglobin is to carry ________ from the lungs throughout the body.
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
Figure 2 shows some structures involved in the coordination of a reflex action.
Describe how the structures shown in Figure 2 help to coordinate a reflex action.
Answer:
You got this!
Determine which equation is false, based on the solution set S:{4}.
3t = 12
3m + 7 = 14
4(4c + 1) = 68
9 = 5p − 11
Explanation:
which of the following correctly describes myoglobin's special function in muscle tissue? a. synthesizes atp b. breaks down glycogen; c. synthesizes creatine d. produces action potentials e. acts as a reservoir for oxygen
The special function of myoglobin in muscle tissue is e. acts as a reservoir for oxygen.
In the field of biology, myoglobin can be described as a protein whose primary function is to store and then supply oxygen to the muscle cells when in need.
As we know, the muscle cells of the body require more oxygen when going through vigorous exercise activities. Hence, to meet the requirements of oxygen for muscle cells, myoglobin acts as a reservoir for oxygen and supplies it to the muscle cells of the body when in need.
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what is the effect of increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity on both heart rate and blood pressure?
Blood pressure, breathing, heart rate, and sweating all drop as digestion increases.
The hormone acetylcholine is released by the parasympathetic nervous (PNS) to slow the heart rate. Your heart rate may briefly increase due to stress, coffee, and excitement, but it may momentarily decrease due to meditation or deep, steady breathing. Patients with hypertension exhibit decreased parasympathetic activity in contrast to sympathetic stimulation activity, indicating an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems [39,40,41]. In diabetic individuals with impaired parasympathetic regulation, blood pressure, hypertension is more common. Construction of pupils is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The sympathetic branch is stimulated, which facilitates function and raises heart rate.
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Is this a scientific model? Use complete sentences to explain why or why not.
The diagram shown below is a water cycle diagram and it is scientific model because it represents a system of ideas, events or processes.
What is a scientific model?A scientific model is described as a physical and/or mathematical and/or conceptual representation of a system of ideas, events or processes.
Scientific models are very important as they are used to explain and predict the behavior of real objects or systems and are used in a variety of scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to ecology and the Earth sciences.
The water cycle in its own modelling describes how water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation.
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if rna polymerase can transcribe the dystrophin gene at an average rate of 43 nucleotides a second, how long does it take to transcribe the entire gene? use two decimal places for the answer.
If RNA polymerase can transcribe the dystrophin gene at an average rate of 43 nucleotides a second, the time taken to transcribe the entire gene will be 32.29 hours approximately.
In the question, it is given that the dystrophin gene is of the size 2.5 mega-base.
Now, 1 mega-base = 10⁶ base pairs.
Also, 1 base-pair = 2 nucleotides.
Therefore, the total nucleotides in the dystrophin gene will be
= 2.5 × 10⁶ × 2
= 5 × 10⁶ nucleotides.
Since 43 nucleotides take 1 second to be transcribed.
1 nucleotide will take 1/43 seconds.
Hence, 5 × 10⁶ nucleotides will take = (5 × 10⁶) / 43 seconds.
Converting, it into hours = (5 × 10⁶) / (43 × 3600) hours.
Thus, the total time taken is 32.29 hours.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
The size of dystrophin gene is 2.5 mega-bases. If RNA polymerase can transcribe the dystrophin gene at an average rate of 43 nucleotides a second, how long does it take to transcribe the entire gene? Use two decimal places for the answer.
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what would happen if the food quality varied and the prey were not able to assimilate large quantities of defensive compounds?
It is possible to measure bottom-up links with flow webs, top-down linkages with ingestion/production webs, and trophic position using the secondary production of species in multi-species assemblages.
Who are the food consumers?The organisms that eat the producers are the principal consumers.. They are numerous and often modest in size. Herbivorous animals are the main consumers (vegetarians). The organisms known as secondary consumers are carnivores that consume the prime consumers.
What kind of connection exists between a food product and a product?The relationship between the consumer and the food product is fundamental to the growth of food products, so it is crucial that it be taken into account at every stage of the process of changing eating habits. Understanding the consumer/product interaction can be done on three different levels: as an individual product, as a meal, and as an eating pattern.
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vince stains dna with a dna-binding dye. what suborganellar structures will become visible after staining?
The suborganellar structure that will become visible after staining is nucleoid.
In the field of biology, nucleoid can be described as a region inside the prokaryotic cell in which the DNA is present.
The prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus like the eukaryotes. Hence, the region where the genetic material of the prokaryotes is present is an irregular shaper structure referred to as the nucleoid.
When DNA is stained with a DNA-binding dye, the suborganellar structure that will become visible will be the nucleoid as it is the region where the DNA is present.
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Climate change can threaten the stability or even the existence of many
communities on Earth. Which of the following communities is most likely to
be threatened by climate change?
O A. Temperate deciduous forest communities
OB. Tropical rain forest communities
OC. Deep ocean communities
O D. High mountain communities
D. High mountain communities are most likely to be threatened by climate change.
What is climate change?
Long-term altercations in weather and temperature patterns are referred to as climate change. These changes might occur naturally, for instance through variations in the solar cycle. But since the 1800s, burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas has been the primary cause of climate change, which is mostly attributable to human activity.By trapping the sun's heat and increasing the temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions mostly produced by burning fossil fuels behave as a blanket over the planet.Methane and carbon dioxide are two examples of the greenhouse gases that are contributing to climate change. These result from using fuels like gasoline or coal to heat buildings, respectively. Carbon dioxide can also be released during logging and clearing land. Methane emissions are primarily produced by landfills for trash.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming is responsible for a number of extreme impact events, making mountain ecosystems particularly vulnerable to climate change.
As glaciers continue to recede, less water is available, which causes more erosion and landslides in mountainous regions. High mountains are considered "particularly temperature-sensitive locations," and there is data to suggest that temperatures are increasing more quickly at higher elevations.
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- in making the crude protein extract from your e. coli pellets: what role did alumina play? what role did the centrifugation step after the addition of alumina accomplish? (2 points)
In making of crude protein extract from your e. coli pellets, alumina play an important role .
What happens in purification process?The purification procedure consists of two separation techniques: ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography. In this purification, an extract of E. coli is first created from a frozen pellet of the E. coli mutant strain which produces b-galactosidase. The extract is made by by grinding them in a mortar and pestle with alumina.
After centrifuging, the supernatant is collected and used in the first fractionation step. The proteins in the crude cellular extract are fractionated by exploiting differences in protein solubility.
Ammonium sulfate is to increase the ionic strength of the extract solution. Precipitated proteins are removed from the solution by centrifuging them into a pellet. Fraction which has most b-galactosidase is fractionated by substrate affinity on a chromatography column to create other more fractions.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Compared to its surroundings, the concentration of solutes is low inside a cell. So, the cell is in a
v solution. A particular solute in
this cell uses energy for ts transport from the cell to its surroundings. This type of transport is called
As compared to its surroundings, the concentration of solutes is low inside a cell. So, the cell is in hypertonic solution. A particular solute in this cell uses energy for its transport from the cell to its surroundings. This type of transport is known as Active transport.
A hypertonic solution is the one where the concentration of solutes is more than the intracellular solute concentration. Therefore, the movement of water from inside of the cell to the outside. This causes the shrinkage of cell.
Active transport uses some form of energy to transport the molecules against their concentration gradient. This energy can be direct from ATP, called primary active transport. Or due to the coupled downhill transport of some other molecule, called secondary active transport.
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some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. these pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms high on the food chain because of which process?
Organisn high on the fod chain because of Biomagnification process.
Biomagnification is the accumulation of a chemical through an organism from water and food publicity that consequences in a attention this is greater than might have resulted from water publicity only and accordingly extra than predicted from equilibrium.
Biomagnification occurs whilst poisonous chemical substances, like DDT, whose remains within the environment are consumed in a roundabout way by organisms thru meals. Whilst an organism within the higher meals chain consumes the decrease organism containing such chemicals, the chemicals can get gathered within the better organism.
Biomagnification is vital in toxicology because it offers data concerning the amount of pollutants in an area and might deliver clues to disruptions to populations and ecological groups.
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Passive transport, such as osmosis and facilitated diffusion, ________
require energy. (does/does not)
Answer:
I think the answer (does not).
Explanation:
I hope this helps.
Here´s more to the answer:
Passive transport is a naturally occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to expend energy to accomplish the movement.
how long does it take for a fertilised human egg cell to develop into a fully formed baby?
Answer:40 weeks
Explanation:
Within 24 hours of fertilization, the zygote (two combined gametes) begins to divide into many cells. Within 8 weeks of pregnancy, the embryo is now a fetus, and the total development time from a zygote to a fully formed fetus is 40 weeks, typically.
what do each of the genes involved in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (mody) have in common?
The genes involved in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) have in common that they each play a role in metabolism of glucose, or insulin action and release.
What is metabolism?The group of chemical processes in organisms that maintain life is known as metabolism. The three primary functions of metabolism are the transformation of food's energy into cellular energy, the synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and certain carbohydrates, and the removal of metabolic wastes. Organisms may grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and react to their environments thanks to these enzyme-catalyzed processes.
What do you understand by MODY?MODY, which stands for "Maturity-onset diabetes of the young," was previously known as Type 2 diabetes in adults because of how similar it behaved to Type 2 diabetes in young people. MODY is distinct from the juvenile form of diabetes in that it restricts the body's ability to manufacture insulin (Type 1 Diabetes).
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the genes involved in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) have in common that they each play a role in metabolism of glucose, or insulin action and release.
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describe what happens during crossing over and what the benefits are of producing genetically diverse offspring.
Using the theories of crossing over, we got that producing genetically diverse off spring benefits species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
Crossing over is exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which actually results in new allelic combinations in the daughter cells.
Each diploid cell contains two copies of every chromosome, one derived from maternal gamete and the other from paternal gamete. These pairs of chromosomes, are derived from one parent, are called homologous chromosomes. When the diploid organisms undergo sexual reproduction, they first produce haploid gametes through meiosis.
Hence,the benefits of producing genetically diverse offspring by crossing over is that it benefits species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
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which situation would be the most likely result of a mutation in a eukaryotic organism that causes it to produce less p21 protein than normal?
Mutation in a eukaryotic organism is most likely to cause destruction of cells with radiation-induced DNA which leads to production of less p21 protein.
Mutation refers to the process of producing diversity in characteristics by altering the genetic sequence. The alteration may include deleting, inserting or simple rearranging of chromosomes.
Eukaryotic organisms are organism that have their nucleus clearly defined and protected by a nuclear membrane.
When these types of organisms go through the process of mutation, the DNA of cells in which radiation is induced get damaged, this destruction is continued throughout the cell cycle and damaged DNA is not repaired. This causes the division of cells to be slower than usual because now the organism will produce lesser p21 protein.
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homologous structures multiple choice have fully divergent functions. are only shared by organisms of the same genus. are also called analogous structures. are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent. have identical functions.
Homologous structures are : d)often shared by organisms in the same line of descent. Hence d) is correct option.
What are homologous structures?Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor but features are completely different are called Homologous structures. Example for homologous structures are the limbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats.
Homologous structures are body parts of organisms that have same anatomical features, therefore, indicating a common ancestor or developmental origin. They can share the same trait but they do not have the same function. Some examples are: the forelimbs of the bats and of humans are homologous structures.
Homologies are traits present in more than two organisms that are inherited from the common ancestor of those particular organisms.
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occasionally, a bismuth preparation is added to the treatment regimen for duodenal ulcers. what are bismuth's effects against h. pylori organisms.
H. pylori is resistant to bismuth's antimicrobial properties.
What kind of infection is H. pylori?In addition to ulcers, H pylori bacteria can also cause persistent stomach inflammation (gastritis) or damage to the upper part of the small intestine (duodenitis). A uncommon form of stomach lymphoma or stomach cancer can also occasionally develop as a result of H pylori.
How do you feel after having H. pylori?Only 20% of persons with the infection exhibit symptoms. A dull or scorching stomach ache, unintentional weight loss, and bloody vomiting are all symptoms. Antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor regimens are frequently used to treat ulcers brought on by H. pylori.
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which hormone pathway is represented by cells in the body that are able to both receive hormone stimulation and secrete the hormone to receptive neighboring cells?
Autocrine pathway is represented by cells in the body that are able to both receive hormone stimulation and secrete the hormone to receptive neighboring cells.Autocrine is one of the hormone pathway
Cells communicate with other cells through extracellular messenger molecules. These molecules can travel near or far from the cells that produce them. In fact, there are molecules that can travel throughout the body, meaning over great distances from the source.
Types of hormon pathway
- Autocrine, meaning that the cell that produces the messenger molecule also has receptors for the messenger molecule and responds to the cell itself, which in turn can activate or inhibit the cell.
- Paracrine means that the messenger molecule travels a short distance through the extracellular space to another cell not far from the cell that produces the messenger molecule. Why is it just so close.It could be because the molecule is unstable, degraded by enzymes, or bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM).
- Endocrine, meaning messenger molecules can travel long distances and these molecules travel through blood vessels. These endocrine molecules are often referred to as hormones.
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what are disruptive, directional and stabilizing selection and which is most likely to lead to speciation? what are examples of each?
Natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored is Directional, in which extreme values of trait are favored over intermediate is disruptive and which favors stabilized phenotype is stabilizing selection.
Directional Selection
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, the seminal 1859 work by the English biologist and scientist Charles Darwin, was the first to identify directional selection as a type of natural selection.
According to the directional selection theory, an extreme phenotype—a set of features or characteristics—is preferred to other phenotypes, and as a result, the allele frequency—the frequency with which a gene variant appears in a population—shifts over time in favor of the extreme phenotype. In other words, a feature will manifest itself in the population with the highest frequency if it is favorable.
Giraffe neck lengths serve as an illustration of directed selection. Because they could reach more food in the trees, giraffes with longer necks were favored by the environment's selection pressure. At the same time, giraffes with shorter necks faced selection pressure. Both long and short necks are extreme phenotypes, but due to selection pressure over time, the long neck phenotype predominated; that is, this characteristic in giraffes moved in favor of long necks.
Stabilizing Selection
Stabilizing selection is also referred to as "middle-of-the-road" selection since it favors a non-extreme characteristic over one of the two extreme ones. Plant height is an illustration of this. Short plants may not receive enough sunlight in a population of plants, and towering plants may sustain wind damage. This causes a decrease in the number of very tall and very short plants and an increase in medium-height plants. Stabilizing selection is thought to be the most prevalent method of natural selection because most features do not change significantly over time.
Human birthweight and bird egg production are two other instances of stabilizing selection (clutch size). Human babies' birth weights keep within a range because newborns with extremely low birth weights have a lower chance of surviving and those with extremely high birth weights can cause difficulties during delivery that endanger both the mother and the baby's lives. There is a maximum number of eggs that can be laid by a certain bird species in a clutch. The clutch should contain just the right number of eggs to protect it against disease and/or predators, but not too many that the parent(s) will have trouble feeding.
Selective Disruption
Natural selection of this kind favors extreme features in a population and is bimodal. For instance, some pollinators in a population of plants will visit the tallest plants, while another species will visit the medium-height plants, and a third species will favor the lowest plants. Natural selection would favor tall and short plants, the two extreme phenotypes, and remove the pollinator that favors medium-height plants, causing medium-height plants to become less common.
The size of the beaks of finches on the Galapagos Islands, which Darwin observed, is a more well-known illustration of disruptive selection. Finches with large and small beaks (no finches with medium-sized beaks) were preferred on certain of the islands because the bulk of seeds discovered there was either huge or small.
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The function of hemoglobin is to carry ________ from the lungs throughout the body.
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
It carries Oxygen in your red blood cells to other things in your body such as your organs and tissue, then it goes back to your lungs. If that makes sense to you. Hope this helps. :)))
which of the following observations tells a scientist that the organism she is observing is a eukaryote? group of answer choices the organism has ribosomes the organism has a membrane bound nucleus the organism is unicellular the organism has a cell membrane
Answer: organism has a membrane bound nucleus.
Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which has nuclear membrane & in prokaryotic cells DNA is not contained in a membrane bound nucleus it is simply in a region of the cell called the nucleoid.
specific gravity indicates: a) the amount of blood in the urine b) the amount of water in the urine c) the amount of dissolved substances in the urine d) the amount of acid in the urine
Specific gravity indicates the amount of dissolved substances in the urine.
What is urine?As it travels through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney, urea, along with water and other waste products, creates the urine. both ureters. From the kidneys to the bladder, urine travels through these tiny tubes. The excretory organs remove some additional, frequently poisonous compounds from the circulatory fluids and expel them from the body through urine, which is a liquid or semisolid solution of metabolic wastes. Urine often reflects an organism's needs for water in terms of composition.
What is specific gravity?The difference between an object's density and that of a standard substance is its specific gravity. Depending on its value, the specific gravity might indicate whether an object will float or sink in our reference substance. A laboratory test called urine specific gravity reveals the concentration of all chemical particles in the urine.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that specific gravity indicates the amount of dissolved substances in the urine.
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( will give brainliest and 5 stars)which of the following terms best describe meiosis? select four that apply
The four terms that best describe meiosis are gametes, 4 cells produced, independent assortment and genetic variation.
The type of cell division that takes place in sexually-reproducing organisms is called meiosis. In this process, a single gametic cell undergoes division twice to form four daughter cells, each containing only half the genetic information of the parent cells.
Recombination between the gametes i.e., exchange of genetic material between them, occurs in Prophase 1 of meiosis, which gives rise to genetically varying cells. The chromosomes then move to opposite poles and segregate independently of each other to form gametes and this process is called independent assortment.
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Label the following diagram
The macromolecule that is shown in the image is an amino acid.
What is the macromolecule?We know that a macromolecule is the kind of molecule that is composed of many units. The units that are contained in the molecule are the ways that the molecule can be able to be combined so as to give a larger molecule.
In the case of the molecule that is shown in the image in the question, we can see that the compound must be an amino acid because it has the amino group and the carboxyl group as we can see here.
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a researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the endomembrane system. she notices the golgi apparatus is not receiving any proteins and that it is not able to ship any proteins. what part of the endomembrane system was probably affected by this new drug?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is that part of the endomembrane system which is probably affected by this new drug
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in several metabolic activities. It produces steroids, phospholipids like those found in plasma membranes, and lipids. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is overproduced in cells that emit these substances, such as cells in the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands.
Proteins obtained from the ER are further processed and sorted in the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, where they are eventually transported to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. As was already mentioned, the Golgi apparatus also produces sphingomyelin and glycolipids.
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the way light hits organisms in the open ocean impacts how easily both predators and prey can see each other. having darker dorsal pigmentation and lighter ventral pigmentation is called what?
Having darker dorsal pigmentation and lighter ventral pigmentation is called countershading.
Many animals have countershading, which is characterised by a darker dorsal surface and a brighter ventral surface. Many people believe that the dorsoventral pigment polarity is an adaptive colouring for camouflage. In contrast, genetic colour polymorphism in terrestrial animals results in the frequent occurrence of noncountershaded (melanistic) morphs within a species.
Although it may also improve thermoregulation or provide UV protection, this dorsoventral pigment polarity is ecologically explained as an adaptation for camouflage through the concealment of self-shadow and/or background matching.
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using your knowledge of genetics, study the pedigree. how certainly does this pedigree rule out the possibility that the woolly hair trait is recessive? for instance, if the woolly hair trait were autosomal recessive, then each affected individual would have to be homozygous. answer the question: is there any instance in this pedigree?
No there is no chance that an affected individual could not possibly be homozygous and thus the disease may be autosomal recessive.
The majority of cases of keratoderma with woolly hair are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that each cell's two copies of the affected gene are mutated. Woolly Hair is a rare congenital abnormality of the scalp hair that affects non-black people and manifests as tightly coiled hair in a specific area of the scalp or covering the entire side. Woolly hair that is isolated or localised is typically benign and unrelated to other conditions or complications.
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