This is a typical current draw for a starter motor on a v-6 engine, according to technician B.
What does a starter motor do?The starter motor is in charge of starting the engine during ignition and permitting the rest of the process. The starter motor engages and turns the engine over when the ignition is turned on, allowing the engine to inhale air. The starter is positioned low to the ground near the rear of the engine in a front-engine layout. The starter requires a strong electric current, which it obtains from the battery through thick wires. It cannot be turned on with a typical hand-operated switch since it needs a large switch to handle the enormous current. Labor costs should also be taken into consideration; they can range from $150 to $1,000. Costs for new starters might range from $80 to $350. A replacement starter for a typical vehicle costs about $500. It looks that your mechanic is billing you at the going cost for this service.
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how does energy industry meet their compliance goals?
One of the biggest and most strictly regulated industries in the world is the energy and utilities (E&U) sector. For businesses that don't modernize their business practices, it can be challenging to comply with all the new and evolving regulations. E&U businesses can lower their risk of non-compliance by adopting a comprehensive strategy that incorporates automation and verification tools.
The Energy industry:
Let's begin by taking a look at some of the definitions and current trends in the energy sector. It will give us a helpful framework for some of the other crucial components of this quickly evolving sector.
What is it?
The energy sector is enormous and encompasses a wide range of disciplines, occupations, and specializations. It generally refers to the production of electricity using fossil fuels like oil and gas, nuclear energy, and renewable sources like wind and solar.
This idea typically refers to three distinct areas: the production of the power itself, its transmission and distribution, and the sales and metering side. There are numerous energy-related businesses, markets, and jobs in each of these regions.
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which three gauges or indicators are the most important to be aware of? coolant temperature gauge, oil pressure gauge, and high beam indicator fuel gauge, oil pressure gauge, battery voltage gauge coolant temperature gauge, oil pressure gauge, and battery voltage gauge fuel gauge, coolant temperature gauge, and battery voltage gauge
Your three gauges will be: Oil pressure, battery voltage, and a coolant temperature indicator are all included.
What gauges to install in car?Your three gauges will be: Boost Gauge. Oil Pressure Gauge A wideband gauge for the air/fuel ratio.The oil pressure gauge is the most crucial device in the car. A mechanical gauge is the instrument of choice for the majority of racecars. There are many different mechanical gauges available, but one thing to think about is the gauge's overall range.The speedometer and fuel gauge are the two most used gauges. This is because (clearly, we hope) staying aware of your speed is essential to maintaining both your safety and compliance with the law. The speedometer used to be connected to a cable that went into the gearbox box.To Learn more About three gauges Refer To:
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A resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac source. What is the phase angle between the voltages of the inductor and capacitor in this rlc circuit?.
The phase angle is 180°.
A resistor, inductor, and capacitor are connected in series to an AC source.
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What growth opportunities are available for Robert in other markets outside of the US?
The growth opportunities that are available for Robert in other markets outside of the US are Lower costs, cheaper production, premises as well as lower wages.
What is growth in international marketing?Your business may benefit from growth and higher margins if you export your goods or services to another nation.
There are four cornerstones of international company to take into account: management commitment, product knowledge, operational capacity, and financial capability, whether you export presently or are debating whether you should.
Therefore, The basis is commitment. The general consensus is that you either go all in or you don't. Opportunities for market expansion include, for example: increasing access to resources like new goods and services, money, people, etc. greater productivity in the workplace. Improved customer service and a change in the consumer experience. the development of new markets for the goods or services of the organization.
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See full question below
Expanding Into International Markets by Robert Burrus. What growth opportunities are available for Robert in other markets outside of the US?
when a load resistor is connected across a voltage divider output, the output voltage increases. group of answer choices true false
When a load resistor is connected across a voltage divider output, the output voltage increases is false.
What is load resistor?
Load resistors are utilized to guarantee a minimal current flow, impedance matching, maximum power transfer, and improved output stability. At a circuit's output, load resistors are utilized to change the amount of power going to the load.
A resistor serving as a load is known as a load resistor. Depending on how much electricity it needs to dissipate (otherwise it wouldn't be much of a load), it might be extremely small or might need to be physically large.
*When reading about circuits, different resistors may be categorized according to what they do, so you might see "feedback," "damping," "source," "bias," etc. resistors.
Any device that draws power, whether it be a resistor, capacitor, inductor, or a combination of these three, is referred to as a load. According to Ohm's Law, a load resistor should be a pure resistive load that dissipates power.
[tex]P = I^2 \times R[/tex]
and
[tex]P = \frac{V^2}{R}[/tex]
where P stands for power lost, I for current, V for voltage, and R for resistance, expressed in ohms.Replace R with impedance Z, which is a combination of resistance and reactance, for inductive and capacitive loads.
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The three gorges dam is rated at 22.5 gwe maximum output. if its generating efficiency is 90% and its head is 81 m, what is the rate of flow (in kg/s) of water through its turbines at maximum output? use e for exponent; for e.g. 3x10^8 should be written as 3e8.
Answer is given by a diagram attached :
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an office space is 75 ft wide by 100 ft long and 10 ft high. the indoor conditions are 75 f and 24% rh, and the outside conditions are of and saturated (100% rh). the space is designed for 50 people. the infiltration rate estimated to be 0.75 ach. calculate the sensible heat loss due to ventilation and infiltration.
The correct answer is 75ftwide by100 ft long and 10ft high the sensible heat loss due to ventilation and infiltration.
Air movement inside a structure and air exchange with the outside, whether planned or unintentional, are referred to as ventilation and infiltration, respectively. They are both crucial factors to take into account when designing healthy buildings that also reduce heat loss. Infiltration is the unintended or accidental entry of outside air into a structure, most commonly through openings in the building's exterior and doors used as passageways. Air leakage is another name for infiltration. Exfiltration is the planned or unintentional loss of interior room air from a structure. A mechanical ventilation system moves air in and out using one or more electrical blowers and occasionally a ducting system.
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(10 pts.) a cylindrical rod 500 mm (20.0 in.) long, having a diameter of 12.7 mm (0.50 in.), is to be subjected to a tensile load. if the rod is to experience neither plastic deformation nor an elongation of more than 1.3 mm (0.05 in.) when the applied load is 29,000 n (6500 lbf), which of the four metals or alloys listed below are possible candidates? justify your choice(s).
Only Brass and Steel are the possible candidates .
Calculation :
no plastic deformation : σ<σγ :
σ = F/Aо = 6500lbs/π(0.50in / 2)² = 6500/0.196in² = 33100 psi
Thus, at this stage, only the aluminum, brass, and steel still qualify. But, we must still satisfy the elongation restriction, with DL £ 0.05 in. under the 6500 lb. load. This must mean that a particular upper limit on the strain is required, which must mean a lower limit on the Young's modulus:
∈ = δ max / Lо = 0.05in/20in = 0.0025in
With the stress already determined, we can take stress over strain and find a desired Young's modulus, and compare this desired modulus to the actual ones available on the list:
E = σ/∈ = 33.100 psi / 0.0025 = 13.2 x 10^6 psi.
Since the strain is a maximum, the elasticity modulus, E, must be a minimum. By looking at the table, we see that of the three alloys left, only brass and steel satisfy both the criteria.
What is Young's modulus ?A solid material's tensile or compressive stiffness when a force is applied lengthwise is measured by a mechanical characteristic known as Young's modulus E, also known as the Young modulus or the modulus of elasticity in tension or compression (i.e., negative tension). It is calculated using the formula and describes the relationship between axial strain (proportional deformation) and tensile/compressive stress in the linear elastic zone of a material.Despite being named after the British scientist Thomas Young who lived in the 19th century, Leonhard Euler first proposed the idea in 1727. Giordano Riccati, an Italian physicist, conducted the first tests that utilized Young's modulus in its current form in 1782, 25 years before Young's original study. The Latin root word modus, which meaning measure, is where the word modulus comes from.Learn more about Young's modulus refer :
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a steam power plant operating on the simple ideal rankine cycle is considered. the heat input into the cycle is 2728 kj/kg, and the heat output is 2018 kj/kg. determine the thermal efficiency of this cycle.
The average temperature at which heat is fed to the cycle is raised, increasing the Rankine cycle's thermal efficiency. lowering the typical temperature at which the cycle rejects heat.
Power plants that employ coal or nuclear energy frequently use the Rankine cycle, also known as the Rankine Vapor Cycle. A fuel is used in this mechanism to generate heat in a boiler, turning water into steam that expands via a turbine to provide useful work. The Rankine cycle's efficiency is lower than that of a Carnot cycle operating between the same maximum and minimum temperatures because the mean temperature at which heat is provided is lower than the maximum temperature,
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A signal was acquired at 200 hz and the spectrum showed a peak at 70 hz. no anti-aliasing filter was used. find the 5 lowest possible frequencies that the original signal may have.
f1 = 70 Hz
f2 = 130 Hz
f3 = 270 Hz
f4 = 330 Hz
f5 = 470 Hz
There are many answers to this scenario. Please post yours and comment what you like about others and how you might improve them.
The Acme Company has two offices. They would like you to help them address their network. Like all companies, they want to account for growth, but want a simple, organized addressing scheme. They have been assigned the range of 201.11.10.224/29 for public access. Their VLAN needs are below for each site.
The 201.11.10.224/29 address has only 8 total addresses. That's not even going to cover the first subnet. This is a component of IPv4 and limited addresses. So, we can use Network Address Translation (NAT) on the router limiting the 201.11.10.0 addresses to the outside of network and use private addresses internally. What are the private address ranges? (Hint: They are in Module 11.3.1). Pick one and use that to address the scenario.
Document how you would address the network and communicate it to Acme leadership.
Walla Walla Office (HQ)
Management (10 devices)
Accounting (25 devices)
IT (30 devices)
Production (100 devices)
Seattle Office
Management (10 devices)
Accounting (25 devices)
IT (15 devices)
Production (50 devices)
Network address translation between Walla Walla and Seattle is the optimum network method for this.
What is Network Address Translation?Network address translation is a technique for translating one IP address space to another by altering network address information in packet IP headers while they are in transit through a traffic routing device.
The NAT (network address translation) is originally established to limit the number of public IP addresses used by major corporate businesses or companies, hence preserving both IP address conservation and protection.
There are several devices within the community that need to be protected from the outside world, thus the NAT permits private IP addresses to connect to the outside world.
As an example, designating a public handle to a set of HOST/gadgets inside an inside community/corporation.
Remember that a host or device in an inner network with a private IP address, say (192.168.1.11), wishes to interact with an internet server on the internet ( outside world ). Now, NAT will convert this non-public IP address into a public IP address (for example, 1.12.1.1) that is known to everyone.
So, the web server recognizes this precise public IP and returns its outcome to this deal with (1.12.1.1), after which it routes to the vacation spot, where the NAT converts it once more to the private IP deal with and sends the outcomes to the desired device in the non-public network.
As for a corporation's local network, there are numerous non-public IP with one public IP denoting all of them), so the result now, obtained via one of the devices in that network
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If C1= 20 micro farad and CW= 10 micro farad are connected in series in a simple electric circuit,then find the total capacitance
The total capacitance of the given electric circuit is 30 microfarad.
Define capacitance.
The ability of a physical thing or equipment to store electric charge is known as capacitance. The capacitance is quantified by the ratio of those values, which represents the change in charge in response to a variation in electric potential.
When an earthed conductor is moved close to a conductor, its capacitance increases, which is how capacitors operate. The capacitor, therefore, contains two parallel plates that are spaced apart by a certain amount of gap and oriented in opposing directions. The formula C=Q/V is used to determine a capacitor's capacitance based on its charge, Q, and its voltage, V.
Solution Explained:
Given, C1 = 20microfarad and CW = 10 microfarad
Since they are in series,
Total capacitance = C1 + CW = 20 + 10 = 30microfarad
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discuss why pressure tests of pressurized tanks such as steam boilers, pipes and tanks including gases such as nitrogen, air, oxygen, etc. with high pressure are carried out hydrostatically by using liquids such as water and hydraulic oil.
The reason that pressure tests of pressurized tanks such as steam boilers, pipes and tanks including gases such as nitrogen, air, oxygen, etc. with high pressure are carried out hydrostatically by using liquids such as water and hydraulic oil is because some of them are very volatile such as oxygen and can explode and as such the use of hydrostatic solvent can reduce its temperature.
Why do you use nitrogen for pressure testing?The use of pressure tests is to ensure the integrity of equipment including pressure vessels, pipes, plumbing lines, gas cylinders, boilers, and fuel tanks, pressure tests are a non-destructive option. The piping codes demand that it be verified that a piping system can support its rated pressure and is leak-free.
Nitrogen is free from many of the issues that come with utilizing air or water for pressure testing because it is inert, odorless, and has a low moisture content. Additionally, thanks to portable nitrogen generators, nitrogen is perfect for testing in a range of places.
Tanks and pipes are subjected to hydrostatic pressure testing to check for leaks. A hydrostatic test is carried out by pressurizing the vessel or piping under test, filling it, and then checking for changes in the pressurization level.
Note that there is the district cooling or district heating systems, by performing a pressure test. In addition to ensuring proper operation, this kind of examination will enable us to identify any leaks in a specific pipe so that repairs may be completed.
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A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy having a plane strain fracture toughness of 45 MPa√m (41 ksi√????????) is exposed to a stress of 1000 MPa (145,000 psi). Will this specimen experience fracture if it is known that the largest surface crack is 0. 75 mm (0. 03 in. ) long? Why or why not? Assume that the parameter Y has a value of 1. 0. (
The value was calculated to be 927 MPa. There will be fracture in the specimen. Fracture is the medical term for a break, usually in a bone.
When a bone is broken and pierces the skin, the fracture is considered open or complex. Slips, trips, and sports injuries are common causes of fractures. Other concerns include osteoporosis, which weakens the bones, and low bone density. A shattered bone is known as a fracture, also referred to as a crack or break. A bone may fracture in a number of ways, either completely or partially (crosswise, lengthwise, in multiple pieces).
Calculate the critical stress for brittle fracture.
Given that the critical stress is 927 MPa and that fracture toughness is equal to (fracture toughness / (y * surface crack)) = 45 / (1) = 927 MPa, the following is true: The fracture will occur.
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technician a says that most engine oems recommend priming full flow oil filters following an oil change. technician b says that failure to prime a full flow oil filter following engine lube service may damage the turbocharger when the engine is started. who is correct?
Answer:
The correct answer is that both the technician a oil filter and b about turbocharger are correct.
Explanation:
The outside of the oil filter is a metal can with a sealing gasket that allows it to be tightly held against the engine’s mating surface. The engine’s oil pump moves the oil directly to the oil filter, where it enters from the holes in the perimeter of the base plate. The dirty oil is passed (pushed under pressure) through the oil filter media and back through the central hole, where it re-enters the engine.The buildup is transferred away from the highly stressed components by the engine oil filter, which prevents temperatures from rising to a point where the construction materials would soften or the turbo would completely mechanically collapse. The turbocharger can be completely destroyed in a matter of seconds if the engine oil supply is even briefly interrupted while the engine is operating at high speed.
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you are on a job site and observe wall forms that are constructed of light, rigid foam insulation. a coworker explains that the wall forms will remain as part of the wall system after the concrete is poured and cured. what is the name commonly used for this type of wall?
a simply supported beam has a length of 1.2 m. the cross section has a width of 140 mm and height of 240 mm. the weight density of the beam is 5.4 kn/m3 . calculate the maximum permissible value of the load p if (a) the allowable bending stress is 8.5 mpa, and (b) the allowable shear stress is 0.8 mpa.
The results of the calculations are (a) P = 37.97 kN and (b) P = 35.62 kN.
The surface won't be cut if you press the flat section of the knife against the fruit. The force is dispersed over a wide area.
Using the parameters and figure provided in the problem, we have:
A = b*h = 0.14*0.24 = 0.0336 m^2
S = (b*h^2)/6 = (0.14*0.24*0.24)/6 = 0.001344 m^3
q = 5400*0.0336 = 181.44 N/m
(a) The load P at 8.5 MPa = 8.5*106 Pa (allowable bending stress)
σ = M/S
M = *S thus equals 0.001344*8.5*106 = 11424 Nm.
Aside from that
M = (P*L/4) + (q*L^2)/8
11424 = (P*1.2/4) + (181.44*1.2^2)/8
11424 = 0.3*P + 32.6592
P = (11424-32.6592)/0.3 = 37.97 kN
(b) If (allowable shear stress) = 0.8 MPa, then the value of P is equal to 0.8*106 Pa.
(2*A*τ/3) = P/2 + q*L/2
(2*0.0336*0.8*10^6)/3 = P/2 + 181.44*1.2/2
17920 = P/2 + 108.864
P = (17920 - 108.864) * 2 = 35.62 kN.
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briefly describe the simplest continuous-cooling heat treatment procedure that would be used in converting a 4340 steel from one microstructure to another. (a) (martensite ferrite bainite) to (martensite ferrite pearlite bainite) (b) (martensite ferrite bainite) to spheroidite (c) (martensite bainite ferrite) to tempered martensite
The quickest continuous-cooling heat treatment process needed to transform the 4340 steel's martensite, ferrite, and bainite combination
Explain about the heat treatment?To accomplish the desired outcome, such as hardening or softening, heat treatment includes heating or cooling to extremely high temperatures.
Heat treatment is the procedure of heating metal without allowing it to reach its molten, or melting, stage, followed by a controlled cooling to choose desired mechanical qualities. Metal is subjected to heat treatment in order to increase its strength, malleability, abrasion resistance, or ductility.
Annealing, hardening, quenching, and stress relief are examples of common heat-treating techniques. Each one has a special procedure that yields a range of outcomes.
Through a heating and cooling procedure, heat treatment is frequently used to change or reinforce the structure of materials. Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals can use it.
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QUESTION 8
Per the Machinery's Handbook, close-fitting bushings in drill jigs may increase
holes.
wear
friction
heat
damage
on the drill and cause swarf to plug up the drill
Answer:
Explanation:
heat
a certain stress sensor is mounted on an aircraft wing that is subject to periodic wing gusts. the stress can be approximated by a sinusoidal function (i.e. sine wave) ranging from 3,313 kpa to 5,371 kpa at a frequency of 6 hz. determine the average stress value in kpa. (provide the answer using 2 decimal places).
average stress value in kpa with a 6 hz frequency and 5,371 kpa of pressure. 4,342
What does the term "sinusoidal function" mean?
A function that is based on the sine function, a periodic function that oscillates smoothly between high and low values, is referred to as a sinusoidal function. Since the cosine function is simply a horizontal shift of the sine function, sinusoidal functions can also be built on it. A function that describes some occurrence is a mathematical model. Since sinusoidal functions are periodic, they can be utilized as models for objects that display periodic behavior. In some applications of periodic phenomena, however, the concept of frequency is utilized in place of the period.
Explanation
y (+)= A0 + Bsin (wt)
A0= 5371 +3,313/2 =4,342
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assume if the shear stress in steel exceeds about 4.00 108 n/m2 the steel ruptures. (a) determine the shearing force necessary to shear a steel bolt 0.95 cm in diameter. your response differs from the correct answer by more than 10%. double check your calculations. n (b) determine the shearing force necessary to punch a 1.60-cm-diameter hole in a steel plate 0.450 cm thick.
The diameter is the distance along the circle's circumference that separates two locations on its edge. A 0.038 x 109 N shearing force is applied.
Explain about the Diameter?Any straight line segment that traverses a circle's centre and has its ends on the circle is said to have that circle as its diameter. It is also known as the circle's longest chord. The diameter of a sphere can be defined using either of the two methods.
It is an important circular measurement. In fact, it is one of the characteristics that distinguishes circles. The diameter is a measurement of the circumference of a circle taken from rim to rim through its center.
Calculate the area of a 0.95 cm diameter circle.
A = πr²
If A is not present, A = (0.95 cm/100 cm)2 =0.0095m
Increase this by the specified shearing stress.
Shearing force = (4 x 10x8 N/m2)(0.0095)
0.038 x 109 N shearing force
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refrigerant 134a is the working fluid in a solar power plant operating on an ideal rankine cycle. saturated vapor at 60 oc enters the turbine, and the condenser operates at a pressure of 6 bar. the rate of energy input to the collectors from solar radiation is 0.4 kw per m2 of collector surface area. determine the solar collector surface area, in m2, per kw of power developed by the plant.
The solar collector surface area, in m2, per kW of power developed by the plant is [tex]25.3 m^2/kW[/tex].
1. T1=[tex]60 ^{0}[/tex]C
H1=275.99 kJ/Kg (Enthalpy for saturated vapor [tex]60^{0}[/tex]C)
Hfg=137.42 kJ/Kg
2. P2= 6 bar
T2=21.58 C ( temperature of sat. liquid 6 bar)
H2=259.19 (enthalpy of sat. liquid 6 bar)
From the above conditions, the power generated can be found.
Wt.=H1-H2=275.99-259.19=16.8 KW )
3.After condensing:
T3=21.58 C
P3= 6 bar
4. After pump:
T4=21.58 C
the power required by the solar collector to bring the temperature of the fluid up to 60 C and vaporize the fluid :
W=CpT + [tex]H_{fg}[/tex]
Cp= 0.857 KJ/kg
[tex]H_{fg}[/tex]=137.42
W=0.857x(60-21.58) + 137.42=170.35 KW
Area required:
A=[tex]170.35 kw/0.4 KW/m^2[/tex]
A=[tex]425.86 m^2[/tex]
Area/Power generated= A / Wt=[tex]425.86 m^2/16.8 KW[/tex]
Area/Power generated=[tex]25.3 m^2/KW[/tex]
What is solar radiation?Solar radiation often referred to as solar energy or simply sunlight, is the general term for electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. Solar radiation can be captured and converted into useful forms of energy such as heat and electricity using various technologies.
Solar radiation produces heat, light and energy that all living organisms need. Infrared radiation provides heat to all habitats both on land and in water Without solar radiation, the earth would be about 32°C colder 25. Solar radiation provides the heat and light necessary for life on earth.
TYPES OF SOLAR RADIATION
Direct solar radiation. Diffuse solar radiation. Reflected solar radiation.To learn more about solar radiation, refer;
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Two Liquids, A and B, are mixed. A is 5% solids, the rest is water. B is 11% solids; the rest is water. To the mixture is added 18.5 kg of bone-dry solids resulting in a mixture of 2,150 Kg containing 8.25% solids. What were the original amounts of the liquids A and B? Show all work
The original amounts of the liquids A and B based on the information will be 1260kg and 872kg.
What is an equation?An equation is the statement that illustrates that the variables given. In this case, two or more components are taken into consideration to describe the scenario. It is vital to note that an equation is a mathematical statement which is made up of two expressions that are connected by an equal sign.
Based on the information given, let us call the liquids illustrated as A and B, while the weight is in kg.
The first equation is the amount of solids and this will be represented thus:
0.05A + 0.11B + 18.5 = 0.0825(2150) = 177.375
0.05A + 0.11B = 158.875
5A + 11B = 15887.5
The second equation will be represented thus:
A + B + 18.5 = 2150
Collect like terms
A + B = 2150 - 18.5
A + B = 2131.5
Multiplying the equation will be:
6B = 5230
Divide through by 6
6B / 6 = 5230 / 6
B = 872 kg
Therefore, A will be 1260 kg.
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If 500j of work is required to carry a charge from one point to another through a potential difference of 20v what is the magnitude of the charge
fairings are attached to the front and back of a cylindrical body to make it look more streamlined. what is the effect of this modification on the (a) friction drag, (b) pressure drag, and (c) total drag? assume the reynolds number is high enough so that the flow is turbulent for both cases.
The correct answer is (a) friction drag . therefore the correct option is the option (b).
Friction drag, also referred to as skin friction drag, is resistance felt by an object traveling through a fluid as it comes into contact with its surface. It grows with the square of the velocity and is exactly proportional to the area of the surface in contact with the fluid. For connected flows (where there is no separation), frictional drag is significant and is correlated with the exposed surface area. For separated flows, pressure drag is crucial, because it is correlated with the body's cross-sectional area. The air blowing directly above the Earth experiences frictional drag.
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consider a cylindrical titanium wire 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) in diameter and long. assuming that the deformation is totally elastic, its elongation (in mm or m) when is under a load of 500 n is:
The elongation is: 6.87 * 10⁻⁶ m
Complete Question:
Consider a cylindrical titanium wire 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) in diameter and 2.5 Ã 104 mm (1000 in.) long. Assuming that the deformation is totally elastic, its elongation (in mm or m) when is under a load of 500 n is:
Diameter of the titanium wire = d = 0.12 in = 3.0 mm = 0.003 m
Length, L = 1000in = 104 mm = 0.0104 m
Load/Force applied = F = 500 N
Elongation is change in length ΔL
Stress on the wire = Force/Area
F = 500 N
A = π (d/2) ² = π (0.003/2) ²
A = 7.069*10⁻⁶ m²
Stress = 500 N/7.069x10⁻⁶ m² = 70.731x10⁶ N/m2
Stress = 0.0707 GPa
Now, the Young's modulus for Ti = 107 GPa
Young's modulus = Stress/Strain
Strain = 0.0707/107
Strain = 0.000660
Now,
Strain = ΔL/L
ΔL = 0.000660x0.0104
ΔL = 6.87 * 10⁻⁶ m
Hence the elongation is 6.87 * 10⁻⁶ m
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a) find the state-space representation of the system. b) is the system controllable? why? c) is the system observable? why
If a controlled input can transfer (alter) the control system's initial states to some other desired states in a finite amount of time, the control system is said to be controllable.
Using Kalman's test, we can determine whether a control system is controllable. The evolution model for the state variables (time-varying unknowns) and the observation model, which connects the observations to the state variables, make up the state space representation of a dynamical system. The capacity to move a system about in its full configuration space using just specific permitted actions is generally referred to as controllability. The precise definition changes slightly depending on the model type or framework used.
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to prevent cables from being damaged by drywall screws or nails, a is installed. select one: a. wire tie b. steel plate c. mud ring d. sleeve
Steel plate is installed to protect cables from being damaged by drywall screws or nails.
How to protect cables?
Armouring is offered which contain of one or two layers of galvanized steel wire or steel tape. Its goal is to prevent the cable from mechanical injuries while laying it or handling it.
Type of protection tools act as a protection agent and avoid us from many electrical damages. Commonly, these tools remove fire hazards and electrocution. Protection tools useful for the protection of circuits. Usually, this protection is caused by extreme voltage or current. A cable guard has function to cover an ethernet cable, a TV cable, a power cable, or any other kind of electrical cable available.
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7. what will be stronger: a blend of stainless steel and copper powder that is compacted and sintered, or a stainless steel powder that is compacted, sintered, and infiltrated by copper?
When considering all blended, compacted, sintered and infiltrated components, the components that are made from infiltrated parts have no porosity. These infiltrated parts are the strongest ones among the remaining processes. Hence, the stainless steel components which are powdered, compacted, sintered, and infiltrated by copper are the strongest.
What is Stainless steel?
Steels that include at least 10.5% chromium, less than 1.2% carbon, and other alloying elements are known as stainless steels. Other elements, such as nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, manganese, etc., can be added to stainless steel to further improve its mechanical and corrosion resistance.
Sintered steel alloys are increasingly being used in mechanical parts. However, the better mechanical and corrosion-resistant qualities needed for sintered materials can be obtained by lowering porosity. The copper infiltration technique is effective here.
A measured quantity of copper-base alloy is spread over the surface of a porous ferrous compact during the copper infiltration process. The two components are then sintered at a temperature (>2000°F), causing the copper alloy to melt and flow through capillary action into the porosity of the ferrous compact. After the cooling process is finished, the copper alloy permanently solidifies inside the ferrous framework.
The infiltration procedure increases density, seals the sintered components, and makes the part corrosion resistant. The mechanical properties (hardness, toughness, strength, etc.) are also enhanced by this process.
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a tidal power plant has a pool area of 26 km2 . the tide has a range of 8.5 m. how much energy (kwh) is generated in one cycle of filling and emptying the tidal impoundment, if the turbinegenerator efficiency is 75%?
3.676 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] kWh of energy generated in one cycle of filling and emptying the tidal impoundment.
Energy generated in one filling (or emptying) process is
Energy = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] ρgA([tex]R^{2}[/tex] – [tex]r^{2}[/tex]), Joules
Where,
ρ = density of sea water = 1025 kg/[tex]m^{3}[/tex]
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
A = basin area = 26 km2 = 26 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
R = minimum head for turbine operation = 3m
E = 1/2 x 1025 x 9.81 x 26 x 106 x 135 J
= 1,76,46,963.75 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J
= (1,76,46,963.75 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex]) / (1000 x 3600) kWh
= 4.901 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] kWh
But the theoretically available tidal energy in one filling process has to be multiplied by 73% or 0.73 to get actual energy generated by the turbine generator.
Therefore, actual energy generated, [tex]E_{actual}[/tex]is given by
[tex]E_{actual}[/tex] = 75% of [tex]E_{theoretical}[/tex]
= 0.75 x 4.901 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex]
= 3.676 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] kWh
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