Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS). In MS, the myelin sheath, which is the protective covering surrounding the nerve cells, is destroyed.
This disrupts the ability of nerve cells to communicate with each other, resulting in the disruption of nerve impulses. The areas of the neuron that are especially affected are the myelin sheath, the axons, and the dendrites. The myelin sheath is the most affected, as it is the most vulnerable to attack by the immune system. The axons, which transmit electrical signals, are also damaged, resulting in decreased nerve impulse conduction. Finally, the dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons, may also be affected, leading to decreased communication with other neurons. Thus, MS can affect all parts of the neuron, resulting in the slowing down of nerve impulses.
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in the sense of alternation of generations, how many generations are included in a mature pine seed?
In the sense of alternation of generations, there are two generations included in a mature pine seed: the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generation.
The sporophyte generation is the dominant phase in the life cycle of the pine seed, and is characterized by the presence of a multicellular, spore-producing structure, such as a cone or a seed. This structure contains the mature sporophytes, which produce the male or female gametophytes through meiosis.
The gametophyte generation, in turn, is characterized by the presence of tiny, single-celled structures called gametes, which are specialized for reproduction. These gametes eventually give rise to the next generation of sporophytes.
The alternation of generations is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle of many plants, including pines, and is crucial for their survival and reproduction. The presence of two generations, each with distinct characteristics and functions, allows for efficient production and dispersal of offspring, ensuring the continuation of the species over time.
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Neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called options:a. phagocytosis. b. passive transport.c. pinocytosis. d. facilitated diffusion.
The correct choice is a. Cells eat and disintegrate particles, such as bacteria and other cells, through a process called phagocytosis.
As it aids in defending the body from external intruders, it is an essential part of the immune system. As part of the process of phagocytosis, the particles must first be recognized, then they must be bound to, then they must be engulfed, and ultimately they must be digested and discarded. In order to defend themselves, cells like white blood cells employ a process called phagocytosis to take in and digest foreign substances like bacteria and viruses. Innate immune responses to infection, such as phagocytosis, are crucial because they assist in removing and destroying invasive microorganisms.
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which of the following is true of neurons? group of answer choices they usually have several axons. each has only one axon. they all have the same number of dendrites. they are all remarkably similar in size.
Each neuron typically has only one axon, which can branch out into multiple axon terminals to communicate with other neurons or muscle cells.
So the correct option is: "Each has only one axon."
While neurons come in a wide range of sizes and shapes, they all share certain fundamental features, such as a cell body (soma) containing the nucleus, dendrites that receive input from other neurons, and an axon that transmits output to other neurons or muscle cells. However, the number and shape of dendrites, as well as the length and branching of the axon, can vary widely depending on the specific function and location of the neuron within the nervous system.Neurons are specialized cells that are responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous system. They use electrical and chemical signals to communicate with one another and with other cells in the body.
The cell body, or soma, of a neuron contains the nucleus and other cellular machinery necessary for protein synthesis and energy production. Dendrites, which are typically highly branched, receive input from other neurons and can be thought of as the "input" side of the neuron. The axon, which is typically a long, thin projection that extends from the cell body, transmits output to other neurons or muscle cells and can be thought of as the "output" side of the neuron.
Axons can range in length from a few millimeters to over a meter, depending on the location of the neuron within the nervous system. Some neurons have only a single axon, while others can have multiple axons that branch out to communicate with different cells. However, each individual axon is typically responsible for transmitting signals to a single target, whether it be another neuron or a muscle cell.
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what abnormal growths make tissue can be cancerous or benign?
An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should can make tissue cancerous and benign.
A cyst can form in any part of the body, including bones, organs and soft tissues. Most cysts are noncancerous (benign), but sometimes cancer can cause a cyst. Whereas a tumor is any abnormal mass of tissue or swelling.
Tumors can form throughout the body. They can affect bone, skin, tissues, glands and organs. Neoplasm is another word for tumor.
Your body is constantly making new cells to replace old or damaged ones that die off. Sometimes, the cells don’t die off as expected. Or, new cells grow and multiply faster than they should. The cells start to pile up, forming a tumor.
Tumors affect people of all ages, including children. Factors that increase the chances of developing a tumor include:
Gene mutations (changes), such as mutated BRCA (breast cancer) genes.Inherited conditions, such as Lynch syndrome and neurofibromatosis (NFS).Family history of certain types of cancer like breast cancer or prostate cancer.Smoking, including exposure to secondhand smoke.Exposure to toxins like benzene or asbestos.Previous radiation exposure.Viruses like HPV.Having obesity.To know more about cancer, click here:
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conditions that produce acute renal failure by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue (either the glomerulus or the renal tubules) are classified as .
Conditions that produce acute renal failure by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue, either the glomerulus or the renal tubules, are classified as intrinsic or intrarenal acute kidney injury.
An abrupt loss in kidney function brought on by direct injury to the kidneys is known as intrinsic or intrarenal acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure. Identifying and addressing the kidney injury's underlying cause is a key component in treating intrinsic acute kidney injury.
These conditions may include kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, or interstitial nephritis, as well as toxic substances such as medications, contrast dyes, or heavy metals. Intrinsic acute kidney injury is characterized by a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and impaired tubular function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood and electrolyte imbalances.
The complete question is:-
conditions that produce acute renal failure by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue (either the glomerulus or the renal tubules) are classified as _________.
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what will happen to the freshwater fish if you place it in sea water?
Due to the difference in salinity and osmotic pressure, freshwater fish will probably perish if placed in sea water. Large African lakes are home to the bulk of species.
A freshwater fish may face a variety of physiological and osmotic stresses in saltwater or seawater that might be detrimental or even lethal. Freshwater fish have evolved to be able to retain a higher concentration of salts and other solutes in their bodies than the water around them, allowing them to survive in habitats with lower salt concentrations than saltwater. In seawater, the fish may lose water and take in too much salt, which can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and other problems that may finally result in death. As a result, it's crucial to make sure fish are exclusively kept in settings that mimic their natural habitat.
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Phylogenetics relates organisms to one another based on genetic distance that increases with evolutionar time. This principle requires the use of what kind of genes in order to give accurate relationships?
Neutral DNA markers must be used in investigations if scientists are to gain an accurate assessment of phylogenetic relationships.
A phylogenetic tree is a tool used by scientists to depict the connections and evolutionary paths among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a type of diagram that shows the evolutionary links between different kinds of living things.
Phylogenetic approaches can be broadly divided into two categories: character-based methods and distance-based methods.
A phylogenetic tree's branching pattern illustrates how many species or other groups developed from a number of common predecessors. In trees, two species are more closely related if they share a recent common ancestor and less closely related if they do not.
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what has lead to the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria?
Overuse of antibiotics, has lead to the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
The Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but misuse of antibiotics in humans is one of the main reasons.
This resistance does not depends upon the age
The mutations which happen in the gene of bacteria which causes disease even after antibiotics their role is to pass these genes along to their descendants and this is how antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are formed.
disadvantage of antibiotic resistant bacteria is that now it may leads to higher medical costs, longer hospital stays, and increased death rates.
even after new medicine development the threat will still exists,
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Classify each feature as describing euchromatin, heterochromatin; Or both. Euchromatin Both Heterochromatin A) is a state of DNA organization B) inaccessible to transcription machinery C) found in prokaryotes D) is accessible to transcription machincry E) is the major state of the human chromosomc F) is tightly packed G) is looscly packed H) is the major slate of most genes
Based on the given features, the classification of euchromatin, heterochromatin, or both is: is a state of DNA organization , B) inaccessible to transcription machinery , C) found in prokaryotes: Euchromatin is not found in prokaryotes
D) is accessible to transcription machinery: Euchromatin is accessible to transcription machinery.
E) is the major state of the human chromosome: Euchromatin is the major state of the human chromosome.
F) is tightly packed: Heterochromatin is tightly packed.
G) is loosely packed: Euchromatin is loosely packed.
H) is the major state of most genes: Euchromatin is the major state of most genes.
In summary, euchromatin and heterochromatin are both states of DNA organization, but they differ in their accessibility to transcription machinery and their level of compaction. Euchromatin is loosely packed and accessible to transcription machinery, making it the major state of most genes. Heterochromatin, on the other hand, is tightly packed and inaccessible to transcription machinery, serving a role in gene silencing and chromatin condensation.
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Please help
1.Substitute synonyms for these words
Allegiance, Republic, Indivisible, liberty justice
2. Rewrite the pledge of allegiance using the synonyms
what protects neurons and glia from bacterial toxins, infectious agents, etc., and maintains the composition and balance of ions in the interstitial fluid?
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects neurons and glia from bacterial toxins, infectious agents, etc., and maintains the composition and balance of ions in the interstitial fluid.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialised structure that protects neurons and glia from bacterial toxins, infectious agents, and other potentially harmful substances while also regulating the composition and balance of ions in the brain's interstitial fluid.
The BBB is a selective barrier formed by the densely packed endothelial cells that line the walls of blood vessels in the brain. Tight junctions connect these cells, preventing molecules and ions from freely diffusing between the bloodstream and brain tissue. Furthermore, endothelial cells are surrounded by astrocyte foot processes, which strengthen the barrier and regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and brain tissue.
The BBB is highly selective, allowing only certain molecules to pass through, such as oxygen, glucose, and amino acids, while blocking others, such as large proteins, toxins, and infectious agents. This selective permeability is critical for maintaining the proper chemical environment in the brain, which is required for neurons and glia to function properly.
The BBB is also important in maintaining the ion balance in the brain's interstitial fluid, which is necessary for proper neural function. The BBB, for example, aids in the maintenance of proper levels of potassium and sodium ions in the brain, which are required for nerve impulse transmission.
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What part of the neuron carries the action potential and is the main source of output?
A. axon
B. synapse
C. dendrites
D. nucleus
A neuron is prompted to transmit an impulse along its axon when this threshold is crossed; this impulse is known as an action potential. Thus, option A. Axon is the correct answer,
Information travels through the entire human body on neurons. They assist in coordinating all of life's crucial functions by using electrical and chemical signals. Neurons and describe how they function. In essence, both internal and exterior events are detected by our nerve systems, which then decide how to respond and change the state of our internal organs (such as changing our heart rate). Finally, they assist us in remembering and reflecting on what has happened. Utilizing neurons, a highly advanced network, it accomplishes this. The lengthy axon that extends from the soma carries information to neighboring cells. This represents the cell's "output". Several synapses attaching to the dendrites of additional neurons are how it usually ends.
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mention two organelles operate partially autonomously in the cell and share many similarities with bacteria?
Chloroplasts and mitochondria function somewhat independently within cells and resemble bacteria in many ways.
Are bacteria dangerous?The majority of the bacteria are not harmful, however some can be harmful. Pathogens include the germs in question. Micro - organisms that can produce disease are called pathogens. They can multiply swiftly within your body and release toxins that can spread infection.
What roles do bacteria play?To name a few functions, the microorganisms in our systems help break down the food we eat, assist us access nutrients, and neutralise toxins[7]; [8]. They also contribute significantly to the fight against diseases by shielding colonised surfaces from invasive bacteria. [8]; [9].
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The overall equation for photosynthesis can be written as:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy
C₂H₁2O6 + 60₂
Look at the equation. Can you think of a way to measure the rate of photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by measuring the rate at which oxygen gas is produced during the process of photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar). This process takes place in chloroplasts, which are specialized organelles found in plant cells.
The equation of photosynthesis is given below:
6 CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy ---> C₂H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
The rate of photosynthesis can be measured by monitoring the rate of production of oxygen or the rate of consumption of CO₂.
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when maxwell realized he forgot to study for his psyc 102 exam, he became nervous and his heart rate increased. this is due, in part, to the activation of his blank 1 nervous system.
Increases sympathetic nervous system activity (fight - flight response) of his nervous system.
The sympathetic nervous system's primary actions include expanding blood vessels, raising blood pressure, contracting muscles, releasing sweat from sweat glands, widening bronchi to allow for greater oxygen exchange, and contracting the heart, all of which aid in the body's preparation for emergency situations. EXAMPLES. The sympathetic nervous system causes physiological changes such as increased heart rate, expansion of bronchial passageways, decreased large intestine motility, dilation of pupils, and perspiration. The paraventricular nucleus is the primary hypothalamic region for the central regulation of the autonomic nervous system, which is controlled by the hypothalamus.
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recalling your knowledge of the function of organelles, what function of the cells was interrupted in these patients? could this loss of function lead to the death of these individuals? why or why not? given the data in the autopsy, were there any reports that seemed inconsistent with the immediate cause of death?
These patients experienced an interruption in cellular respiration. Because cellular respiration produces energy, which the body needs to carry out other tasks, this could result in death.
Although oxygen was present in these individuals' bodies, it was unable to take electrons from the ETC because cyanide was blocking it. While oxygen was present in normal amounts, it was unable to fulfil its purpose, making it unavailable to the patients, who perished as a result. Cyanide's harmful effects are primarily caused by the termination of aerobic cell metabolism. The ferric ions cytochrome oxidase three in the mitochondria forms a reversible bond with cyanide. By preventing the conversion of oxygen to water, this essentially stops cellular respiration.
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Keeping in mind the events of each part of the cell cycle, mark with a double arrow on Model 1
where those cells might (either temporarily or permanently) exit the cell cycle to G. Label this as
G. Why did you choose this location for Go? Hint: Think of a place in the cell cycle where the
cell is functioning normally, but not preparing to divide.
The G0 phase, also known as quiescence or senescence, is a state that cells can enter temporarily or permanently after exiting the cell cycle. A cell is metabolically active while in the non-diving state of the cell cycle known as G0.
Explain the cell cycle.Chromosomes and other cell components duplicate to create two copies of themselves over the course of the cell cycle, which consists of a number of phases. Following this, the cell divides into two daughter cells, distributing one copy of the duplicated material to each.
Why is the cell cycle called that?The cell cycle is comparable to the life cycle of a cell. In other words, it is a sequence of events in a cell's growth and development that occur between its "birth"—formation through the division of a mother—and maturity.
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lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi andi. mosses.ii. cyanobacteria.iii. green algae.iv. gymnosperms
Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and photosynthetic organisms, which can be either green algae or cyanobacteria. So, the correct options are (iii) green algae and (ii) cyanobacteria.
Lichens are extraordinary organisms that outcome from a symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms like green algae and cyanobacteria.
The relationship between these two types of organisms is mutualistic, meaning that both the fungal partner and the photosynthetic partner benefit from the association.
Green algae and cyanobacteria are the two fundamental sorts of photosynthetic organisms that can shape symbiotic relationships with parasites to make lichens.
Green algae are photosynthetic organisms that are usually tracked down in aquatic conditions and are known for their capacity to create oxygen through photosynthesis.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause infections in broken skin. A single S. aureus cell gets into a wound on someone's foot. An S. aureus cell divides by binary fission approximately every 30 minutes. S. aureus has 2.8 x 106 base pairs in its genome. Mutations occur at a rate of 1 per 1010 base pairs per generation. Therefore, approximately 0.0028 mutations will occur per cell in the population. At the end of 12 hours, how many mutations will be present in the population of S. aureus in the wound on the foot?__________________
At the end of 12 hours, .0336 mutations will be present in the population of S. aureus in the wound on the foot.
Generation produced in 12 hours
12*60/30 = 24 generations.
Mutation in 1 generation is - .0028
Mutation after 12 hours - 12* .0028 = .0336
In most cases, an infection can be prevented by the skin and mucous membranes. S. aureus, however, could infect underlying tissues or the bloodstream if these defences are broken (for example, skin damage from trauma or mucosal damage from a viral infection). It is generally accepted that Staphylococcus aureus divides over three successive division cycles in three alternating orthogonal planes. The molecular mechanism ensuring this geometry of division has remained elusive despite the fact that this mode of division was proposed more than 40 years ago. 14
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) reproduces by binary fission, a process in which the daughter cells do not completely separate from the parents and cells group together. S. aureus is a frequent component of the skin microflora on humans, particularly in the nose.
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The above question is incomplete. Check complete question below
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause infections in broken skin. A single S. aureus cell gets into a wound on someone's foot. An S. aureus cell divides by binary fission approximately every 30 minutes. S. aureus has 2.8 x 106 base pairs in its genome. Mutations occur at a rate of 1 per 1010 base pairs per generation. Therefore, approximately 0.0028 mutations will occur per cell in the population. At the end of 12 hours, how many mutations will be present in the population of S. aureus in the wound on the foot?
A .0336
B .0219
C .7891
D .0267
neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called
The correct answer is option is option A. phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process by which neutrophils absorb and consume foreign particles like bacteria and other microbes.
The neutrophil cell initially bonds to the microbe or particle during this step. The cell membrane is then momentarily extended as a pseudopod to enclose the particle.
The particle is subsequently transported inside the cell when the pseudopod and cell membrane merge. The particle is subsequently digested by enzymes inside the cell's vesicle, a bubble-like compartment produced by the cell membrane.
The immune system has to go through this process to protect itself from infection since it gets rid of foreign substances that can harm the body.
Complete Question:
Neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called
A. phagocytosis.
B. passive transport.
C. pinocytosis.
D. facilitated diffusion.
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the _______ of the mitochondrion contains the proteins making up the _______ that carry out electron transport.
The inner membrane of the mitochondrion contains the proteins making up the electron transport chain.
The mitochondrion is a complex organelle that plays a crucial role in cellular respiration and energy production. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded and specialized, forming cristae, which increase the surface area for energy production. The electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes, is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This chain is responsible for transferring electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, creating a proton gradient across the inner membrane. The energy generated from the electron transport chain is used to produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. In summary, the inner membrane of the mitochondrion contains the proteins that make up the electron transport chain, which plays a crucial role in energy production.
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What does a clade consist of a common?
A clade is made up of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
What is a clade?A clade is a term used in biological classification to describe a group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants. The common ancestor is often referred to as the clade's "last universal common ancestor" (LUCA) and can be thought of as the point at which the lineage splits into two distinct groups. The descendants of the LUCA may have evolved different characteristics and adaptations over time, but they all share a common ancestry and are part of the same clade.
Clades are important for understanding the relationships between different groups of organisms and their evolutionary history. By grouping organisms based on their shared ancestry, researchers can better understand the patterns and processes of evolution and how different traits and characteristics have evolved over time.
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As the earth , heavier elements such as and nickel moved to the center of the earth. This was the beginning of the layers of the earth with the outer layer being covering the magma
Answer:
That is correct. The heavier elements such as iron and nickel sank to the center of the earth due to its higher density and gravity, forming the core. This created layers of the earth with the outer layer, or crust, covering the magma.
Explanation:
A farmer wants to breed only grey peacocks since he can sell them for more money than regular peacocks. What is the BEST question to ask to determine the effects of breeding the grey peacocks?
What kind of food do the grey peacocks need for healthy breeding?
Are there risks of negative traits being passed on when breeding grey peacocks?
Can the farmer make enough money breeding only grey peacocks?
Will the grey peacocks be more aggressive than the regular peacocks?
The best question to ask to determine the effects of breeding the grey peacocks is: Are there any negative health effects associated with breeding only grey peacocks?
How is breeding of peacock done?Breeding of peacocks involves the mating of a male peacock with a female peahen. During the breeding season, the male peacock displays its ornate feathers to attract a mate. The female peahen selects a male based on the quality of his display, and the pair mate. After mating, the female peahen will lay a clutch of eggs, which will hatch after about a month. The resulting offspring will inherit genetic traits from both parents. Breeders may also use selective breeding techniques to produce desired traits in their peafowl, such as the gray coloration in the example you mentioned earlier.
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which of the following situations is a potential consequence of a phospho-mimetic mutation (mimic phosphorylation) in lamin a? a: nuclear envelope does not assemble properly b: protein import into the nucleus is blocked c: protein export is blocked d: cell division is blocked e: transcription is blocked
Option E: transcription is blocked.
Lamin A is a protein component of the nuclear lamina, which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the nucleus and regulating gene expression. Phosphorylation of lamin A is a key regulatory mechanism that can influence its function in the nucleus. A phospho-mimetic mutation in lamin A can prevent proper transcription of genes by inhibiting the activity of certain transcription factors, which can lead to various cellular dysfunctions. None of the other options listed are direct consequences of a phospho-mimetic mutation in lamin A. Pre-lamin A/C or lamin A/C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNA gene. Lamin A/C belongs to the lamin family of proteins.
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A nerve fiber is a ______ elongated process, usually an axon or a peripheral process. A) single. B) double. C) triple. D) quadruple.
A nerve fiber is a single elongated process, usually an axon or a peripheral process. Numerous hereditary and acquired neurological conditions that affect both peripheral and central neurons can cause axon malfunction.
Action potentials, or electrical impulses, are often carried away from the nerve cell body by an axon, a long, slender projection on a vertebrate nerve cell or neuron. (View other spellings.) Information is sent by axons to various neurons, muscles, and glands. In some sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and temperature, the electrical impulse travels down these afferent nerve fibres from the cell body to the periphery as well as along another branch of the same axon from the cell body to the spinal cord.
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the energy produced during respiration is stored in the form of ------ molecules
Answer: ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate)
Explanation:
Energy produced during respiration is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules.
Answer:
Final Answer: The energy released during respiration is stored in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
(20 points) In which stage of the Calvin cycle does the plant cell produce energy for storage?
In the Regeneration stage of the Calvin cycle does the plant cell produce energy for storage. So, the correct option is A.
What is Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle is defined as a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrying compounds into glucose.
Regeneration is the second stage of the Calvin cycle where 3-PGA molecules created through carbon fixation are converted into simple sugar - glucose molecules that obtain energy from ATP and NADPH formed during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis .
Thus, in the Regeneration stage of the Calvin cycle does the plant cell produce energy for storage. So, the correct option is A.
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Answer:
The answer is reduction, which is the second stage of the Calvin cycle.
Explanation:
what evidence suggests that the changes were due to the transformation procedures you performed? 4. what advantage would there be for an organism to be able to turn on or o
The evidence that suggests that the changes were due to transformation procedures you performed is that the bacteria are growing in + plasmid LB broth.
The fact that bacteria grew in the ampicillin and + plasmid LB broth shows that the bacteria ingested the plasmid bearing the resistance gene. They would all have passed away if they hadn't. Also, the absence of growth in the - plasmid containing plates is proof that the plasmid interfered with bacterial development.
The resistant gene can be activated if ampicillin is present, allowing the bacteria to fight against ampicillin's lethal effects. The gene can be turned off if the bacteria isn't present, though. This would enable cells to almost manage their own demise.
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Complete question is:
What evidence suggests that the changes were due to the transformation procedures that you performed?
What advantage would there be for an organism to be able to turn on or off particular genes in response to certain conditions?
which statements describe catabolic and anabolic reactions? select the two answers that are correct. catabolic reactions add chemical bonds and result in smaller molecules being built up into larger ones. catabolic reactions remove chemical bonds and result in larger substances being broken down into smaller ones. anabolic reactions add chemical bonds and result in smaller molecules being built up into larger ones. anabolic reactions remove chemical bonds and result in larger substances being broken down into smaller ones. catabolic reactions add chemical bonds and result in the formation of tissues and the enzymes used in digestion.
Catabolic reactions remove chemical bonds and result in larger substances being broken down into smaller ones. Anabolic reactions add chemical bonds and result in smaller molecules being built up into larger ones. Thus, the correct options are B and C.
What are Metabolic reactions?Metabolic reaction is the total sum of all the biological reactions which are taking place in any living cell, which are absolutely controlled by the biocatalysts, enzymes. These chemical reactions are of two types which include breaking down reactions, catabolism, e.g., cell respiration and synthesizing reactions, anabolism, e.g., photosynthesis.
Catabolic reactions are the chemical reactions which include removal of chemical bonds and results into larger substances being broken down into smaller substances, for example cellular respiration. Anabolic reactions are the chemical reactions which include addition of chemical bonds and result in smaller molecules being built up into larger ones such as photosynthesis.
Therefore, the correct options are B and C.
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