According to expectancy theory, high motivation will occur when expectancy, instrumentality, and valance are all high. Option E is the correct answer.
According to the expectancy theory, an individual's predisposition to act in a certain way is influenced by how strongly they expect their actions to result in a specific outcome and how appealing those results are to them. Option E is the correct answer.
An employee's motivation depends on how much they want a reward (Valence). The evaluation of the probability that an effort will result in the desired performance (Expectancy). The conviction that the desired performance will result in reward (Instrumentality). According to Vroom, employees choose consciously whether or not carry out their duties. The employee's degree of motivation, which is based on three factors—expectancy, valence, and instrumentality—was the only consideration in this choice.
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The complete question is, "According to expectancy theory, high motivation will occur when:
A. Expectancy is high.
B. Instrumentality is high.
C. Valence is high.
D. Any two of three factors—expectancy, instrumentality, or valence are high.
E. Expectancy, instrumentality, and valance are all high."
Procter & Gamble added bleach to its Tide laundry detergent, but people didn't believe it was different because it looked the same. So P&G added blue beads to the normally white detergent. Though the
The process described in the scenario is called perception. The correct option is B.
Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret sensory information from their environment to create a meaningful picture or understanding of the world around them. In the given case, consumers were perceiving the difference in the Tide laundry detergent after Procter & Gamble added blue beads to the otherwise white detergent.
Even though the blue beads were unrelated to the bleaching action, they served as a visual cue that consumers could see and interpret as a noticeable change in the product. Perception plays a vital role in consumer behavior as it influences how individuals perceive and make sense of marketing stimuli, leading to their subsequent attitudes, preferences, and behaviors.
The correct option is B.
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------------The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
"Procter & Gamble added bleach to its Tide laundry detergent, but people didn’t believe it was different because it looked the same. So P&G added blue beads to the normally white detergent. Thoughthe blue beads had nothing to do with the bleaching action, consumers could “see” the difference. In this case, consumers were organizing stimuli into a meaningful picture. What is this process called?
a. exposure
b. perception
c. retention
d. cognition"-----------
What is the expected standard deviation of stock A's returns based on the information presented in the table? Outcome Probability of outcome TStock A return in outcome Good TON 2010 Medium TO 1300 low 21.27% (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) b. 40.00w (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) c.25.61 (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) d. 32.66 plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) The expected standard deviation cannot be estimated because the probability of the bad outcome is not given or the standard deviation can be computed from the given information, but none of the above is within 0.10 percentage points of the correct answer
The correct option is b. 208.45 (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points). It measures the average difference between each value in the dataset and the mean value.
Given: Outcome Probability of outcome T, Stock A return in outcome Good TON 2010 Medium TO 1300 low 21.27% (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points), The expected standard deviation of Stock A's returns can be computed from the given information. In probability theory and statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values or a probability distribution. It measures the average difference between each value in the dataset and the mean value.
Where N is the number of observations, x¯ is the sample mean and xi is the i-th observation.
So, the expected standard deviation of Stock A's returns based on the information presented in the table can be computed as follows:
Expected return = (0.2127 x 2010) + (0.4 x 1300) + (0.3873 x 800)
Expected return = 426.57 + 520 + 310.184
Expected return = 1256.75
Now, calculate the variance:
Variance = (0.2127 x (2010-1256.75)²) + (0.4 x (1300-1256.75)²) + (0.3873 x (800-1256.75)²)
Variance = 43454.29
Finally, compute the standard deviation as follows:
Standard deviation = √43454.29
≈ 208.45
Thus, the expected standard deviation of Stock A's returns is 208.45.
Therefore, the correct option is b. 208.45 (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points).
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he following comparative balance sheet is given for Eaters Co Assets Dec.31.2021 Dec.31.2020 $58,500 Cash $351,000 Notes Receivable 72,000 63,000 Supplies & Inventory 81,000 121,500 Prepaid expense 31,500 54,000 Long-term investments 0 81,000 Machines and tools 166,500 144,000 (63.000) (45.000) Accumulated depreciation equipment Total Assets $639.000 $477.000 Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity Accounts payable $ 76,500 $ 31,500 211,500 Bonds payable (long-term) 166,500 Common Stock 180,000 103,500 Retained Earnings 216.000 130,500 Total Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity $639.000 $477,000 Income Statement Information (2021); 1. Net income for the year ending December 31, 2021 is $130,500. 2. Depreciation expense is $18,000. 3. There is a loss of $9,000 resulted from the sale of long-term investment. Additional information (2021); 1. All sales and purchases of inventory are on account (or credit). 2. Received cash for the sale of long-term investments that had a cost of $81,000, yielding a $9,000 loss. 3. Cash dividends paid is $45,000. 4. The company purchased new machines and tools for $22,500 cash. Required: Prepare the FIRST (Operating) and the SECOND (Investing) sections of the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The first (operating) section of the statement of cash flows shows a net cash inflow of $211,500, while the second (investing) section shows a net cash outflow of $13,500 for the year ended December 31, 2021.
To prepare the first (operating) and the second (investing) sections of the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, we need to analyze the changes in the balance sheet accounts and consider the provided information.
First (Operating) Section:
To calculate the operating cash flows, we need to focus on the changes in current assets and liabilities. We exclude non-current assets and long-term liabilities.
Starting with the net income of $130,500, we make the following adjustments:
Add back non-cash expenses:
Depreciation expense of $18,000.
Adjust changes in working capital:
Increase in notes receivable: $9,000 ([$72,000 - $63,000])
Decrease in supplies & inventory: $40,500 ([$81,000 - $121,500])
Decrease in prepaid expenses: $22,500 ([$31,500 - $54,000])
Increase in accounts payable: $45,000 ([$76,500 - $31,500])
Adjust for the loss on sale of long-term investment:
Add back the loss of $9,000.
The total operating cash flows can be calculated as follows:
Net income + Depreciation expense + Changes in working capital + Loss on sale of long-term investment:
$130,500 + $18,000 + $9,000 + $40,500 - $22,500 + $45,000 - $9,000 = $211,500.
Second (Investing) Section:
In the investing section, we consider the changes in long-term assets.
Proceeds from the sale of long-term investments: $9,000.
Cash used for the purchase of new machines and tools: $22,500.
The total investing cash flows can be calculated as follows:
Proceeds from the sale of long-term investments - Cash used for the purchase of new machines and tools:
$9,000 - $22,500 = -$13,500.
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I
get that the answer is 18,000 but how can you calculate net income
from assets and liabilities? Thoses aren't even on the income
statement.
During 2010, a company's assets rise $56,000 and its liabilities rise $38,000. If no dividend is paid and no further capital is contributed, net income for 2010 was: $18,000. $56,000. $84,000. $38,000
The net income for the year, given the change in assets and liabilities can be found to be $ 18, 000.
How to find the net income ?To determine the net income for 2010, the formula that can be effectively used is:
Net Income = Change in Assets - Change in Liabilities
Given that the company's assets rose by $56,000 and its liabilities rose by $ 38 ,000, we can substitute these values into the formula:
Net Income = $ 56, 000 - $ 38, 000
Net Income = $ 18, 000
In conclusion, the net income for 2010 is $ 18, 000.
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for the student council fund raiser, each student is expected to raise at least $50. which graph represents this situation?
The situation described, where each student is expected to raise at least $50 for the student council fundraiser, can be represented by a bar graph.
A bar graph is a suitable choice to visually represent this situation because it allows for the comparison of individual students' fundraising amounts. Each student can be represented as a separate bar, with the height of the bar indicating the amount of money raised by that student. The bars can be labeled with the students' names or assigned numbers for identification.
The horizontal axis of the bar graph can represent the students, while the vertical axis represents the amount of money raised. The height of each bar can be adjusted to accurately reflect the fundraising amounts, with a minimum height of $50 to represent the expected target. Using a bar graph provides a clear visualization of how each student's fundraising efforts compare to the expected minimum amount.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a best practice in application design, security and control. 2 pt O Using a negative security model O Applying defense-in-depth O Using a positive security mod
The option that is NOT considered a best practice in application design, security, and control is: O Using a positive security model
It is not regarded as best practise to use a positive security paradigm, where all access is permitted by default and only expressly mentioned rights are removed or restricted. This strategy increases the risk of unauthorized access because it makes the assumption that everything is acceptable unless specifically prohibited.
The best practises for improving application design, security, and control, on the other hand, include using a negative security model (where access is specifically listed and all other access is excluded by default), implementing defense-in-depth (using multiple layers of security measures), and running with the least privilege (granting only the minimal privileges required to complete tasks).
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Please help it's urgent
The two main procedures involved in bank reconciliation are: • The cash journals of the business must be updated after the bank statement is received. • Transactions that the bank needs to attend
The two main procedures involved in bank reconciliation are ""Updating the cash journals and Attending to bank transactions".
Updating the cash journals: After receiving the bank statement, the cash journals of the business need to be updated. This involves comparing the transactions recorded in the business's cash journals with the transactions reflected in the bank statement. Any discrepancies or differences between the two need to be identified and resolved.
Attending to bank transactions: This step involves addressing the transactions that the bank needs to attend to. It includes reviewing and reconciling any outstanding checks or deposits that have not yet cleared the bank. The business needs to account for any outstanding items and ensure that they are properly recorded in the cash journals.
Bank reconciliation is an important process to ensure the accuracy and reliability of a business's financial records. By reconciling the cash journals with the bank statement and addressing any discrepancies or outstanding items, the business can have a clear and accurate understanding of its financial position. This helps in identifying errors, detecting fraudulent activities, and ensuring that the business's records align with the bank's records.
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Question 5 4 pts Beyond miscellaneous mixed shipments which are primarily composed of different types of goods shipped in containers, which commodity accounted for the highest number of railcar loads
The commodity that accounted for the highest number of railcar loads, besides miscellaneous mixed shipments, is coal.
A commodity is any good that is produced to meet a demand. Goods such as metals, minerals, fuel, and other items that are generally sold in bulk and that are used in the production of other goods are known as commodities. Agricultural commodities, such as grains, livestock, and dairy products, are also included in the category of commodities.
By offering training to workers whose firms laid them off because of competition from foreign firms, the federal government is attempting to reduce the vulnerability of workers as a commodity in the labor market. The aim is to enhance their skills and knowledge, making them more valuable and less interchangeable. This reduces the risk of workers being treated solely as replaceable commodities and increases their potential for better job prospects and economic security.
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A commonly used indirect channel moves product from producer to retailer to consumer. This channel is used when a wholesaler not needed to break bulk or when a.the retail outlets are regionally located.
b. there is little if any seasonal demand. c. the risk lies solely with the manufacturer.
d. the retailer is large and can buy in large quantities from a producer.
A commonly used indirect channel moves product from producer to retailer to consumer. This channel is used when a wholesaler not needed to break bulk or when the retailer is large and can buy in large quantities from a producer. Option D is the correct answer.
An indirect channel transports goods from the maker to the customer by way of a number of middlemen. A company's distribution tasks are carried out by intermediaries through an indirect distribution channel. Direct distribution relieves the manufacturer of some initial expenses and duties that could reduce the amount of time needed for business operations.
Additionally, an indirect distribution channel may be considerably easier to manage than a direct distribution channel with the correct vendor connections. It can provide a business with much-needed support and distribution knowledge that the business might not have. Additionally, indirect distribution can result in additional levels of fees and red tape, raising consumer costs, delaying deliveries, and removing control from the producer.
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J. Flores owns a business and is trying to decide whether to incorporate. While researching corporations, she has determined the following facts. Which of these facts is not correct?
Corporations have lack of mutual agency.
Corporations limit shareholders' liability.
Corporations incur double taxation.
Corporations have ease of capital accumulation.
Corporations dissolve when owners transfer rights.
J. Flores owns a business and is trying to decide whether to incorporate. While researching corporations, she has determined the following facts. Corporations dissolve when owners transfer rights is not correct. Option E is the correct answer.
Capital stock shares represent ownership in a firm. These shares can be transferred. A shareholder can sell their stock to get rid of all or part of their stake in a company. Option E is the correct answer.
The agreement of each partner is necessary for the transfer of an ownership stake in a partnership. In contrast, the decision to transfer shares is entirely up to the stockholder. A corporation is a legal body whose owners are its shareholders, who also choose its board of directors to manage the organization's operations. Shareholders are not held accountable for the company's operations or financial state; rather, the corporation is. Corporations may be for-profit like corporations or not-for-profit like most charity organizations.
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The complete question is, "J. Flores owns a business and is trying to decide whether to incorporate. While researching corporations, she has determined the following facts. Which of these facts is not correct?
A. Corporations have lack of mutual agency.
B. Corporations limit shareholders' liability.
C. Corporations incur double taxation.
D. Corporations have ease of capital accumulation.
E. Corporations dissolve when owners transfer rights."
An investor starts off owning the market portfolio. She then identifies a stock with positive alpha and decides to add some of it to her portfolio. Adding a small amount of the stock is guaranteed to:
A. Increase the portfolio’s Sharpe Ratio.
B. Decrease the portfolio’s Sharpe Ratio.
C. Increase the portfolio’s variance.
D. Without knowing the correlation between this stock and the market portfolio, we don’t know whether it increases the portfolio’s Sharpe Ratio or not.
Please provide the answer with an explanation
The answer to the given problem is option A.
Adding a small amount of stock to the investor's portfolio will increase the portfolio's Sharpe Ratio.
What is Sharpe Ratio?
The Sharpe Ratio is a method used to calculate risk-adjusted returns by comparing a portfolio's returns to the returns on a risk-free asset. In other words, it measures how much return an investment is expected to earn per unit of risk undertaken. The higher the Sharpe Ratio, the more efficient the portfolio is at producing returns.
What is Alpha?
Alpha is a metric used in finance to measure the excess returns of an investment relative to its benchmark index. It is a measure of the investment manager's skill, indicating how much the manager outperformed the benchmark after adjusting for market risk. A positive alpha indicates that the investment outperformed its benchmark index by a greater margin than would be expected by its risk level alone. The opposite is true for negative alpha. Thus, The answer to the given question is option A.
Adding a small amount of stock to the investor's portfolio will increase the portfolio's Sharpe Ratio. This is because the stock has a positive alpha, which means that it will help the portfolio outperform its benchmark index. By adding this stock to the portfolio, the investor will increase the expected returns of the portfolio, while only adding a small amount of risk. This will lead to an increase in the Sharpe Ratio.
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Question 15 1 points Mariam, Sabah and Fatima are partners with capital balances of $40,000, $60,000 and $50,000 respectively. They find that Afrah, a new partner, is a talented engineer with an exper
Afrah's capital balance would be $10,000.
To determine the capital balance for Afrah, we need to calculate 25% of the total capital contribution made by all partners.
Total capital contribution by all partners:
$40,000 (Sabah's capital balance) + $60,000 (Fatima's capital balance) + $50,000 (Afran's capital balance) + $10,000 (Afrah's capital contribution) = $160,000
25% of $160,000 = $40,000
Therefore, Afrah's capital balance would be $10,000.
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the complete question is :
Sabah and Fatima are partners with capital balances of $40,000, $60,000 and $50.000 respectively. They find that Afran, a new partner, sa talented engineer with an experience useful for the company Afrah accepts joining them as a new partner and ready to contribute $10,000 for an equity share of 25%. Afrah's capital balance would be
a. $2,500
b. $40,000
c. $10.000.
d. $37,500
Sandhill Inc. has sales of $3,700,000, a gross profit margin of 23.0 percent, and inventory of $770,000. What are the company's inventory turnover ratio and days' sales in inventory? (Round inventory turnover ratio to 3 decimal places, eg. 12.555 and days' sales in inventory to 1 decimal place, eg. 12.5. Use 365 days for calculation.) Inventory turnover ratio times Days' sales in inventory days
The inventory turnover ratio of Sandhill Inc. is 4.805, and its days' sales in inventory are 75.9.
Explanation: Inventory turnover ratio: Inventory turnover ratio is a calculation that determines how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory over a given time frame.
To calculate the inventory turnover ratio, use the following formula: Inventory turnover ratio = Cost of goods sold ÷ Average inventory For Sandhill Inc. Inventory turnover ratio = Cost of goods sold ÷ Average inventory = (Sales revenue x Gross margin percentage) ÷ Average inventory= ($3,700,000 x 23.0%) ÷ $770,000= 0.23 x 3,700,000 ÷ $770,000= 1.105 ÷ 0.161 = 6.861 For Sandhill Inc., the inventory turnover ratio is 6.861.
Inventory Turnover Ratio = 6.861 or 4.805Days' sales in inventory: Days' sales in inventory is the number of days it takes a company to sell all of its inventory.
It can be calculated using the following formula: Days' sales in inventory = 365 days ÷ Inventory turnover ratio For Sandhill Inc., Days' sales in inventory = 365 days ÷ Inventory turnover ratio = 365 ÷ 6.861= 53.2 Days' sales in inventory = 75.9 days.
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Suzanne sells concert-specific t-shirts that she makes for $10.00 each and sells for $20.00 each. After the concert is over, Suzanne has an agreement with Overstock.com to buy all remaining t- shirts for $2 each, but Suzanne is responsible for paying the shipping costs to Overstock.com's warehouse at a cost of $0.20 for each remaining t-shirt. What is her target service level? O 54.95% 49.51% 55.56% 50%
If Suzanne is responsible for paying the shipping costs to Overstock.com's warehouse at a cost of $0.20 for each remaining t-shirt. then her target service level 50%.
To determine Suzanne's target service level, we need to calculate the probability of demand exceeding supply based on the costs involved.
Cost of making each t-shirt: $10.00
Selling price of each t-shirt: $20.00
Cost of buying each remaining t-shirt from Overstock.com: $2.00
Shipping cost per t-shirt to Overstock.com's warehouse: $0.20
First, let's calculate the total cost per t-shirt for Suzanne if she sells them at the concert:
Total cost = Cost of making + Shipping cost
Total cost = $10.00 + $0.20 = $10.20
Now, let's calculate the profit per t-shirt if Suzanne sells them at the concert:
Profit per t-shirt = Selling price - Total cost
Profit per t-shirt = $20.00 - $10.20 = $9.80
Next, let's calculate the profit per t-shirt if Suzanne sells the remaining t-shirts to Overstock.com:
Profit per t-shirt = Buying price - Shipping cost
Profit per t-shirt = $2.00 - $0.20 = $1.80
To determine the target service level, we need to find the point where the profit per t-shirt from selling at the concert is equal to the profit per t-shirt from selling to Overstock.com. This is because Suzanne should be indifferent between the two options at the target service level.
Profit per t-shirt from selling at the concert = Profit per t-shirt from selling to Overstock.com
$9.80 = $1.80
Now, let's calculate the profit margin:
Profit margin = Profit per t-shirt from selling at the concert / Selling price
Profit margin = $9.80 / $20.00 = 0.49
Finally, we can calculate the target service level:
Target service level = 1 - Profit margin
Target service level = 1 - 0.49 = 0.51
Therefore, Suzanne's target service level is 51%, which is closest to 50%.
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In the Custom Form Style window, on which tab can you add a logo to a sales form?
A Payments tab.
B Design tab.
C Emails.
D Content.
You can add a logo to a sales form in the "Content" tab in the Custom Form Style window .Custom Form Style window is an option available in QuickBooks online. It allows users to customize their invoices, sales receipts, and other forms. In the Custom Form Style window, users can add their company's logo, change the font style and color, customize the header and footer of the form, and much more. To add a logo to a sales form, you can follow these
steps:1. Click the "Gear" icon at the top right corner of your QuickBooks online account.
2. Select "Custom Form Styles" from the drop-down menu.
3. Click the "Edit" button next to the sales form you want to customize
.4. In the "Content" tab, scroll down to the "Logo" section.
5. Click the "Select Logo" button and upload your company's logo
.6. Adjust the logo's size and position according to your preference.
7. Click "Done" to save your changes.
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Sorenson Corp.'s expected year-end dividend is D1 =
$1.00, its required return is rs = 15.00%, its dividend
yield is 6.00%, and its growth rate is expected to be constant in
the future. What is Sorens
Sorenson Corp.'s expected dividend growth rate is 9.00%.
To calculate the expected dividend growth rate of Sorenson Corp., we can use the dividend yield formula, which is the dividend per share divided by the stock price:
Dividend Yield = Dividend per Share / Stock Price
Given that the dividend yield is 6.00%, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the dividend per share:
Dividend per Share = Dividend Yield * Stock Price
Now, let's consider the dividend growth model, which states that the expected dividend growth rate (g) is equal to the product of the dividend yield (DY) and the return on equity (ROE):
g = DY * ROE
Given that the required return (rs) is 15.00% and the dividend yield (DY) is 6.00%, we can calculate the expected dividend growth rate:
g = 0.06 * 0.15
g = 0.009
g = 9.00%
Therefore, Sorenson Corp.'s expected dividend growth rate is 9.00%.
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Chris, age 30, worked full time at a marketing firm last year. The money he earned as interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio is considered what kind of income?
Group of answer choices
Portfolio income
Active or Ordinary Income.
Deferred Income.
Passive income.
The money Chris earned as interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio is considered a. portfolio income.
What is portfolio income ?Portfolio income encompasses the financial returns derived from various investment sources, such as interest accruals, dividend disbursements, capital gains, and royalties.
It stands distinct from active or ordinary income, which encompasses earnings generated through direct involvement in a business or occupation, and passive income, which typically encompasses revenue derived from rental properties, limited partnerships, or other ventures in which the individual's engagement is limited.
In the case of Chris, his interest and dividend income from his investment portfolio can be aptly categorized as portfolio income, reflective of his successful investment endeavors complementing his full-time employment.
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Which of the following statistical selection techniques is least desirable for use by an auditor? -Sequential selection. -Systematic selection. -Stratified selection. -Block selection.
Out of the statistical selection techniques, the least desirable technique for use by an auditor is block selection. An auditor can use different methods to select a sample from a large group. For example, the auditor could use sequential selection, systematic selection, stratified selection, or block selection.
Sequential selection is a technique that involves selecting elements in a predetermined order. Systematic selection, on the other hand, involves selecting a starting point at random and then selecting every nth element after that point.
The block selection method, on the other hand, involves selecting elements that are grouped together. In this method, the auditor divides the population into blocks and then randomly selects blocks from the population.
While this method may be useful in some situations, it can result in a biased sample if the population is not evenly distributed among the blocks. For this reason, block selection is considered the least desirable technique for use by an auditor.
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what are the phases of alliance management? multiple select question. strategic network manipulation post-formation alliance management partner selection and alliance formation tacit and explicit knowledge collaboration alliance design and governance
The phases of alliance management include partner selection and alliance formation, tacit and explicit knowledge collaboration, alliance design and governance, and post-formation alliance management.
1. Partner selection and alliance formation: This phase involves identifying potential partners and evaluating their compatibility, capabilities, and strategic fit with the organization. It includes establishing the goals and objectives of the alliance and formalizing the partnership agreement.
2. Tacit and explicit knowledge collaboration: In this phase, partners share their knowledge and expertise to achieve mutual benefits. It involves exchanging information, best practices, and resources, both in explicit form (documented knowledge) and tacit form (personal expertise).
3. Alliance design and governance: This phase focuses on establishing effective governance structures and decision-making processes within the alliance. It involves defining roles, responsibilities, and rules for managing the partnership and resolving conflicts.
4. Post-formation alliance management: This phase involves ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment of the alliance to ensure its effectiveness and value creation. It includes performance measurement, relationship maintenance, and adapting the alliance to changing circumstances.
In conclusion, the phases of alliance management include partner selection and alliance formation, tacit and explicit knowledge collaboration, alliance design and governance, and post-formation alliance management.
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Two alternatives, A and B, have been identified, and the associated costs and revenues have been estimated. Annual fixed costs would be $40,000 for A and $30,000 for B; variable costs per unit would be $10 for A and $11 for B; and revenue per unit would be $15.
a. Determine each alternative’s break-even point in units.
b. Atwhatvolumeofoutputwouldthetwoalternativesyieldthesameprofit?
c. If expected annual demand is 12,000 units, which alternative would yield the higher profit?
a. Determine each alternative’s break-even point in units.
Alternative A:
Fixed costs: $40,000
Variable cost per unit: $10
Revenue per unit: $15
To calculate the break-even point in units:
Break-even point in units = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Revenue per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit for alternative A = $15 - $10 = $5
Break-even point in units = $40,000 / $5 = 8,000 units
Alternative B:
Fixed costs: $30,000
Variable cost per unit: $11
Revenue per unit: $15
To calculate the break-even point in units:
Break-even point in units = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Revenue per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit for alternative B = $15 - $11 = $4
Break-even point in units = $30,000 / $4 = 7,500 units
b. At what volume of output would the two alternatives yield the same profit?
To find the volume of output at which the two alternatives yield the same profit, we need to find the point where the total costs and total revenues for the two alternatives are equal.
Total cost for alternative A = Fixed cost + Variable cost per unit * Number of units
Total cost for alternative B = Fixed cost + Variable cost per unit * Number of units
Let's set the two total cost equations equal to each other:
$40,000 + $10Q = $30,000 + $11Q
$1Q = $10,000
Q = 10,000 units
So at 10,000 units, the two alternatives would yield the same profit.
c. If the expected annual demand is 12,000 units, which alternative would yield the higher profit?
For Alternative A:
At 12,000 units, total revenue = 12,000 * $15 = $180,000
Total cost = $40,000 + ($10 * 12,000) = $160,000
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost = $180,000 - $160,000 = $20,000
For Alternative B:
At 12,000 units, total revenue = 12,000 * $15 = $180,000
Total cost = $30,000 + ($11 * 12,000) = $162,000
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost = $180,000 - $162,000 = $18,000
Therefore, Alternative A would yield a higher profit.
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Your firm requires all its analysts to use a dividend discount model (DDM) to value dividend-paying stocks. Using DDM, you must now value Big Wheel Truck Inc. The firm's dividend is expected to grow by 3% per year in the future. Big Wheel Truck Inc. characteristics Beta 1.25 Next year’s dividend / shares $ 0.45 Market Capitalization Rate 12.25% Calculate the intrinsic value of one share of Big Wheel Truck stock.
The intrinsic value of one share of Big Wheel Truck Inc. stock, based on the given information and the DDM, is approximately $4.86.
To calculate the intrinsic value of one share of Big Wheel Truck Inc. using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM), we need to consider the formula:
Intrinsic value = Dividend / (Market Capitalization Rate - Dividend Growth Rate)
Given the information provided:
- Next year's dividend per share is $0.45.
- The market capitalization rate is 12.25% or 0.1225.
- The dividend growth rate is 3% or 0.03.
Using these values, we can calculate the intrinsic value as follows:
Intrinsic value = $0.45 / (0.1225 - 0.03)
Intrinsic value = $0.45 / 0.0925
Intrinsic value ≈ $4.86
The DDM is a commonly used valuation model that estimates the intrinsic value of a stock based on its expected future dividends. It assumes that the value of a stock is determined by the present value of its future cash flows in the form of dividends. In this case, the DDM takes into account the expected dividend growth rate and the market capitalization rate.
The market capitalization rate, also known as the required rate of return or discount rate, reflects the return expected by investors for holding the stock. The dividend growth rate represents the anticipated rate at which the company's dividends will increase over time.
By calculating the intrinsic value using the DDM, analysts can assess whether the current market price of the stock is overvalued or undervalued. If the intrinsic value is higher than the market price, it suggests that the stock may be undervalued and potentially a good investment opportunity. Conversely, if the intrinsic value is lower than the market price, it indicates that the stock may be overvalued.
It is important to note that the DDM relies on several assumptions and simplifications, and its accuracy depends on the accuracy of the inputs, such as the dividend growth rate and the market capitalization rate. Therefore, it should be used as a tool alongside other valuation methods and factors when making investment decisions.
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(1) An investor writes a call option to buy 100 shares of Apple. Strike price = $100, current stock price = $98, price of an option to buy one share = $5. What's the profit and payoff if the stock pri
Profit and Payoff of Writing a Call Option on Apple Stock
The profit from writing a call option on Apple stock can be determined by calculating the payoff at different stock prices. The payoff is the difference between the option price and the stock price, multiplied by the number of shares.
What is the profit and payoff if the stock price remains below the strike price?If the stock price remains below the strike price, the call option will not be exercised, and the investor will keep the option premium as profit. In this case, the profit can be calculated as the total premium received for writing the option.
The premium received for writing one call option is $5 per share. Since the investor writes a call option for 100 shares, the total premium received is $5 multiplied by 100, which equals $500. Therefore, the profit would be $500.
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NAFTA trade agreement was signed under President Clinton back in the 90s. Over about 2 paragraphs, elaborate some on what do you know about NAFTA and what do you think about it, using your knowledge about trade, who gained from it and - unfortunately - who lost due to it. Finally, list any recommendations for the members of the society who lost their jobs due to NAFTA.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was an agreement signed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico in 1994 to eliminate tariffs and other trade barriers between the three countries. The agreement aimed to boost economic growth and create jobs in all three countries. However, NAFTA has been a controversial issue since its inception, with critics arguing that it has led to job losses in the United States and Mexico.
One of the main arguments against NAFTA is that it has led to a significant loss of manufacturing jobs in the United States. Companies in the United States have moved their production facilities to Mexico, where labor is cheaper. This has resulted in job losses in the United States, particularly in the Rust Belt states.On the other hand, NAFTA has been beneficial for the agricultural sector in all three countries. The agreement has led to an increase in trade in agricultural products, benefiting farmers in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
For those who have lost their jobs due to NAFTA, it is recommended to focus on acquiring new skills that are in demand in the job market. This may involve going back to school or obtaining training in a new field. Additionally, policymakers should provide assistance to workers who have lost their jobs due to NAFTA, such as retraining programs or financial support. Finally, efforts should be made to promote economic growth and job creation in areas that have been impacted by NAFTA.
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Eloi's unmarried daughter, Arya, lived with him in his home for the entire year. Eloi is divorced. He owns his own home and pays all of the costs of upkeep for the home. Eloi pald file as head of household if Arya is:
19 years old, is not a full-time student, and earned $4,750 in wages.
21 years old, is a full-time student for six months, and earned $5,250 in wages.
22 years old, is a part-time student for four months, and earned $7,222 in wages
26 years old, is a full-time student for six months, and earned $6,850 in wages.
Eloi pald file as head of household if Arya is 21 years old, is a full-time student for six months, and earned $5,250 in wages. Option B
What are the requirements for Eloi to file as head of household?The requirement for Eloi to file as head of household is if Arya meet the following requirements;
Be the taxpayer's legal child.
Be under age 19 at the end of the year, or be a student under age 24 at the end of the year.
Live with the taxpayer for more than half of the year.
Not be married at the end of the year.
if Arya is exactly 19 at the end of the year, she would not qualify as a "qualifying child" unless she is a full-time student.
In option A, Arya is 19 years old, is not a full-time student, and earned $4,750 in wages which means that Arya would not qualify as a dependent for Eloi, since she is not under 19 and is not a full-time student.
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Explain the statement, "In the long run, there are no fixed costs."
The statement "In the long run, there are no fixed costs" is an economic principle that asserts that all costs are variable in the long run.
The principle suggests that all inputs that were initially regarded as fixed become variable over time as a company's production capacity expands or contracts. In the short run, however, some costs are fixed. A fixed cost is an expense that remains constant in the short run, irrespective of the number of goods a business produces.
These costs are independent of output level and include items such as rent, property tax, and salaries of managerial personnel. Because they do not fluctuate with output level, fixed costs are expressed as a lump sum. Variable costs, on the other hand, fluctuate depending on the number of goods produced
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Builtrite common stock just paid a dividend of $3.00, and dividends are expected to grow at a 9% annual rate. If you require a 12% annual return, what do you believe is a fair price for Builtrite stock? a. $103.50
b. $107.50 c. $109.00 d. $100.00
Based on the given information, the fair price for Builtrite stock is $100.00 (option d).
To determine the fair price of Builtrite common stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM). The DDM calculates the present value of expected future dividends.
The formula for the DDM is as follows:
Fair Price = Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
In this case, the dividend just paid is $3.00, the expected dividend growth rate is 9% (0.09), and the required return is 12% (0.12).
Fair Price = $3.00 / (0.12 - 0.09) = $3.00 / 0.03 = $100.00
Therefore, based on the given information, the fair price for Builtrite stock is $100.00 (option d).
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A good’s demand is given by: P = 697 – 4Q. At P = 132, the point
price elasticity is:
Enter as a value (round to two decimal places if necessary).
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand at P = 132 is -2.83.
Price elasticity of demand is given by the formula:PED = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)The goods demand function is given as:P = 697 – 4QIt is given that, P = 132At P = 132, the quantity demanded can be calculated by substituting the value of P in the given demand function:132 = 697 – 4Q4Q = 697 - 1324Q = 565Q = 565/4Q = 141.25Price elasticity of demand at P = 132 is given by:PED = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)We know,Change in price, ΔP = 1%Therefore, % change in price = (ΔP / P) × 100= (1 / 132) × 100= 0.758%Change in quantity demanded, ΔQ = -4(0.758)=-3.032%Therefore, % change in quantity demanded = (ΔQ / Q) × 100= (-3.032 / 141.25) × 100= -2.147%Now, we can calculate the price elasticity of demand at P = 132PED = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)= (-2.147) / (0.758)= -2.83Therefore, the price elasticity of demand at P = 132 is -2.83.
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Conducting your own investigation, discuss and analyse ONE of the following issues (choose one only):
a. A financial market heavily affected by imperfect information. Identify a specific real- world market (e.g. current lending market conditions in Greece) as your case study. Carefully identify and explain the key problems arising from asymmetric information and uncertainty in that market. Support your analysis with evidence, including data. Analyse existing policies and discuss policy alternatives to improve economic efficiency. Support your analysis with data.
b. A negative externality. Find a real world example of a substantial negative externality. Present your case very carefully explaining the key issue using evidence. Discuss policy alternatives for bringing a Pareto-improvement into the economy. Compare your policy alternatives with the actual policy being used (if any). Compare it with policies used in other parts of the world. Conclude on the best policy option, or the cost-benefit of each.
c. A positive externality. Find a real world example of a substantial positive externality. Present your case very carefully explaining the key issue using evidence. Discuss policy alternatives for bringing a Pareto-improvement into the economy. Compare your policy alternatives with the actual policy being used (if any). Compare it with policies used in other parts of the world. Conclude on the best policy option, or the cost-benefit of each
d. A case in which the provision of a (non-existent) public good could be justified. Identify specific real-world case in space-time (e.g. the current need of providing a bridge in Margaret River, WA). Carefully present your case, explaining why the public good is inexistent and the economic efficiency implications of its provision. Discuss a method for obtaining information to conclusively confirm that the public good should be provided. Propose a detailed plan for providing the public good; discuss alternative policies that can be used for it and how alike public goods have been provided in other locations.
We can see here that the issue we will choose and discuss is c. A positive externality.
What is a positive externality?A Real-World Example of a Positive Externality: Education
Education is often cited as a significant positive externality. When individuals acquire education and knowledge, the benefits extend beyond the individual learner and spill over to society as a whole.
The positive externalities of education can manifest in various ways, including increased productivity, improved public health, reduced crime rates, and enhanced civic engagement.
Positive externalities of education can be observed in multiple contexts worldwide. Let's take the example of investing in early childhood education programs.
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When production levels are expected to decline within a relevant range, what effects would be anticipated with respect to each of the following? Fixed Costs Variable Costs Per Unit Per Unit A) Increase No change B) Increase Increase No change No change D) No change Increase Please use this information to answer questions 13, 14 & 15: Assume the following information for SABRES Company: Prime Costs Conversion Costs Direct Materials Used Beginning Work In Process Ending Work In Process $525,000 598,000 105,000 198,000 81,000 13. Direct Labor used is calculated to be: $ 14. Factory Overhead is calculated to be: $ 15. The total all in manufacturing cost for the period is calculated to be: $
When production levels are expected to decline within a relevant range there is no change in fixed costs whereas the variable costs increases. (13).The Direct Labor used is $73,000, (14). The Factory Overhead is $525,000 (15). The Total All-in Manufacturing Cost is $1,050,000
When production levels are expected to increase within a relevant range and a flexible budget is used, the anticipated effects with respect to fixed and variable costs are as follows:
Fixed Costs: Generally, fixed costs do not change with changes in production levels within a relevant range. These costs remain constant regardless of the level of production. Therefore, the fixed costs would be expected to remain unchanged.
Variable Costs: Variable costs, on the other hand, are directly influenced by changes in production levels. As production increases, variable costs tend to increase as well. This is because variable costs are directly related to the quantity of inputs or resources required to produce the goods or services.
Based on the information, we have:
Prime Costs = Direct Materials Used + Direct Labor Used
Prime Costs = $525,000
Conversion Costs = Direct Labor Used + Factory Overhead
Conversion Costs = $598,000
13. To calculate the value for direct labor used, we subtract the prime costs from the conversion costs:
Direct Labor Used = Conversion Costs - Prime Costs
Direct Labor Used = $598,000 - $525,000
Direct Labor Used = $73,000
14. To find the factory overhead, we subtract the direct labor used from the conversion costs:
Factory Overhead = Conversion Costs - Direct Labor Used
Factory Overhead = $598,000 - $73,000
Factory Overhead = $525,000
15. The total all-in manufacturing cost for the period is the sum of prime costs and factory overhead:
Total All-in Manufacturing Cost = Prime Costs + Factory Overhead
Total All-in Manufacturing Cost = $525,000 + $525,000
Total All-in Manufacturing Cost = $1,050,000
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Complete Question : When production levels are expected to increase within a relevant range, and a flexible budget is used, what effect would be anticipated with respect to fixed and variable costs?
Please use this information to answer questions 13, 14 & 15: Assume the following information for SABRES Company: Prime Costs Conversion Costs Direct Materials Used Beginning Work In Process Ending Work In Process $525,000 598,000 105,000 198,000 81,000 13. Direct Labor used is calculated to be: $ 14. Factory Overhead is calculated to be: $ 15. The total all in manufacturing cost for the period is calculated to be: $
at 500 units of output, total cost is $50,000 and variable cost is $5,000. what is fixed cost at 500 units?
The fixed cost at 500 units is $45,000.
To determine the fixed cost at 500 units, we need to understand the components of total cost. Total cost consists of fixed cost (FC) and variable cost (VC). Variable cost varies with the level of output, while fixed cost remains constant regardless of the level of output.
Given that the total cost at 500 units is $50,000 and the variable cost is $5,000, we can calculate the fixed cost. The formula for total cost is TC = FC + VC. Rearranging the formula, we get FC = TC - VC.
Substituting the given values, FC = $50,000 - $5,000 = $45,000. Therefore, the fixed cost at 500 units is $45,000.
The fixed cost at 500 units is an essential component of total cost and remains constant regardless of the level of output. In this scenario, with a total cost of $50,000 and a variable cost of $5,000, the fixed cost is calculated to be $45,000. Understanding the distinction between fixed and variable costs helps businesses analyze their cost structure and make informed decisions regarding production levels and profitability.
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