According to the article "Leading by Leveraging Culture," there are three tools necessary to manage organizational culture. These tools are (1) Leadership, (2) Symbols and Artifacts, and (3) Rituals and Routines.
1) Leadership: Leadership plays a crucial role in shaping and managing organizational culture. Leaders at Southwest Airlines, for example, are known for their hands-on approach and emphasis on teamwork. They promote a culture of transparency, open communication, and employee empowerment. By leading by example, leaders at Southwest Airlines inspire employees to embrace the company's values and work together towards common goals.
2) Symbols and Artifacts: Symbols and artifacts are tangible manifestations of an organization's culture. At Southwest Airlines, the iconic symbol is the Heart logo, which represents their commitment to providing excellent customer service. Other symbols include the colorful planes, which reflect their fun and energetic brand image. These symbols and artifacts reinforce the company's values and create a sense of identity among employees and customers alike.
3) Rituals and Routines: Rituals and routines are repetitive actions that reinforce and preserve organizational culture. At Southwest Airlines, one notable routine is the "Employee Rally." This is a regular gathering where employees celebrate achievements, share information, and reinforce the company's values. This ritual helps build a strong sense of community and unity among employees, fostering a positive and engaged work culture.
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As an operations manager Is there a financial statement that you find more useful than others and why?
A. What business decisions can each financial statement assist you in making?
B. What subtotal(S) would you find useful on an income statement?
As an operations manager, financial statements play a crucial role in decision-making and assessing the financial health of a business. While different financial statements provide unique insights, the income statement and its subtotals are particularly useful for operations managers. They help analyze profitability, cost management, and identify areas for improvement.
As an operations manager, various financial statements provide valuable information for decision-making. The income statement, also known as the profit and loss statement, displays revenue, expenses, and net income over a specific period. It assists in evaluating the profitability of the business, identifying cost drivers, and assessing the overall financial performance.
Among the subtotals on the income statement, there are several that an operations manager may find useful. Gross profit, which is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold, highlights the profitability of core operations. Operating income, also known as earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), excludes non-operating items and indicates the profitability of regular business activities. Net income, the bottom line of the income statement, reveals the overall profitability after accounting for all expenses and taxes.
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Sec 11 - There are two parts to this question, namely, Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D. You are required to provide your response to each of these parts. Appliance Center is an experienced home appliance dealer. Appliance Center also offers a number of services together with the home appliances that it sells. Appliance Center sells ovens on a standalone basis. It also sells installation services and maintenance services for ovens. Appliance Center does not offer installation or maintenance services to customers who buy ovens from other vendors. The pricing packages are as follows: i. Oven only: $800 ii. Oven with installation service: $850 iii. Oven with maintenance services: $975 iv. Oven with installation and maintenance services: $1,000 In each instance in which maintenance services are provided, the maintenance service is separately priced within the arrangement at $175. Installation is a separate service for which the incremental amount charged by Appliance Center for installation is equal to the amount charged by independent third parties. Ovens are sold subject to a general right of return. If a customer purchases an oven with installation and/or maintenance services, in the event Appliance Center does not complete service satisfactorily, the customer is only entitled to a refund of the portion of the fee that exceeds $800. Q11. Part A: What is the amount of Revenue to be recognized for Oven, Installation, and Maintenance for pricing package (i) above. Please write your answer in the space provided. (Not more than 50 words) (0.5 Marks) Q11. Part B: What is the amount of Revenue to be recognized for Oven, Installation, and Maintenance for pricing package (ii) above. Please write your answer in the space provided. (Not more than 50 words) (0.5 Marks) Q11. Part C: What is the amount of Revenue to be recognized for Oven, Installation, and Maintenance for pricing package (iii) above. Please write your answer in the space provided. (Not more than 50 words) (0.5 Marks) Q11. Part D: What is the amount of Revenue to be recognized for Oven, Installation, and Maintenance for pricing package (iv) above. Please write your answer in the space provided. (Not more than 50 words) (0.5 Marks)
The amount of revenue to be recognized for the oven alone is $800. The amount of revenue to be recognized for the oven with installation service is $850.
The amount of revenue to be recognized for the oven with maintenance services is $975.The amount of revenue to be recognized for the oven with both installation and maintenance services is $1,000.For each pricing package, the revenue recognition is straightforward. The price of the oven itself is stated clearly in each case. If additional services are included, such as installation or maintenance, the incremental amount charged for those services is added to the price of the oven. However, it's important to note that if the customer is not satisfied with the service provided, they are only entitled to a refund of the portion of the fee that exceeds the standalone oven price of $800.
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The municipality of Betaville disclosed the following information about its pension plan.
Assume (1) that an 80 percent funded ratio was considered the rule of thumb for adequate funding, (2) that holding 15 times net assets to benefits paid was the standard for benefits coverage, and (3) that the ratio of investments to benefits should always be over 1.0
2019 employees’ retirement system 2018 employees’ retirement system
Total pension liability Service cost $3,001,134 $2,989,546
Interest 10,723,878 10,898,001
Change in assumptions - 5,350,510
Benefit payments and refunds (10,740,272) (9,240,901)
Net change in total pension liability $2,984,740 $9,998,156
Total pension liability – beginning 150,405,544 140,407,388
Total pension liability – ending $153,390,284 $150,405,544
Fiduciary net position: Contributions: employer $4,401,710 $4,330,650
Net investment income (loss) 15,194,567 2,412,908
Benefit payments and refunds (10,740,272) (9,240,901)
Administrative expenses (101,456) (98,923)
Net change in fiduciary net position $8,754,549 $(2,596,266)
Fiduciary net position – beginning 136,363,265 138,959,531
Fiduciary net position – ending $145,117,814 $136,363,265
Calculate the funded ratio for 2018 (round to the nearest 100th of a percent (e.g. 0.01).
(Referring to the situation in the previous question) Calculate the funded ratio for 2019 (round to the nearest 100th of a percent).
(Referring to the situation in the previous question) Calculate the benefits coverage ratio for 2018 (round to the nearest 100th).
(Referring to the situation in the previous question) Calculate the benefits coverage ratio for 2019 (round to the nearest 100th).
(Referring to the situation in the previous question) Calculate the ratio of investment earnings to benefits for 2018 (round to the nearest 100th).
(Referring to the situation in the previous question) Calculate the ratio of investment earnings to benefits for 2019 (round to the nearest 100th).
The funded ratio for 2018 is 91.00%, the funded ratio for 2019 is 99.00%, the benefits coverage ratio for 2018 is 15.00, the benefits coverage ratio for 2019 is 16.00, the ratio of investment earnings to benefits for 2018 is 0.26, and the ratio of investment earnings to benefits for 2019 is 0.33.
The calculation of the funded ratio, benefits coverage ratio, and the ratio of investment earnings to benefits for 2018 and 2019 has been provided in the table below:
Funded ratio Benefits coverage ratio Ratio of investment earnings to benefits20182019 20182019 20182019$140,407,388$150,405,544 $150,405,544$153,390,2840.910.99
15 times coverage required = 15 * ($9,240,901)
= $138,613,515
15 times coverage required = 15 * ($10,740,272)
= $161,104,080$136,363,265$145,117,814 $145,117,814$136,363,265$2,412,908/$9,240,901
= 0.260.33
$15,194,567/$10,740,272 = 1.41.41
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If the slope of the budget line is -413 and the price of x1 is 157, then what is the price of of x2?
To find the price of x2, we need to use the slope of the budget line and the price of x1.
The slope of the budget line represents the rate at which we can trade x1 for x2. In this case, the slope is -413.
Since the slope is negative, it means that as we consume more of x1, we have to give up some of x2.
To find the price of x2, we can use the formula:
slope = -price of x2 / price of x1.
Substituting the given values, we have -413
= -price of x2 / 157.
To solve for the price of x2, we can cross multiply and solve for x2:
-413 * 157 = -price of x2
-64841 = -price of x2
Therefore, the price of x2 is 64841.
So, the price of x2 is 64841.
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Draw a detailed process flow map of the current process at
Receiving Plant # 1. What is the capacity of each operation in the
process
The process flow at Receiving Plant #1 includes dumpers, destoning, dechaffing, drying, separation, bulking, and bagging operations, with respective capacities of 3,000, 4,500, 2,000, 200, 400, 2,000, and 1,000 barrels per hour.
Here is a detailed process flow map of the current process at Receiving Plant #1:
The capacity of each operation in the process is as follows:
Dumpers: 3,000 barrels per hourDestoning: 4,500 barrels per hourDechaffing: 2,000 barrels per hourDrying: 200 barrels per hourSeparation: 400 barrels per hourBulking: 2,000 barrels per hourBagging: 1,000 barrels per hourNote that these are just the maximum capacities of each operation. The actual capacity may be lower due to factors such as downtime, maintenance, and operator efficiency.
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Develop a personal disaster recovery plan for your home. Pick a potential disaster that could greatly affect you and your family. What is it and what would be your plan to manage and respond to it? - Under what conditions should an incident be escalated to require engaging a disaster response plan? - How often should you review your disaster response plan? What type of review(s) should occur? Should the industry you are in affect this recommendation?
A general guide on how to develop a personal disaster recovery plan for your home.
Identify potential disasters: Start by identifying the type of disasters that are most likely to happen in your area. Some examples include earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, tornadoes, and blizzards.
Create a communication plan: Develop a communication plan with your family members so that everyone knows what to do in case of an emergency. Make sure everyone has each other's phone numbers, email addresses, and social media handles. Designate a meeting place outside of your home where you can all gather if you have to evacuate.
Prepare an emergency kit: Prepare a go-bag or an emergency kit that includes essentials such as food, water, medication, first aid supplies, and important documents. Keep the kit in a safe and easily accessible place.
Secure your home: Take precautions to secure your home from potential damage. For example, install storm shutters, reinforce your roof, clear gutters and drains, anchor large furniture, and trim trees and branches.
Stay informed: Stay updated on weather alerts and warnings by monitoring local news and weather reports. Have a battery-powered radio in your emergency kit so that you can stay informed even if there is no power.
Know when to evacuate: If authorities advise you to evacuate, do so immediately. Follow their instructions and bring your emergency kit with you.
Review your plan: Review your disaster recovery plan regularly, at least once a year, and update it as necessary. Practice your plan with your family members so that everyone knows what to do in case of an emergency.
An incident should be escalated to require engaging a disaster response plan when it poses a significant threat to life, property, or the environment. This decision should be based on the severity of the incident, its potential impact, and the resources required to manage it.
You should review your disaster response plan regularly, at least once a year, and after any major change in your family's circumstances or living situation. You should also review your plan after any disaster to assess its effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. The type of industry you are in may affect this recommendation, as some industries may require more frequent reviews and updates due to their higher risk exposure.
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venture into oil leases with a potential return of 15%, a medium-risk investment in bonds with a 9% return, and a relatively safe stock investment with a 5% return. He has $50,000 to invest. Because of the risk, he will limit his investment in oil leases and bonds to 30% (of the $50,000 ) and his investment in oil leases and stock to 50%. How much should he invest in each to maximize his return, assuming investment returns are as expected? a. Define the variables. Be specific with descriptive words. = = = b. Clearly state the constraints (all inequalities) related to the feasible region. c. State the objective function. d. Set up the initial simplex matrix needed to solve the linear programming problem using the Simplex Method. e. Perform all pivots necessary using row operations to transform the matrix until the solution is feasible. f. How much should he invest in each to maximize his return, assuming investment returns are as expected?
Linear programming is what we need to use to solve this issue.
The steps taken to resolve this issue are as follows:
a. Characterize the factors. Make your point with descriptive language. Let x represent the investment amount in oil leases. Allow y to be the sum put resources into bonds. Allow z to be the sum put resources into stocks.
b. Obviously express the limitations (all imbalances) connected with the possible district. Constraints include: x + y + z = 50,000 0 x 15,000 0 y 15,000 0 z 25,000 c Identify the objective function.
c. This is the objective function: Augment R = 0.15x + 0.09y + 0.05z
d. play out all turns important utilizing column activities to change the network until the arrangement is plausible.
The ideal arrangement is:
x = 15000, y = 15000, z = 20000, and e = 20000. To get the most out of his money, he should put 15000 into oil leases, 15000 into bonds, and 20000 into stocks.
A mathematical model whose needs are expressed by linear relationships can be optimised using linear programming (LP), also known as linear optimisation. Examples of this include maximizing profit or minimising expense. Programming in mathematics, commonly referred to as mathematical optimisation, has a unique application called as linear programmin Formally speaking, linear programming is a technique for optimising a linear objective function while taking linear equality and inequality into consideration.
A convex polytope, which is a set determined by the intersection of a limited number of half spaces, each of which is determined by a linear inequality, is the convex area that is feasible for the set. An affine (linear) function defined on this polyhedron in real values serves as the function's aim.
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correct question is:
venture into oil leases with a potential return of 15%, a medium-risk investment in bonds with a 9% return, and a relatively safe stock investment with a 5% return. He has $50,000 to invest. Because of the risk, he will limit his investment in oil leases and bonds to 30% (of the $50,000 ) and his investment in oil leases and stock to 50%. How much should he invest in each to maximize his return, assuming investment returns are as expected? a. Define the variables. Be specific with descriptive words. = = = b. Clearly state the constraints (all inequalities) related to the feasible region. c. State the objective function. d. Perform all pivots necessary using row operations to transform the matrix until the solution is feasible. e. How much should he invest in each to maximize his return, assuming investment returns are as expected?
When the government "bailed out" the banking system, they put funds into banks by buying "Senior Preferred Stock" from the banks at the following terms:
Face Value: $1,000/share.
Annual Dividend Rate (paid quarterly)
First 5 years: 5%.
Thereafter: 9%.
If the market rate of interest on a particularly risky bank was 10% (annual), what would the efficient market value of the preferred stock have been at the time of issue if investors expected it to remain in perpetuity? (Hint: MAKE A TIME LINE!)
The efficient market value of the preferred stock at the time of issue, if investors expected it to remain in perpetuity, would be approximately $1,099.47.
For the dividends starting from Year 6, the dividend payment is $90, the market rate of interest is 10%, and we assume they continue indefinitely:
PV2 = $90 / 0.10
PV2 = $900
To calculate the efficient market value, we sum up the present values of the dividend payments:
Market Value = PV1 + PV2
Market Value ≈ $199.47 + $900
Market Value ≈ $1,099.47
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What if we lived in a world in which modigliani miller is true, that is no information or tax issues and capital structure is irrelevant.
A company currently has 1,000 shares outstanding , each with a price of $200.
The firm announces a 1 for 5 (rights issue) of new stock, that is each stock holder would have the right to buy 1 stock for 5 stocks currently held. The price at which the new stock will be sold to existing shareholders will be $185.
Assume all shareholders act rationally in making their purchase decision, that is they purchase the rights stock if the price they will pay will be lower than the price of the stock after the rights issue is completed.
What will be the price of the stock be after the rights issue is completed?
The price of the stock after the rights issue is completed will be $180.
In a world where Modigliani Miller's theory holds true and capital structure is irrelevant, the price of the stock after the rights issue can be determined by considering the impact of the rights offering on the company's overall equity value.
The company currently has 1,000 shares outstanding, each priced at $200, resulting in a total equity value of $200,000. With the 1 for 5 rights issue, each shareholder has the right to buy 1 stock for every 5 stocks held at a price of $185.
Assuming all shareholders act rationally, they will exercise their rights and purchase the additional stocks if the price they pay is lower than the expected post-issue stock price. With a subscription price of $185, which is lower than the current stock price of $200, shareholders will exercise their rights.
When the rights issue is completed, additional shares will be issued, and the total number of shares outstanding will increase. This will dilute the ownership and the equity value of each existing share. To maintain the total equity value of $200,000, the stock price needs to adjust.
If we assume that all shareholders exercise their rights and purchase the additional stock, and there are no tax or information issues, the total number of shares outstanding will increase from 1,000 to 1,200 (1,000 existing shares + 200 new shares). The total equity value remains constant at $200,000.
Dividing the total equity value by the new number of shares, we get $166.67 ($200,000/1,200). However, since shareholders will be purchasing the rights stock at a discounted price of $185, the price of the stock after the rights issue is completed will be slightly higher. Therefore, the stock price is expected to be around $180.
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Suppose that your corpus contains 100 documents and the word "Inchoate" is contained in exactly two of them. What is this word's IDF ? Select the closest number.
a. 50
b. 3.7
c. 2.7
d. 1.7
The closest number to the IDF (Inverse Document Frequency) of the word "Inchoate" would be (b) 3.7.
IDF measures the rarity of a term in a corpus. It is calculated by taking the logarithm of the total number of documents divided by the number of documents containing the term. In this case, if the word "Inchoate" appears in exactly two out of 100 documents, the IDF would be log(100/2) ≈ 3.7.Sure! IDF (Inverse Document Frequency) is a metric used in information retrieval and text mining to determine the importance of a term within a corpus. It measures how rare or unique a term is across the documents in the corpus. To calculate IDF, we take the logarithm of the total number of documents in the corpus divided by the number of documents containing the term. In this case, we have a corpus of 100 documents, and the word "Inchoate" appears in exactly two of them.So, the IDF of "Inchoate" would be calculated as log(100/2) ≈ 3.7. This means that "Inchoate" is relatively rare or infrequent in the corpus compared to other words, hence the higher IDF value.
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three factories produce lightbulbs to supply the market. factory A produce 22.4% of the light bulbs , factory B produces 45.1% of the light bulbs and factory C produce 32.5% of the light bulbs. 2% of the bulbs produce in factory A are defective, 1% of light bulbs produce in factory b are defective and 3 % of bulbs produce in factory c are defective
a bulb is selected at random in the market and found to be defective what is the probability that the bulb was oroduce by factory B? use bayes forumla
The probability that the defective light bulb was produced by factory B is 0.148 or 14.8%.
Given that factory A produces 22.4% of light bulbs, B produces 45.1% of the light bulbs, and C produces 32.5% of the light bulbs.
According to Bayes' formula, P(B|D) = P(D|B) * P(B) / P(D)Where, P(B|D) is the probability that the light bulb was produced by factory B, given that the light bulb was found defective P(D|B) is the probability that the light bulb is defective given that it was produced by factory BP(B) is the probability that the light bulb was produced by factory B.P(D) is the probability of defective light bulbs in the market.
Using the above formula, we have; P(D) = P(D|A) * P(A) + P(D|B) * P(B) + P(D|C) * P(C)where P(A) = 0.224P(B) = 0.451P(C) = 0.325P(D|A) = 0.02P(D|B) = 0.01P(D|C) = 0.03P(D) = 0.02 * 0.224 + 0.01 * 0.451 + 0.03 * 0.325P(D) = 0.01612 + 0.00451 + 0.00975P(D) = 0.03038
Now, we can solve for P(B|D) as shown below: P(B|D) = P(D|B) * P(B) / P(D)P(B|D) = 0.01 * 0.451 / 0.03038P(B|D) = 0.148
Therefore, the probability that the defective light bulb was produced by factory B is 0.148 or 14.8%.
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In 2-3 paragraphs, discuss Arthur Joyce’s (2000) argument for the causes of the founding of Monte Albán in the Valley of Oaxaca during the Late Formative Period. Be sure to discuss both economic and ideological factors and support any assertion with archaeological evidence presented in the article.
The founding of Monte Albán in the Valley of Oaxaca during the Late Formative Period was driven by economic factors such as agricultural surplus and trade, as well as ideological and political factors including the emergence of social hierarchies and the consolidation of power through monumental architecture and religious expression.
1. Economic factors: The fertile soils and favorable climate of the Valley of Oaxaca allowed for agricultural productivity and the generation of an agricultural surplus, which played a significant role in the founding of Monte Albán.
2. Ideological and political factors: The construction of monumental architecture, such as temples and palaces, reflected the emergence of social hierarchies and the consolidation of political power.
Monte Albán served as a center for religious rituals and expression, emphasizing the importance of shared ideology and political authority in the city's founding.
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t: In the wake of the global financial crisis, there has been a lot of discussion about whether banking is 'socially useful'. Consult Chapter 5 and use the simple model of the macro-economy and the financial system to explain the benefits to the economy of the banking system and its role in stabilization policy. What factors are not considered in the basic model which could lead to the banking system destabilizing the economy? Could these activities be considered socially useful?
The banking system benefits the economy by allocating resources efficiently and supporting stabilization policy. However, factors like excessive risk-taking and social externalities can destabilize the economy and question its social usefulness.
The banking system plays a crucial role in the economy by providing several benefits. It facilitates the efficient allocation of financial resources, mobilizes savings, and channels funds to productive sectors, fostering economic growth and development. Additionally, banks play a key role in stabilization policy by implementing monetary policy measures to manage inflation, control interest rates, and influence aggregate demand.
In the basic model of the macro-economy and financial system, the benefits of the banking system are evident. Firstly, banks act as intermediaries between savers and borrowers, collecting deposits and providing loans. This process ensures that savings are channeled towards productive investments, stimulating economic activity and creating employment opportunities. Moreover, banks facilitate transactions by offering payment services, such as checks, debit cards, and online banking, which enhance economic efficiency and convenience.
Furthermore, during periods of economic instability, banks play a critical role in stabilization policy. Central banks use monetary policy tools, such as adjusting interest rates and managing the money supply, to influence borrowing costs and overall economic activity. By implementing these measures, banks contribute to maintaining price stability, controlling inflation, and promoting sustainable economic growth.
However, the basic model does not account for certain factors that could potentially destabilize the economy through banking activities. One example is excessive risk-taking by banks, which can lead to financial crises. Banks might engage in speculative investments, ignore prudent lending practices, or create complex financial products with hidden risks. These actions can amplify economic downturns and cause systemic instability.
Additionally, the basic model overlooks externalities associated with banking activities, such as negative environmental impacts or social inequality. Banks may finance environmentally harmful projects or engage in predatory lending practices that disproportionately affect vulnerable communities. These activities might not align with broader societal goals and can be considered socially detrimental.
Therefore, while the banking system brings significant benefits to the economy and stabilization policy, it is crucial to address the factors not considered in the basic model. Regulations, risk management practices, and ethical considerations are essential to mitigate the potential destabilizing effects of the banking system. By promoting responsible lending, sustainable financing, and inclusive banking practices, the sector can contribute more effectively to overall social welfare and long-term economic stability.
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Please explain how supplier differentiation is linked to value chain threats, i.e., integration? Thank you.
Supplier differentiation plays a crucial role in managing value chain threats through integration.
Supplier differentiation refers to the unique attributes or characteristics that set one supplier apart from its competitors. It could be factors such as quality, innovation, reliability, or cost-effectiveness. On the other hand, value chain threats are challenges or risks that can disrupt the smooth functioning of the value chain, which includes all the activities involved in producing and delivering a product or service to the end customer.
The link between supplier differentiation and value chain threats lies in the concept of integration. Integration refers to the close collaboration and coordination between suppliers and other value chain activities to optimize overall performance and create value for the customer.
When suppliers differentiate themselves, they offer unique advantages or benefits that other suppliers may not provide. This differentiation can reduce value chain threats by addressing potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the value chain. For example, if a supplier offers high-quality components, it can help mitigate the risk of product defects or failures, thereby reducing the threat to the value chain.
Furthermore, supplier differentiation can also enhance integration within the value chain. When suppliers possess unique capabilities or expertise, they can contribute their knowledge and resources to other value chain activities, resulting in better coordination and synergy. This integration can help identify and mitigate potential threats, such as supply disruptions or delays, by leveraging the strengths of the differentiated suppliers.
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What is the underlying principle of the value chain model? as managers, ideally, which are the 2 key areas of business system whose connectivity you would be actively monitoring? enumerate both the areas?
The underlying principle of the value chain model is that organizations should be managed as a series of distinct activities that add value to products or services; this concept is also referred to as a process view of the organization.
This model helps in understanding how the organization adds value to its products and services, as well as identifying opportunities for cost savings, efficiency improvements, and competitive advantage.The two key areas of business system whose connectivity managers should actively monitor are the inbound logistics and the outbound logistics.Inbound logistics refers to the activities involved in obtaining raw materials and other inputs required to produce a product or service.
This includes activities such as sourcing, procurement, transportation, and warehousing.Outbound logistics refers to the activities involved in delivering a finished product or service to customers. This includes activities such as order processing, inventory management, transportation, and distribution. By actively monitoring the connectivity between these two areas, managers can ensure that they are optimizing their supply chain and providing the best possible customer experience while keeping costs under control.Thus, managers should actively monitor inbound and outbound logistics as these two areas are the key elements of the value chain.
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Resistors for electronic circuits are manufactured on a high-speed automated machine. The machine is set up to produce a large run of resistors of 1,000 ohms each. Use Exhibit 10.13. To set up the machine and to create a control chart to be used throughout the run, 15 samples were taken with four resistors in each sample. The complete list of samples and their measured values are as follows: Use three-sigma control limits. a. Calculate the mean and range for the above samples. (Round "Mean" to 2 decimal places and "Range" to the nearest whi number.) b. Determine X
ˉ
and R
ˉ
. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.) c. Determine the UCL and LCL for a X chart. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.) or
Given Data: Resistors for electronic circuits are manufactured on a high-speed automated machine. The machine is set up to produce a large run of resistors of 1,000 ohms each. Use Exhibit 10.13. To set up the machine and to create a control chart to be used throughout the run, 15 samples were taken with four resistors in each sample.
The complete list of samples and their measured values are as follows: Use three-sigma control limits. Solution: a} Calculation of Mean and Range: Calculation of mean: Mean = ∑x / n, where x represents the sample data and n is the total number of items. Calculation of range: Range = Maximum value - Minimum value Sample Mean Range 1 998 3 2 1005 7 3 999 6 4 1003 4 5 1000 6 6 1001 7 7 1002 4 8 1003 6 9 1002 4 10 999 6 11 1002 6 12 1001 3 13 1002 7 14 1000 6 15 1003 2 Mean= ∑x / n Mean= (998 + 1005 + 999 + 1003 + 1000 + 1001 + 1002 + 1003 + 1002 + 999 + 1002 + 1001 + 1002 + 1000 + 1003) / (15 * 4)Mean = 1001.0 Ohms Calculation of Range: Range = Maximum value - Minimum value Range= 7 Ohms.
b) Determination of X-bar and R-bar: Calculation of X-bar: X-bar = ∑x / n, where x represents the sample data and n is the total number of items. Calculation of R-bar: R-bar = ∑R / n, where R represents the Range data and n is the total number of items. Sample Mean Range 1 998 3 2 1005 7 3 999 6 4 1003 4 5 1000 6 6 1001 7 7 1002 4 8 1003 6 9 1002 4 10 999 6 11 1002 6 12 1001 3 13 1002 7 14 1000 6 15 1003 2 X-bar = (998 + 1005 + 999 + 1003 + 1000 + 1001 + 1002 + 1003 + 1002 + 999 + 1002 + 1001 + 1002 + 1000 + 1003) / (15 * 4)X-bar = 1001.0 Ohms R-bar= (3 + 7 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 7 + 4 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 6 + 3 + 7 + 6 + 2) / 15R-bar = 4.4 Ohms.
c) Calculation of Upper and Lower Control Limits (UCL and LCL) for X-chart: Upper Control Limit (UCL) = X-bar + A2R-barLower Control Limit (LCL) = X-bar - A2R-bar Where, A2 = Constant for sample size 4; A2 = 0.729. Calculation of Upper Control Limit (UCL) for X-chart: UCL = X-bar + A2R-barUCL = 1001 + 0.729(4.4)UCL = 1004.22 Ohms Calculation of Lower Control Limit (LCL) for X-chart: LCL = X-bar - A2R-barLCL = 1001 - 0.729(4.4)LCL = 997.78 OhmsTherefore, Mean is 1001.0 Ohms and Range is 7 Ohms. The X-bar is 1001.0 Ohms and R-bar is 4.4 Ohms. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) for X-chart is 1004.22 Ohms and the Lower Control Limit (LCL) for X-chart is 997.78 Ohms.
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The law of demand is best illustrated by which feature of a demand curve? a. The fact that it has a positive slope b. The fact that it is a straight line c. The fact that it is a curved line d. The fact that it has a negative slope Supply curves have a positive slope because of the: a. demand curve. b. law of equilibrium. c. law of supply. d. theory of comparative advantage.
The law of demand states that as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded of that good decreases, and vice versa, assuming all other factors remain constant. This principle is best illustrated by the fact that a demand curve has a negative slope.
When the price of a good decreases, consumers are willing and able to buy more of it, resulting in a larger quantity demanded, and vice versa. The negative slope of the demand curve visually represents this inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. On the other hand, supply curves have a positive slope. This is due to the law of supply, which states that as the price of a good increases, producers are willing and able to supply more of it, and vice versa. The positive slope of the supply curve visually represents this direct relationship between price and quantity supplied. Therefore, the correct answer to the second part of your question is c. the law of supply.
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"Of the following, what is the best time to write a business
plan?
a.
when you have the founder team
b.
at any time in the formation of the business
c.
when you have adequate time
d. when you have the data to prove your concept
Therefore, it is crucial to wait until you have enough data to prove your concept before you start writing a business plan. This will give you a clear understanding of the market and the competition, which will help you develop a comprehensive plan that takes into account all the factors that can affect your business's success.
The best time to write a business plan is when you have adequate time. Writing a comprehensive business plan requires that you allocate sufficient time for the task. You need to invest enough time to conduct research, analyze the market and competition, and identify your unique selling point and target audience. It also requires that you work closely with the team involved in the formation of the business so that you can incorporate their input into the plan. The process of developing a business plan can be complex and time-consuming, so it is essential to give yourself enough time to complete it. Writing a business plan is not something you can do overnight, especially if you want to develop a plan that will stand the test of time. The best time to write a business plan is when you have the data to prove your concept. Your business plan should be based on solid evidence that your concept will work in the market. Therefore, it is crucial to wait until you have enough data to prove your concept before you start writing a business plan. This will give you a clear understanding of the market and the competition, which will help you develop a comprehensive plan that takes into account all the factors that can affect your business's success.
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: Parkhaven Company has provided the following information for its most recent month of operation: sales $19,200, ending inventory $4,800, purchases $9,600 and gross profit $12,000. How much was Parkhaven's beginning inventory? a) $7,200. b) $2,400. c) $14,400. d) $21,600.
Code snippet Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold The correct answer is a) $7,200. Here is the calculation:
? + $9,600 - $4,800 = $12,000
Beginning Inventory = $7,200
Use code with caution. Learn more
Here is the breakdown of the calculation:
Beginning Inventory: The amount of inventory that a company has at the beginning of a period.
Purchases: The amount of inventory that a company purchases during a period.
Ending Inventory: The amount of inventory that a company has at the end of a period.
Cost of Goods Sold: The cost of the inventory that a company sells during a period.
Gross Profit: The difference between the sales revenue and the cost of goods sold.
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The following binomial logit model determines the contribution of several variables towards a student's graduation for a Bachelor of Commerce Honours in Econometrics (using 320 observations). Li=(1−GiGi)=−1.15+0.015LAi+2.5Hi+0.7SMi+3.46Uise=t=(0.007)2.14(0.57)4.39(0.15)4.67(0.81)4.27 Where Gi= graduation LAi= Lecture attendance Hi= Number of hours studying SMi= Experience in statistics and mathematics where some experience =1 and 0 otherwise Ui= University experience where some experience =1 and 0 otherwise 6 ECS4863/203 a) Comment on the expected signs of the coefficients obtained. Do they conform to your apriori expectations? (2) In the model above, lecture attendance, number of hours studying and experience with mathematic and statistics as well as university experience are all positive, which all conform to a priori expectations. b) Interpret each coefficient in the model (Remember to do the necessary transformations first) (10)
The expected signs of the coefficients obtained are as follows: Coefficient for LAi (Lecture attendance): Positive ,Coefficient for Hi (Number of hours studying): Positive, Coefficient for SMi (Experience in statistics and mathematics): Positive, Coefficient for Ui (University experience): Positive
let's interpret each coefficient in more detail explanation Coefficient for LAi (Lecture attendance): The coefficient is 0.015. This means that for every unit increase in lecture attendance, the log-odds of graduation increase by 0.015. In other words, attending more lectures is associated with a slight increase in the likelihood of graduating. while ,Coefficient for Hi (Number of hours studying): The coefficient is 2.5. This means that for every unit increase in the number of hours studying, the log-odds of graduation increase by 2.5. This suggests that spending more time studying is strongly associated with a higher likelihood of graduating.
On the other hand Coefficient for SMi (Experience in statistics and mathematics): The coefficient is 0.7. This means that having experience in statistics and mathematics (compared to not having such experience) is associated with a 0.7 increase in the log-odds of graduation. This indicates that having background knowledge in statistics and mathematics positively affects the likelihood of graduating. Also, Coefficient for Ui (University experience): The coefficient is 3.46. This means that having university experience (compared to not having such experience) is associated with a 3.46 increase in the log-odds of graduation. This suggests that being familiar with the university environment and having previous university experience positively influence the likelihood of graduating.
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What are the fixed costs or non variable costs?
Amadeus Corporation is considering the issue of a new product to be added to its product mix. They hired you, a recent business graduate from MacEwan, for conducting the analysis. The production line
A company's fixed/non-variable expenses may include rent, utilities, and office equipment.
Fixed costs are expenses that stay the same regardless of changes in production or sales levels. Non-variable costs, also known as fixed costs, are expenses that don't vary depending on the number of goods or services a company produces or sells. These expenses are incurred regardless of the volume of sales made or the number of goods or services produced. Fixed costs, also known as non-variable costs, are expenses that don't vary depending on the number of goods or services a company produces or sells. These expenses are incurred regardless of the volume of sales made or the number of goods or services produced. A company's fixed expenses may include rent, utilities, and office equipment. In general, fixed costs are costs that remain constant regardless of the level of production and sales.
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A fleet repair center resets its computerized diagnostic system after every 15 trucks to help
ensure there are limited major downtimes from system failure. The reset takes 22 minutes on average with a
CV of 0.3. Each trucks diagnosis takes 28 minutes on average with a CV of 1.75 not considering the resets.
1. What is the effective process time and its CV?
2. If the reset system is not used, failures will occur after 57 hours on average with an
average repair time of 3 hours. The CV of repair time is 0.9. What is the effective process time and its CV? Is the maintenance system beneficial if it prevents breakdowns? Just consider effective processing time parameters.
3. The maintenance program costs $10,000 annually. The average profit per car
from the diagnostic service is $75. Assume the service center operates 250 days per year, 10 hours per day. Is the maintenance program economically beneficial? What assumptions are needed?
1. The effective process time for the fleet repair center's diagnostic system reset is 22 minutes with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.3. This represents the average time it takes to perform the reset process, accounting for any variability.
2. Without using the reset system, breakdowns occur on average after 57 hours, with an average repair time of 3 hours and a CV of 0.9. The effective process time in this case would be the sum of the average breakdown time and repair time, which is 60 hours (57 + 3) or 3,600 minutes, with a CV of 0.9.
1. The effective process time is calculated as the average time to perform the process multiplied by the CV. For the diagnostic system reset, the average time is 22 minutes, and the CV is 0.3. Therefore, the effective process time is 6.6 minutes (22 x 0.3) with a CV of 0.3.
2. Without using the reset system, breakdowns occur on average after 57 hours, which is 3,420 minutes (57 x 60). The average repair time is 3 hours, or 180 minutes. Therefore, the effective process time without the reset system is 3,600 minutes (3,420 + 180) with a CV of 0.9.
The maintenance system with the diagnostic system reset is beneficial as it helps prevent breakdowns and reduces the effective process time from 3,600 minutes to 22 minutes. This significantly reduces the potential downtime and improves the efficiency of the fleet repair center.
3. To determine the economic benefit of the maintenance program, we need to compare the cost of the program with the profit generated from the diagnostic service. The maintenance program costs $10,000 annually, and the average profit per car from the diagnostic service is $75.
Assuming the service center operates 250 days per year and 10 hours per day, the annual profit can be calculated as follows:
Annual profit = Profit per car x Number of cars serviced per day x Number of days per year.
The assumptions made include the average profit per car, the number of cars serviced per day, and the number of operating days per year. By comparing the annual profit with the maintenance program cost, we can determine if the program is economically beneficial.
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which of the accounts are listed in a post-closing trial balance?
The accounts that are listed in a post-closing trial balance are permanent accounts. These accounts are those that are not closed at the end of the accounting period.
This means that the balances of these accounts are carried forward to the next accounting period. Some examples of permanent accounts are asset accounts, liability accounts, and equity accounts.
Permanent accounts, which include all of the assets and liabilities accounts and equity accounts, are listed on the post-closing trial balance. The trial balance is a list of all accounts and their balances at a specific point in time. The post-closing trial balance is created after all closing entries have been made and all temporary accounts have been closed. This means that revenue accounts, expense accounts, and dividends accounts will not be listed on the post-closing trial balance.
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The selection of an appropriate inventory cost flow assumption for an individual company is made by (LO 2) Seleccione una: a. the SEC. b. the internal auditors. c. the external auditors. d. management.
The selection of an appropriate inventory cost flow assumption for an individual company is made by management. The correct answer is d. management.
Management is responsible for making decisions related to inventory accounting and cost flow assumptions. This decision involves choosing a method such as First-In, First-Out (FIFO), Last-In, First-Out (LIFO), or Weighted Average Cost. The chosen method will have an impact on the valuation of inventory and the cost of goods sold.
Management considers various factors when selecting an inventory cost flow assumption, including the company's specific circumstances, industry norms, tax implications, financial reporting requirements, and their judgment on which method best represents the flow of costs in their business operations.
While external auditors may review and provide recommendations on inventory accounting practices, the ultimate decision lies with management. Internal auditors also play a role in assessing and ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the company's inventory controls and processes, but they do not typically have the authority to determine the inventory cost flow assumption.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. management.
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Suppose you find that the expressions of the marginal utilities for a consumer are given by MU
1
(x
1
,x
2
)=2 and MU
2
(x
1
,x
2
)=7. Then you can conclude that: This consumer has Cobb-Douglas tastes For this consumer good 1 and good 2 are perfect complements For this consumer good 1 and good 2 are perfect substitutes None of the above
None of the above. The marginal utilities for goods 1 and 2 are given as MU1(x1, x2) = 2 and MU2(x1, x2) = 7, respectively. These marginal utilities indicate the additional utility a consumer derives from consuming an additional unit of each respective good.
However, based on these marginal utilities alone, we cannot determine the specific type of consumer preferences.
Cobb-Douglas tastes refer to a specific utility function form where the marginal utility of each good is proportional to its respective quantity raised to a constant exponent. Without knowing the functional form of the utility function or the relationship between the marginal utilities, we cannot conclude that the consumer has Cobb-Douglas tastes.
Perfect complements occur when the consumer's utility depends on the minimum of the quantities consumed of each good. In this case, the marginal utility of one good becomes zero when the other good is exhausted. Without such information about the relationship between the marginal utilities, we cannot conclude that goods 1 and 2 are perfect complements.
Similarly, perfect substitutes occur when the consumer is indifferent between different combinations of the two goods, meaning the marginal utilities of the goods are equal. Without this information or any indication of equal marginal utilities, we cannot conclude that goods 1 and 2 are perfect substitutes.
Therefore, based solely on the given marginal utilities, none of the above conclusions can be drawn regarding the specific preferences of the consumer.
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Q:
Suppose you find that the expressions of the marginal utilities for a consumer are given by MU1(x1,x2)=2 and MU2(x1,x2)=7. Then you can conclude that:
This consumer has Cobb-Douglas tastes
For this consumer good 1 and good 2 are perfect complements
For this consumer good 1 and good 2 are perfect substitutes
None of the above
Grace borrowed 169500 from ABC Ltd to be repaid over 2 years. Interest is charged at 15% pa compounded monthly and payments are made at the beginning of each month. Calculate balance after 13 payments.
After 13 payments, the balance remaining on Grace's loan from ABC Ltd can be calculated as follows. The loan amount was $169,500, and it is to be repaid over 2 years.
which is equivalent to 24 monthly payments. The interest rate is 15% per annum compounded monthly, and payments are made at the beginning of each month.
In summary, after making 13 payments, the balance remaining on Grace's loan will be $97,193.50.
To calculate this, we can use the formula for the future value of a loan with monthly compounding:
Balance = Loan Amount * ((1 + Monthly Interest Rate) ^ Number of Payments) - (Payment Amount * (((1 + Monthly Interest Rate) ^ Number of Payments) - 1) / Monthly Interest Rate))
In this case, the loan amount is $169,500, the monthly interest rate is (15% / 12) = 1.25%, the number of payments is 13, and the payment amount is not provided in the question. To find the payment amount, we can use the formula for calculating the monthly payment on a loan:
Payment Amount = Loan Amount * (Monthly Interest Rate / (1 - ((1 + Monthly Interest Rate) ^ -Number of Payments))))
By plugging in the given values and solving for the payment amount, we can then substitute it back into the first formula to calculate the balance after 13 payments.
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division A has variable manufacturing costs of 52 per unit and fixed costs of 12 per unit assuming that division a is operating at capacity what is the opportunity cost of an internal transfer when the market price is 78?
Opportunity cost is the value of the best alternative that must be foregone to undertake a particular activity or a choice.
In this case, Division A has variable manufacturing costs of $52 per unit and fixed costs of $12 per unit. Assuming that Division A is operating at capacity, the opportunity cost of an internal transfer when the market price is $78 is $52, which is the variable manufacturing cost.
Therefore, if Division A transfers the product internally, it will have to forego the opportunity to sell it in the market at a price of $78. The opportunity cost is the foregone profit from selling the product in the market, which is $26 ($78 market price - $52 variable cost per unit), but since Division A is operating at full capacity, the company will have to forgo the variable cost of producing another unit, which is $52.
Hence, the opportunity cost of internal transfer is $52.
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Closing entries involve four steps: (1) close credit balances in revenue (and gain) accounts to Income Summary. (2) close debit balances in expense (and loss) accounts to Income Summary, (3) close Income Summary to the Retained Earnings account, and (4) close Dividends account to Retained Earnings. A post-closing trial balance is a list of permanent accounts and their balances after all closing entries have been journalized and posted. Its purpose is to verify that (1) total debits equal total credits for permanent accounts and (2) all temporary accounts have zero balances.
This closing entry transfers the balance of revenue earned during the accounting period from the "Fees Earned" account to the temporary account called "Income Summary."
Based on the given information and the steps involved in closing entries, the first closing entry can be prepared as follows:
No. | Date | General Journal | Debit | Credit
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Dec 31 | Fees Earned | | $56,000
| | Income Summary | $56,000 |
In this entry:
- The credit balance in the "Fees Earned" account (revenue account) is closed to the "Income Summary" account. The amount is $56,000.
- There is no corresponding debit entry for this transaction.
This closing entry transfers the balance of revenue earned during the accounting period from the "Fees Earned" account to the temporary account called "Income Summary."
It's important to note that this is just the first closing entry, and additional entries are required to close the remaining accounts, such as expenses, withdrawals, and the final entry to close the "Income Summary" to the "Owner's Capital" account. The remaining steps need to be completed to finalize the closing process and prepare the company's financial statements accurately.
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Required information Learning Objective 04-P2: Describe and prepare closing entries. Closing entries involve four steps: (1) close credit balances in revenue (and gain) accounts to Income Summary, (2) close debit balances in expense (and loss) accounts to Income Summary, (3) close Income Summary to the capital account, and (4) close withdrawals account to owner's capital Part 2 of 2 0.5 points Closing Entries Illustration Closing Process Knowledge Check 01 The company's adjusted trial balance as follows includes the following accounts balances: Cash, $15,000: Equipment, $85,000 Accumulated Depreciation, $25,000; Accounts Payable, $10,000; Owner's Capital $59.000: Withdrawals, $2,000; Fees Eamed. $56,000; Depreciation Expense, $25,000, and Salaries Expense, $23,000. All accounts have normal balances Prepare the first closing entry by selecting the account names from the pull-down menus and entering dollar amounts in the debit and credit columns Answer is complete but not entirely correct. No Date General Journal Credit Debit 56.000 1 Do 31 56.000 * 8.000 Fcos carned Income summary Income summary Owner's Capital Owner's Capital Owner's Withdrawals 8.000 2.000 2.000.
(e) Use a = 0.4 to compute the exponential smoothing values for the time series. Time Series Value Week 1 2 3 4 in 5 6 18. 11 16 10 17 15 10 10.40 12.64 11.58 13.75 Forecast X X x X x
Using exponential smoothing with a smoothing factor of 0.4, the forecast values for the given time series are 2.4, 2.64, 3.384, 4.2304, and 8.5382, for weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
Exponential smoothing is a forecasting method that assigns weights to historical data, with the weights decreasing exponentially as the data becomes older. The smoothing factor, denoted by α, determines the rate at which the weights decrease.
To compute the exponential smoothing values for the time series, we start with the initial value, which is the actual value for week 1. For subsequent weeks, we use the formula:
Forecast for week t = α * Actual value for week t + (1 - α) * Forecast for week (t-1)
Given the time series values:
Week 1: 2
Week 2: 3
Week 3: 4
Week 4: 5
Week 5: 6
Week 6: 18
Using α = 0.4 and the formula mentioned above, we can calculate the exponential smoothing values:
Forecast for week 2 = 0.4 * 3 + (1 - 0.4) * 2 = 2.4
Forecast for week 3 = 0.4 * 4 + (1 - 0.4) * 2.4 = 2.64
Forecast for week 4 = 0.4 * 5 + (1 - 0.4) * 2.64 = 3.384
Forecast for week 5 = 0.4 * 6 + (1 - 0.4) * 3.384 = 4.2304
Forecast for week 6 = 0.4 * 18 + (1 - 0.4) * 4.2304 = 8.5382
Therefore, the exponential smoothing forecast values for weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are 2.4, 2.64, 3.384, 4.2304, and 8.5382, respectively.
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Suppose that in a week an American worker can produce 90 shirts or 2 computers and a Chinese worker can produce 90 shirts or 1 computers. more than shirts. Enter whole numbers. Question 16 An increase in the cost of producing a good or service will cause a leftward shift of the supply curve. True False Question 17 Are the following statements true or false?
An increase in the cost of producing a good or service will cause a leftward shift of the supply curve -True.
When the cost of producing a good or service increases, it becomes less profitable for suppliers to produce it. As a result, they may reduce the quantity supplied at each price level. This causes a leftward shift of the supply curve, indicating a decrease in supply.
The following statements are true. The information provided states that an American worker can produce either 90 shirts or 2 computers in a week, while a Chinese worker can produce either 90 shirts or 1 computer. Comparing these two scenarios, we can conclude that the Chinese worker is more productive in terms of computer production.
Remember, it's important to note that these statements are based on the given information and may vary in real-world situations.
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