0.0625 moles of nitrogen gas will be formed upon the complete reaction of 0.251 moles of ammonium nitrate.
How many moles of nitrogen gas are produced from 0.251 moles of ammonium nitrite?Upon the complete reaction of 0.251 moles of ammonium nitrite (NH4NO2), 0.0625 moles of nitrogen gas (N2) will be formed. This can be determined by examining the balanced chemical equation:
NH4NO2(aq) ⟶ N2(g) + H2O(l)
From the balanced equation, it is evident that for every 1 mole of ammonium nitrite, 0.25 moles of nitrogen gas are produced. Therefore, by multiplying the number of moles of ammonium nitrite (0.251 moles) by the mole ratio of nitrogen gas to ammonium nitrite (0.25 moles/1 mole), we obtain the result of 0.0625 moles of nitrogen gas.
Learn more about chemical reactions.
brainly.com/question/29762834
#SPJ11
A solution of sodium acetate (NaCH3COO) has a pH of 9.59. The acid-dissociation constant for acetic acid is 1.8×10−5. What is the molarity of the solu Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Expressing the molarity to two significant figures, the molarity of the sodium acetate solution is 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ M.
To find the molarity of the solution, we need to use the relationship between pH and the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of acetic acid.
The pH of a solution is related to the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. Since sodium acetate is a salt, it dissociates completely in water, meaning it does not contribute to the H+ ion concentration. Therefore, we only need to consider the acetic acid dissociation.
The pH can be calculated using the formula: pH = -log[H+]. Rearranging the equation, we get[tex][H+] = 10^(-pH)[/tex].
Given that the pH of the solution is 9.59, the concentration of H+ ions can be calculated as [tex][H+] = 10^(-9.59).[/tex]
Since acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak acid, it undergoes partial dissociation. The acid-dissociation constant (Ka) for acetic acid is given as 1.8×10⁻⁵. The dissociation reaction can be represented as follows:
CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COO- + H+
The concentration of CH₃COO- ions is equal to the concentration of H+ ions since one mole of acetic acid dissociates into one mole of CH₃COO- ions and one mole of H+ ions.
Therefore, the concentration of CH₃COO- ions is also 10⁻⁹ M.
To find the molarity of the solution, we add the concentrations of CH₃COOH and CH₃COO- ions:
Molarity = [CH₃COOH] + [CH₃COO-]
= 10⁻⁹ M + 10⁻⁹ M
= 2 × 10⁻⁹ M.
Expressing the molarity to two significant figures, the molarity of the sodium acetate solution is 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ M.
To know more about molarity visit-
https://brainly.com/question/31545539
#SPJ11
the molecular geometry about the carbon atoms in c2h6 is
In C2H6 molecule, there are two carbon atoms. The molecular formula for ethane is C2H6.The shape of an ethane molecule is tetrahedral.
The reason is that both carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized with the bond angles of 109.5 degrees. The shape of a molecule depends on the electron density in the bonding region of a molecule.To calculate the molecular geometry of C2H6 molecule, we have to look at the valence electrons of carbon atoms which are four each. As there are two carbon atoms, so the total valence electrons will be 8.
To form bonds, each carbon atom shares a pair of electrons from its outermost shell with the hydrogen atom.The molecular geometry around carbon atoms in C2H6 molecule is tetrahedral.
To know more about molecule visit-
https://brainly.com/question/32298217
#SPJ11
A chemical engineer studying the properties of fuels placed 1.480 g of a hydrocarbon in the bomb of calorimeter and filled it with O
2
gas. The bomb was immersed in 2.550 L of water and the reaction initiated. The water temperature rose from 20.00
∘
C to 23.55
∘
C. If the calorimeter (excluding the water) had a heat capacity of 403 J/K, what was the heat of reaction for combustion (q
V
) per gram of the fuel? (d for water =1.00 g/mL;c for water =4.184 J/g⋅
∘
C.) Enter your answer in scientific notation. ×10 J/g
The heat of reaction for combustion per gram of the fuel is approximately
To calculate the heat of reaction for combustion (qV) per gram of the fuel, we need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the heat absorbed by the water (qwater).
Step 2: Calculate the heat absorbed by the calorimeter (qcalorimeter).
Step 3: Calculate the total heat (qreaction) released in the reaction.
Step 4: Calculate the heat of reaction per gram of the fuel (qV) using the mass of the hydrocarbon.
Let's begin:
Step 1: Calculate the heat absorbed by the water (qwater):
The heat absorbed by the water can be calculated using the formula:
qwater = mass_water * specific_heat_water * temperature_change_water
Given:
Mass of water (m_water) = 2.550 L * 1.00 g/mL = 2550 g
Specific heat of water (c_water) = 4.184 J/g·°C
Temperature change of water (ΔT_water) = 23.55°C - 20.00°C = 3.55°C
qwater = 2550 g * 4.184 J/g·°C * 3.55°C
qwater = 37,097.4 J
Step 2: Calculate the heat absorbed by the calorimeter (qcalorimeter):
Given:
Calorimeter heat capacity (C_calorimeter) = 403 J/K
Temperature change of the calorimeter (ΔT_calorimeter) = 3.55°C
qcalorimeter = C_calorimeter * ΔT_calorimeter
qcalorimeter = 403 J/K * 3.55°C
qcalorimeter = 1,429.65 J
Step 3: Calculate the total heat (qreaction) released in the reaction:
Since the calorimeter is insulated, the heat released by the hydrocarbon combustion is absorbed by the water and calorimeter.
qreaction = qwater + qcalorimeter
qreaction = 37,097.4 J + 1,429.65 J
qreaction = 38,527.05 J
Step 4: Calculate the heat of reaction per gram of the fuel (qV):
Given:
Mass of hydrocarbon (m_hydrocarbon) = 1.480 g
qV = qreaction / m_hydrocarbon
qV = 38,527.05 J / 1.480 g
qV ≈ 26,008.65 J/g
To convert this to scientific notation, we move the decimal point three places to the left:
qV ≈ 2.600865 × 10^4 J/g
So, the heat of reaction for combustion (qV) per gram of the fuel is approximately 2.600865 × 10^4 J/g.
Learn more about reaction here:
https://brainly.com/question/16737295
#SPJ11
enter the ions formed when pb(c2h3o2)2 dissolves in water.
The ions formed when Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂ dissolves in water are Pb²⁺ and 2C₂H₃O₂⁻.
Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂ is an ionic compound with a formula weight of 379.34 g/mol. When it dissolves in water, the solid breaks apart into its component ions due to the dissociation process. In this case, the lead (Pb) ion has a +2 charge and the acetate (C₂H₃O₂) ion has a -1 charge. When they come into contact with water, they are solvated and separated from one another. This leaves the solution with Pb²⁺ and 2C₂H₃O₂⁻ ions floating around.
Pb²⁺ is a cation, which means it has a positive charge, and 2C₂H₃O₂⁻ is an anion, which means it has a negative charge. Both of these ions are charged and thus attract to the oppositely charged ions in the water molecules. The ions are separated and dissolved in the water, so they can be transported by the water.
Learn more about ionic compound here:
https://brainly.com/question/30420333
#SPJ11
find the ph, (ch3)3N and (ch3)3NH+ in a solution of 0.060M of trimethylammonium chloride
The pH of the solution is approximately 7.0, and the concentrations of (CH₃)₃N and (CH₃)₃NH⁺ are both approximately 0.060 M.
To find the pH and concentrations of (CH₃)₃N and (CH₃)₃NH⁺ in a solution of 0.060 M trimethylammonium chloride ([ (CH₃)₃N]Cl), we need to consider the acid-base equilibrium of the trimethylammonium ion.
Trimethylammonium chloride, (CH₃)₃NCl, dissociates in water to release (CH₃)₃NH⁺ ions and Cl⁻ ions. Since (CH₃)₃N is the conjugate base of (CH₃)₃NH⁺, we can represent the equilibrium as follows:
(CH₃)₃N⁺ + H₂O ⇌ (CH₃)₃NH⁺ + OH⁻
The concentration of (CH₃)₃NH⁺ in the solution will be the same as the concentration of (CH₃)₃NCl, which is 0.060 M.
Now, we can use the equilibrium expression for the ionization of (CH₃)₃NH⁺ to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH⁻, and pH:
Kw = [OH⁻][H₃O⁺]
Since water is neutral, [H₃O⁺] is equal to [OH⁻] in this case. Hence,
Kw = [OH⁻][OH⁻]
Given that Kw is a constant equal to 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C, we can solve for [OH⁻]:
[OH⁻]² = 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴
[OH⁻] ≈ 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ M
Since [H₃O⁺] is also approximately 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ M, we can use the equation pH = -log[H₃O⁺] to find the pH:
pH = -log(1.0 x 10⁻⁷) ≈ 7.0
Therefore, the pH of the solution is approximately 7.0, and the concentrations of (CH₃)₃N and (CH₃)₃NH⁺ are both approximately 0.060 M.
To know more about trimethylammonium ion, click here, https://brainly.com/question/30884996
#SPJ11
Application - Short Answer \& Calcalations (19 Marks) Complete the following guestions in the space prowided. Be sure to stow oll stepes for fall manks. 1. Tesosterine has a chemical formula CAHWO, , In a series of biochemical reactions, festosterone caa be converted in Estradiel, with the furnels C−2H2,O2 a) Caiculate the difference in melar mam beretes those tre moleculce. Show all yoar wark. (3 marks) estradiol ran be formed frum 5 moles of tratsitenine
The difference in molar mass between testosterone and estradiol is 44 g/mol.
Testosterone has a chemical formula of C19H28O2, while estradiol has a chemical formula of C18H24O2. To calculate the difference in molar mass between the two molecules, we need to subtract the molar mass of testosterone from the molar mass of estradiol.
Calculate the molar mass of testosterone.The molar mass of carbon (C) is 12.01 g/mol, the molar mass of hydrogen (H) is 1.008 g/mol, and the molar mass of oxygen (O) is 16.00 g/mol. By multiplying the respective subscripts in the chemical formula by their molar masses and adding them together, we get:
(19 * 12.01) + (28 * 1.008) + (2 * 16.00) = 288.42 g/mol.
Calculate the molar mass of estradiol.Following the same process, we find:
(18 * 12.01) + (24 * 1.008) + (2 * 16.00) = 272.39 g/mol.
Calculate the difference in molar mass.Subtracting the molar mass of testosterone from the molar mass of estradiol:
272.39 g/mol - 288.42 g/mol = -16.03 g/mol.
Therefore, the difference in molar mass between testosterone and estradiol is 16.03 g/mol (rounded to two decimal places). This indicates that estradiol is lighter than testosterone.
Learn more about Testosterone and estradiol
brainly.com/question/32370460
#SPJ11
When 2.313 grams of a hydrocarbon, C
x
H
y
, were burned in a combustion analysis apparatus, 7.257grams of CO
2
and 2.971 grams of H
2
O were produced. In a separate experiment, the molar mass of the compound was found to be 42.08 g/mol. Determine the empirical formula and the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. Enter the elements in the order presented in the question. empirical formula = molecular formula =
The empirical formula is CH₂and the molecular formula is C₃H₆.
The problem requires us to determine the empirical and molecular formulas of a hydrocarbon. We are given the mass of the hydrocarbon, as well as the masses of the combustion products (CO₂ and H₂O). We are also given the molar mass of the hydrocarbon, which will allow us to calculate its molecular formula. To determine the empirical formula, we must first find the mole ratios of the elements in the hydrocarbon by dividing the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles obtained.
To do this, we need to find the number of moles of C and H in the hydrocarbon. We know that the total mass of CO₂ produced is 7.257 g, and the molar mass of CO₂ s 44.01 g/mol.
Thus, the number of moles of CO₂ is: nCO₂ = mCO₂ / MCO₂
= 7.257 g / 44.01 g/mol
= 0.1653 mol.
Since each mole of CO₂ contains one mole of carbon, the number of moles of C in the hydrocarbon is also 0.1653 mol.
Similarly, the total mass of H₂O produced is 2.971 g, and the molar mass of H₂O is 18.02 g/mol.
Thus, the number of moles of H₂O is: nH₂O = mH₂O / MH₂O
= 2.971 g / 18.02 g/mol
= 0.1650 mol.
Since each mole of H₂O contains two moles of hydrogen, the number of moles of H in the hydrocarbon is 0.3300 mol.
The mole ratio of C to H is therefore: C : H = 0.1653 mol : 0.3300 mol = 1 : 2. Thus, the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon is CH₂.
To find the molecular formula, we need to determine the molecular mass of the empirical formula. The molecular mass of CH₂ is (12.01 g/mol × 1) + (1.01 g/mol × 2) = 14.03 g/mol. To determine the molecular formula, we need to divide the molar mass of the hydrocarbon by the molecular mass of the empirical formula: 42.08 g/mol ÷ 14.03 g/mol = 3. Thus, the molecular formula is three times the empirical formula: C₃H₆.
Learn more about empirical from the given link.
https://brainly.com/question/1603500
#SPJ11
What is the osmotic p. (atm) of a 0.30M son of glucose in water thet is vsed in IV infusron at body temp 37
∘
C ? R=0.08205
The osmotic pressure of the solution is 7.29 atm.
Osmotic pressure (π) is the pressure required to prevent osmosis from taking place across a semipermeable membrane. This pressure can be calculated using the formula:
π = MRT
where π is the osmotic pressure, M is the molarity of the solution, R is the gas constant (0.08205 L atm K−1 mol−1), and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Therefore, to find the osmotic pressure of a 0.30M solution of glucose in water used in IV infusion at body temperature (37°C), we can plug in the values:
π = (0.30 M) (0.08205 L atm K−1 mol−1) (310 K)
π = 7.29 atm
Therefore, the osmotic pressure of the solution is 7.29 atm.
To learn more about pressure, refer below:
https://brainly.com/question/29341536
#SPJ11
write and balance the equation for the combination of ammonia gas with solid copper
The equation for the combination of ammonia gas with solid copper can be written and balanced as follows:NH3 + Cu → Cu(NH3)2
The equation shows that one molecule of ammonia gas (NH3) combines with one atom of solid copper (Cu) to form a complex compound called copper tetraamine, Cu(NH3)2.
This reaction is an example of a Lewis acid-base reaction.
Ammonia acts as a Lewis base because it donates an electron pair, and copper acts as a Lewis acid because it accepts the electron pair.
NH3 + Cu → Cu(NH3)2 (balanced equation)
Here is the balanced equation of the reaction:2NH3 + Cu → Cu(NH3)2
The balanced equation shows that two molecules of ammonia gas (NH3) react with one atom of solid copper (Cu) to form one molecule of copper tetraamine, Cu(NH3)2.
Learn more about ammonia gas
brainly.com/question/13581770
#SPJ11
an illicit drug produced in dangerous clandestine labs across the country is
There are several illicit drugs that are produced in dangerous clandestine labs across the country. One notable example is methamphetamine, commonly known as meth.
The production of methamphetamine typically involves the synthesis of pseudoephedrine or ephedrine, which are found in certain over-the-counter medications. These precursor chemicals are then combined with a mixture of other toxic substances, such as solvents, acids, and reagents, in makeshift labs often located in residential areas or remote locations.
The clandestine production of methamphetamine poses significant risks not only to those involved in its manufacture but also to the surrounding communities. The process involves handling hazardous chemicals, which can lead to fires, explosions, and toxic fumes. The byproducts and waste generated during the manufacturing process are also highly toxic and pose environmental and health hazards.
Law enforcement agencies and regulatory bodies are actively involved in combating the production and distribution of illicit drugs like methamphetamine to protect public safety and health. It is important to note that the production, possession, and distribution of illicit drugs are illegal and carry severe legal consequences.
To learn more about methamphetamine
https://brainly.com/question/31791564
#SPJ11
is nacl (sodium chloride) an element, compound, or mixture?
NaCl (sodium chloride) is a compound and not an element or mixture.
A compound is defined as a substance made up of two or more chemically combined elements in a definite ratio by mass. Sodium and chloride are elements, but sodium chloride is a compound that has a one-to-one ratio of sodium ions to chloride ions. It is not a mixture because it has a fixed chemical formula and a specific arrangement of atoms.
In summary, NaCl (sodium chloride) is an example of a compound and is not an element or mixture. It is a common salt that is essential in many biological processes and is used for various purposes such as food preservation and water purification.
Learn more about element here:
https://brainly.com/question/1812430
#SPJ11
write the complete electron configuration for the nickel atom.
The electron configuration for the nickel atom is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8.
Here's a more detailed explanation: Electron configuration is a method for representing the arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells and subshells. Electrons fill orbitals in a specific order, according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's Rule, until all of the atom's electrons have been assigned an orbital.
The electron configuration for the nickel atom is as follows:
The first two electrons occupy the 1s subshell, which has a total of two orbitals. The next two electrons occupy the 2s subshell, which has a total of two orbitals. The next six electrons occupy the 2p subshell, which has a total of six orbitals. The next two electrons occupy the 3s subshell, which has a total of two orbitals. The next six electrons occupy the 3p subshell, which has a total of six orbitals. The next two electrons occupy the 4s subshell, which has a total of two orbitals. The final eight electrons occupy the 3d subshell, which has a total of ten orbitals.
However, because of the Aufbau Principle, the 4s subshell is filled before the 3d subshell, so the 3d subshell only contains eight electrons in nickel. Therefore, the complete electron configuration for the nickel atom is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8.
To know more about electron visit-
https://brainly.com/question/12001116
#SPJ11
A particular model of hybrid car can travel 53.0 miles gallon of gas. What is this fuel efficiency expressed in the metric system? [1 quart =0.946 L;1 mile =1.609 km ] a. 8.71 km/L b. 20.2 km/L c. 22.5 km/L d. 90 km/L 8. Aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/mL. What volume is occupied by a block of aluminum that weighs 4.32 kg ? a. 0.000625 mL b. 0.625 mL c. 1.60 mL d. 1.60 L
The fuel efficiency expressed in the metric system is approximately 22.5 km/L, which corresponds to answer choice c) and the volume occupied by the block of aluminum is approximately 1.60 L, which corresponds to answer choice d).
To convert the fuel efficiency from miles per gallon (mpg) to kilometers per liter (km/L), we need to use the conversion factors provided.
Firstly, we convert miles to kilometers by multiplying by 1.609 km/mile. Then, we convert gallons to liters by multiplying by 3.785 L/gallon. Dividing the distance in kilometers by the fuel consumption in liters, we can determine the fuel efficiency in km/L.
Fuel efficiency = (53.0 miles/gallon) [tex]\times[/tex] (1.609 km/mile) / (3.785 L/gallon) ≈ 22.5 km/L.
Therefore, the fuel efficiency expressed in the metric system is approximately 22.5 km/L, which corresponds to answer choice c).
Moving on to the second question, we can use the formula Density = Mass/Volume to find the volume occupied by the block of aluminum. Rearranging the formula, we have Volume = Mass/Density.
Volume = (4.32 kg) / (2.70 g/mL) [tex]\times[/tex] (1 mL / 1 cm³) [tex]\times[/tex] (1 cm³ / 1 mL) [tex]\times[/tex] (1 L / 1000 cm³) ≈ 1.60 L.
Therefore, the volume occupied by the block of aluminum is approximately 1.60 L, which corresponds to answer choice d).
Learn more about aluminum here: brainly.com/question/31913137
#SPJ11
To determine the amount caffeine in coke after removal of other components, a spectrophotometic method is used. The absorbance reading given by coke is 0.500 and a standard containing 8mg/100 ml gave 0.450.
a. What is the signal?
b. What is the calibration factor [concentration of caffeine in (mg/100 ml) per unit
absorbance] ?
c. What is the concentration of caffeine in coke?
A) The signal in this case is calculated as the difference in absorbance values i.e Signal = 0.500 - 0.450 = 0.050, b) Calibration Factor = (8 mg/100 ml) / (0.450) ≈ 17.78 mg/100 ml per unit absorbance and the C) concentration of caffeine in coke is approximately 0.0281 mg/100 ml.
a. The signal in this case refers to the difference in absorbance readings between the coke sample and the standard solution. It is calculated as the difference in absorbance values: Signal = Absorbance of Coke - Absorbance of Standard. Signal = 0.500 - 0.450 = 0.050
b. The calibration factor represents the relationship between the concentration of caffeine and the absorbance reading. It is determined by dividing the change in concentration by the change in absorbance: Calibration Factor = (Change in Concentration) / (Change in Absorbance)
In this case, the change in concentration is 8 mg/100 ml - 0 mg/100 ml = 8 mg/100 ml, and the change in absorbance is 0.450 - 0 = 0.450. Calibration Factor = (8 mg/100 ml) / (0.450) ≈ 17.78 mg/100 ml per unit absorbance c. To determine the concentration of caffeine in coke, we can use the calibration factor and the absorbance reading of the coke sample:
Concentration of Caffeine in Coke = Absorbance of Coke / Calibration Factor. of Caffeine in Coke = 0.500 / 17.78 mg/100 ml per unit absorbance. Concentration of Caffeine in Coke ≈ 0.0281 mg/100 ml. Therefore, the concentration of caffeine in coke is approximately 0.0281 mg/100 ml.
To know more about absorbance values refer:
https://brainly.in/question/30306088
#SPJ11
Rutherford's gold foil experiment did not a) Suggested the nucleus was positively charged. b) Suggested the mass of the atom was confined to an extremely small area. c) Lead to the plum pudding model of the atom. d) Suggested that the atom is mostly empty space. e) All the other answers are correct
The correct answer is c) Lead to the plum pudding model of the atom. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence against the plum pudding model and led to the development of a new atomic model known as the nuclear model.
The experiment suggested that the atom is mostly empty space, that the nucleus is positively charged and confined to a small area, and that electrons orbit the nucleus. These findings contradicted the assumptions of the plum pudding model, which proposed that the positive charge and mass of the atom were uniformly distributed throughout. Therefore, option c) is incorrect, and the correct answer is e) All the other answers are correct.
To learn more about plum pudding model:
https://brainly.com/question/30757648
#SPJ11
How many elements are there which are in gaseous state at room temperature?
At room temperature, there are 11 elements that exist in gaseous form. These elements include oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, chlorine, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, fluorine and radon. Gases are made up of molecules that are in constant random motion, and the particles are usually spaced far apart from one another.
There are three common states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Gases are the most compressible state of matter and can occupy any space and also can diffuse very quickly. Gases possess various chemical and physical properties, such as volume, pressure, and temperature. These properties may be used to calculate various gas laws, such as Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and the ideal gas law. Gases can be used in various applications, such as fuel, refrigeration, lighting, and medical procedures. Helium, for instance, is used to fill balloons because it is lighter than air and does not burn. Nitrous oxide is used as a dental anesthetic, and oxygen is used to sustain life. Radon, on the other hand, is a radioactive gas that is found in soil and rocks and can cause cancer.
To know more about gaseous state visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31195203
#SPJ11
an adult liver is 1.3x10 exponent 6 mg what is the mass in the
appropriate Sl unit?
According to the standard international system of units (SI), the mass of an adult liver, which is stated as 1.3 x 10-6 mg, is comparable to 1.3 kilogrammes (kg).
Within the framework of the International System of Units (SI), the kilogramme (kg) functions as the fundamental measuring device for mass. Because there are 1,000 milligrammes in one gramme and 1,000 grammes in one kilogramme, we need to divide the provided mass by 1,000 in order to convert milligrammes (mg) to kilogrammes. This is because one gramme is equal to one kilogramme.
We start with the known mass of an adult liver, which is 1.3 x 10-6 mg, then divide that number by 1,000 to get the mass in grammes.
1.3x10^6 mg ÷ 1,000 = 1.3x10^3 g
In order to convert the mass from grammes to kilogrammes, the next step is to divide it by another 1,000.
1.3x10^3 g ÷ 1,000 = 1.3 kg
Therefore, the mass of an adult liver, stated in the proper unit of the SI system, is 1.3 kilogrammes (kg).
Learn more about mass here:
https://brainly.com/question/11954533
#SPJ11
Balance the following half-reactions occurring in basic medium, then obtain the overall balanced redox reaction.
Ni(s) ----à NiO(s)
SO2(g) -----à S(s)
2. Write the following equation in ionic form, then net ionic form, and lastly, obtain the two balanced reduction and oxidation half-reactions showing the electrons in each. (3)
2FeCl3(aq) + 2KI(aq) --à 2FeCl2(aq) + 2KCl(aq) + I2(aq)
To balance the half-reactions in basic medium and obtain the overall balanced redox reaction:
Oxidation half-reaction: Ni(s) -> NiO(s)
To balance the oxidation half-reaction, we need to balance the atoms and charges. We can add water molecules (H2O) to balance oxygen atoms and hydroxide ions (OH-) to balance the charges. The balanced oxidation half-reaction is:Ni(s) + 2OH-(aq) -> NiO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e-
Reduction half-reaction: SO2(g) -> S(s)
To balance the b half-reaction, we balance the atoms and charges by adding water molecules (H2O) and hydroxide ions (OH-) as necessary. The balanced reduction half-reaction is:
SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 2e- -> S(s) + 4OH-(aq)
To obtain the overall balanced redox reaction, we combine the two half-reactions and cancel out the electrons:
Ni(s) + 2OH-(aq) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) -> NiO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- + S(s) + 4OH-(aq)
Simplifying the equation and removing the spectator ions (OH- and H2O) gives us the overall balanced redox reaction:
Ni(s) + SO2(g) -> NiO(s) + S(s)
The given equation is:
2FeCl3(aq) + 2KI(aq) -> 2FeCl2(aq) + 2KCl(aq) + I2(aq)
Ionic form:
2Fe^3+(aq) + 6Cl^-(aq) + 2K^+(aq) + 2I^-(aq) -> 2Fe^2+(aq) + 6Cl^-(aq) + 2K^+(aq) + I2(aq)
Net ionic form:
2Fe^3+(aq) + 2I^-(aq) -> 2Fe^2+(aq) + I2(aq)
Reduction half-reaction:
2Fe^3+(aq) + 6e- -> 2Fe^2+(aq)
Oxidation half-reaction:
2I^-(aq) -> I2(aq) + 2e-
These are the two balanced half-reactions, with the electrons shown in each
To learn more about oxidation:
https://brainly.com/question/13182308
#SPJ11
How do you account for the changes in Co2 without modern man and the burning of fossil fuels?
To account for changes in CO2 without modern man and the burning of fossil fuels, we need to consider natural processes that affect CO2 levels. Changes in CO2 levels can occur without modern man and the burning of fossil fuels. Natural factors such as volcanic activity, oceanic processes, and the Earth's carbon cycle all play a significant role.
1. Volcanic activity: Volcanoes release CO2 when they erupt. Over millions of years, volcanic activity has significantly contributed to CO2 levels in the atmosphere.
2. Oceanic processes: The oceans act as a carbon sink, absorbing and releasing CO2. Changes in ocean circulation, temperature, and biological activity can affect CO2 levels. For example, during warm periods, the oceans release CO2, while during cold periods, they absorb CO2.
3. Earth's natural carbon cycle: CO2 is naturally exchanged between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decay. Changes in these processes can influence CO2 levels.
In conclusion, changes in CO2 levels can occur without modern man and the burning of fossil fuels. Natural factors such as volcanic activity, oceanic processes, and the Earth's carbon cycle all play a significant role. It's important to understand these natural processes when studying CO2 variations throughout history.
To know more about fossil fuels, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/2582135
#SPJ11
hydrogen fuel cells can potentially be up to _____% efficient.
Hydrogen fuel cells can potentially be up to 60% efficient. A hydrogen fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy.
The process is a simple one. When hydrogen is combined with oxygen from the air, it reacts chemically and produces electrical energy, water, and heat. This method of converting chemical energy into electrical energy is known as an electrochemical reaction. A fuel cell is essentially a battery that is constantly replenished with fuel and oxygen to continue generating electricity. Fuel cells have the potential to be highly efficient and environmentally friendly sources of energy. For example, hydrogen fuel cells can potentially be up to 60% efficient.
To know more about electrochemical reaction, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31236808
#SPJ11
A chemistry student needs 90.0 mL. of ethanolamine for an experiment. By consulting the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, the student discovers that the density of ethanolamine is 1.02 g
cm
cm
−3
. Calculate the mass of ethanolamine the student should weigh out: Be sure your answer has the correct mumber of significant digits.
To calculate the mass of ethanolamine, we can use the formula: mass = volume × density. Given that the volume needed is 90.0 mL and the density is[tex]1.02 g/cm^3,[/tex]
we can plug in these values into the formula.[tex]mass = 90.0 mL × 1.02[/tex][tex]g/cm^3[/tex] To ensure the correct number of significant digits, we need to round the answer to the appropriate number of decimal places. Since the volume is given with three decimal places.
To ensure the correct number of significant digits, we need to round the answer to the appropriate number of decimal places mass = [tex]90.0 mL × 1.02 g/cm^3 = 91.8 g[/tex]Therefore, the student should weigh out 91.8 grams of ethanolamine for the experiment.
To know more about ethanolamine visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31750967
#SPJ11
In terms of significant digits, since the given volume has three significant digits, we should have three significant digits in the final answer as well. So the mass of ethanolamine the student should weigh out is 92 g.
To calculate the mass of ethanolamine the student should weigh out, we can use the formula:
Mass = Density x Volume
Given:
Density of ethanolamine = 1.02 g/cm^3
Volume needed = 90.0 mL
First, let's convert the volume from milliliters (mL) to cubic centimeters (cm^3) since they are equivalent:
90.0 mL = 90.0 cm^3
Now, we can calculate the mass of ethanolamine:
Mass = 1.02 g/cm^3 x 90.0 cm^3
Using the formula, we find:
Mass = 91.8 g
Therefore, the student should weigh out 91.8 grams of ethanolamine for the experiment.
Learn more about ethanolamine :
https://brainly.com/question/31750967
#SPJ11
list 25 parts of impulse turbine and the puropse/ function of
each
The 25 parts of impulse turbine and the purpose/ function of
each are:
Rotor blades: are used to change the energy in moving air or water into spinning energy.Nozzles: are used to manage how fluid flows and which way it goes onto the rotor blades.Diaphragms: are used in turbines to keep the high-pressure and low-pressure sections separate so that the turbine can work efficiently.A casing: is like a cover that goes around the turbine and helps hold all its parts in place.A shaft: is a part that moves energy from a spinning part to a generator or another tool.Bearings: are parts that help the shaft move easily and without any problems.Seals: stop fluid from leaking out of the turbine.Governor: controls the speed and power produced by the turbine according to the amount of work needed.Inlet guide vanes help the fluid flow onto the rotor blades at the right angle.Diffusers: help to slow down the fluid and boost its pressure as it moves away from the rotor blades.Seals: help stop fluid from leaking between the rotor blades.Blade root attachments are used to safely connect the rotor blades to the rotor disk.A balance drum: helps to reduce the pressure on the turbine.Labyrinth seals are used to stop fluid from leaking between parts that move and parts that stay still.Casing drains: are used to get rid of any water or dirt that builds up in the casing.Cooling passages: are used to cool down different parts of a turbine and prevent them from getting too hot.Struts: These help keep the diaphragms and rotor blades stable and supported.Stator blades" help direct the movement of fluid and change the leftover pressure into movement energy.Shroud ring: Stops the rotor blades from moving outwards.A rotor disk: is a part that joins the blades on a rotor and moves the rotating power to the shaft.The exhaust hood: gathers the liquid coming out of the turbine and guides it towards the condenser or other machinery.Blade platforms: Connect the separate rotor blades together and make sure they are strong and stable.Blade locking: this mechanisms make sure that the rotor blades stay attached to the rotor disk and don't move.Temperature sensors: are used to check the temperature of different parts of a turbine so that they don't get too hot.Drains and vents: Take out air and gathered moisture from the turbine to keep it working well.What is the impulse turbine functionThe parts of impulse turbine are defined below
Rotor blades are designed to convert the energy from moving fluid into circular motion.Nozzle: This part controls how fast the fluid is going and points it towards the spinning blades.The casing is like a cover that surrounds the rotor and stator blades. It helps create a specific path for the fluid to flow through.The diaphragm is a part of the turbine that keeps the high-pressure and low-pressure sections separate from each other.Shaft: Sends the spinning power from the rotor blades to the machine it's connected to.Bearings are used to help hold up a spinning shaft and make it move more easily by reducing the rubbing or resistance.Steam Chest: A place where steam is stored and sent out to the nozzles.The governor is in charge of making the turbine go faster or slower by changing how much steam goes into it.Balance Piston: A part that helps keep the rotor in the right place and reduces shaking.Labyrinth seals are used to stop steam from escaping between the spinning part and the outer casing.Thermocouples are used to measure the temperature in different areas of a turbine in order to keep track of how well it is working.De-superheater: Makes steam cooler by getting rid of extra heat.Condenser: Changes the used steam back into liquid.Vacuum Pump: Keeps the condenser empty to make the steam turn into liquid faster.An exhaust hood gathers steam that has been used and sends it to the condenser.The moisture separator takes out any liquid drops from the steam before it goes into the condenser.The lubrication system helps keep the bearings and other parts that move smoothly by providing lubrication.Coupling is what connects the turbine's spinning shaft to either the load or the generator.Control valves are used to control or regulate the amount of steam that flows into the turbine.Blade Root: Joins the rotor blades to the rotor disc.Blade Tip: The very end of the rotor blades, where they come into contact with the fluid.The shroud is a covering on the end of the rotor blades that helps them move through the air more efficiently.An expansion joint is used to allow the turbine components to expand and contract due to changes in temperature.Instrumentation and Control System: It keeps track of and manages different aspects of the turbine to make sure it operates safely and effectively.Read more about impulse turbine here:
https://brainly.com/question/33292766
#SPJ4
A sample of 6.895 grams of a compound containing carbon and hydrogen reacts with oxygen at elevated temperatures to yield 21.95 grams of CO
2
and 8.088 grams of H
2
O. (a) Calculate the masses of C and H in the sample. Grams: C= g; H= (b) Does the compound contain any other elements? (c) What are the mass percentages of C and H in the compound? Mass percentages: C= %;H= (d) What is the empirical formula of the compound? Enter the elements in the order presented in the question. empirical formula =
(a) The masses of C and H in the sample are approximately C = 5.98 g and H = 0.906 g.
(b) The mass of oxygen is very small (0.009 g), it indicates that there is likely no other element present in the compound.
(c) The mass percentages of C and H in the compound are approximately C = 86.8% and H = 13.2%
(d) The empirical formula of the compound is CH10H18.
To solve this problem, we need to follow a step-by-step approach.
(a) Calculate the masses of C and H in the sample:
Given:
Mass of CO2 = 21.95 g
Mass of H2O = 8.088 g
We can calculate the number of moles of CO2 and H2O:
Molar mass of CO2 = 12.01 g/mol (C) + 2(16.00 g/mol) (O) = 44.01 g/mol
Molar mass of H2O = 2(1.01 g/mol) (H) + 16.00 g/mol (O) = 18.02 g/mol
Moles of CO2 = mass of CO2 / molar mass of CO2 = 21.95 g / 44.01 g/mol
Moles of H2O = mass of H2O / molar mass of H2O = 8.088 g / 18.02 g/mol
Next, we need to determine the moles of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) in the compound. Since CO2 contains one mole of carbon and H2O contains two moles of hydrogen, we can write the following equations:
Moles of C = Moles of CO2
Moles of H = 2 * Moles of H2O
Now, let's calculate the masses of C and H:
Mass of C = Moles of C * molar mass of C
Mass of H = Moles of H * molar mass of H
Substituting the values:
Mass of C = Moles of CO2 * 12.01 g/mol
Mass of H = 2 * (Moles of H2O) * 1.01 g/mol
Now, let's calculate the values:
Moles of CO2 = 21.95 g / 44.01 g/mol ≈ 0.498 mol
Moles of H2O = 8.088 g / 18.02 g/mol ≈ 0.449 mol
Mass of C = 0.498 mol * 12.01 g/mol ≈ 5.98 g
Mass of H = 2 * (0.449 mol) * 1.01 g/mol ≈ 0.906 g
Therefore, the masses of C and H in the sample are approximately:
C = 5.98 g
H = 0.906 g
(b) To determine if the compound contains any other elements, we can calculate the mass of oxygen (O) in the sample:
Mass of O = (Mass of the sample) - (Mass of C) - (Mass of H)
= 6.895 g - 5.98 g - 0.906 g
= 0.009 g
Since the mass of oxygen is very small (0.009 g), it indicates that there is likely no other element present in the compound.
(c) To calculate the mass percentages of C and H in the compound:
Mass percentage of C = (Mass of C / Mass of the sample) * 100
Mass percentage of H = (Mass of H / Mass of the sample) * 100
Substituting the values:
Mass percentage of C = (5.98 g / 6.895 g) * 100 ≈ 86.8%
Mass percentage of H = (0.906 g / 6.895 g) * 100 ≈ 13.2%
Therefore, the mass percentages of C and H in the compound are approximately:
C = 86.8%
H = 13.2%
(d) To determine the empirical formula of the compound, we need to find the ratio of the moles of C and H in the simplest whole-number form. Divide both moles by the smallest value to obtain the ratio:
Moles of C = 0.498 mol
Moles of H = 2 * 0.449 mol = 0.898 mol
Dividing both moles by 0.498 (the smallest value):
Moles of C ≈ 0.498 mol / 0.498 mol = 1 mol
Moles of H ≈ 0.898 mol / 0.498 mol ≈ 1.8 mol
The ratio of C to H is approximately 1:1.8. To simplify it further, we can multiply by 10 to get a whole number ratio:
C ≈ 10
H ≈ 18
Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is CH10H18.
To learn more about empirical formula visit:
brainly.com/question/32125056
#SPJ11
What is the volume (in cm
3
) of a 43.6 g piece of metal with a density of 2.71 g/cm
3
? A) 16.1 B) 19.5 C) 0.425 D) 6.65 E) none of the above
The volume of the metal is approximately 16.1 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex], which corresponds to answer choice A).
To calculate the volume of the metal, we can use the formula
Density = Mass/Volume, and rearrange it to solve for Volume:
Volume = Mass/Density.
Plugging in the values given, we have
Volume = [tex]\frac{43.6 g}{2.71}[/tex] g/[tex]cm^{3}[/tex] ≈ 16.1 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex].
Therefore, the volume of the metal is approximately 16.1 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex], which corresponds to answer choice A).
Learn more about metal here: brainly.com/question/2879928
#SPJ11
What is the % non-ionization of the following drug at pH=7.4 given the pKa=5.0. SHOW YOUR WORK. What is the % ionization for the following drug at pH=7.4 given a pKa=9.5?
The % ionization of the drug is:[A-] / ([A-]+[HA]) x 100% = 2.44% and the % non-ionization of the drug is 88.1%.
The % non-ionization and % ionization of a drug depend on its pKa and pH. The pKa of a drug is the pH at which 50% of the drug is ionized and 50% of the drug is non-ionized. The pH of a drug solution affects the % ionization of the drug because it determines the ratio of non-ionized and ionized forms of the drug. Below is the solution to the given questions:
What is the % non-ionization of the following drug at pH=7.4 given the pKa=5.0.
To find the % non-ionization of the drug, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
Where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base of the drug and [HA] is the concentration of the non-ionized form of the drug. At the pKa, the concentration of the conjugate base and the non-ionized form is equal, so the equation becomes:
pH = pKa + log(1) or log(1) = 0.
The log(1) is equal to zero. Therefore, we can rewrite the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation as:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) = pKa + 0% = 5.0.
The pH of the solution is 7.4, which is greater than the pKa. This means that the pH is closer to the pKa of the drug's acid form, which is HA. The percentage non-ionization is calculated using the formula: % Non-ionization = [HA]/([A-] + [HA]) = 100 / (1 + 10^(pH-pKa)) = 100 / (1 + 10^(7.4-5.0)) = 88.1%.
To find the % ionization of the drug, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation as mentioned above.
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
When pH = pKa, then [HA] = [A-], which means that the drug is 50% ionized and 50% non-ionized. Therefore, we can calculate the % ionization by comparing the pH to the pKa:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) => log([A-]/[HA]) = pH - pKa => [A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH-pKa)
At pH = 7.4 and pKa = 9.5:[A-]/[HA] = 10^(7.4 - 9.5) = 0.025
Note: The higher the pH is above the pKa, the higher the % ionization will be. Conversely, the lower the pH is below the pKa, the higher the % non-ionization will be.
To learn more about drug click here:
https://brainly.com/question/26254731#
#SPJ11
The formation constant* of [M(CN)4]2− is 7.70×10^16, where M is a generic metal.
A 0.150 mole quantity of M(NO3)2 is added to a liter of 0.950 M NaCN solution.
What is the concentration of M2+ ions at equilibrium?
[M2+]= __ M
The concentration of M2+ ions at equilibrium is 1.89 x 10^(-5) M.
Calculate the concentration of [M(CN)4]2− ions.
The formation constant (Kf) of [M(CN)4]2− is given as 7.70 x 10^16. This constant relates to the equilibrium expression for the formation of [M(CN)4]2− from M2+ and CN− ions. The equilibrium expression is:
[M2+][CN−]^4 / [M(CN)4]2− = Kf
Set up the equilibrium expression and calculate the concentration of [M(CN)4]2− ions.
We are given that 0.150 moles of M(NO3)2 is added to a liter of 0.950 M NaCN solution. Since each M(NO3)2 molecule will form one M2+ ion, the initial concentration of M2+ ions is 0.150 M. The concentration of CN− ions is 0.950 M since it comes from the NaCN solution. At equilibrium, the concentration of [M(CN)4]2− ions is not known and can be represented as [M(CN)4]2−.
Plugging in the given values, we have:
(0.150)(0.950)^4 / [M(CN)4]2− = 7.70 x 10^16
Simplifying the equation, we find:
[M(CN)4]2− = (0.150)(0.950)^4 / (7.70 x 10^16)
Calculating this expression gives us the concentration of [M(CN)4]2− ions.
Calculate the concentration of M2+ ions at equilibrium.
Since the formation of [M(CN)4]2− involves the consumption of M2+ ions, the concentration of M2+ ions at equilibrium is equal to the initial concentration minus the concentration of [M(CN)4]2− ions. Therefore, we have:
[M2+] = 0.150 - [M(CN)4]2−
Substituting the value of [M(CN)4]2− obtained from the previous step into this equation, we can calculate the concentration of M2+ ions at equilibrium.
In summary, the concentration of M2+ ions at equilibrium is found to be 1.89 x 10^(-5) M.
Learn more about equilibrium
brainly.com/question/30694482
#SPJ11
Use compound formulas to determine element composition. A sample of butanol, C
4
H
10
O, contains 3.57 mol of the compound. Determine the amount (in mol) of each element present and the number of atoms of each element present in the sample.
In the sample of butanol, there are 14.28 mol of carbon, 35.7 mol of hydrogen, and 3.57 mol of oxygen.
There are approximately 8.60 × 10^24 carbon atoms, 2.15 × 10^25 hydrogen atoms, and 2.15 × 10^24 oxygen atoms.
To determine the amount of each element and the number of atoms present in a sample of butanol (C4H10O), we can analyze the compound's formula.
The formula tells us that there are 4 carbon atoms (C4), 10 hydrogen atoms (H10), and 1 oxygen atom (O) in one molecule of butanol.
Given that the sample contains 3.57 mol of butanol, we can calculate the amount of each element using the molar ratios from the formula:
Amount of carbon (C) = 4 mol C4H10O/mol × 3.57 mol = 14.28 mol C
Amount of hydrogen (H) = 10 mol H10O/mol × 3.57 mol = 35.7 mol H
Amount of oxygen (O) = 1 mol O/mol × 3.57 mol = 3.57 mol O
Therefore, in the sample of butanol, there are 14.28 mol of carbon, 35.7 mol of hydrogen, and 3.57 mol of oxygen.
To determine the number of atoms, we multiply the amount of each element by Avogadro's number (6.022 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms/mol):
Number of carbon atoms = 14.28 mol C × 6.022 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms/mol ≈ 8.60 × [tex]10^{24}[/tex] atoms of C
Number of hydrogen atoms = 35.7 mol H × 6.022 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms/mol ≈ 2.15 × [tex]10^{25}[/tex] atoms of H
Number of oxygen atoms = 3.57 mol O × 6.022 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms/mol ≈ 2.15 × [tex]10^{24}[/tex] atoms of O
Therefore, in the sample of butanol, there are approximately 8.60 × [tex]10^{24}[/tex] carbon atoms, 2.15 × [tex]10^{25}[/tex] hydrogen atoms, and 2.15 × [tex]10^{24}[/tex] oxygen atoms.
Learn more about molecule here:
https://brainly.com/question/32298217
#SPJ11
What is the formula for molarity? Using the formula for molarity, if you have 25.0 mL of 1.00M acetic acid, calculate the moles of acetic acid in this amount. Show your sét-up in order receive credit. (b) Using your answer from part (a), if the mole ratio for the reaction is for every 3 moles of acetic acid you need 1 mole of sodium bicarbonate, calculate the moles of sodium bicarbonate needed. Show your set-up in order to receive credit. (c) Using your answer from part (b), calculate the mass ( in grams ) of solid sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO
3
) needed for the reaction. Show your set-up in order to receive credit.
The moles of acetic acid in 25.0 mL of 1.00M solution is 0.0250 moles. According to the mole ratio, 0.0250 moles of acetic acid will require 0.00833 moles of sodium bicarbonate. The mass of solid sodium bicarbonate needed for the reaction is approximately 0.700 grams.
(a) The formula for molarity (M) is:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)
Given:
Volume of acetic acid = 25.0 mL = 0.025 L
Molarity of acetic acid = 1.00 M
Using the formula for molarity:
1.00 M = moles of acetic acid / 0.025 L
Rearranging the equation to solve for moles of acetic acid:
moles of acetic acid = 1.00 M × 0.025 L = 0.025 moles
(b) Given the mole ratio of 3 moles acetic acid to 1 mole sodium bicarbonate:
Moles of sodium bicarbonate = (moles of acetic acid) / 3
Moles of sodium bicarbonate = 0.025 moles / 3 = 0.00833 moles
(c) The molar mass of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is 84.01 g/mol.
Mass of sodium bicarbonate = (moles of sodium bicarbonate) × (molar mass of NaHCO3)
Mass of sodium bicarbonate = 0.00833 moles × 84.01 g/mol = 0.700 g (rounded to three decimal places)
Learn more about sodium bicarbonate here
https://brainly.com/question/13176639
#SPJ11
how many electrons does fluorine have in its outer shell
Fluorine (F) has seven electrons in its outermost shell. This shell is referred to as the valence shell.
Fluorine is the element with the atomic number 9, which means it has nine protons in its nucleus. It has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p5, with two electrons in the first energy level, two electrons in the second energy level, and five electrons in the third energy level.
The outermost electrons in the third energy level, that is, 2s2p5, are referred to as valence electrons. They participate in chemical bonding and determine the chemical properties of the element.
Fluorine requires one more electron to complete its octet, which is a stable configuration of eight valence electrons. This is why it is highly reactive and tends to gain an electron from other elements to form the fluoride ion (F-) in chemical reactions.
Learn more about nucleus
brainly.com/question/23366064
#SPJ11
Calculate the pH of a solution of hydrobromic acid with a molar concentration of 0.026 mol L
−1
. Give your answer to 2 decimal places. Answer: Calculate the pH of a solution of benzoic acid, with a molar concentration of 0.026 mol L
−1
. Data: K
a
=6.3×10
−5
Give your answer to 2 decimal places. Answer: In questions 3 and 4 above, you have calculated the pH of two acids in aqueous solution. Both acids had the same concentration. Explain the reason for the different pH values.
Question 3. The pH of a 0.026 mol/L hydrobromic acid solution is approximately 1.58, question 4. the pH of a 0.026 mol/L benzoic acid solution is approximately 2.90, due to the difference in dissociation behavior between strong and weak acids.
The pH of a solution is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) present in the solution. The higher the concentration of H+, the lower the pH value.
In question 3, we have hydrobromic acid (HBr), which is a strong acid. Strong acids completely dissociate in water, releasing all of their H+ ions. Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions in the solution is equal to the concentration of hydrobromic acid (0.026 mol/L). Since it is a strong acid, the pH can be calculated directly using the equation:
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(0.026) ≈ 1.58
In question 4, we have benzoic acid (C6H5COOH), which is a weak acid. Weak acids only partially dissociate in water, resulting in a lower concentration of H+ ions compared to the concentration of the acid itself. The dissociation of benzoic acid can be represented by the equilibrium equation:
C6H5COOH ⇌ C6H5COO- + H+
Since benzoic acid is a weak acid, only a fraction of it will dissociate, resulting in a lower concentration of H+ ions. Therefore, the pH of the solution will be higher compared to the strong acid with the same concentration.
The pH of benzoic acid can be calculated using the equilibrium expression and the Ka value:
Ka = [C6H5COO-][H+] / [C6H5COOH]
Assuming that the dissociation is small compared to the initial concentration, we can approximate the concentration of H+ as the square root of the Ka multiplied by the initial concentration:
[H+] ≈ sqrt(Ka * [C6H5COOH])
[H+] ≈ sqrt(6.3×10^-5 * 0.026) ≈ 1.27×10^-3 mol/L
pH = -log([H+])
pH = -log(1.27×10^-3) ≈ 2.90
Therefore, even though both acids have the same concentration, the different pH values arise from the difference in their dissociation behavior. The strong acid (HBr) completely dissociates, resulting in a higher concentration of H+ ions and a lower pH value. The weak acid (benzoic acid) only partially dissociates, resulting in a lower concentration of H+ ions and a higher pH value.
To know more about hydrobromic acid :
https://brainly.com/question/10255055
#SPJ11
