Acetophenone was treated by one equivalent of lda, followed by one equivalent of \it{tert}-butyl bromide. what are the most likely reaction products?

The highest energy transition state in the solvolysis of [tex](CH_{3} )_{3} CI[/tex] in [tex]CH_{3} OH[/tex] is given as ,

The mechanism of solvolysis of tert-butyl iodide follow nucleophilic substitution reaction . The nucleophilc substitution reaction are two types one unimolecular and second bimolecular  nucleophilc substitution .

The mechanism of solvolysis of tert-butyl iodide follows unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction in which carbocation is the intermediate which as a transition state of it. The carbocation formed by  solvolysis of tert-butyl iodide is 3° carbocation or tertiary carbocation which is most stable. The methanol as neutral nucleophile and oxygen of methanol  attack at carbocation intermediate.

Therefore , the highest energy transition state in the solvolysis of [tex](CH_{3} )_{3} CI[/tex] in [tex]CH_{3} OH[/tex] is given .

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1 to 2 feet (cubed) per person per year can be accumulated in lagoon systems.

Lagoons are basin-like to collect, retain, and treat wastewater for a predefined amount of time. They are pond-like bodies of water.

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The balanced chemical equation in a basic solution will be,

[tex]BrO^{-} + 4OH^{-} +4Fe^{+3}[/tex] → [tex]BrO_{3} ^{-} + 4H_{2} O+4Fe^{+2}[/tex]

The reaction in which oxidation and reduction reaction takes place simultaneously is called redox reaction or oxidation - reduction reaction .

Rules for the balanced chemical equation in a basic solution are :

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation in a basic solution will be,

[tex]BrO^{-} + 4OH^{-} +4Fe^{+3}[/tex] → [tex]BrO_{3} ^{-} + 4H_{2} O+4Fe^{+2}[/tex]

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

You are looking for   kg / L

  3.188 kg / 3.23 L = .987  kg/L

The total pressure of the gases in the vessel is found out by using the partial pressures of individual gases and adding them up. The total pressure of the gases in the vessel is 1.72 atm.

The Partial pressure of the gases is the individual pressure of the gases present in a vessel containing a mixture of gases. The total pressure can be found out by adding partial pressure of all gases.

Given:

Volume of vessel, V= 32.5L

Mass of Nitrogen gas = 2.8g

Mass of Hydrogen gas = 0.403g

Mass of Argon gas = 79.9g

We know that:

             Molar Mass of Nitrogen gas = 28g

             Molar Mass of Hydrogen gas = 2g

             Molar Mass of Argon gas = 40g

∴ Moles of gas = Given mass / Molar mass

∴ Using the Ideal Gas Equation:

PV = nRT

where, P is the Pressure of gas

V is the volume of gas

n is the moles of gas

R is the Universal Gas constant

T is the temperature

Applying the above equation of all three gases indivudually,

∴ For Nitrogen,

P₁V = n₁RT                    

⇒ P₁ × 32.5 = 2.8/28 × 0.082 × 298

⇒ P₁ = 0.07atm

∴ For Hydrogen,

P₂V = n₂RT                    

⇒ P₂ × 32.5 = 0.4/2 × 0.082 × 298

⇒ P₂ = 0.15 atm

∴ For Argon,

P₃V = n₃RT                    

⇒ P₃ × 32.5 = 79.9/40 × 0.082 × 298

⇒ P₃ = 1.5 atm

∴ Total pressure of vessel, P = P₁ + P₂ + P₃

                                         P = 1.72 atm

The total pressure of the gases in the vessel is 1.72 atm.

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Explanation:

harmful effects of ozone layer depletion on human being are as follows :

i. It increases in certain type of cancer.

ii. It increases in eyes cataracts.

iii. It increases in immune deficiency disorder.

iv. It changes the climate.

The mass percent composition of C in glycine is 31.66%.

The formula mass of a substance is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of constituent atoms in an ionic compound. This is generally used for ionic compounds which do not contain discrete molecules, but ions as their constituent units.

Given,

Formula mass of C2H5NO2 = Molar mass of C2H5NO2

Molar mass of C2H5NO2 = 75.08 g

Futher we know that the 75.08g of glycine contain 24 g of carbon,

then mass percent composition of C in glycine can be given as,

% C = (mass of carbon/ molar mass of glycine) ×100

%C = (24/ 75.8) × 100

= 31.66%

Thus, we find that the mass percent composition of C in glycine is 31.66%.

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Answer:

? = 61.5%

Explanation:

To find the percent abundance of 4d nails, you need to use the following equation:

Percent Abundance = (number of nails / total nails) x 100%

Percent Abundance (4d) = (123 / 123 + 77) x 100%

                                          =  (123 / 200) x 100%

                                          = 0.615 x 100%

                                          =  61.5%

The minimum amount of heat wasted in the production of methanol is 239kJ/mol of heat.

Now we know that the enthalpy is the heat that is released or absorbed in a reaction. The reaction involves the combination of reactants that leads to the formation of the product(s).

Now we know that the production of methanol leads to the evolution of about 239kJ/mol of heat. This heat is wasted as it goes to no good use but is just lost to the environment.

As such, the minimum amount of heat wasted in the production of methanol is 239kJ/mol of heat.

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When the solute concentration in solution 1 is lower than the solute concentration in solution 2, solution 2 is concentrated solution .

The dilute solution and concentrated solution is relative terms.

Now in any solution there are just solute and solvent.

If amount of solute is comparatively high as compare to amount of solvent  in solution then solution is called concentrated solution. Similarly , If amount of solute is comparatively low as compare to amount of solvent  in solution then solution is called dilute solution.

If the amount of solvent is more in a solution then the amount of solute would be less.Again if the amount of solvent is less in a solution then amount of solute is more.

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Answer:

Correct option is B)

According to de-Broglie, 

λ=mvh=6.023×10232×5×104cm/sec6.62×10−27ergsec=4×10−8cm=4Ao

The pH of a 0.250m solution of succinic acid is 2.42.

Succinic acid is one of the naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid having four carbon, which is produced by LPG.

It can be used in many chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

Given,

pKa = 4.21

As we know that,

pKa = - logKa

4.21 = -logKa

Ka = antilog(-4.21)

Ka = 6.1 × 10^(-5)

Now, let the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = x

Ka = [H+] [A-] /[HA]

6.1 × 10^(-5) = x^2/ (0.25-x)

x^2 = 1.52 × 10^(-5)

x = 3.89 × 10^(-3)

Thus, the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = 3.89 × 10^(-3).

Now, we will calculate the value of pH

pH = - log[H+]

pH = -log(3.89 × 10^(-3))

pH = 2.42

Thus, we found that the pH of the given solution is 2.42.

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During action potential, positively charged  sodium ions move inside the cell.

So option D is correct one.

The sodium ion moves inside the cell during a action potential. The stage of action potential is called depolarization . This open voltage gated sodium channel.

Action potentials ( those electrical impulse that send signals around body )  is nothing but more than temporary shift ( from negative to positive ) in the neuron's membrane potential caused by ions suddenly flowing in and out of the neuron.

It consists of phases:

An active potential propagates along the cell membrane of an axon until  it reaches the terminal button.

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Two months later 13.8 milligrams of the barium-131 still be radioactive.

It is expressed as:

[tex]A = A_{0} \times (\frac{1}{2})^{t/T}[/tex]

where,

A = Amount remaining

A₀ = Initial Amount

t = time

T = Half life

Here

A₀ = 0.50g

t  = 2 months = 60 days

T = 11.6 days  

Now put the values in above expression we get

[tex]A = A_{0} \times (\frac{1}{2})^{t/T}[/tex]

   [tex]= 0.50 \times (\frac{1}{2})^{60/11.6}[/tex]

   [tex]= 0.50 \times (\frac{1}{2})^{5.17}[/tex]

   = 0.50 × 0.0277

   = 0.0138 g

   = 13.8 mg          [1 mg = 1000 g]

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Two months later 13.8 milligrams of the barium-131 still be radioactive.

Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Question: Suppose that 0.50 grams of ban that 0.50 grams of barium-131 are administered orally to a patient. Approximately many milligrams of the barium would still be radioactive two months later? The half-life of barium-131 is 11.6 days.

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If it takes 35.04ml of a 0.2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25. 00ml of an unknown HCl solution, the molarity of the HCl solution is 0.34M.

The molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:

C1V1 = C2V2

Where;

According to this question, it takes 35. 04ml of a 0. 2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25.00ml of an unknown HCl solution. The molarity of the HCl can be calculated as follows:

35.04 × 0.2455 = 25.0 × V2

8.602 = 25C2

C2 = 8.6/25

C2 = 0.34M

As a result, the molarity of the HCl solution is 0.34M if it takes 35. 04ml of a 0.2455M NaOH solution to neutralize 25ml of an unknown HCl solution.

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The work done on the surroundings by the expansion of a gas is w = –pdv .The statement is true.

The work is the energy required to move a system or body or anything against a force is called work. The word done = force×distance

Work done in an isobaric process is given by

W = PΔV

Where W = Work done

P =pressure

ΔV = change in volume

In a free expansion , the gas is allowed to expand into a vacuum.

This happens so quickly , so there is no heat transferred . No work is done , because the gas does not display anything.

W = PΔV

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The concentration of the original calcium ions is 0.005 M

The term concentration has to do with the amount of substance in solution. We know that the concentration can be measured in a lot of units such as mole/litre, grams per litre, percentage and so on.

As such we have the equation;

Ca^2+(aq) + (NH4)2CrO4(aq) --------> CaCrO4(s) + 2NH4^+(aq)

Number of moles of the precipitate = 346.7 * 10^-3 g/156 g/mol

= 0.0022 moles

Now;

1 mole of Ca^2+ produces 1 mole of CaCrO4 hence 0.0022 moles of CaCrO4 was produced by  0.0022 moles of CaCrO4.

Given that the volume of the solution is  0.440 L, the concentration of the solution is;   0.0022 moles/0.440 L

= 0.005 M

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Answer:

8.0 moles Ag

Explanation:

To find the moles of silver (Ag), you need to multiply the moles of Zn and AgNO₃ by the mole-to-mole ratio. This ratio is made of the coefficients from the balanced chemical equation. It is important to arrange the ratio in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.

2 AgNO₃ + 1 Zn -----> 2 Ag + Zn(NO₃)₂
^                  ^                ^

 5.0 moles Zn           2 moles Ag
-----------------------  x  ----------------------  =  10. moles Ag
                                     1 mole Zn

8.0 moles AgNO₃             2 moles Ag
----------------------------  x  ----------------------------  =  8.0 moles Ag
                                        2 moles AgNO₃

We needed to convert both reactants into the product because we wre not given a limiting reagent. The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely reacted first. The limiting reagent in this reaction is AgNO₃ because it produces the smallest amount of product. As such, the actual amount of moles Ag is 8.0 moles.

Dalton's law of partial pressures

The total pressure by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each of the constituent gases.

Dalton's law, which states that a gas mixture's overall pressure is equal to the sum of its component gases' partial pressures. The pressure that each gas would produce if it occupied the same volume of the mixture by itself at the same temperature is known as the partial pressure.

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Answer:

A solution with a ph of 6 has 100 times as many hydrogen ions as a solution with a ph of 8.

Explanation:

At 7 on the pH scale, a solution is neutral. Any pH lower than 7 is acidic and any pH above 7 is basic.

Acidity is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The more acidic a solution, the more hydrogen ions it has. Therefore, if the pH is decreasing, the hydrogen ion concentration is increasing.

The pH scale increases by a factor of 10. This means that for every one unit change, the hydrogen ion concentration changes tenfold. Therefore, if the pH is decreasing by 2 units (from pH 8 to pH 6), the hydrogen ion concentration should increase 100-fold (10 x 10 = 100).

Ka= 2.1106

The ka value of the acid will be:

Ka=2.1106

HA(aq)+OH−(aq)→A−(aq)+H2O(l)

You reach the halfway point when

[HA]=[A−]

It implies that

log([HA][A−])=log(1)=0

As a result, it can be claimed that at the half-equivalence point, the pH of the solution and the pKa of the weak acid are equivalent.

pH=pKa at the midpoint of equivalency.

The pKa is determined by the weak acid's acid dissociation constant, Ka. Ka=10pKa, as shown by the formula pKa=log(Ka).

When the two points are half equal, Ka=10pH will exist.

Put in your value to learn Ka=105.67=2.1106.

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option (c) emulsion is the right answer

Emulsion is a classification of milk.

In physical chemistry, an emulsion is a combination of two or more liquids in which one of the liquids is present as microscopic or ultramicroscopic droplets dispersed throughout the other.

Emulsions form as a result of the cleansing action of soaps.

(ii) The emulsification process is how lipids are broken down in the intestines.

(iii) Disinfectants and antiseptics combine with water to generate emulsions.

(iv) The emulsification technique is utilized to create medications.

When two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, are stirred together with an emulsifier—which might be a protein, phospholipid, or even a nanoparticle—emulsion is created.

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Nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gases react to form ammonia, which requires -99.4 J/K of standard entropy (ΔS°).

What is standard entropy?

The difference between the total standard entropies of the reaction mixture and the summation of the standard entropies of the outputs is the standard entropy change. Each entropy in the balanced equation needs to be compounded by its coefficient, as shown by the letter "n."

Calculation:

Balancing the given reaction following-

1/2 N₂(g) + 3/2 H₂ (g)→ NH₃ (g)

ΔS° = [1 mol x S° (NH₃)g] - [1/2 mol x S° (N₂)g] - [3/2 mol x S°(H₂)g]

Here S° = standard entropy of the system

Insert into the aforementioned equation all the typical entropy values found in the literature:

ΔS° = [1 mol x 192.45 J/mol.K] - [1/2 mol x 191.61 J/mol.K] - [3/2 mol x 130.684 J/mol.K]

⇒ΔS° = - 99.4 J/K

Therefore, the standard entropy, ΔS° is -99.4 J/K.

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The value of Ksp for Ag₂CO₃ in the saturated solution will be 8.39 × 10⁻¹².

A saturated solution is the one in which the maximum amount of solute that a solvent can dissolve in it has been dissolved. If more solute is tried to be dissolved than the crystals of the solute will be present in the solution as they won't dissolve.

According to the solution,

[Ag⁺] = 2.56 × 10⁻⁴ M

In saturated solution,

Ag₂CO₃ + H₂O ⇒ 2Ag⁺ + CO₃²⁻

Ksp = [Ag⁺]² [CO₃²⁻]

[CO₃²⁻] = 1/2  [Ag⁺]

[Ag⁺] = 2.56 × 10⁻⁴ M

Therefore, [CO₃²⁻] = 1.28 × 10⁻⁴ M

Hence, Ksp = (2.56 × 10⁻⁴ M)² × (1.28 × 10⁻⁴ M)

Therefore, Ksp = 8.39 × 10⁻¹²

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The molality of a solution containing 3. 0 moles of NaCl and 100. 0 moles of water is 30 mol/kg.

The number of moles of solute in a solution equal to 1 kg or 1000 g of solvent is referred to as its molality. Mole per kilogram of solvent is the SI unit for molality.

Given:

3.0 moles of NaCl in 100 moles of water.

To find:

The molality of the solution

The moles of solute (NaCl) = 3.0 moles

The mass of solvent (water) = 100 moles (0.1 kg/mol)

Molality of a solution = Number of Moles of solute/ Mass of solvent(kg)

                                 = 3.0 moles/0.1 kg/mol

                                 = 30 mol/kg

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If you were given the the total # of grams of all three compounds with the % of each molecular compound - H2O, CO2 and sugar [you would need to know the type of sugar in the Pop such as C12H22O11 as to find its MM (molar mass)]

To begin take the % of each compound x the total grams of all the compounds. For illustrative purposes let's say it works out to be 50 grams of H2O in the POP. The same would be. done for CO2 and for the sugar.

Step 1) With the mass of each you could determine the # of moles of each:

Example if the number grams of water in the sample is 50g, to determine the # of moles of water you would do the following - 50g H20 x 1 mol/18g H20 = 2.8 mol H2O The same technique would be used for the other compounds to find the # of moles.

Step 2) To find the representative particles of each(molecules, atoms) you would do the following:

as the example given of above for H20 - 50 grams you calculated as shown above to be the number of mol of H20 = 2.8mol

From the number of mol of H20, to determine the # of molecules of water you would set up the following:

2.8 mol H20 x 6.02 x 10^23/1 mol H2O = 1.69 X 10^24 molecules of H20.

The same would be done for CO2 and the sugar.

Step 3) Now to find the number of atoms of element of the compound taking for example the H2O example above:

Take the # of molecules of H2O found above and set it up in the following manner:

1.69 X 10^24 molecules H2O x 2 atoms H/1 molecule H2O = 3.38 x 10^24 atoms H

1.69 x 10^24 molecules H2O x 1 atom O)/1 molecule H2O = 1.69 X 10^24 atoms O

The same would be done for CO2 and for the sugar compound.

Energy required to raise the temperature from 35°C - 45 °C= 25116 J.

specific heat, the quantity of warmth required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by means of one Celsius degree. The units of precise warmth are generally energy or joules consistent with gram according to Celsius diploma. for instance, the unique warmth of water is 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) according to gram in step with Celsius degree.

solving,

Sample of liquid = 400. 0 g

temperature = 30. 0 ºc

joules of energy are required to raise the temperature of the water to 45. 0 ºc

therefore rise in temperature 45 - 30 = 15°C

Specific heat capacity = 4.186 J/g m °C

In kelvin = 273 + 15 = 288

          = ∴ energy required = Q = m s ( t final - t initial)

            =  400*4.186 * 15

           = 25116 joule

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The given bond is polar covalent bond.

Polar covalent bonds are covalent bonds in which the electrons are shared unequally. Nonpolar covalent bonds are covalent bonds with an equal distribution of electrons. Chemists utilise electronegativity, a relative measurement of how strongly an atom attracts electrons as it forms a covalent connection, to assess the relative polarity of a covalent bond.

Polarity characterises io3-. If a molecule's dipole moment is greater than 0, it is considered to be polar. The three I-O bonds in this combination are polar due to the difference in electronegativity between the I and O atoms. The three I-O bond moments point toward I atom because I is more electronegative than O atom.

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Chemical process is responsible for the smell of vinegar in an old bottle of aspirin is Hydrolysis of ester i.e. Aspirin.

Aspirin reacts with water leading to the formation of Acetic acid which is a Carboxylic acid derivative.

Aspirin on Hydrolysis forms Acetic acid and Salicylic acid.

The reaction shows up as a fizz when aspirin is added in water.

Aspirin is called Acetyl Salicylic acid and it helps to reduce:

Acetic acid or Ethanoic acid is a colorless liquid. It is an important carboxylic acid. It smells like vinegar.

Acetic acid is used for production of following:

Salicylic acid is a bitter compound which is colorless. It reduces acne and opens up the skin pores.

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3rd statement about this acidic reaction is not true

In acidic reactions,  Litmus paper is available in red and blue varieties and is typically more trustworthy. To determine whether a solution is normal or acidic, use litmus paper. The acid or basic strength is not precisely outlined in Litmus's paper. Thus, Base causes red litmus to turn blue.

The pH scale has numbers 0 through 14. Seven is the neutral pH. Over 7 is a base, and anything below 7 is acidic.

H+ ions are present in all acidic reactions. As a result, whether mineral or organic, all acid solutions transmit electricity. They allow an electric current to flow through them.

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