Alisha's height is due to the combined effect of multiple genes (approximately 700) each contributing a small amount of genetic information which are called additive genes.
Additive genes are genes that contribute to a trait by adding their individual effect to the total phenotype. The term "additive" refers to the fact that the effect of each gene is added together to determine the final phenotype.
In an additive model of gene action, the phenotype is the result of the sum of the effects of multiple genes, each with a small effect, and each gene has a similar effect regardless of the presence or absence of other genes. This model contrasts with dominant and recessive models of gene action, where a single gene can have a dominant effect on the phenotype or can be masked by the presence of another gene.
In the case of additive genes, the phenotype is the result of a continuous distribution of many genes, each with a small effect, rather than the presence or absence of a single gene.
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can somebody tell me if this is correct if not correct me please thanks
Answer: I think it is correct.
Explanation: I can't guarantee that 100%, but from what I see everything seems to look good.
the human body is composed of approximately 60 percent water. water has numerous functions such as: group of answer choices
The human body is composed of approximately 60 percent water. water has numerous functions such as: (d) All answers are correct.
The percentage of water that makes up the human body is roughly sixty percent. Water is a chemical that is necessary for life, as its presence is required for the proper operation of all of the major organs in the body. Water is used by the body for a variety of functions, including the maintenance of body temperature, the regulation of digestion and blood flow, the protection and sustenance of the brain, spinal cord, and other tissues, and the lubrication of joints. So all the given options are correct.
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A botanist crossed a yellow (YY) orchid flower with a blue (BB) orchid flower. The resulting offspring had green (YB) flowers. Describe the type of inheritance displayed.
Answer: Codominance
Explanation: When an offspring's trait is determined by mixing its parent's traits, it is known as codominance.
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If the ditance between two bodie i doubled, the gravitational force between them i _____
If the distance between two bodies is doubled, the gravitational force between them is reduced to one-fourth.
All entities that have mass or energy are mutually attracted to one another due to the force of gravity, which is a fundamental interaction. The electromagnetic force is approximately 1036 times weaker than the strong interaction, and the weak interaction is approximately 1029 times weaker than the weak interaction.
The strongest of the four fundamental interactions is gravity; nonetheless, it is by far the weakest of the four. As a direct consequence of this, it does not exert any appreciable influence on the behavior of subatomic particles.
Gravity, on the other hand, is the most significant interaction between things at the macroscopic scale, and it is responsible for determining the motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and even light.
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Karl is trying to describe Stonehenge to his friends. Which description is MOST
accurate?
(1 point)
a single giant stone in the middle of a clearinga series of slabs arranged like a giant
stage
O a series of slabs arranged like a giant stage
O a circle of ditches and several huge stones
O a statue of a Celtic goddess of the harvest
An example of the stonehenge is a statue of a Celtic goddess of the harvest. Option D
What is a stonehenge?A Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in Wiltshire, England, consisting of a ring of standing stones. The stones are believed to have been erected between 2500 and 2000 BC, and the purpose of the monument is still a mystery. Some theories suggest that it was used for religious or ceremonial purposes, while others propose that it had astronomical or calendrical significance.
The site is a popular tourist destination and is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Please click on the drop-down to make a selection.
Analyze the resulting offspring:
1.
2.
3.
V out of four offspring have a homozygous dominant genotype.
V out of four offspring have a heterozygous genotype.
out of four offspring have a homozygous recessive genotype.
A homozygous dominant genotype refers to an organism with two dominant alleles for a characteristic. This genotype is denoted by the letter BB using the example of eye color.
Heterozygous genotype refers to an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele.
What is the genotype about?A gene region where there are two distinct alleles present. One normal allele and one mutated allele, or two distinct mutated alleles, can make up a heterozygous genotype (compound heterozygote).
A homozygous recessive genotype consists of two recessive alleles. In the field of genetics, this is denoted by two identical lowercase letters, such as aa. This demonstrates that the genes passed down from each parent were recessive.
An overview was given based on the incomplete information.
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the plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell. what process would be used to move a noncharged molecule across the membrane?
Materials move inside the cell's cytosol by dissemination, and certain materials travel through the plasma layer by dispersion. Dissemination exhausts no energy.
In straightforward dissemination, little noncharged particles or lipid dissolvable atoms pass between the phospholipids to enter or leave the cell, moving from areas of high fixation to areas of low focus (they drop down their fixation slope).
Particular proteins in the cell layer possess the centralization of explicit particles inside the cell. Layer transport proteins are explicit and particular for the particles they move, and they frequently use energy to catalyze sections.
Plasma layers should permit specific substances to enter and leave a phone, and keep a few destructive materials from entering and a few fundamental materials from leaving
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The doctor finds the patient to have maxillary sinus tenderness, but the patient denied having any facial pain. The tenderness belongs where? O a. In the HPI b. In the ROS c. In the PE d. In the Plan
In the PE (Physical Examination), the doctor describes what they find.
When a patient is questioned about the various signs and symptoms they may experience, the ROS (Review of Systems) is obtained. And the patient is questioned about different types of scientific acceptance that they may be going through. Therefore, this is also false. History of Present Illness (HPI) (detailed description of the present medical condition of patient). It is a comprehensive description of the patients' current medical condition and the history of their current illness. And this cannot be the case. That is untrue. Plan - organise the plan in accordance with the issue, which includes the patient's illness or issue's diagnosis. Following the problem's diagnosis, planning is completed. Therefore, no diagnosis has been made in this case. The correct response in this case will therefore be that the tenderness belongs in the pe. The C option that is physical examination is correct.
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My kingdom has only cells without a nucleus.I live in normal places and can make people sick
Kingdom—Monera: It comprises unicellular, prokaryotic organisms, having no well-defined nucleus and no organelles.
Why was kingdom has only cells without a nucleus?Kingdom—Monera: It comprises unicellular, prokaryotic organisms, having no well-defined nucleus and no organelles.
The kingdom Plantae includes organisms that range in size from tiny mosses to giant trees. Despite this enormous variation, all plants are multicellular and eukaryotic (i.e., each cell possesses a membrane-bound nucleus that contains the chromosomes).
Prokaryotes are organisms which do not have a membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles. All prokaryotes are placed under the kingdom Monera. Example: Bacteria.
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Examining the DNA of a cancerous cell, a scientist would find strong expression of A. siRNAs. B. rRNAs. C. oncogenes. D. transcription factors. If a scientist discovers a new monkey in Paraguay, its genome will probably be MOST similar to that of A. a clam. B. a leech. C. a gorilla. D. a fruit fly.
The DNA of a cancerous cell, a scientist would find strong expression of Option C. oncogenes a scientist discovers a new monkey in Paraguay, its genome will probably be MOST similar to that of Option C. a gorilla
Oncogenes
The oncogenes are those which has the potential to cause tumor and form cancer due to it’s over expression. These genes generally undergo some sort of mutation and hence their increased expression at high level leads to formation of cancer. Due to the amplification and expression of the oncogenes, it leads to tumor or cancer formation and hence it is present within the DNA of cancerous cells.
Gorilla
The genome of the monkey will be most similar to the Gorilla because both of them belong to the same lineage. They are both descendants of the same ancestral lineage. They have evolved from same evolutionary line and hence they share a lot of gene sequences that are similar to each other.
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which would be most likely to occur if red blood cells (rbcs) were placed in a test tube containing a 10% naci solution, which is hypertonic to the cells?
Would be most likely to occur if red blood cells (rbcs) were placed in a test tube containing a 10% naci solution, which is hypertonic to the cell is that the cells will shrink.
Osmosis is the process of moving water or solvent molecules from a low concentration of solvent into a high concentration solution. In osmosis, substances move across a semi-permeable membrane from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution. Osmosis is a diffusion event that does not require energy because and occurs due to an energy difference.
Hypertonic is a solution that has a higher solute concentration than other solutions. Red blood cells placed in a test tube containing 10% sodium chloride will diffuse, water moves from the red blood cells to the salt water, which has a low concentration. This causes blood cells to shrink due to loss of water.
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during , an organism emits operant behavior based upon its genetic endowment; the produces and effect that increases or decreases the frequency of the response in a given situation.
During operant conditioning, an organism radiates operant behavior based upon the genetic endowment; the operant produces an effect that may increase or decrease the frequency of the response in any given situation.
Operant conditioning is the learning process where the behavior is inculcated in the form of punishment of reinforcement. The process is also called as instrumental conditioning. The subject is also rewarded in this process for maintaining a certain type of behavior.
Learning is a cognitive process that involves the intake of various skills, knowledge, understanding, values and attitude. It results in improved performance and behavioral modification of the individual.
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how many unique daughter cells result from meiotic or mitotic cell division of a cell, which has three homologous chromosome pairs?
Four unique daughter cells result from the meiotic or mitotic cell division of a cell, which has three homologous chromosome pairs.
Any of the other two cells are produced during mitosis, the process of cell division. Daughter cells share the same number and kind of chromosomes as their parent cells, making them genetically identical.
Daughter cells are so named because they can divide further. The female counterpart participates in reproduction in several species. Despite their contribution to the process, men are not actively participating. Daughter cells are the cells that are generated as a result of any division.
Daughter cells produced during mitosis are similar to one another, aiding in the growth and development of living things. Meiosis creates four distinct daughter cells, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. These are crucial for sexual health.
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Draw what you think the models of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration would look like if you constructed them .
The following equations make up aerobic respiration, C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6.
A number of conditions can prevent aerobic respiration from happening inside cells, including?A deficiency in inorganic, ultimate electron acceptors, an electron transport system that is either insufficient or nonexistent -the absence of genes for Kreb's cycle enzymes.
In order to replenish NAD+, an oxidized form of NADH, the primary electron carrier in glycolysis, they use various methods for the production of energy in the form of ATP. Through the process of glycolysis, pyruvate is created in the cytoplasm and is also utilised in the fermentation process as an electron acceptor.
When glucose is broken down for energy production, cellular respiration starts in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotes are able to perform aerobic respiration in an environment that is rich in oxygen.
The following equations make up aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6.
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If you were working with plasmids and bacterial cells, why would these precautions be important? When working with plasmids and bacterial cells it is important to not contaminate the tips with your hands because the bacteria from your hands can interfere with the bacteria used in the lab.
Precautions are important when working with plasmids and bacterial cells to maintain the integrity and accuracy of the experiments being conducted. Bacteria are known to transfer easily from one surface to another and contamination from the researcher's hands can compromise the results of the experiments.
To prevent contamination, researchers must follow a strict protocol of using sterile techniques. This includes wearing gloves, using sterilized equipment, and avoiding touching the tips of pipettes, which are used to transfer the plasmids and bacteria, with their hands. Any bacteria from the researcher's skin can interfere with the bacteria being used in the lab, resulting in inaccurate results and potentially affecting the entire experiment.
In addition, it is also important to maintain a sterile work environment to prevent the introduction of unwanted bacteria. This may involve using a laminar flow hood, which creates a sterile workspace by blowing filtered air over the work surface. In conclusion, following these precautions is crucial in obtaining reliable and accurate results when working with plasmids and bacterial cells.
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the ability to differentiate between two regiond having similar echogenicity, such as in this liver image with focal fat is termed
The ability to differentiate between two regions having similar echogenicity, such as in the liver image with focal fat, is a critical skill for radiologists to possess.
It is important for radiologists to be able to interpret the ultrasound image, understand the patient’s medical history, and communicate their findings accurately to the referring physician.
In the liver image with focal fat, the ability to differentiate between the two regions is especially important. The regions with similar echogenicity can indicate either benign or malignant conditions. For example, the presence of a focal fat deposit in the liver may indicate a benign fatty liver, a benign hemangioma, or a malignant tumor such as hepatocellular carcinoma.
To accurately differentiate between the two regions, radiologists must be able to interpret the ultrasound findings from the image. The ultrasound image must be interpreted carefully to identify any suspicious features, such as increased or decreased echogenicity, which may indicate a malignant process. Furthermore, the radiologist must be able to accurately measure the size of the focal fat deposit and to distinguish it from surrounding normal liver tissue.
In addition to interpreting the ultrasound image, radiologists must also be knowledgeable about the patient’s medical history and any underlying conditions that may be present. For example, if the patient has a history of obesity, diabetes, or alcohol abuse, this could affect the interpretation of the ultrasound findings.
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in order to study the amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to another, what diagram do we study?
To study the amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to another, we use an energy pyramid or a trophic pyramid diagram.
An energy pyramid is a graphical representation of the amount of energy that is transferred from one trophic level to the next. It typically shows the energy available to each level of the food chain, with the producers being at the base of the pyramid and the top consumers being at the top. This diagram can be used to understand the efficiency of energy transfer in an ecosystem and to identify where energy is lost.
Energy can be transferred through a variety of mechanisms, including thermal conduction, radiation, and convection. Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat energy from one object to another through physical contact, while radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. Convection is the transfer of energy through the movement of fluids. All of these forms of energy transfer can be used to move heat from one place to another or to create electrical or mechanical energy.
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What is Adrenaline ?
Answer:
Adrenaline is a hormone that prepares your sympathetic nervous system to fight or flee, and your body makes it in response to a stressor or threat.
Explanation:
Adrenaline is a hormone (aka epinephrine) that is released by the adrenal glands to prepare muscles for exertion. Anyone can experience adrenaline if they are angry, frightened, or excited, which causes that person to have an increased heart rate, which helps to prepare the body to react to danger. This also helps with the 'fight or flight' response.
Where is adrenaline produced?Adrenaline is usually produced by both the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons located in the medulla oblongata. The adrenal glands are located at the top of each kidney in the human body.
when a person exercises strenuously, all of the following occur except: (a) glucose decreases (b) adp increases (c) lactic acid increases (d) glycogen increases (e) carbon dioxide increases
Except for lactic acid, all of the following occur when a person exercises vigorously. Option C is correct.
The definition of a strenuously workout is very subjective and relies on how a specific activity feels for a person. A quick stroll may be simple and not a struggle for a healthy individual, but for a couch potato, even a brisk walk is strenuous. Your heart rate affects whether or not the workout is difficult for you. When you engage in more difficult activities, your heart rate increases.
Jogging, running, aerobic dance, jumping rope, single tennis, and cycling at speeds greater than 10mph are all examples of vigorous exercise. Swimming, quick dancing, gardening with heavy digging, and shoveling snow are just a few daily activities that might be classified as difficult.
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describe, in detail, what the following statement means, "what can be patented is purified dna containing the sequence of the gene and techniques that allow the study of the genes."
The statement means that a specific gene that has been isolated, purified and has been studied using some specific techniques can be patented.
A patent is basically a type of intellectual property which provides its owner with the legal right to exclude other people from making, using, and selling a particular invention for a certain period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of that invention.
Anyone can get their novel invention patented, even genes. A specific gene that has been isolated, purified and has been studied using some specific techniques can be patented. Even techniques that allow the study of the genes can be patented.
For example, a lot of genes used in cancer study and treatment are patented.
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If a man has an attack of bronchospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?
1) N-cholinoreceptors
2) α-adrenoreceptors
3) β-adrenoreceptors
4) M-cholinoreceptors
5) α-and β-adrenoreceptors
The correct answer 1 is N-cholinoreceptors. Bronchospasm is a condition characterized by constriction of the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchi, leading to difficulty in breathing.
To reduce the effect of vagus, the inhibitory nerve that stimulates contraction of these smooth muscles, blocking certain membrane cytoreceptors is necessary.
N-cholinoreceptors are a type of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors found on the smooth muscle cells of the bronchi. When acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter released by the vagus nerve, binds to these receptors, it stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles leading to bronchospasm. Hence, blocking these receptors would prevent acetylcholine from binding and reduce the bronchospasm.
α-adrenoreceptors and β-adrenoreceptors are types of adrenergic receptors, which are activated by the sympathetic nervous system, causing bronchodilation (relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles). Hence, blocking these receptors may not be useful in reducing bronchospasm.
M-cholinoreceptors are a subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and have a similar effect as N-cholinoreceptors in causing bronchoconstriction. Hence, blocking these receptors may be useful in reducing bronchospasm, but it is not the most specific option.
Blocking both α- and β-adrenoreceptors would lead to bronchoconstriction, which would worsen the bronchospasm. Hence, this option is incorrect.
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hich of the following are echinoderms? (check all that apply.) multiple select question. sea cucumbers sea squirts sea jellies sea stars sea urchins
Echinoderms are a phylum of marine spineless creatures that incorporate starfish, fragile stars, ocean cucumbers, ocean imps, sand dollars, and crinoids.
Living delegates incorporate the classes Crinoidea (ocean lilies and quill stars), Echinoidea (ocean imps), Holothuroidea (ocean cucumbers), Asteroidea (starfishes, or ocean stars), Ophiuroidea (container stars and snake stars, or fragile stars), and Concentricycloidea (ocean daisies; found during the 1980s).
Instances of echinoderms incorporate ocean stars, ocean imps, ocean cucumbers, fragile stars, and quill stars. In spite of the fact that they might show up totally different, echinoderms all have two significant principal qualities that put them aside from any remaining creatures: a water vascular framework and five-sided outspread evenness.
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Q-Which of the following are echinoderms? (check all that apply.) multiple select questions. sea cucumbers, sea squirts, sea jellies, sea stars, and sea urchins.
In the anatomical position the face and palms are on the?
In the anatomical position the face and palms are on the anterior of the body.
Anatomical position is a typical position that the body uses as a guide. When a person is standing straight up with their feet together and their hands by their sides with the palms facing front, they are said to be in anatomical stance. In the anatomical posture, the buttocks and shoulder blades are on the posterior body surfaces, while the face and palms are on the anterior body surfaces.
Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral are the primary directions for body components, whereas proximal and distal are better phrases to describe limbs. The human body is standing upright and at rest in the usual anatomical stance. The limbs are put in postures evocative of the supine position forced on cadavers during autopsy, which is different from the condition in other vertebrates.
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which precursors can be used to make glucose in gluconeogenesis?
The precursors which can be used to make glucose in gluconeogenesis are glycerol and lactate/pyruvate.
Glycerol is a straightforward triol molecule, often known as glycerine in British English and glycerin in American English. It is a sweet-tasting, colourless, odourless, liquid which is non-toxic.
Pyruvate is a 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion and the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, a crucial metabolic byproduct for biochemical pathways that provide energy. The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, can undergo anaerobic metabolism to produce lactate when hypoxic circumstances are present. It produces lactate in the presence of hypoxic circumstances.
Lactate is soluble in water and has a white solid form. It transforms into a colourless solution when dissolved. In the process of production, both synthetic and natural resources are used.
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normal functions of the kidney include all of the following except: a. regulating electrolyte balance b. elimination of nitrogenous wastes c. regulating body hydration d. elimination of serum proteins
Normal kidney functions except d. elimination of serum proteins.
What is a kidney?The kidney consists of two parts, namely the left and right, this shows that the kidney is a pair of organs. This organ contains about a million nephrons, which are tiny blood filters. Therefore, its main job is to filter the blood. When this organ is disturbed, there are many problems in the body can occur.
Some of the functions of the kidneys are :
Removes product residues from the body.Balancing body fluids.Producing red blood cells.Activate Vitamin D for healthy bones and teeth.Regulates hydration in the body.Regulate electrolyte balance.Remove nitrogenous waste.Learn more about kidney disease here :
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what is the characteristic rbc that is uniquely associated with hbss?
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, play a crucial role in transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. In sickle cell anemia, a genetic disorder, a unique characteristic of the red blood cells is associated with hemoglobin S (HbS).
Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen. In HbSS, which is the most severe form of sickle cell anemia, red blood cells take on a sickle or crescent shape, which is unlike the normal round shape of healthy red blood cells. This is due to a genetic mutation in the beta-globin gene, which leads to the production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S.
When hemoglobin S molecules aggregate and form long fibers, the red blood cells become stiff and misshapen, causing them to get stuck in small blood vessels, leading to blockages in blood flow and causing a lack of oxygen to the tissues. This leads to pain and organ damage, and the sickle cells are also prone to breaking down, leading to anemia.
In conclusion, the characteristic red blood cell associated with HbSS is the sickle shape, which is due to the presence of hemoglobin S, a mutated form of hemoglobin. The sickling of red blood cells leads to blockages in blood flow, causing a lack of oxygen to the tissues, and leading to pain, organ damage, and anemia in individuals with sickle cell anemia.
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in certain species of horses, a roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (rr) offspring of red (rr) and white (rr) homozygous. which type type of inheritance does this example represent?
The phenomenon responsible for the appearance of roan coat color in horses under heterozygous conditions is the codomain.
Codominance is a phenomenon that refers to the expression of dominant and recessive alleles resulting in a new phenotype. In this situation, the expression of one allele is not masked by the other allele resulting in the expression of both alleles.
Roan horse coat color occurs during the heterozygous condition of the offspring inheriting a mix of dominant and recessive alleles.
Red - RWhite - rThe heterozygous condition of the offspring is Rr.The codominance phenomenon exhibits a phenotype with the appearance of red and white hair.
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presence of red colonies with black centers on xylose-lysine-decarboxylase medium is indicative of a. lactose fermentation and utilization of citrate. b. nonlactose fermentation and tryptophan positive. c. lactose fermentation and h2s positive. d. nonlactose fermenter and h2s positive.
The presence of red colonies having black centers on a xylose-lysine-decarboxylase or XLD agar medium indicates non-lactose fermenter and H₂S positive.
Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar or the XLD agar is basically a selective growth medium which is used in the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical samples as well as from food.
It has a pH which is approximately 7.4, giving it a bright pink or red colored appearance which is due to the indicator phenol red. Sugar fermentation lowers the pH of the medium and the phenol red indicator shows this by changing color to yellow.
But if there is a presence of red colonies having black centers when grown using the XLD agar medium then it indicates non-lactose fermenter and H₂S positive.
Hence, the correct option is option d. non-lactose fermenter and H₂S positive.
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How does molecular biology provide evidence for evolution?
Evolutionary theory is supported by findings from molecular biology. Particularly, the almost universality of the genetic code for proteins and the universality of DNA demonstrate that all life originally had a common ancestor. Additionally, DNA reveals possible evolutionary pathways.
By analysing the structure and activities of the molecular building blocks that make up living creatures, molecular biology seeks to comprehend them.
Similarities at the molecular level are proof that life has a common ancestor. Comparing DNA sequences can reveal how closely related different animals are. Biogeography, the study of how organisms are distributed geographically, sheds light on when and how possible species may have evolved.
Cytochrome C, which initiates protein synthesis, is an illustration of a molecule that has been researched in relation to evolution. Once a suitable molecular clock has been found, researchers can utilise it to examine and contrast different species.
Therefore, molecular clocks are employed to analyse the evolution of certain species. A molecule needs to include two components in order to function well as a molecular clock.
These include; It must exist in every creature being researched. For the functional regions to be highly conserved, it must be subject to a functional restriction.
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Choose the person who best completes each statement.
The outbreak and spread of epidemic diseases, such as swine flu, are tracked by a(n)
epidemiologist
.
The person who would use equipment to show an image of a baby before birth is a(n)
sonographer
.
The education to become a(n)
requires more than four years of college.
When a water source becomes contaminated with an illness-causing bacteria, a(n)
could be brought in to study how to get rid of the microorganisms.
OPTIONS ARE EPIDEMIOLOGIST AND SONOGRAPHER
Answer:
he outbreak and spread of epidemic diseases, such as swine flu, are tracked by a(n) epidemiologist.
The person who would use equipment to show an image of a baby before birth is a(n) sonographer.
The education to become a(n) doctor requires more than four years of college.
When a water source becomes contaminated with an illness-causing bacteria, a(n) microbiologist could be brought in to study how to get rid of the microorganisms.
