All of the given options are true regarding NK cells except- they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.
NK cells- It is the primary function of NK (natural killer) cells, which make up 10%–15% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and have the shape of big, granular lymphocytes, to kill virus-infected and malignantly altered cells without pre-exposure. NK cells take involvement in a variety of immunological responses in vivo, as well as the regulation of hematopoiesis and reproductive processes.
The first line of protection against many viruses is provided by natural killer cells. They are able to identify and kill infected host cells because they can tell them apart from uninfected host cells. By doing this, they can get rid of the infection or at least keep it under control until virus-specific T cells and antibodies can be made.
Therefore, all the given options about NK cells are correct except- they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.
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Identify the causes of genetic variation as associated either with inheritance of traits or with mutations. Genetic variation in successive generations can be caused either by natural occurrences, which can be explained by inheritance of traits, or by mutation.
The causes of genetic variation as associated either with inheritance of traits or with mutations are-
Inheritance of Traits:
- Sexual reproduction
- Crossing-over during meiosis
- Independent assortment of genes
- Variation in gene expression
Mutations:
- Chromosomal aberrations
- Point mutations
- Insertions
- Deletions
- Translocations
- Inversions
What is Genetic variation?
Genetic variation is the difference in genetic material between individuals of the same species. This variation can be caused by a variety of factors, including mutations, environmental influences, and sexual reproduction. Genetic variation is critical for the survival of a species, as it provides the genetic material necessary for natural selection to occur.
How is genetic variation in successive generations caused?
Inheritance of traits is the process by which traits are passed on from one generation to the next. This is the primary cause of genetic variation in successive generations. When organisms reproduce, they pass on genetic information from their parents to their offspring.
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism that can be inherited. Mutations can occur randomly due to environmental factors, or they can be caused by the organism itself, such as through errors in DNA replication.
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there is a bone on the lab bench in front of you. on it, you see that there is a smooth and slightly convex articular surface. this bone marking would be considered a head, such as those found on the vertebrae. facet, such as those found on the vertebrae. head, such as those found on the femurs. facet, such as those found on the femurs.
There is a bone on the lab bench in front of you. on it, you see that there is a smooth and slightly convex articular surface. this bone marking would be considered a facet, such as those found on the vertebrae.
What is vertebrae?
The cervical spine (C1-C7), thoracic spine (T1-T12), lumbar spine (L1-L5), sacral spine (S1-S5), and tailbone are the vertebrae (back bones) of the spine. A disc separates every vertebra from the next. The spinal cord is encased in and secured by the vertebrae.
What is a articular surface?Specialized hyaline cartilage, which forms articular surfaces, offers a wear-resistant, low-friction lubricated surface that is compressible and elastic and can withstand tremendous compression and shear stresses during weight bearing and muscular contractions.
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Which of the following describes a vector? An animal that can serve as an alternative host or source of the pathogen for new infections A disease that was previously unknown or has recently begun spreading to a new region A disease-causing agent An animal that carries a pathogen from one host to the next
A vector species could be described as an animal that carries a pathogen from one host to the next.
A vector is a living creature that spreads an infectious agent from one diseased animal to another. Mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas, and lice are common arthropod vectors.
A mosquito, for example, spreads malaria from person to person. Pathogens are organisms that cause illness in other organisms. The pathogen in this case is the malarial parasite.
In molecular biology, a vector is a DNA molecule (typically a plasmid or virus) that is used as a vehicle to deliver a specific DNA segment into a host cell as part of a cloning or recombinant DNA process.
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1. dna replication produces two identical dna molecules, called blank, which separate during mitosis.target 1 of 8 2. after chromosomes condense, the blank is the region where the identical dna molecules are most tightly attached to each other.target 2 of 8 3. during mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the blank.target 3 of 8 4. in dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during blank.target 4 of 8 5. the blank is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.target 5 of 8 6. during interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of dna and protein in a dispersed form called blank.target 6 of 8 7. in most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by blank, when the rest of the cell divides.target 7 of 8 8. the blank are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.
DNA replication produces two identical dna molecules, called blank, which separate during mitosis.
1. During mitosis, two identical DNA molecules known as SISTER CHROMATID(S) are produced as a result of DNA replication.
2. The CENTROMERE(S) is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most closely bound to one another after chromosomes condense.
3. At the KINETOCHORE, microtubules bind to chromosomes during mitosis (S)
4. In dividing cells, INTERPHASE is when the majority of the cell's growth takes place.
5. The MITOTIC SPINDLE(S) is a microtubule-based cell structure that develops during early mitosis and participates in cell division.
6. During interphase, a compound of DNA and protein known as CHROMATIN fills the majority of the nucleus.
7. In the majority of eukaryotes, cytokinesis, during which the rest of the cell divides, occurs after nucleus division.
8. During mitosis, the centrosomes serve as the organising hubs for the microtubules that separate the chromosomes.
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Which of the following molecules is the primary product of photosystem I?a. ATPb. NADPHc. Oxygend. Carbon dioxide
The following molecule which is the primary product of photosynthesis is oxygen. (C)
Explanation of photosynthesis and photosystemsThe chlorophyll pigments clustered in the thylakoid membranes form an important set of pigments in photosynthesis. The pigment set in the thylakoids is hereinafter referred to as the photosystem.
The dark reaction is a reaction in photosynthesis that takes place in the stroma and does not require sunlight as an energy source.
The light reactions produce NADPH, ATP, and oxygen. Well, the ATP produced from the light reaction is what will later become the energy source for the dark reaction. Even though the term is dark, this reaction still takes place during the day. Apart from ATP, the dark reactions also require other compounds, namely NADPH and CO2.
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In the carbon reduction phase of the Calvin cycle, electrons from NADPH are donated to a metabolic intermediate to form G3P molecules.
Which statement is NOT true regarding G3P?
A.G3P molecules are involved in the regeneration of RuBP.
B.G3P molecules affect the activity of the enzyme rubisco.
C.G3P molecules have more potential energy than PGA molecules.
D.G3P molecules are used to synthesize glucose and other sugars.
G3P molecules affect the activity of the enzyme rubisco is false.
RuBisCO, an enzyme, works with RuBP, another molecule, to catalyze a reaction with CO2.
What happens in calvin cycle?The carbon from the carbon cycle gets fixed into sugars during a cycle of chemical reactions. It takes place in the plant's chloroplast. Fixation, reduction, and regeneration are the three fundamental phase of the Calvin cycle reactions .The enzyme RuBisCO and the molecule ribulose bisphosphate are both present in the stroma in addition to CO2 to start the Calvin cycle (RuBP). RuBP has two phosphate groups and five carbon atoms. RuBP reacts with CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split into two three-carbon compounds by the action of RuBisCO. Because CO2 is "fixed" from its inorganic state into organic molecules, this process is known as carbon fixation. The three-carbon compound 3-PGA is changed into another three-carbon compound called G3P by ATP and NADPH using their stored energy. This kind of reaction is referred to as a reduction reaction. There is a gain of an electron. To help produce the carbohydrate molecule, which is often glucose, one of the G3P molecules exits the Calvin cycle (C6H12O6). One carbohydrate molecule requires six rounds of the Calvin cycle to produce since it contains six carbon atoms (one for each carbon dioxide molecule fixed). Remaining G3P molecules renew RuBP, again allowing to get started with the carbon-fixation stage. Additionally, ATP is used to restore RuBP.
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The process of transferring energy during respiration occurs in a series of steps.
The process of transferring energy during respiration occurs in a series of steps which are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), and electron transport.
All living creatures, including autotrophs and heterotrophs, have cells that respire. To create ATP, they all metabolize glucose. The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, electron transport, and glycolysis are the three processes that make up cellular respiration.
Enzymes are necessary for almost all bodily activities in order to catalyze reactions. The range of temperatures in which enzymes can function is limited. The optimum temperature for an enzyme is the temperature at which it functions best.
The enzyme will become denatured and be unable to carry out its intended function if there is a drastic change in temperature.
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the nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which of the following groups of molecules? question 7 options: glucose, atp, and dna proteins, triglycerides, and testosterone proteins, atp, and dna atp, rna, and dna
The nitrogenous base, adenine is found in all the members of the group of molecules including DNA, ATP, RNA, and DNA. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is adenine?Adenine is a chemical compound which is used to make one of the major building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. It is also a part of many substances in the body which give energy to the cells. Adenine is a type of purine.
Adenine is one of the two purine nucleobases which are used when forming nucleotides of the nucleic acids. In the DNA, adenine binds to thymine through the help of two hydrogen bonds to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures in the nucleic acid.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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how is the endocrine system different from the nervous system, and what kinds of processes are controlled by the endocrine system?
The hormonal system uses chemical messengers that are transported into blood plasma to target cells, whereas the nervous system uses electrical impulses to send signals through neurons. The amount of sugar in the blood and an organism's growth and development are two of the processes controlled by the endocrine system.
Transmission through the nervous system is quick and only lasts a short time, whereas transmission through the cardiovascular system lasts a long time but takes much longer. This implies that correspondence is quicker while utilizing the sensory system.
Responses are localized in the nervous system, whereas they are widespread in the harmonic system. In contrast to the nervous system, where responses are usually reversible and only temporary, the hormonal system frequently has responses that are always present.
An endocrine system is a group of glands that make hormones that are sent through the blood to control, among other things, metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.
The human body is made up of numerous organ systems that carry out numerous metabolic functions. Every organ framework plays out a particular job, remembering for processing, discharge, circulation, and other essential cycles of the body.
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the subunit of what transcription factor catalyzes the phosphorylation of rna polymerase ii? the subunit of what transcription factor catalyzes the phosphorylation of rna polymerase ii? tfiif tfiib tfiih tfiie
General transcription factor IIH catalyzes the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II.
What is phosphorylation?Sugar phosphorylation is frequently the first stage of catabolism. Because the phosphate group prevents the molecules from diffusing back across the transporter, phosphorylation allows cells to accumulate sugars. Glucose phosphorylation is an important reaction in sugar metabolism. Hepatic cells are permeable to glucose, and the rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism by the liver (ATP-D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase and non-specific hexokinase) is the initial rate of phosphorylation of glucose (ATP-D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase).
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Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?
The right splenius capitis contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion.
Deep in the neck lies a muscle known as the splenius capitis. It comes from the superior 3 thoracic vertebrae, the 7th cervical vertebra's spinous processes, and the lower half of the nuchal ligament.
It attaches to the temporal bone's mastoid process. It causes the neck to twist and flex laterally. It receives innervation from the 2nd and 3rd cervical spinal nerves' posterior rami. It is a component of the neck's posterior triangle's floor.
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Anticlines, faults, and salt domes can serve as places where oil and natural gas become trapped. What they all have in common is that there is ____ rock above the oil and natural gas; otherwise, it would have escaped.
Impermeable
Anticlines, faults, and salt domes can serve as places where oil and natural gas become trapped. What they all have in common is that there is Impermeable rock above the oil and natural gas; otherwise, it would have escaped.
What exactly is an impermeable rock?Some rocks contain pores, which are empty spaces. Fluid can flow through the rock if these pores are linked. If the pores are not linked, no liquid, such as water, can flow through the rock. The rock is impermeable when the pores are not linked.
An anticline is a structural trap formed by rock strata folding into an arch-like shape. The rock layers in an anticlinal trap were originally laid down horizontally before folding into an arch-like shape known as an anticline due to earth movement.
Oil and natural gas can become trapped in anticlines, faults, and salt domes. They all have one thing in common: impermeable rock above the oil and natural gas; otherwise, it would have managed to escape.
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based on the gene and protein sequences that follow, what type of mutation has occurred and what is the effect on the polypeptide?
Mutations in somatic cells are heritable is the type of mutation has occurred.
What is somatic cell?Somatic cell is defined as any biological cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte, or an undifferentiated stem cell that makes up the body of a multicellular organism. Cell bodies found in the brainstem or spinal cord make up the somatic nervous system.
Mutation is defined as a change in the extrachromosomal DNA, virus, or organism's genome's nucleic acid sequence. Changes in an organism's physical traits or the way DNA encodes its genetic information are two ways that mutations can have an influence.
Thus, mutations in somatic cells are heritable is the type of mutation has occurred.
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Consider a sketch of replication fork of bacterial DNA in which one strand is being replicated discontinuously and the other is being replicated continuously.
A.) List six different enzymes associated with the replication process.
Select six that apply.
DNA polymerase III
Nuclease
RNase
DNA polymerase I
Gyrase
DNA polymerase IV
Primase
DNA helicase
Transposase
Ligase
b.) Identify the function of each activity.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right.
c.) Show where each enzyme would be located on the replication fork. In addition, identify the following features on the sketch: DNA template, RNA primer, Okazaki fragments, and single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB).
A) Six different enzymes that are associated with the replication process are DNA Helicases, Topoisomerases, Single-Stranded Binding Proteins (SSBP), DNA primase, DNA polymerases, and DNA Ligase.
B) DNA Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the double-abandoned DNA into two distinct strings making a replication fork. DNA topoisomerase II or Gyrase is the enzyme being the reason for helping or lessening the topological stress generated by apiece unwinding of DNA double filaments.
DNA polymerase III is the basic replication enzyme. It is responsible for adding deoxyribonucleotides to the RNA primer both in the constant or superior string combining in addition to in the broken or backward rope combination of DNA. Primase is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the RNA primer (a short piece of RNA) at which point deoxyribonucleotides are added.
DNA polymerase I am responsible for removing and replacing the RNA primers accompanying DNA in the new DNA filaments. DNA Ligase is the enzyme responsible for ensuring the breach in the DNA on account of crippled phosphodiester bonds and subsequently the deportation of the RNA textbook.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of dendrites?
convey incoming messages toward the cell body
generate nerve impulses and transmit them away from the cell body
provide enormous surface area for receiving signals from other neurons
produce short-distance signals called graded potentials
The statement that does not depict the function of dendrites is as follows: generate nerve impulses and transmit them away from the cell body (option B).
What is dendrites?Dendrite is a slender projection of a nerve cell which conducts nerve impulses from a synapse to the body of the cell, also called a dendron.
Nerve cell is a cell of the nervous system which conducts nerve impulses; a neuron.
Dendrites perform the following function;
They receive the data or signals from another neuronDendrite collects and stores all incoming information from axon terminalsDendrites are the structures of neurons, which conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body of the nerve cellDendrites collect messages through other neurons or the nerves in the human bodyLearn more about dendrites at: https://brainly.com/question/13022334
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Which of the following claims about the TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 mammalian genes is most likely to be accurate?
The TYRTYR, TRP2TRP2, and TRP1TRP1 genes may be located on different chromosomes but are activated by the same transcription factor.
Tyrosinase-related proteins TRP 1 and 2 control the quality of the melanin and, to a certain extent, suppress apoptosis. The TYR gene is a tyrosine-producing gene that is found on the 11th chromosome.
Option A represents the true genetic claim. -The TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 genes are located next to each other on a single chromosome and are organized into an operon.
What do the mammalian genes TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 do?
The TYR, TRP 1 and TRP 2 are responsible for producing the coloration enzyme called melanin and the genes are located on the same chromosome.The fact that the mRNA transcription factors that regulate and control the genes' mRNA are the same means that the genes are operons.The MITF transcription factor, which is activated by the alpha-melanocyte hormone, controls the TYR, TRP 1 and 2 genes.Hence, The correct option is A .
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Full Question
Which of the following claims about the TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 mammalian genes is most likely to be accurate?
A-The TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 genes are located next to each other on a single chromosome and are organized into an operon.
B-The TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 genes may be located on different chromosomes but are activated by the same transcription factor.
C-The TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 genes are identical genes since they are activated by the same transcription factor.
D-The TYR, TRP2, and TRP1 genes may be located on different chromosomes but with identical operator sequences.
The world’s population reached a new milestone this week. Approximately how many people now live on earth?.
Answer:
Eight billion
Explanation:
a region of a dna strand (or a sequence of nucleotides) that codes for a particular protein (form of a trait) is called a
A region of a dna strand (or a sequence of nucleotides) that codes for a particular protein (form of a trait) is called a coding region.
The coding region of a gene, also called the coding sequence (CDS), is the portion of the gene's DNA or RNA that encodes a protein.
The coding region of a gene is the part of the gene that is ultimately transcribed and translated into protein.Sum of its exons. The remainder of the gene is dotted with introns or regions that are clipped and ejected during RNA splicing.
The code for each gene uses four nucleotide bases of DNA.
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T) - different ways to spell the three-letter "codon" that indicates which amino acid is required at each position in the protein.
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What truly describes a codon?.
Answer: cosines are specific mrna nucleotide sequences that code amino acids for protein synthesis
Explanation:
Modern homo sapiens have a skull structure lacking in earlier hominins. What is that structure?.
Modern homo sapiens have a skull structure missing in previous hominins, which is what gives them their mental eminence. The mandible (lower jaw) has a significant mental prominence (chin), which is not present in any other hominin species, and the teeth are smaller than in previous species.
In contrast to other human species, contemporary humans have an abnormally spherical skull structure and brain, which is a distinguishing trait. Researchers have recently identified genes that affect this globular structure form by examining Neandertal DNA fragments of human species present in the genomes of contemporary Europeans. The postcranial skeleton of Homo sapiens also possesses further distinctive characteristics.
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if plants are grown with h2o containing a radioactive isotope of oxygen (18o), subsequent analysis will show that 18o first appears in which of the following molecules produced by the plants?
Cells create sugar molecules and oxygen during the process of photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide and energy from the sun. These sugar molecules serve as the building blocks for more complex molecules like glucose in the photosynthetic cell.
What molecules do plants contain?They consist of abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and auxin. Most plant cells produce small molecules known as growth regulators.
Which organic molecules are produced by plants?Glucose is an organic molecule that is the product of photosynthesis, providing food for plants and for many other organisms. The chemical formula for glucose is C6 H12 O6, and so plants need to take in carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to produce it.
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what is the effect of slow flow rate on diffusion rate across capillary walls using ficks law of diffusion
The effect of slow flow rate on diffusion rate across capillary walls using Fick’s Law of Diffusion: depends on the pipe's cross-section. The flow rate is usually slower in the thicker capillaries.
What is Fick’s Law of Diffusion?Fick’s Law of Diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane or capillary is directly proportional to the concentration gradient of the substance on both sides of the membrane. It is also inversely related to the thickness of the membrane. Hence, the thicker the membrane, the slower the flow rate of diffusion.
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based on the observed numbers given earlier, the assumption that these two genes sort independently but there is only 40% penetrance for fluffy head, what are the expected numbers from your f1 x f1 cross for:
The expected number of individuals with fluffy head in an F1 x F1 cross can be estimated based on the observed numbers given earlier, as well as the assumption that the two genes sort independently but there is only 40% penetrance for fluffy head.
Assuming that the two genes are completely independent, the expected number of individuals with fluffy head in an F1 x F1 cross is equal to the product of the probability of each gene being expressed. The probability of the gene for fluffy head being expressed is 40% (0.4). The probability of the gene for not having fluffy head being expressed is 60% (0.6). Thus, the expected number of individuals with fluffy head in an F1 x F1 cross is 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.24.
Since the expected number of individuals with fluffy head in an F1 x F1 cross is 0.24, the expected number of individuals without fluffy head in an F1 x F1 cross is 0.76. This means that out of a total population size of 100 individuals, 24 individuals are expected to have fluffy head and 76 individuals are expected to not have fluffy head.
In conclusion, based on the observed numbers given earlier, the assumption that the two genes sort independently but there is only 40% penetrance for fluffy head, the expected number of individuals with fluffy head in an F1 x F1 cross is 0.24 and the expected number of individuals without fluffy head in an F1 x F1 cross is 0.76.
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which of the following dinner menu items would provide the most zinc? if you're not sure, use the single nutrients report for zinc in nutritioncalc plus
The best sources of zinc are oysters and red and white meat as well as poultry. Additional top sources include beans, almonds, crab, lobster, whole grains, breakfast cereals, and dairy goods.
What is an excellent source for both zinc and iron?Cereals and meat are the main sources of iron and zinc, with fortified iron and zinc possibly making a significant contribution.
Which foods are high in zinc?Meat, fish, and seafood are the food types that contain the most zinc [3]. The highest source of zinc per serving is found in oysters, while beef makes up 20% of Americans' daily zinc consumption since it is so widely consumed [7]. Zinc is also present in dairy and eggs [3].
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the suborder prosimians includes: group of answer choices only nocturnal species only diurnal species diurnal and nocturnal baboons diurnal and nocturnal lemurs
The answer is D. Diurnal and nocturnal lemurs. Prosimians are primarily nocturnal, in contrast to other primates, which are primarily diurnal (with the sole exception of the night monkey, Aotus). There are some diurnal forms only among lemurs.
Lemurs belong to the order of primates, which also includes monkeys, apes, and humans. Currently, there are around 32 distinct varieties of lemurs, all of which are native to Madagascar, a single island nation off the southeast coast of Africa. Anthropoids and prosimians are the two suborders of primates. Humans, apes, and monkeys are anthropoid species. Prosimians are lemurs. Other prosimians include tarsiers in Borneo and the Philippines, lorises in Asia, and galgoes (bushbabies) in Africa. Prosimians, which differ from all other primates in having wet nostrils, rely on their sense of smell to discriminate between members of their social groups and to decide what foods are acceptable to eat. Prosimians groom themselves and others like other primates, but they are unable to use their fingers.
The complete question is:
The suborder prosimians includes: a. only nocturnal species. b. only diurnal species. c. diurnal and nocturnal galagos. d. diurnal and nocturnal lemurs.
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If a specimen is found to have large quantities of bilirubin, then it should be stored away from ________, which causes the breakdown of bilirubin, until further testing.
Until further testing, a specimen that is discovered to contain significant amounts of bilirubin should be kept out of the light, which accelerates bilirubin breakdown.
The amount of bilirubin in your urine is determined by bilirubin in the urine test. Normally, bilirubin is absent from urine. If bilirubin is present in your urine, this could be a warning indication of a liver problem. Your body produces bilirubin, a yellow material, as part of the regular process of destroying red blood cells. You produce bile, a substance that aids in food digestion, in your liver using bilirubin.
The majority of bilirubin is eliminated from your body by a functioning liver. However, bilirubin can accumulate in your blood and enter your urine if you have a liver disorder.
Light is the right response, thus.
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Human germline mutations are often considered more worrisome than somatic ones because germline mutationsa) have phenotypic effects, whereas somatic mutations do not.b) affect more nucleotides than somatic mutations do.c) are transitions, whereas somatic mutations are transversions.d) are transmitted to offspring, whereas somatic mutations are not.e) occur more frequently than somatic mutations.
Human germline mutations are often considered more worrisome than somatic ones because germline mutations are transmitted to offspring, whereas somatic mutations are not.
What is germline mutations?Any discernible alteration within germ cells is referred to as a germline mutation, or germinal mutation. When a mutant sperm or egg combines with an unmutated oocyte to form a zygote, only mutations in these cells can be passed on to progeny.
What is somatic mutations?Any mutation that happens in a cell other than a gamete, germ cell, or gametocyte is referred to as a somatic mutation because it involves a change in the DNA sequence of a somatic cell of a multicellular organism with dedicated reproductive cells.
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Which terms accurately reflect the nature of replication of the chromosome in e. Coli?.
The chromosome replication process in E. coli is bidirectional and has a fixed point of initiation.
What is chromosome replication?When E. coli is growing rapidly, more time is needed for chromosome replication to finish than is available in between cell divisions. By starting rounds of chromosomal replication at intervals compatible with the cell replication rate, the organism avoids the potential issue of creating cells with fewer than one complete genome. Every time, initiation begins at the same location and travels in both directions to the terminus region. One effect of this is that cells in rapidly expanding populations have several active chromosome replication forks, and the largest cells have more than two copies of the entire genome in their chromosomes.
Although the exact mechanism governing the length of time between chromosomal replication rounds is unknown, numerous gene products are known to be crucial. The DNA protein, a DNA, ATP, and ADP-binding protein, has undergone the most research of all of them and appears to be crucial in the formation of the initiation complex. The reduction of certain genes' transcription when the replication fork goes through is another effect of the replication pattern. This results in synchronized cultures having apparent cell cycle-related gene regulation.
Therefore the term bidirectional and has a fixed point of initiation accurately reflect the nature of replication of the chromosome in e. Coli.
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why did it turn out to be important that the researchers ran the legume nodule study for more than 10 days? group of answer choices
It turned out to be important that the researchers ran the legume nodule study for more than 10 days because In legume nodules, symbiosomes containing endosymbiotic rhizobial bacteria act as temporary plant organelles that are responsible for nitrogen fixation, these bacteria develop mutual metabolic dependence with the host legume.
What is nitrogen fixation?Nitrogen gas is transformed into a form that is useful to plants and other bacteria through the biological process of nitrogen fixation. This mechanism transforms atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia and other related nitrogenous chemicals.
Nitric oxide is fixed, or mixed, in nature as nitric oxide by lightning and UV light, although soil microorganisms fix a larger amount of nitrogen as ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates.
Why nitrogen fixation is important?Despite the fact that dry atmospheric air is 78% nitrogen, plants cannot immediately use this nitrogen, hence soil nitrogen fixation is crucial for agriculture. For a crop to be healthy, it must be available in a digestible form.
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the confidential ipledge program pregnancy registry collects information on pregnancies that happen during isotretinoin treatment or within 1 month after the last dose (T/F)
(F)alse
