olfactory epithelium is not included in the chemoreceptor output to a respiratory centres of the medulla oblongata.
These only exist on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata and monitor changes in the pH of spinal fluid. Central chemoreceptors were once thought to be confined to areas on the ventral side of the medulla, but it is now thought that they are found throughout the brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and midbrain. High concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen ions, as well as low oxygen concentrations, cause the chemoreceptor cells to react. With the transmission of signals that block inspiration, the pnuemotaxic centre may accurately control the respiratory rate. Direct chemoreceptors include buds, which are sensitive to environmental factors in the mouth, as well as the carotid banks and aortic glands, which sense pH changes within the body. There are two types of chemoreceptors: peripheral and central.
(All of the following provide chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata, except the
a) Aortic body.
b) Olfactory epithelium.
c) Medullary chemoreceptors.
d) Carotid body.
e) All of the above)
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vitiligo is a condition characterized by death or dysfunction of scattered groups of melanocytes in the skin. how might vitiligo cause the skin to appear?
Answer:
Scattered groups of melanocytes in the skin causes the skin to appear darker in groups with more functioning melanocytes and the skin to appear lighter in groups with less/no functioning melanocytes.
Explanation:
Melanocytes produce melanin, which is a dark pigment. Thus, if the skin has fewer melanocytes, less melanin is created in that area, so a smaller amount of dark pigment is present, resulting in a lighter color. Likewise, if the skin has more melanocytes, more melanin is produced in that area, so a larger amount of dark pigment is present, resulting in a darker color.
Which characteristic was not necessary in order for plants to colonize land?A. Vascular tissue for moving water throughout the plant
B. a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss
C. the ability to screen ultraviolet light
D. the development of thick spore walls to protect the spore from dehydration
E. development of embryos protected inside other tissues
C. the ability to screen ultraviolet light was not necessary in order for plants to colonize land.
Although it is undoubtedly beneficial for shielding the plant from damaging UV rays, it is not necessary for a successful colonization. More crucial for plants to survive in a terrestrial environment were other adaptations including vascular tissue for transporting water throughout the plant, a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, and the development of strong spore walls to guard the spore from dehydration. To colonize the land the plant need system to acquire water and nutrient given by roots, and way to reduce water losses, also prevention against high intensity sunlight.
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which organelle receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylates them before sorting the proteins to other organelles?
The organelle that receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylates them before sorting the proteins into other organelles is the Golgi apparatus.
Proteins obtained from the endoplasmic reticulum are processed and sorted in the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, where they are eventually transported to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. The extensive range of cellular components that go down the secretory pathway is thus processed by the Golgi apparatus.
The Golgi apparatus, or cisternae, is a group of connected, flattened membrane-enclosed disks that originate from vesicular clusters that branch off the endoplasmic reticulum and are found in the majority of eukaryotes.
The Golgi apparatus' composition and purpose are closely related. Enzymes are distributed differently across each stack, enabling cargo proteins to be processed gradually as they go from the cisternae to the trans-Golgi face. Only in the vicinity of the Golgi stacks' membrane surfaces, where the enzymes are attached, do enzymatic processes take place.
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QuestionThe production of a new individual from the parent is called AReproductionBPropagationCCloningDNone of the aboveMedium
The production of a new individual from the parent is called Reproduction option a)
Reproduction is the process of producing children. It is possible to reproduce in two ways: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. An organism that reproduces sexually integrates the genetic information from both parents and is genetically distinct. Asexual reproduction occurs when one parent copies itself to produce genetically identical kids.
The process of producing new species/organisms is known as reproduction. Sexual and asexual reproduction are both possible. Reproduction is necessary for the survival of a species. It ensures that similar types of people be passed down from generation to generation.
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Why do more chromosomes result in increased recombination?
More chromosomes result in increased recombination because they are involved in crossovers which results in recombination and the exchange of genetic material between the maternal and paternal chromosomes.
What is a Chromosome?This is referred to as a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
They are involved in crossovers which is why in a scenario where there are more chromosomes then there is increased recombination thereby making it the correct choice.
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the world's agricultural hearth areas are those regions where plants and animals were domesticated where swidden cultivation is practiced. where an agricultural surplus is produced. from where the core gets most of its food.
Some examples of agricultural hearth areas include the Fertile Crescent, Mesoamerica, and the Andean highlands.
Swidden cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is a traditional method of clearing land for farming by cutting and burning vegetation. Agricultural surplus refers to the amount of food that is produced beyond what is needed for subsistence, which allows for trade and development of complex societies.Certainly! In addition to the Fertile Crescent, Mesoamerica, and the Andean highlands, other agricultural hearth areas include the Yellow River Valley in China and the Nile River Valley in Egypt. These regions are considered to be the birthplaces of agriculture because they were some of the first places in the world where people domesticated plants and animals for food production.
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Is the coding sequence does not have promoter before ot rna or protein
If a coding sequence does not have a promoter before it, it is unlikely that it will be transcribed into RNA or protein.
What is a promoter?A promoter is a sequence of DNA that regulates the expression of a gene, which is the coding sequence that encodes for either RNA or protein. The promoter provides the initiation site for transcription, the process by which RNA is synthesized from the DNA template.
If a coding sequence does not have a promoter before it, it is unlikely that it will be transcribed into RNA, and even if it is transcribed, it will not be translated into protein. This is because the promoter is responsible for regulating the expression of the gene, and without it, the gene will not be activated and its product will not be produced.
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Which of these happens as the moon travels from position 3 to position 4?
A waxing gibbous happens as the moon travels from the position 3 to position 4. Therefore, the correct option is C.
What is a waxing gibbous moon?A waxing gibbous moon is a phase of the moon that occurs between a first quarter moon and a full moon. During this phase, the illuminated portion of the moon appears to be more than half but not fully illuminated, as seen from the perspective of an observer on Earth.
The term “waxing” means that the illuminated portion of the moon is increasing in size, while “gibbous” means that the moon appears to be more than half but less than fully illuminated.
This phase of the moon is visible in the sky during the afternoon and evening, rising in the east in the mid-afternoon and setting in the west in the early morning. Therefore, the correct option is C.
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The question is incomplete, but most probably the complete question is,
Which of these happens as the moon travels from position 3 to position 4?
A. New moon
B. Full moon
C. Waxing gibbous
D. Half moon
if all other conditions remain the same and the concentration of a nonpenetrating solute increases inside a cell, which is most likely to occur?
If the concentration of a nonpenetrating solute increases inside a cell, the most likely effect is that water will move into cell through osmosis. This is because nonpenetrating solutes are unable to cross the cell membrane, so their concentration gradient cannot be equalized by movement across the membrane. Instead, water will move into the cell to try and dilute the increased concentration of solutes.
Cell will experience an increase in volume, that cause it to swell and potentially burst if concentration of solutes becomes too high. This process is important for maintaining proper fluid balance in cells and is regulated by body through use of ion channels and transporters to control movement of solutes and water across the cell membrane.
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Which of the following is called as the brain of the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosomes
D. Plasma membrane
Answer:
Brain of the cell:
Nucleus
what structure is highlighted? right ventricle left auricle left ventricle right auricle superior vena cava
Blood flow through the heart is Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Aorta.
How would you define blood flow?
The movement of blood through the vessels, from arteries to capillaries and ultimately into veins, is known as blood flow.
Through the superior and inferior vena cava, blood enters the right atrium and then moves to the right ventricle. The blood is then sent to the lungs, where it receives oxygen.
The left atrium is now where oxygen-rich blood enters, followed by the left ventricle and eventually the aorta, which transports blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
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Note: The correct option would be as bellow,
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? A. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein. B. vena cava → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery. C. left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation. D. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery
if a species of plant is dioecious, can it self-pollinate?
For two reasons, the reproductive potential of dioecious plant species may be limited by severe pollen restriction and narrow seed shadows. For starters, they cannot selfpollinate, and seed production occurs only when pollinators transfer from males to females.
Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the same plant reaches an ovule or the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) (in gymnosperms).
In geitonogamy, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same flowering plant, or from the microsporangium to the ovule within a single (monoecious) gymnosperm. In autogamy, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same flowering plant.
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a species of flower produces white and red flowers, but the red flowers are more easily spotted by pollinators. if a new species of insect that likes red flowers moves into the habitat, what do you expect would happen to the flower population?
If a new species of insect that like red flowers moves into the habitat, the proportion of plants with white flowers would decrease
Bees are the only insect pollinators that harvest pollen for consumption. As a result, bees are responsible for 90 percent of all pollination on the planet. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, bee pollination is the most vital ecosystem function given by animals globally, accounting for around 100 crop species that supply 90 percent of food supplies for 146 nations.
Bumble bees, carpenter bees, sweat bees, metallic bees, orchard bees, digger bees, leaf-cutter bees, miner bees, cuckoo bees, mason bees, yellow-faced bees, and others pollinate fruits and vegetables as well as honey bees.
One blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria) may pollinate almonds more effectively than 25 honey bees. Bumble bees are 40 to 60 times more successful than honey bees in pollinating tomatoes, yielding bigger fruits.
However, with a few exceptions, the contribution of native and non-managed bees to pollination goes unaccounted for in the economy. Butterflies, moths, and flies all play an important role in pollination.
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polar bears typically give birth to between one and three cubs once every two or three years. what is true of this species? the species is r-selected. the species has type 2 survivorship. the young have a high probability of survival. polar bears do not take care of their offspring.
In a den, polar bear cubs are born from November to January. In late March or early April, the mother and cubs leave their den. Birth Rate Adult females typically give birth once every three years.
The polar bear is considered a vulnerable species because of the anticipated habitat loss brought on by climate change. After years of heavy hunting, concerns about the species' future were raised, but as controls and quotas were put in place, population levels started to increase once more. Polar bears continue to retain a special position in the traditions of the circumpolar peoples because they have been crucial to their material, spiritual, and cultural existence for thousands of years. In the past, "white bears" have also been used to describe polar bears in literature. It is sometimes referred to as "nanook," which is taken from the Inuit word "nanuq."
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The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____. a) Iliac crest b) Ischial spine c) Anterior gluteal line d) Anterior superior iliac spine
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the Iliac crest.
The iliac crest is a ridge-like superior edge of the ilium bone, which is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone. It is a large and thick curved bone that forms the uppermost part of the pelvis. The iliac crest serves as an attachment site for muscles of the abdominal wall, back, and hip. It also provides protection to the underlying structures, such as the kidneys and intestines. The ischial spine is a bony projection that extends from the ischium bone and is located inferior to the ilium. The anterior gluteal line and anterior superior iliac spine are also bony landmarks on the ilium bone.
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which food products in the united states are often genetically modified using genetic engineering? which food products in the united states are often genetically modified using genetic engineering?
Corn and soyabean are the food products in the United States that are often genetically modified using genetic engineering.
United States often produces genetically modified food products like corn and soyabean to resist insect pests and tolerate herbicides applied to the crops. GMO corn is reduces the need for fertilizers, and is effective in controlling pest population without them. GMO soy is also produced for animal purposes and is used as a ingredient in processed foods.
Genetically modified organisms, or GMO, are the ones whose genetic material or DNA has been altered using genetic engineering so as to favor the desirable characters. For example, Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton is an example of a GMO that produces proteins or toxins harmful for pests, but are safe for other organisms consuming it.
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Describe 3 ways new strains of bacteria may develop.
Answer:
1) Mutations: Bacterial mutations can occur spontaneously and alter the DNA of the bacterium, leading to changes in its characteristics and potentially leading to the development of a new strain.
2) Horizontal gene transfer: Bacteria can exchange genetic material with other bacteria through mechanisms such as conjugation, transduction, or transformation. This can result in the transfer of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes, or other traits that contribute to the development of new strains.
3) Antibiotic resistance: The overuse and misuse of antibiotics can lead to the selection and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. This can result in the emergence of new strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics and pose a significant public health threat.
Which feature of bacteria is not considered to be a defensive structure?
A: cell walls
B: endospores
C: capsules
D: R plasmids
E: F plasmids
Bacterial F plasmids are not thought to be a protective structure.
F, or fertility factor, is a characteristic of F plasmids. It also goes by the name "sex factor," and it aids in the genetic material transfer from one bacterium to another. The F factor is typically transferred by the bacterium that has it through conjugation to another bacterium that does not have it. The F plasmid, also known as the F-factor, is a large, circular conjugative plasmid of Escherichia coli measuring 100 kbp. It was first described as a vector for gene recombination and horizontal gene transfer in the late 1940s. Since then, bacterial conjugation has been modelled after F and related F-like plasmids.
Because the F-plasmid has all the necessary genes for transfer, including the ability to create sex pili and activate DNA synthesis at the plasmid's transfer origin, it is known as conjugative (oriT). The recipients transform into F+ male cells after receiving the F-plasmid.
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Explain how rocks play a major role in both relative and numerical dating
Relative dating is the process of assigning a date based on the rock layer and any known objects discovered at a similar level. The amount of half-lives that a rock has had can be used in numerical dating to determine the rock's age.
The practice of estimating an object's age based on its surroundings is known as relative dating. A billion-year-old rock will probably be buried deeper in the earth than the most recent smartphone that you just dropped, according to the fundamental and overarching notion. There are numerous approaches to doing this. To put it another way, items of the same age usually have the same depth. But, numerical dating gives us a more precise way to establish an object's age. Rocks, fossils, and artifacts don't come with birth certificates stating when they were made, so we utilize a range of other techniques to establish their ages, including radioactive dating.
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both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, including h. walsbyi, require ribosomes for translation. the bacterial ribosome is a target of some antibiotics, such as tetracyclines. why is the bacterial ribosome used as a target for drug development? select all that apply.
The bacterial ribosome was chosen as a therapeutic target because
Protein synthesis by ribosomes helps bacteria survive and also result in the production of toxins that can be harmful. Bacterial cells' ribosomes differ structurally from eukaryotic cells' ribosomes.Explain about the bacterial ribosome?The bacterial ribosome is a substantial ribonucleoprotein particle that measures 200–250 nm in diameter and has an estimated molecular mass of 2.5 MDa. The functionally challenging translation of mRNA-based specific genes into amino acid sequences of proteins is being carried out by this complicated macromolecular machine.For the stated question-
Both prokaryotic cells as well as eukaryotic cells, especially h. walsbyi, necessitate ribosomes for translation. Some antibiotics, including tetracyclines, have the bacterial ribosome as their target.Thus, the bacterial ribosome was chosen as a therapeutic target because
Protein synthesis by ribosomes helps bacteria survive and also result in the production of toxins that can be harmful. Bacterial cells' ribosomes differ structurally from eukaryotic cells' ribosomes.To know more about the bacterial ribosome, here
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The complete question is-
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, including h. walsbyi, require ribosomes for translation. the bacterial ribosome is a target of some antibiotics, such as tetracyclines. why is the bacterial ribosome used as a target for drug development? select all that apply.
ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis that facilitate bacterial survival and may produce disease-causing toxinsthe ribosomes of bacterial cells have a distinct structure from those in eukaryotic cellsA _____ consists of a common ancestral species and all its descendant species
A "clade" consists of a common ancestral species and all its descendant species.
A" clade" consists of a common ancestral species and all its assignee species. Clades are important in evolutionary biology and systematics, as they give a way to organize and classify organisms grounded on their evolutionary connections. Clades can be linked grounded on participated characteristics, inheritable relatedness, or both. The use of clades allows scientists to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth and make prognostications about the characteristics of defunct or yet- to-be-discovered species. Over the last many decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized natural bracket and revealed surprising evolutionary connections among organisms. Decreasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that aren't clades; that is, taxa that aren't monophyletic. Some of the connections between organisms that the molecular biology arm of cladistics has revealed include that fungi are closer cousins to creatures than they're to shops, archaea are now considered different from bacteria, and multicellular organisms may have evolved from archaea.
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Which of these types of changes produces a physical change?
1. Making a new substance
2. Changing one substance into another
3. Breaking apart one substance to make two substances
4. Changing a substance from one state to another
Changing a substance from one state to another produces a physical change. So, the correct option is D.
What is Physical change?Physical changes are defined as changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition, which are used to separate mixtures into their constituent compounds, but usually to separate the compounds into chemical substances cannot be used to separate into elements or simpler compounds.
Some types of physical changes are changes in texture, shape, temperature, and state of matter.
Thus, changing a substance from one state to another produces a physical change. So, the correct option is D.
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Question 1 of 10
Which statement is true of base pairing in DNA?
OA. One strand has only guanine and cytosine, and the other strand
has only adenine and thymine.
OB. Cytosine in one strand pairs with cytosine in the other strand.
OC. Guanine in one strand pairs with cytosine in the other strand.
OD. One strand has only adenine and guanine, and other strand has
only cytosine and thymine.
SUBMIT
Guanine in one strand pairs with cytosine in the other strand of DNA. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is base pairing in DNA?A theory known as base pairing describes how hydrogen bonds are created in nitrogenous bases. Only certain base pairs cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine can generate hydrogen bonds.
When existing strands of DNA are duplicated to create a new strand, base pairing is involved in the replication process.
Adenine always makes double hydrogen bonds with thymine and guanine always makes triple hydrogen bonds with cytosine. Therefore, option C is correct.
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please help: which of the following describes the overall function of dna and rna?
a) they provide oxygen and micronutrients to an organism
b) they make up an organisms physical structure
c) they contain instructions to build and maintain an organism
d) they provide usable energy to an organism in the form of atp
Answer:
c) they contain instructions to build and maintain an organism
Explanation:
What type of blood vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system? A) muscular artery B) metarterioles E) conducting correct C) arterioles F) all are correct D) veins G) none
Option A), Muscular artery is the type of blood vessel that is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system.
Muscular arteries have thick walls with a high density of smooth muscle cells, which allow them to constrict and dilate in response to changes in blood pressure and flow. This allows muscular arteries to regulate blood flow and maintain a stable pressure in the cardiovascular system, even under conditions of high demand or stress. Muscular arteries are the largest and most muscular type of artery in the human body. They are designed to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system, due to their role in distributing blood to the organs and tissues of the body. The walls of muscular arteries contain three layers: the tunica intima, the tunica media, and the tunica adventitia. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of the artery wall and is in direct contact with the blood flowing through the vessel. It is composed of endothelial cells that form a smooth, non-adhesive surface to prevent blood clotting and to allow easy flow of blood. The tunica media is the middle layer of the artery wall and contains many layers of smooth muscle cells. This muscle layer is responsible for the contraction and dilation of the artery in response to the signals from the sympathetic nervous system.
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Capsules are neutrally charged. This being the case, what is the purpose of emulsifying the sample in serum in this staining procedure
Capsules structures are neutral, emulsification is necessary when staining them. The bacterial sample is emulsified in serum using a technique designed to improve adherence since serum acts like glue.
It aids in the bacterial samples' adhesion to the glass slides. Capsular material and the bacterial cell are distinguished from one another using the capsule stain. A capsule is a gelatinous coating that surrounds and clings to the cell wall and is secreted by bacterial cells. Although some capsules contain polypeptides, most capsules are made of polysaccharides. They came to the conclusion that trypan-blue dye staining of the anterior lens capsule was a practical and secure procedure for carrying out anterior capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts.
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where do proteins fold in the prokaryotic cell
Answer:
It can fold in the central cavity.
Explanation:
The reactants of aerobic cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen. Organisms typically get glucose from
Answer:
oxygen
Explanation:
hope this right
nutrient are essential chemical substances that must be consumed for normal cellular metabolism and growth. (true or false)
True. Nutrients are essential chemical substances that must be consumed by organisms for normal cellular metabolism and growth.
They are required in varying amounts by different organisms and play important roles in maintaining the structure and function of cells and tissues. There are six main classes of nutrients that are essential for human health, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. These nutrients are obtained through a balanced diet that includes a variety of different foods from different food groups. In addition, many organisms, including humans, are not able to synthesize certain nutrients and must obtain them from the diet.
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If you are busy all day and do not have time to eat, the hormone that will be released by your pancreas is a. prolactin b. cortisol c. glucagon d. insulin.
Your pancreas will release the hormone glucagon if you are too busy to eat during the day.
The pancreas releases more glucagon when blood sugar levels get dangerously low. This hormone assists in restoring blood glucose in a number of ways: It prompts the liver to transform saved glucose into a form that may be used, after which it is released into the bloodstream. (A method known as glycogenolysis.) During a fast, the pancreas secretes more glucagon when blood glucose levels drop. A 29-amino acid peptide hormone produced "glucagon" is mostly released by the pancreatic alpha cells. Insulin and glucagon, which control the amount of glucose in the blood, are the primary hormones secreted by endocrine gland in the pancreas.
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