e. all of the above statements about sharp-number pricing are true.
The statement that is not true is e.all of the above statements about sharp-number pricing are true.
the question asks for the statement that is not true about sharp-number pricing. let's examine each statement:
a. it is a pricing strategy that minimizes the use of both round-number and just-below pricing, such as $3.17, $8.44, or $176.54.
this statement is true. sharp-number pricing avoids round numbers and just-below pricing, aiming for prices like $3.17 or $8.44.
b. it suggests to consumers that the retailer is engaged in a careful price-setting process.
this statement is true. sharp-number pricing can create the perception that the retailer has carefully calculated the price, as opposed to simply rounding it off.
c. it encourages acceptance of the seller's price in a negotiation.
this statement is true. sharp-number pricing may give the impression of a well-reasoned and non-negotiable price, making it more likely for buyers to accept it without negotiation.
d. it is more common among low numbers.
this statement is true. sharp-number pricing often involves lower numbers, such as $3.17 or $8.44, as opposed to higher rounded numbers.
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Lasser Company plans to produce 14,000 units next period at a denominator activity of 42,000 direct labor-hours. The direct labor wage rate is $12.00 per hour. The company's standards allow 2 yards of direct materials for each unit of product, the standard material cost is $9.60 per yard. The company's budget includes variable manufacturing overhead cost of $2.20 per direct labor-hour and fixed manufacturing overhead of $197,400 per period. Required: 1. Using 42,000 direct labor-hours as the denominator activity, compute the predetermined overhead rate and break it down into variable and fixed elements. 2. Complete the standard cost card below for one unit of product. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Using 42,000 direct labor-hours as the denominator activity, compute the predetermined overhead rate and break it down into variable and fixed elements. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Predetermined overhead rate per DLH Variable element per DLH Fixed element per DLH < Required 1 Required 2 > Required 1 Required 2 Complete the standard cost card below for one unit of product: (Except standard hours, round your intermediate calculations and final answers to 2 decimal places.) (1) (2) (1) × (2) Standard Inputs Quantity or Standard Price or Rate Standard Cost Hours Direct materials 2 yards $ 19.20 Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead Fixed manufacturing overhead Total standard cost per unit Required 2 hours hours hours < Required 1 $9.6 per yard per hour per hour per hour
1. Predetermined Overhead Rate Calculation:
Total Budgeted Overhead = Variable Manufacturing Overhead + Fixed Manufacturing Overhead
Total Budgeted Overhead = $2.20 per DLH * 42,000 DLH + $197,400
Total Budgeted Overhead = $92,400 + $197,400
Total Budgeted Overhead = $289,800
Predetermined Overhead Rate = Total Budgeted Overhead / Denominator Activity
Predetermined Overhead Rate = $289,800 / 42,000 DLH
Variable Element per DLH = Variable Manufacturing Overhead / Denominator Activity
Variable Element per DLH = $92,400 / 42,000 DLH
Fixed Element per DLH = Fixed Manufacturing Overhead / Denominator Activity
Fixed Element per DLH = $197,400 / 42,000 DLH
Predetermined Overhead Rate per DLH = Total Budgeted Overhead / Denominator Activity
2. Standard Cost Card:
(1) (2) (1) × (2) Standard Inputs Quantity or Standard Price or Rate Standard Cost
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct materials 2 yards $9.60 per yard $19.20
Direct labor 1 hour $12.00 per hour $12.00
Variable manufacturing overhead 1 DLH Variable Element per DLH Variable Element per DLH
Fixed manufacturing overhead 1 DLH Fixed Element per DLH Fixed Element per DLH
Total standard cost per unit Total Standard Cost per Unit
Note: The values for the variable and fixed elements per DLH need to be calculated using the predetermined overhead rate from part 1.
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What is the EAR for a 12.1% APR with continuous compounding? Express your answer as a percentage, with 3 decimals, such as 4.123 percent.
The effective annual rate (EAR) for a 12.1% APR with continuous compounding is 12.322 percent. calculated using the formula EAR= e^(0.121) - 1.
Continuous compounding is a method of calculating interest where the compounding period is infinitesimally small, essentially happening instantaneously. The Effective Annual Rate (EAR) for a 12.1% Annual Percentage Rate (APR) with continuous compounding can be calculated using the formula:
EAR = e^(r) - 1
where "e" represents Euler's number (approximately 2.71828) and "r" represents the APR divided by 100. Let's plug in the values and calculate the EAR:
r = 12.1% / 100 = 0.121
EAR = e^(0.121) - 1
Using a calculator, we find:
EAR ≈ 0.128 or 12.800%
Therefore, the EAR for a 12.1% APR with continuous compounding is approximately 12.800%.
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Explain two reasons why a mature firm with a history of stable earnings, few investment opportunities and a diverse clientele of investors will prefer to maintain a consistent dividend payout ratio and distribute dividends regularly?
A consistent dividend payout ratio provides a stable income source for investors, attracting long-term income-oriented investors and enhancing the company's reputation, stock value, and overall success.
For two main reasons, a mature firm with stable earnings, few investment opportunities, and a diverse investor clientele may prefer to maintain a consistent dividend payout ratio and distribute dividends regularly. Primero, una tasa de reembolso de dividendos estable ayuda an establecer una fuente de ingresos estable y confiable para los inversores de la empresa, atrayendo y manteniendolos durante el largo plazo. This stability appeals to income-oriented investors, such as retirados or those seeking regular cash flows. Secondly, regularly distributing dividends indicates financial strength and trust in the company's performance, enhancing its reputation and stock value. Esto atrae posibles inversores y fortalece la posición general del negocio, lo que contribuye a su continuidad de éxito.
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Mitre Company acquired Midwest Transportation Co. for $1,382,000. The fair market values of the assets acquired were as follows. No liabilities were assumed.
Equipment $ 311,300 Land 207,500 Building 651,300 Franchise (10-year life) 91,000 Required
Calculate the amount of goodwill purchased.
Therefore, the amount of goodwill purchased is $120,900
Goodwill purchased can be calculated by subtracting the total fair market value of the assets acquired from the total amount paid by Mitre Company to acquire Midwest Transportation Co. Therefore,
the amount of goodwill purchased in this scenario can be calculated as follows:Total amount paid by Mitre Company to acquire Midwest Transportation Co. = $1,382,000
Total fair market value of the assets acquired = $311,300 + $207,500 + $651,300 + $91,000 = $1,261,100
Goodwill purchased = Total amount paid - Total fair market value of the assets acquired= $1,382,000 - $1,261,100= $120,900
Therefore, the amount of goodwill purchased is $120,900.
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You have $135,000 to invest. You choose to put $185,000 into the market by borrowing $50,000. a. If the risk-free interest rate is 5% and the market expected return is 12% what is the expected return of your investment? b. If the market volatility is 11%, what is the volatility of your investment? a. If the risk-free interest rate is 5% and the market expected return is 12% what is the expected return of your investment? The expected return of your investment is \%. (Round to one decimal place.) b. If the market volatility is 11%, what is the volatility of your investment? The volatility of your investment is \%. (Round to one decimal place.)
The expected return of your investment is 5.1%. (rounded to one decimal placeTo calculate the expected return, we need to consider the weighted average of the expected returns on the amount invested with your own money and the amount borrowed.
Amount invested with your own money = $135,000Amount invested by borrowing = $50,000 Total investment = Amount invested with your own money + Amount invested by borrowing = $135,000 + $50,000 = $185,000 Weight of your own money = Amount invested with your own money / Total investment = $135,000 / $185,000 ≈ 0.7297 Weight of borrowed money = Amount invested by borrowing / Total investment = $50,000 / $185,000 ≈ 0.2703 Expected return of your own money = Risk-free interest rate * Weight of your own money = 5% * 0.7297 ≈ 3.6485 Expected return of borrowed money = Market expected return * Weight of borrowed money = 12% * 0.2703 ≈ 3.2464 Expected return of your investment = Expected return of your own money + Expected return of borrowed money ≈ 3.6485 + 3.2464 ≈ 6.8949 ≈ 6.9%The volatility of your investment is 8.8%. (rounded to one decimal place)The volatility of your investment is determined by the weighted average of the market volatility and the weight of your own money.Market volatility = 11%Volatility of your investment = Market volatility * Weight of your own money = 11% * 0.7297 ≈ 8.0267 ≈ 8.0%
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Select a company and interview the owner/manager regarding their pricing strategies and methods. Report on your findings. Ideally, this will be your current company, but you may need to be resourceful and find a business owner or manager from another company who is willing to visit with you. Your goal is to discover the following:
What is the company's pricing objective? For this question, it would helpful to show the interviewee a list of the pricing objectives on page 489 with very brief descriptions.(I suggest that you either highlight the first 1-3 sentences under each objective and then show the interviewee the highlighted descriptions in your text OR simply retype them on another sheet of paper for use in the interview).
Do they have some target segments that are less price sensitive than others?
How much consideration does the company give to competitors' prices when setting their own?
What method of pricing do they use to arrive at the final price for the customer? For this question, you should be very familiar with the methods found under "Step 5" on pages 475-480 before the interview, but do not ask the interviewee to select from among them. Instead, simply listen to the description of their pricing method(s) and process. Then, after the interview, try to determine which of the textbook's methods the company uses. You do not need to request or report exact markups or profit margins! You should make this clear when requesting the interview! We are looking for methods of pricing, not exact figures.
Important note: This is your chance to do some "primary research." I understand that it may be difficult to find a willing interviewee, but I expect you to try earnestly. If you fail to find a willing owner/manager after at least 7 attempts at different companies, then please email me and I will assist you. Don't overlook companies owned by friends, people at your church, and those in your old hometown. In your post, you do not need to reveal the name of the company you interviewed or its location. You should, however, reveal the industry, the nature of the business (deli, grocery store, gift shop, nursery, barber, etc), and a rough idea of the size (single mom and pop or multi-location). If the business owner/manager is hesitant about what you may write, offer to submit your post to them for review before posting it.
I can provide you with some guidance on how to approach the assignment and gather information for your report.
Selecting a Company: Choose a company for the interview. It can be your current company, a local business in your area, or a business owned by someone you know. Consider businesses that are willing to share information about their pricing strategies and methods.
Contacting the Owner/Manager: Reach out to the owner or manager of the selected company and request an interview. Explain the purpose of the interview, assure them that the information will be kept confidential if needed, and offer to submit the post for review before publishing if they have any concerns.
Conducting the Interview: During the interview, focus on the following key questions:
a. Pricing Objective: Ask the interviewee about the company's pricing objective and provide them with a list of pricing objectives from your textbook. Listen to their response and note which objective(s) align with their approach.
b. Price Sensitivity: Inquire if the company has identified target segments that are less price sensitive than others. This will give you insights into their pricing strategies for different customer groups.
c. Consideration of Competitors' Prices: Ask how much consideration the company gives to competitors' prices when setting their own. This will help you understand the extent to which competitive pricing influences their decisions.
d. Pricing Methods: Discuss the company's approach to pricing and their process for arriving at the final price for customers. Listen to their description and try to match it with the pricing methods outlined in your textbook.
Analyzing the Information: After the interview, analyze the information gathered and identify the pricing objectives, target segments, consideration of competitors' prices, and the pricing methods used by the company. Compare their approach with the ones discussed in your textbook and draw conclusions based on the similarities and differences.
Reporting Your Findings: Write a report summarizing your findings without revealing the specific company's name or location. Instead, describe the industry, nature of the business, and approximate size of the company (e.g., small local grocery store, medium-sized clothing retailer, etc.).
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Zisk Company purchases direct materials on credit. Budgeted purchases are April, $93,000; May, $123,000; and June, $133,000. Cash payments for purchases are: 75% in the month of purchase and 25% in the first month after purchase. Purchases for March are $83.000. Prepare a schedule of cash payments for direct materials for April, May, and June.
The schedule of cash payments for direct materials provides a breakdown of the expected cash outflows for the purchase of materials in April, May, and June.
schedule of cash payment April, May, and June is as follows:
April: $69,750
May: $92,250
To calculate the cash payments for direct materials, we need to consider the budgeted purchases and the payment terms.
Given:
Budgeted purchases for April: $93,000
Budgeted purchases for May: $123,000
Budgeted purchases for June: $133,000
Cash payments purchases: 75% purchase month and 25% after purchase first month
calculate the cash payments as follows:
April purchases: $93,000 x 75% = $69,750 (75% payment in the month of purchase)
May purchases: $123,000 x 75% = $92,250 (75% payment in the month of purchase)
June purchases: $133,000 x 75% = $99,750 (75% payment in the month of purchase)
April purchases payment in May: $93,000 x 25% = $23,250 (25% payment in the first month after purchase)
May purchases payment in June: $123,000 x 25% = $30,750 (25% payment in the first month after purchase)
June purchases payment in July: $133,000 x 25% = $33,250 (25% payment in the first month after purchase)
schedule of cash payment April, May, and June is as follows:
April: $69,750
May: $92,250
June: $124,250
The schedule of cash payments for direct materials provides a breakdown of the expected cash outflows for the purchase of materials in April, May, and June. This information helps in managing cash flow and budgeting for material expenses during the specified months.
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On November 5, 2021, OSHA issued an emergency temporary standard (ETS), requiring private employers with 100 or more employees to mandate Covid-19 vaccinations for all employees or, in the alternative, testing and masks for those employees choosing not to vaccinate. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals issued an order to stay (stop) the ruling the following day. The opinion of the Fifth Circuit is linked below and must be read before participating in the Discussion Board. Recall that the Fifth Circuit is the Circuit Court (Appellate Court) for Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. The Fifth Circuit stated, " the ETS exposes employers to severe financial risk if they refuse or fail to comply, and threatens to decimate their workforce's (and business prospects) by forcing unwilling employees to take their shots, take their tests, or hit the road."
All pending appeals throughout the United States were transferred to the Sixth Circuit where a 2-1 decision overturned the stay. This decision was appealed to the United States Supreme Court and on January 7, 2022, the United States Supreme heard oral arguments regarding challenges to the COVID-19 vaccine mandates. If you have the time, I highly encourage each one of you to listen to the oral arguments in their entirety. It will be a landmark decision for generations to come.
If allowed to take effect, the mandate would force every private business with 100 or more employees to require proof of a negative COVID-19 test on at least a weekly basis or proof of vaccination from each worker. The decision will also affect approximately 17 million health care workers at facilities receiving Medicaid and Medicare funding.
The Supreme Court has made its decision. How did they rule? Read the opinion attached below and then participate in the Discussion Board.
Please discuss the following with your classmates: (At Least 300 Words)
1. Should a government agency (OSHA) un-elected by the American people have the power to mandate your bodily autonomy and privacy in a manner that will affect you both inside and outside of the workplace long after you have left your job?
2. Given that we now know that the COVID-19 vaccine does not prevent you from getting infected with COVID-19 or from spreading the infection and that the recovery rate for most is over 99% do you think an ETS is warranted?
The Supreme Court's ruling on the COVID-19 vaccine mandates is not provided in the given information. However, two discussion points are presented: 1) Whether a government agency like OSHA should have the power to mandate bodily autonomy and privacy.
The information provided does not include the Supreme Court's ruling on the COVID-19 vaccine mandates. It only sets the context and encourages participants to read the opinion and engage in discussions. As a language model, I don't have access to real-time information or the ability to browse the internet. Therefore, I cannot provide the Supreme Court's ruling in this case.
Regarding the first discussion point, opinions may vary on whether a government agency like OSHA should have the power to mandate bodily autonomy and privacy. Some argue that such mandates encroach on personal freedoms and individual rights, while others may argue that public health concerns justify government intervention. The balance between personal autonomy and public health is a complex and debated issue.
Regarding the second discussion point, the justification for an ETS depends on various factors, including the effectiveness of the vaccine in reducing severe illness and hospitalization, the transmission rates of the virus, and the potential risks to vulnerable populations. While the COVID-19 vaccine may not prevent all infections or transmission, evidence suggests that it significantly reduces the severity of illness and helps protect individuals from severe complications. The decision to implement an ETS involves weighing the potential benefits of reducing workplace transmission against the potential burdens on employers and employees.
It is important to note that discussions around these topics often involve ethical, legal, and scientific considerations, and people's opinions may differ based on their individual perspectives, values, and experiences.
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Justify your answer, a choice without justifications will not be graded. If you use graphs, make sure you accurately identify the variables used. A monopolist faces the demand function
Q = 7,000/ (p + 3)^ −2 .
If she charges a price of p, her marginal revenue will be a. -2(p + 3)-3.
b. p/2 - 3/2.
c. (p + B)-2.
d. p/2 + 3.
e. 2p + 1.50.
The correct choice is (b) p/2 - 3/2. This can be determined by calculating the marginal revenue (MR) for the monopolist using the given demand function and its relation to the price (p).
The marginal revenue (MR) is the additional revenue generated by selling one more unit of output. It can be calculated as the derivative of the total revenue (TR) function with respect to quantity (Q). In this case, the total revenue function can be derived from the demand function.
Given the demand function Q = 7,000 / (p + 3)^-2, we can rewrite it as p = 7,000 / Q^(1/2) - 3. This represents the inverse demand function, where p is the price as a function of quantity.
To find the marginal revenue, we differentiate the total revenue function with respect to quantity:
MR = d(TR)/dQ = d(pQ)/dQ = p + Q(dp/dQ).
Using the inverse demand function, we substitute p = 7,000 / Q^(1/2) - 3 into the expression for MR:
MR = (7,000 / Q^(1/2) - 3) + Q(d(7,000 / Q^(1/2) - 3)/dQ).
Simplifying this expression, we can calculate the derivative and obtain:
MR = p/2 - 3/2.
Therefore, the correct choice is (b) p/2 - 3/2 as the expression for marginal revenue (MR) for the monopolist.
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A company offers iD theft protection using leads obtained from client banks. Three employees work 40 hours a week on the leads. at a pay rate of $18 per hour per employee. Each employee identifies an average of 4,000 potential leads a week from a list of 4,900 . An average of 9 percent of potential leads actually sign up for the service. paying a one-time fee of $80. Material costs are $1,200 per week, and overhead costs are $9,200 per week. Calculate the multifactor productivity for this operation in fees generated per dollar of input. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The multifactor productivity for the operation can be calculated by dividing the fees generated by the input costs. Therefore, the multifactor productivity for this operation in fees generated per dollar of input is 2.30.
To calculate the multifactor productivity, we need to determine the total fees generated and the total input costs. The total fees generated can be calculated by multiplying the number of signed-up leads by the one-time fee per lead. In this case, 9 percent of the potential leads sign up, so the number of signed-up leads is 0.09 multiplied by 4,000, resulting in 360 signed-up leads. Multiplying this by the one-time fee of $80 gives us a total fee generated of $28,800.
The total input costs include the wages of the three employees, material costs, and overhead costs. The weekly wages for each employee are $18 per hour multiplied by 40 hours, resulting in $720 per employee. Since there are three employees, the total wages for the employees amount to $2,160 per week. Adding the material costs of $1,200 per week and the overhead costs of $9,200 per week, the total input costs are $12,560 per week. Finally, to calculate the multifactor productivity, we divide the total fees generated ($28,800) by the total input costs ($12,560). The result is approximately 2.30, which means that for every dollar of input cost, the operation generates $2.30 in fees.
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Draaksh believes that the above cost estimates will not substantially change for the next fiscal year. Given the stiff competition in the wine market, Draaksh budgeted an amount of $32,800 per month for sales promotions; additionally, it has decided to offer a sales commission of $3.75 per bottle to its sales personnel. Administrative expenses are expected to be $24,400 per month. Required: 1. Compute the expected total variable cost per bottle and the expected contribution margin ratio Total variable cost Contribution margin ratio $ 25 X 75 % Bed 2. Compute the annual break-even sales in units and dollars. (Round your intermediate and final answers to the whole number) Annual breakeven sales in units. Annual breakeven sales in dollars Margin of safety Budgeted sales $ 3. Draaksh has budgeted sales of $7.9 million for the next fiscal year. What is the company's margin of safety in dollars and as a percentage of budgeted sales? (Round your intermediate and final answers to the whole number). Margin of Safety ____ Percentage of Budgeted Sales _____
The margin of safety is $7,701,200 and the percentage of budgeted sales is 97.45%.
The expected total variable cost per bottle is $28.75 and the expected contribution margin ratio is 71.25%, the annual break-even sales in units is 1,988 and in dollars is $198,800, and the margin of safety is $7,701,200 or 97.45% of budgeted sales.
1. Compute the expected total variable cost per bottle and the expected contribution margin ratio:
- Total variable cost per bottle = Sales commission per bottle + Cost per bottle = $3.75 + $25 = $28.75
- Contribution margin ratio = (Selling price - Total variable cost) / Selling price = (100 - 28.75) / 100 = 71.25%
2. Compute the annual break-even sales in units and dollars:
- Fixed costs = Sales promotions + Administrative expenses = $32,800 + $24,400 = $57,200 per month
- Break-even sales in units = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit = $57,200 / $28.75 = 1,988 units (rounded to the nearest whole number)
- Break-even sales in dollars = Break-even sales in units * Selling price per unit = 1,988 * $100 = $198,800 (rounded to the nearest whole number)
3. Compute the margin of safety:
- Margin of safety = Budgeted sales - Break-even sales = $7,900,000 - $198,800 = $7,701,200
- Percentage of Budgeted Sales = (Margin of safety / Budgeted sales) * 100 = ($7,701,200 / $7,900,000) * 100 = 97.45% (rounded to the nearest whole number)
So, the margin of safety is $7,701,200 and the percentage of budgeted sales is 97.45%.
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How would the relationship between the return of two stocks
influence the risk of the portfolio?
The relationship between the return of two stocks can influence the risk of the portfolio through correlation.
If the returns of the two stocks are positively correlated, meaning they tend to move in the same direction, the portfolio's risk may increase. This is because when one stock performs poorly, there is a higher likelihood that the other stock will also perform poorly, leading to larger losses for the portfolio.
On the other hand, if the returns of the two stocks are negatively correlated, meaning they tend to move in opposite directions, the portfolio's risk may decrease. This is because when one stock performs poorly, there is a higher likelihood that the other stock will perform well, offsetting some of the losses and reducing the overall risk of the portfolio.
By diversifying the portfolio with stocks that have different return patterns and correlation levels, investors can potentially reduce risk through the principle of "not putting all eggs in one basket." This is because the variability of returns for different stocks can offset each other, resulting in a more stable and less risky overall portfolio.
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The relationship between the return of two stocks can influence the risk of the portfolio through correlation.
If the returns of the two stocks are positively correlated, meaning they tend to move in the same direction, the portfolio's risk may increase. This is because when one stock performs poorly, there is a higher likelihood that the other stock will also perform poorly, leading to larger losses for the portfolio.
On the other hand, if the returns of the two stocks are negatively correlated, meaning they tend to move in opposite directions, the portfolio's risk may decrease. This is because when one stock performs poorly, there is a higher likelihood that the other stock will perform well, offsetting some of the losses and reducing the overall risk of the portfolio.
By diversifying the portfolio with stocks that have different return patterns and correlation levels, investors can potentially reduce risk through the principle of "not putting all eggs in one basket." This is because the variability of returns for different stocks can offset each other, resulting in a more stable and less risky overall portfolio.
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The US, Mexico, and Canada all produce steel and corn. The table below shows the total production for each good if the country specialized in that good. The units for the opportunity cost of producing
The table provides information on the total production of steel and corn if the United States (US), Mexico, and Canada specialize in each respective good. The units for the opportunity cost of producing these goods are not specified.
Without the units for the opportunity cost of producing steel and corn, it is challenging to determine the specific trade-offs involved in specializing in each good.
The concept of opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative forgone when making a choice. In this case, specialization in steel production would mean allocating more resources and effort towards producing steel, while specializing in corn production would involve focusing on producing more corn.
To assess the trade-offs, we would need to compare the opportunity cost of producing one unit of steel to the opportunity cost of producing one unit of corn for each country.
The country with a lower opportunity cost of producing a particular good has a comparative advantage in that good. This means that specializing in the good with a lower opportunity cost would lead to greater efficiency and potential gains from trade.
Without the units or specific values for the opportunity cost, it is not possible to determine the exact comparative advantages of the US, Mexico, and Canada or evaluate the potential gains from specialization and trade between these countries.
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Louis files as a single taxpayer. In April of this year he received a $900 refund of state income taxes that he paid last year. How much of the refund, if any, must Louis include in gross income under the following independent scenarios? Assume the standard deduction last year was $12,550. Note: Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable. Required: a. Last year Louis claimed itemized deductions of $12,800. Louis's itemized deductions included state income taxes paid of $1,750 and no other state or local taxes. b. Last year Louis had itemized deductions of $10,800 and he chose to claim the standard deduction. Louis's itemized deductions included state income taxes paid of $1,750 and no other state or local taxes. c. Last year Louis claimed itemized deductions of $13,990. Louis's itemized deductions included state income taxes paid of $2,750 and no other state or local taxes.
Louis does not need to include any portion of the $900 state income tax refund in his gross income. The entire refund can be excluded.
a. Last year Louis claimed itemized deductions of $12,800. Louis's itemized deductions included state income taxes paid of $1,750 and no other state or local taxes.
In this scenario, Louis must include the refund in his gross income since his itemized deductions exceeded the standard deduction.
The amount of the refund to be included is calculated as follows:
Refund to be included = (State income taxes paid / Total itemized deductions) x Refund received
Refund to be included = (1,750 / 12,800) x 900
Refund to be included = 0.13671875 x 900
Refund to be included ≈ $123.05
Therefore, Louis must include approximately $123.05 of the refund in his gross income.
b. Last year Louis had itemized deductions of $10,800 and he chose to claim the standard deduction.
Louis's itemized deductions included state income taxes paid of $1,750 and no other state or local taxes.
In this scenario, Louis does not need to include any of the refund in his gross income.
Since he chose to claim the standard deduction, the refund is considered a recovery of previously paid state income taxes and is not taxable.
Therefore, Louis does not need to include any amount of the refund in his gross income.
c. Last year Louis claimed itemized deductions of $13,990. Louis's itemized deductions included state income taxes paid of $2,750 and no other state or local taxes.
In this scenario, Louis does not need to include any of the refund in his gross income.
His itemized deductions, including state income taxes, exceeded the standard deduction, so the refund is considered a recovery of previously paid state income taxes and is not taxable.
Therefore, Louis does not need to include any amount of the refund in his gross income.
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Tech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job-order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and installs on behalf of its clients. The firm's direct labor includes salaries of consultants that work at the client's job site. and its overhead consists of costs such as depreciation, utilities, and insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients. Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 80,000 direct labor-hours would be required for the period's estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $680,000 of fixed overhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor-hour. The firm's actual overhead cost for the year was $692,000 and its actual total direct labor was 83,000 hours. Required: 1. Compute the predetermined overhead rate. 2. During the year, Tech Solutions started and completed the Xavier Company engagement. The following information was available with respect to this job: $ 38,000 Direct materials Direct labor cost. $ 21,000 280 Direct labor-hours worked Compute the total job cost for the Xavier Company engagement. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Compute the predetermined overhead rate.. Predetermined overhead rate per DLH Compute the total job cost for the Xavier Company engagement. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Compute the total job cost for the Xavier Company engagement. Direct materials Direct labor Overhead applied Total manufacturing cost $ 0
The predetermined overhead rate is $8.50 per direct labor-hour.
The total job cost for the Xavier Company engagement is $59,800.
To compute the predetermined overhead rate, we divide the estimated total overhead cost by the estimated total direct labor-hours.
Estimated total overhead cost = Fixed overhead cost + (Variable overhead rate * Estimated total direct labor-hours)
Estimated total overhead cost = $680,000 + ($0.50 * 80,000) = $680,000 + $40,000 = $720,000
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated total overhead cost / Estimated total direct labor-hours = $720,000 / 80,000 = $8.50 per direct labor-hour.
The total job cost for the Xavier Company engagement is the sum of direct materials, direct labor, and applied overhead.
Direct materials = $38,000
Direct labor = $21,000
Overhead applied = Predetermined overhead rate per direct labor-hour * Actual direct labor-hours
= $8.50 * 280 = $2,380
Total manufacturing cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Overhead applied
= $38,000 + $21,000 + $2,380 = $59,380
The predetermined overhead rate is calculated to be $8.50 per direct labor-hour. The total job cost for the Xavier Company engagement is $59,800, which includes direct materials, direct labor, and applied overhead. These calculations are based on the provided information and the formulas for predetermined overhead rate and total job cost in a job-order costing system.
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Regent Corp. uses a standard cost system to account for the costs of its one product. Materials standards are 3 pounds of material at $14 per pound, and labor standards are 4 hours of labor at a standard wage rate of $11. During July Regent Corp. produced 3,300 units. Materials purchased and used totaled 10,100 pounds at a total cost of $142,650. Payroll totaled $146,780 for 13,150 hours worked. Calculate the direct materials price variance.
The direct materials price variance measures the difference between the actual cost of materials and the standard cost of materials that were expected to be used in production. It is calculated as follows:
Direct Materials Price Variance = (Actual Price - Standard Price) x Actual Quantity
In this case, the actual quantity of materials used was 10,100 pounds, the standard price was $14 per pound, and we need to calculate the actual price paid for materials.
Actual price = Total cost of materials purchased / Actual quantity of materials used
Actual price = $142,650 / 10,100 pounds
Actual price = $14.11 per pound
Therefore, the direct materials price variance can be calculated as:
Direct Materials Price Variance = ($14.11 - $14) x 10,100 pounds
Direct Materials Price Variance = $1,111 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Therefore, the direct materials price variance for July is $1,111 unfavorable. This means that the company paid $1,111 more for materials than it would have if it had paid the standard price of $14 per pound.
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Usury laws prohibit charging interest above a certain statutory limit on loans? Tor F a. True b. False No answer text provided. No answer text provided.
False. Usury laws do not necessarily prohibit charging interest above a certain statutory limit on loans.
Usury laws vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and their specific provisions can differ significantly. While some usury laws do set a maximum limit on the interest that can be charged on loans, not all usury laws follow this approach. In some jurisdictions, usury laws may focus on unfair or excessive interest rates rather than imposing a specific limit. Additionally, there are places where usury laws are more relaxed or nonexistent, allowing lenders to charge higher interest rates.
Furthermore, even in jurisdictions with usury laws that set a maximum limit on interest rates, there are often exceptions or exemptions for certain types of lenders or loans. For example, banks and other financial institutions may be subject to different rules compared to non-bank lenders. Additionally, certain types of loans, such as mortgages or credit cards, may have their own specific regulations regarding interest rates.
While usury laws can restrict charging excessive interest rates in some jurisdictions, they do not universally prohibit charging interest above a certain statutory limit on loans. The specifics of usury laws can vary significantly depending on the jurisdiction and the type of loan involved.
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The use of audit sampling________.
a. is mandatory for all publicly traded companies b. may be a function of the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal auditors c. may be a function of the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit procedure
d. is prohibited by the AICPA Jessie and Susan are working on the audit of Parker LLC, a medium-sized firm and distributor of cotton products throughout the continental United States. Jessie has just finished explaining why auditors obtain samples rather than test entire populations to Susan. Susan replies that although she understands, it would seem safer for the auditor just to test the entire population in order to be able to offer a higher level of assurance. Which of the following represents Jessie's best response to this?
a. The auditors tend to test samples more so than populations because the internal audit function routinely tests populations throughout the year b. Auditors obtain and test a sample instead of the entire population because it would take too much time and be too expensive for the auditor to test the populations of all accounts.
c. None of the choices is correct. d. Auditors only obtain and test samples because statistical theory holds that if the auditor obtains a sample size of at least ten percent of the population, the conclusions reached will be the same either way.
The use of audit sampling may be a function of the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit procedure. So, the answer to the first question is option c. Auditors obtain and test a sample instead of the entire population because it is more efficient and cost-effective. So, the answer to the second question is option c.
Audit sampling is the practice of testing a subset of a company's financial information to calculate its accuracy.
Auditors are professionals who are trained and authorized to examine the financial records of a company. The primary objective of the audit is to provide an independent opinion as to whether the financial statements fairly reflect the financial performance and position of the organization.
The use of audit sampling is not mandatory for all publicly traded companies. It is a tool that auditors use to test the accuracy of financial information. It is not required for all companies, and it may be used differently by different auditors depending on their professional judgment and experience.
Jessie should explain that auditors obtain and test a sample instead of the entire population because it is more efficient and cost-effective. Testing the entire population of a company's financial records is not practical, and it would be too expensive. A representative sample of the financial information is tested to determine the accuracy of the financial statements. Therefore, Answer (b) is correct.
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A 5-year project is expected to generate revenues of $90,000, variable costs of $44,000, and fixed costs of $15,000. The annual depreciation is $3,000 and the tax rate is 30 percent. What is the annual operating cash flow?
Group of answer choices
$23,380
$23,000
$31,000
$22,600
$19,600
The annual opening cash flow is $22,600.
Annual Operating Cash Flow:
Annual Revenue = $90,000 / 5 = $18,000
Annual Variable Cost = $44,000 / 5 = $8,800
Annual Fixed Cost = $15,000
Annual Depreciation = $3,000
Annual Operating Cash Flow (OCF) = (Annual Revenue - Annual Variable Cost - Annual Fixed Cost) x (1 - Tax Rate) + Annual Depreciation
OCF = ($18,000 - $8,800 - $15,000) x (1 - 0.3) + $3,000
OCF = $22,600
Hence, the annual operating cash flow of the project is $22,600.
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.The law of demand for financial capital states that as interest rates increase, the quantity demanded for financial capital like loans or credit cards will:
A- increase
B -decrease
C - remain unchanged
D - shift
The law of demand for financial capital states that as interest rates increase, the quantity demanded for financial capital like loans or credit cards will decrease.
The correct option is (B).
According to the law of demand, there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity demanded. In the case of financial capital, the price is represented by interest rates. When interest rates increase, the cost of borrowing money becomes higher, leading to a decrease in the quantity demanded for financial capital such as loans or credit cards. This is because individuals and businesses are less willing to borrow money at higher interest rates, which reduces their demand for financial capital.
Therefore, the correct answer is (B) decrease.
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if an investment project would make use of land which the firm currently owns
If an investment project would make use of land which the firm currently owns, it would reduce the initial cost of the project.
If a firm uses the land that they already own for an investment project, it would cut down the initial cost of the project. Using the land owned by the firm is a cost-effective way of starting a project as it would eliminate the need to purchase land or rent it. This would ultimately save the company money and increase their profits in the long run. In addition, using land owned by the firm could also reduce the time it takes to acquire the necessary permits and clearances. Overall, using land owned by the firm is a practical and efficient way to initiate an investment project.
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We have the following hypothesis using a significance level of 0.05 2: n=18 The critical value of the left and right would be:
The critical value of the right tail = +1.96. The critical values are symmetrical about the mean.
We have the following hypothesis using a significance level of 0.05 2: n=18 The critical value of the left and right would be:
Given significance level α = 0.05
Sample size n = 18
Level of confidence = 1 - α = 1 - 0.05 = 0.95
For a two-tailed test,α/2 = 0.05/2 = 0.025
The critical values of the left and right tails are equal in magnitude and denoted by zα/2.
So, zα/2 = ± 1.96 (from standard normal distribution table)
Therefore, the critical value of the left tail = -1.96
The critical value of the right tail = +1.96
The critical values are symmetrical about the mean.
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Consider the following abbreviated financial statements for Barrie Enterprises: BARRIE Enterprises 2017 and 2018 Partial Statement of Financial Position Assets Liabilities and Owner's Equity 2017 2017 2018 2018 $ 380 $ 420 Current assets. $944 $1,020 Current liabilities Net fixed assets 4,067 4,836 Long-term debt 2,141 2,282 BARRIE Enterprises 2018 Statement of Comprehensive Income Sales $ 13,100 Costs 5,533 Depreciation 1,183 324 Interest paid a. What is owner's equity for 2017 and 2018? (Omit $ sign in your response.) Owner's equity 2017 $ Owner's equity 2018 $ b. What is the change in net working capital for 2018? (Omit $ sign in your response.) Change in NWC $ c1. In 2018, Barrie Enterprises purchased $2,055 in new fixed assets. How much in fixed assets did Barrie Enterprises sell? (Omit $ sign in your response.) Fixed assets sold $ c2. In 2018, Barrie Enterprises purchased $2,055 in new fixed assets. What is the cash flow from assets for the year? (The tax rate is 35%.) (Omit $ sign in your response.) Cash flow from assets $ d1. During 2018, Barrie Enterprises raised $408 in new long-term debt. How much long-term debt must Barrie Enterprises have paid off during the year? (Omit $ sign in your response.) Debt retired $ d2. During 2018, Barrie Enterprises raised $408 in new long-term debt. What is the cash flow to creditors? (Omit $ sign in your response.) Cash flow to creditors ___
a. Owner's equity for 2017: $380. Owner's equity for 2018: $1,558. b. Change in net working capital for 2018: $76. c1. Barrie Enterprises sold $771 in fixed assets. c2. The cash flow from assets for the year is -$1,647. d1. Barrie Enterprises must have paid off $141 in long-term debt during the year. d2. The cash flow to creditors is -$567.
a. Owner's equity is calculated by subtracting total liabilities from total assets. In 2017, the owner's equity is $380 ($944 - $564). In 2018, the owner's equity is $1,558 ($1,020 - $462).
b. Change in net working capital is determined by subtracting the previous year's net working capital from the current year's net working capital. In this case, the change in net working capital for 2018 is $76 (($1,020 - $944) - ($420 - $380)).
c1. To determine the fixed assets sold, we subtract the increase in net fixed assets from the purchase of new fixed assets. In this case, the purchase of new fixed assets is $2,055, so the fixed assets sold is $771 ($4,836 - $4,067 - $2,055).
c2. Cash flow from assets is calculated by subtracting the change in net working capital from the cash flow from operating activities. In this case, the cash flow from assets is -$1,647 ($13,100 - $5,533 - $1,183 - $76).
d1. The amount of long-term debt paid off is calculated by subtracting the increase in long-term debt from the new long-term debt raised. In this case, the new long-term debt raised is $408, so the long-term debt retired is $141 ($408 - $267).
d2. Cash flow to creditors is determined by subtracting the increase in long-term debt from the cash flow from financing activities. In this case, the cash flow to creditors is -$567 ($408 - $975).
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equitable treatment of employees in an organization primarily involves:
Providing fair and unbiased treatment to all employees, ensuring equal opportunities, respect, non-discrimination, and fair compensation.
Equitable treatment of employees in an organization refers to creating an environment where fairness and equality prevail. It involves several key aspects. First, it requires providing equal opportunities to all employees, regardless of their background, gender, race, or other characteristics. This means ensuring that hiring, promotion, and training processes are based on merit and performance rather than discriminatory factors. Equitable treatment also entails fostering a workplace culture of respect, where all individuals are treated with dignity and professionalism. Fair compensation practices are essential, ensuring that employees receive remuneration commensurate with their skills, responsibilities, and contributions. Additionally, equitable treatment involves establishing policies and procedures that prevent discrimination, harassment, and bias. It emphasizes creating an inclusive and diverse work environment where every employee has a voice, feels valued, and has the opportunity to thrive based on their abilities and efforts.
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CASE STUDY: THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY ACCOUNTING TEAM
For the past five years, I have been working at McKay, Sanderson, and Smith Associates, a mid-sized
accounting firm in Boston that specializes in commercial accounting and audits. My particular specialty is
accounting practices for shipping companies, ranging from small fishing fleets to a couple of the big
firms with ships along the East Coast.
About 18 months ago, McKay, Sanderson, and Smith Associates became part of a large merger involving
two other accounting firms. These firms have offices in Miami, Seattle, Baton Rouge, and Los Angeles.
Although the other two accounting firms were much larger than McKay, all three firms agreed to avoid
centralizing the business around one office in Los Angeles. Instead, the new firm—called Goldberg,
Choo, and McKay Associates—would rely on teams across the country to "leverage the synergies of our
collective knowledge" (an often-cited statement from the managing partner soon after the merger).
The effect of the merger affected me a year ago when my boss (a senior partner and vice president of
the merged firm) announced that I would be working more closely with three people from the other two
firms to become the firm’s new shipping industry accounting team. The other "team members" were
Elias in Miami, Susan in Seattle, and Brad in Los Angeles. I had met Elias briefly at a meeting in New York
City during the merger, but have never met Susan or Brad, although knew that they were shipping
accounting professionals at the other firms.
Initially, the shipping "team" activities involved emailing each other about new contracts and
prospective clients. Later, we were asked to submit joint monthly reports on accounting statements and
issues. Normally, I submitted my own monthly reports which summarize activities involving my own
clients.
Coordinating the monthly report with three other people took much more time, particularly since
different accounting documentation procedures across the three firms were still being resolved. It took
numerous emails and a few telephone calls to work out a reasonable monthly report style.
During this aggravating process, it became apparent to me at least — that this "teams" business was
costing me more time than it was worth. Moreover, Brad in Los Angeles didn’t have a clue as to how to
communicate with the rest of us. He rarely replied to emails. Instead, he often used the telephone voice
mail system, which resulted in numerous irritating episodes of telephone tag. Brad arrives at work at
9:30 a.m. in Los Angeles (and is often late!), which is early afternoon in Boston. I typically have a flexible
work schedule from 7:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. so I can chauffeur my kids after school to sports and music
lessons. So Brad and I have a window of less than three hours to share information.
The biggest nuisance with the shipping specialist accounting team started two weeks ago when the firm
asked the four of us to develop a new strategy for attracting more shipping firm business. This new
strategic plan is a messy business. Somehow, we have to share our thoughts on various approaches,
agree on a new plan, and write a unified submission to the managing partner. Already, the project is
taking most of my time just writing and responding to emails, and talking in conference calls (which
none of us did much before the team formed).
Susan and Brad have already had two or three "misunderstandings" via email about their different
perspectives on delicate matters in the strategic plan. The worst of these disagreements required a
conference call with all of us to resolve. Except for the most basic matters, it seems that we can’t
understand each other, let alone agree on key issues. I have come to the conclusion that I would never
want Brad to work in my Boston office (thank goodness, he’s on the other side of the country). While
Elias and I seem to agree on most points, the overall team can’t form a common vision or strategy. I
don’t know how Elias, Susan, or Brad feel, but I would be quite happy to work somewhere that did not
require any of these long-distance team headaches.
answer the following questions:
What type of team was formed here? Was it necessary, in your opinion?
Use the team effectiveness model and related information in this chapter to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this team’s environment, design, and processes.
Assuming that these four people must continue to work as a team, recommend ways to improve the team’s effectiveness.
CITE IN TEXT APA 7 Edition
The team formed in this case study is a virtual team or a geographically dispersed team, as the team members are located in different offices across the country (Boston, Miami, Seattle, and Los Angeles). Whether it was necessary or not depends on the specific objectives and requirements of the organization. However, based on the challenges and difficulties faced by the team members, it seems that the formation of this team has created more problems than benefits.
The strengths and weaknesses of this team can be analyzed using the team effectiveness model.
Environment: The team environment is characterized by geographical distance, different time zones, and lack of face-to-face interaction. These factors create communication and coordination challenges, making it difficult to establish a common understanding and develop effective relationships among team members.
Design: The team design lacks clear guidelines and protocols for communication, decision-making, and conflict resolution. The differences in accounting documentation procedures across the three firms add to the complexity and time-consuming nature of the team's activities.
Processes: The team processes suffer from poor communication, delayed responses, and misunderstandings. The reliance on email and voicemail as primary communication channels hinders effective collaboration and timely exchange of information. The lack of a shared vision and divergent perspectives on key issues hinder the team's ability to develop a unified strategic plan.
To improve the team's effectiveness, several recommendations can be made:
Enhance communication channels: Utilize real-time communication tools such as video conferencing and instant messaging to facilitate immediate and direct interaction among team members. This would reduce delays and misunderstandings associated with asynchronous communication methods.
Establish clear protocols: Develop standardized procedures and guidelines for communication, decision-making, and conflict resolution to provide a structured framework for the team's activities. This would promote consistency and clarity in team processes.
Foster a shared understanding: Encourage open and transparent communication to ensure that team members have a common understanding of goals, objectives, and expectations. Regular team meetings and discussions can help align perspectives and foster a sense of unity.
Develop trust and rapport: Invest in team-building activities and initiatives that facilitate relationship building and trust among team members. This can include both virtual team-building exercises and occasional face-to-face meetings to strengthen interpersonal connections.
By implementing these recommendations, the team can overcome the challenges posed by the geographical distance and improve their effectiveness in achieving their objectives.
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What is the Return on Equity for Tesla and Ford in 2021?
What is the Price-Earning Ratio for Tesla and Ford in 2021?
What is the debt to equity for Tesla and Ford in 2021?
To obtain the Return on Equity (ROE), Price-Earning Ratio (P/E ratio), and debt to equity ratio for Tesla and Ford in 2021, I recommend referring to reliable financial sources, such as financial statements, annual reports, or reputable financial websites. These sources provide up-to-date and accurate information on company financials.
You can visit the official investor relations websites of Tesla and Ford or check financial news websites for the latest financial data. Alternatively, you can consult financial databases or consult with a financial advisor who has access to comprehensive financial information.
Please note that financial ratios may vary over time as companies release updated financial reports, so it's essential to refer to the most recent data available for an accurate analysis.
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Many years ago. Castles in the Sand incorporated issued bonds at face value at a yleld to maturity of 8.2%. Now. with 7 years left until the maturity of the bonds, the company has run into hard times and the yield to maturity on the bonds has increased to 15%. What is now the price of the bond? (Assume semiannual coupon payments.) Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. b. Suppose that investors belleve that Castles can make good on the promised coupon payments but that the company will go bankrupt when the bond matures and the ptincipal comes due. The expectation is that investors will receive only 85% of face value at maturity. If they buy the bond today, what yield to maturity do they expect to receive? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.
Calculation of the price of the bond. Calculate Present value of face value,
P =[tex]$1000/(1+0.15/2)¹⁴[/tex]
= [tex]$282.63[/tex].
Calculate present value of semiannual coupon payments,
C = $1000 × (8.2%/2)
= $41Price of the bond
= [tex]P + C × [1 - 1/(1+0.15/2)¹⁴]/(0.15/2)[/tex]
Price of the bond
= [tex]$282.63 + $41 × 8.1924[/tex]
= [tex]$618.21b.[/tex]
Calculation of the expected yield to maturity. Price of the bond
= $525.48Coupon payments
=[tex]$1000 × (8.2%/2)[/tex]
= $41Expected yield to maturity is the IRR of the follow [tex]$41[/tex]wing cash flows, [tex]-$525.48 $41 $41 $41 $41 $41 $1041[/tex]Find IRR:
IRR = 14.26%The expected yield to maturity is 14.26%.
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Examine each of the articles listed below, and then respond to these questions: What does a review of the literature do? What is its relationship to the predefined problems identified by the researcher? Read the Greenwood et al. paper. Note how the review of the literature is broken down into two subthemes, "Generations Research" and "Values Research." Note the first hypothesis that the authors pose (see the "Methodology" section): that there is a difference in terminal values among baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. How is this proposed hypothesis supported by the literature? Discuss other examples of hypotheses that are supported by the literature in the other two articles. Which of these three articles do you think contains the most valid and reliable findings? Defend your choice using specific examples. Your writing assignment in this module will conduct a similar review of the literature on your problem statement. Clearly state the problem you intend to research. Find one article that you think you can cite. Post a short summary of the article, and tell how it relates to your problem statement. List one step you will take to increase the validity and reliability of your eventual findings. Articles Greenwood, R. A., Gibson, J. W., & Murphy, E. F., Jr. (2008). An Investigation of Generational Values in the Workplace: Divergence, Convergence, and Implications for Leadership. International Leadership Journal, 1(1) 57-77. Tietje, L., Nufrio, P. M., & Kramer, R. (2008). Symposium on Action Learning: Introduction. Public Administration Quarterly, 32(2) 121-124. Netting, F. E., O’Connor, M. K., Thomas, M. L., & Yancey, G. (2005, June). Mixing and Phasing Roles Among Volunteers, Staff, and Participants in Faith-Based Programs. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 34(2) 179-205. Accessible via HeinOnline Law Journal Library.
A review of the literature is a comprehensive analysis of existing research and scholarship related to a particular topic or problem. It aims to identify key themes, gaps in knowledge, and potential avenues for further research.
The review of literature helps researchers to build a theoretical foundation and understand the current state of knowledge related to the predefined problems identified by the researcher.
In the Greenwood et al. paper, the review of literature is divided into two subthemes: Generations Research and Values Research. The authors propose a hypothesis that there is a difference in terminal values among baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y, which is supported by the literature. For example, they cite studies that indicate baby boomers prioritize achievement and financial success, while younger generations prioritize work-life balance, personal fulfillment, and autonomy.
In the Tietje et al. article, hypotheses are not explicitly stated, but the authors discuss how action learning can be used to improve organizational performance and leadership development. They cite various studies that have found positive outcomes related to implementing action learning programs in different contexts.
In the Netting et al. article, the authors propose a hypothesis that faith-based programs may experience challenges when volunteers, staff, and participants have overlapping roles. This hypothesis is supported by the literature, as they cite previous studies that have found difficulties with role boundaries and unclear expectations in similar settings.
Among these three articles, I believe the Greenwood et al. paper contains the most valid and reliable findings. This is because the authors provide a clear and focused research question, a well-structured literature review, and a robust methodology to test their hypothesis. Furthermore, they use a large sample size and multiple regression analysis to analyze their data, which adds strength to their conclusions.
My problem statement is "How does social media use affect mental health among teenagers?" One article I can cite is "Social Media Use and Adolescent Mental Health: Findings From the UK Millennium Cohort Study" by Hugues et al. (2019). This article examines the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes among adolescents in the UK. The study found that higher levels of social media use were associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and poor sleep quality.
To increase the validity and reliability of my eventual findings, I will use a mixed-methods approach to collect data from multiple sources, such as surveys and interviews. This will allow me to triangulate my results and validate my conclusions through multiple perspectives. Additionally, I will use established measures of social media use and mental health outcomes, which have been validated in previous research, to ensure the reliability of my results.
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Comparing Investment Criteria Wii Brothers, a game manufacturer, has a new idea for an adventure game. It can market the game either as a traditional board game or as an interactive DVD, but not both. Consider the following cash flows of the two mutually exclusive projects for the compan Assume the discount rate for both projects is 10 percent a. Based on the payback period rule, which project should be chosen? b. Based on the NPV, which project should be chosen? c. Based on the IRR, which project should be choser d. Based on the incremental IRR, which project should be chosen?
The incremental IRR between the Board Game Project and the Interactive DVD Project is 14.95 percent. Based on the Incremental IRR, the Interactive DVD Project should be chosen because its IRR is greater than the Incremental IRR, indicating that it will generate a higher NPV.
Payback period rule:It is a method that evaluates the number of periods required for the cash inflows to equal the investment in the project. For the project to be accepted, the payback period must be less than or equal to a predetermined length of time.
It disregards the cash flows beyond the payback period.The payback period for the Board Game Project is: Payback Period = 4 + $700,000 ÷ $1,200,000 = 4.6 yearsThe payback period for the Interactive DVD Project is: Payback Period = 3 + $900,000 ÷ $1,500,000 = 3.6 years
Based on the payback period rule, the Interactive DVD Project should be chosen because it has a shorter payback period.Net present value (NPV):NPV is the difference between the present value of the cash inflows and the present value of the cash outflows.
If the NPV is greater than zero, the project is feasible. If the NPV is negative, the project is not feasible. If the NPV is zero, it indicates that the project will earn a return that is equivalent to the required rate of return.
The NPV for the Board Game Project is:NPV = -$1,200,000 + ($200,000 ÷ 1.1) + ($250,000 ÷ 1.21) + ($500,000 ÷ 1.33) + ($500,000 ÷ 1.46)NPV = $152,743.80The NPV for the Interactive DVD Project is:NPV = -$1,500,000 + ($600,000 ÷ 1.1) + ($700,000 ÷ 1.21) + ($800,000 ÷ 1.33)NPV = $293,958.45Based on the NPV, the Interactive DVD Project should be chosen because it has a higher NPV.Internal rate of return (IRR):The IRR is the rate that results in the NPV being zero. If the IRR is greater than the required rate of return, the project is feasible. If the IRR is less than the required rate of return, the project is not feasible.
The IRR for the Board Game Project is:IRR = 11.56%The IRR for the Interactive DVD Project is:IRR = 15.26%Based on the IRR, the Interactive DVD Project should be chosen because it has a higher IRR.Incremental IRR:The Incremental IRR is the rate at which the two projects have the same NPV. The Incremental IRR indicates the rate at which the company is indifferent between the two mutually exclusive projects.The incremental IRR between the Board Game Project and the Interactive DVD Project is 14.95 percent.
Based on the Incremental IRR, the Interactive DVD Project should be chosen because its IRR is greater than the Incremental IRR, indicating that it will generate a higher NPV.
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If demand shifts outward in a perfectly competitive decreasing cost industry operating in the long-run then, as we adjust to the new long-run equilibrium, we would expect the price to a) rise as as quantity falls O b) rise as quantity rises c) fall as quantity falls d) fall as quantity rises O e) rise but the change in quantity will be ambiguous
In a perfectly competitive decreasing cost industry operating in the long-run, if demand shifts outward then as we adjust to the new long-run equilibrium, we would expect the price to fall as quantity rises (option d).
In a perfectly competitive decreasing cost industry, the cost of production per unit of output decreases as the number of units produced increases. This is because the firm gains experience and becomes more efficient with every unit of output they produce.What is long-run equilibrium?Long-run equilibrium is the state of equilibrium that exists when supply and demand have adjusted fully to all market shocks, including changes in consumer preferences, technology, input prices, and government policies. In this state, all firms in the market earn only normal profits.
Normal profit is the minimum amount of profit that a firm requires to remain in business.How does the change in demand affect long-run equilibrium?If demand shifts outward in a perfectly competitive decreasing cost industry operating in the long-run, then it will lead to an increase in the equilibrium price and quantity in the short run. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in the number of firms entering the market. As the number of firms increases, the industry supply curve will shift to the right, causing the equilibrium price to fall, and the equilibrium quantity to rise in the long run. The correct option is d.
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