Altru is a company that provides outside sales for other firms' products and services. Most Altru employees earn only commission- based pay. Makalya, the Altru HR manager, decides to makes sales performance and commission earnings the key performance indicator. Makalya also developed an ability test to determine applicants' potential as salespeople. Makayla is creating internal fit of Altru's HR practices. True or False True False

The best explanation for the observed behavior is seasonality, as deseasonalized data does not account for seasonal patterns. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

The apparent seasonal behavior observed in the deseasonalized data is best attributed to seasonality. Seasonality refers to regular and predictable fluctuations that occur within a specific time period, such as daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly patterns. These patterns can be influenced by various factors, including weather, holidays, cultural events, and consumer behavior. By mistakenly using deseasonalized data, the researcher might have removed the seasonal component, leading to the observation of underlying seasonality in the data.

Random noise (A) refers to unpredictable and irregular variations that do not follow any specific pattern. The business cycle (B) refers to the fluctuations in economic activity over a period of time, typically characterized by expansion, peak, contraction, and trough phases. Trend (D) represents the long-term direction of data, indicating a consistent increase or decrease. In this case, the best explanation for the observed behavior is seasonality, as deseasonalized data does not account for seasonal patterns. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

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The following expenses were incurred by a merchandising business during the year. In which expense section of the income statement should each be reported: selling, administrative, or other.

The expenses incurred by a merchandising business during the year are categorized into three categories: selling expenses, administrative expenses, and other expenses. The expenses would be categorized as follows:Selling expenses: All costs incurred to sell merchandise to customers are classified as selling expenses. The selling expenses are part of the cost of goods sold. Sales commissions, shipping costs, advertising costs, and rent for a sales area are examples of selling expenses.Administrative expenses: All expenses associated with the management of the business are classified as administrative expenses. Salary, rent, utilities, and office supplies are examples of administrative expenses.Other expenses: These are the expenses that are not covered under selling or administrative expenses. Interest expenses and income tax expenses are examples of other expenses.

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Gamegirl Inc. recorded sales of 56 handheld game devices to DS Unlimited on account. DS Unlimited returned six defective devices, and Gamegirl Inc. received full payment. The transactions were recorded using a perpetual inventory system.

In the given transactions, Gamegirl Inc. uses a perpetual inventory system, which means that inventory is continuously updated with every sale and purchase.

No Date General Journal Debit Credit

1 August 6 Accounts Receivable $7,280

Sales Revenue $7,280

Cost of Goods Sold $6,160

Inventory $6,160

2 August 10 Purchase Returns $780

Accounts Payable $780

3 August 14 Accounts Receivable $6,500

Cash $6,500

Cost of Goods Sold $390

Inventory $390

These journal entries capture the impact of each transaction on the relevant accounts, ensuring accurate record-keeping and financial reporting.

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The company that became International Business Machines (IBM) originally started as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and later transformed into IBM. They initially sold a range of products, including time clocks, tabulating machines, and scales.

IBM's origins trace back to the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which was formed in 1911 through the merger of three smaller companies: the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company. These companies produced and sold various mechanical devices used for recording and tabulating data, such as employee time clocks, tabulating machines for data processing, and scales for weighing goods.

Over the years, as the company evolved and expanded its operations, it underwent a name change in 1924, becoming the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). With the transition to IBM, the company continued to develop and sell a wide range of products and services related to data processing, including punch card systems, mainframe computers, personal computers, software, and various technological solutions for businesses and organizations. Today, IBM is a multinational technology company with a diverse portfolio of products and services, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence, data analytics, cybersecurity, and enterprise software solutions.

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In leading change, the emotional approach is very effective in inspiring people to take positive actions. It is a technique that involves engaging people’s emotions to make them feel connected to the change process.

It can be used to build trust, create a sense of community, and increase the willingness of people to take ownership of the change process.Reflecting on a past situation where I used an emotional approach to leading change, I can recall a time when I was leading a team tasked with redesigning our office to make it more environmentally friendly. Initially, I used a rational approach to convince the team that this was the right thing to do.

I explained the benefits of an eco-friendly office, the cost savings, and the environmental benefits. However, I noticed that the team was not as enthusiastic about the project as I had hoped. It was then that I decided to change my approach and focus on the emotional aspect of the project.

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You need to deposit approximately $1,841.35 at the end of each year for 12 years in order to accumulate $57,000, assuming an interest rate of 9 percent compounded annually.

To accumulate $57,000 in 12 years, we need to calculate the equal annual deposits required that will earn 9 percent interest compounded annually.

Let's denote the equal annual deposit amount as P. Since the interest is compounded annually, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula:

FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r,

where FV is the desired future value ($57,000), r is the interest rate per period (9% or 0.09), and n is the number of periods (12 years).

Substituting the given values into the formula:

$57,000 = P * [(1 + 0.09)^12 - 1] / 0.09.

Simplifying the equation:

$57,000 = P * [1.09^12 - 1] / 0.09.

Now, let's solve for P:

$57,000 * 0.09 = P * [1.09^12 - 1],

$5,130 = P * [1.09^12 - 1].

Next, we calculate 1.09^12 - 1:

1.09^12 - 1 ≈ 2.784.

Substituting this value back into the equation:

$5,130 = P * 2.784.

Finally, we solve for P:

P = $5,130 / 2.784.

P ≈ $1,841.35.

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Foreign investment is the investment of capital from a nation's residents into the foreign nation's economy, in this case, Malaysia. Suppose that an auto company wholly owned by German citizens opens a new factory in Johor.

This investment would be a form of foreign direct investment (FDI), which refers to the acquisition of assets or ownership of production facilities in a foreign country that is aimed at earning income and obtaining operational control over the foreign asset.

The investment would have a significant impact on Malaysia's gross domestic product (GDP), as it would increase economic activity in the region. Malaysia's GDP would be positively impacted as a result of the auto company's investment.

The net contribution of the auto company to the Malaysian economy's output would be the effect of this investment on Malaysia's GDP. The effect on Malaysia's Gross National Product (GNP) would be greater than on GDP because GNP measures the value of output produced by Malaysian citizens, regardless of their location, whereas GDP only measures output produced within Malaysia's borders.

Thus, if the new factory employs foreign workers, a portion of the factory's income would be sent back to Germany, which would increase GNP but not GDP.

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In the context of professional ethics and privacy, Mark Pautler and the panopticon phenomenon raise significant issues.

Pautler, a lawyer, betrayed his client's trust, and the panopticon phenomenon contributes to surveillance in the workplace. Mark Pautler was a lawyer who breached the trust of his client by impersonating a public defender, which is a serious violation of professional ethics. The panopticon phenomenon refers to the pervasive surveillance in today's workplaces, often breaching employees' privacy rights. Van den Hoven argues for data protection to prevent such invasive practices, which can be addressed through 'Design Methods,' a strategy that integrates privacy considerations into the design of systems and practices.

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Donie, CEO of a multinational tourism and leisure company, is researching cross-country differences in demographic, cultural, and market conditions. Scotland providing low-cost loans to U.S. craft whiskey distillers seeking entry to its markets to stimulate competitive rivalry, and Intel's silicon chips being identical across the world.

A multinational tourism and leisure company needs to understand the cross-country differences in demographic, cultural, and market conditions because different markets may require different products or services, and different marketing strategies. Therefore, it is important to gather data on demographics such as age, gender, income, and other characteristics that may vary by country. Understanding cultural differences such as religion, language, and social customs is also essential in order to appeal to the local population. Furthermore, market conditions such as regulations, taxes, and competition can significantly impact a company's success in a foreign market. Given the options, McDonald's offers 100 percent beef-free products in its outlets in India is an example of a cross-country difference that Donie would not likely discover. This statement is incorrect as McDonald's has a different menu in India due to cultural and religious factors. India is predominantly Hindu and Muslims, who do not consume beef or pork. Hence, McDonald's outlets in India serve only chicken and vegetarian items and no beef or pork items. The other options in the question are not related to cross-country differences, such as Nike producing its own line of skate shoes, Keurig acquiring a large coffee farm in Costa Rica, Scotland providing low-cost loans to U.S. craft whiskey distillers seeking entry to its markets to stimulate competitive rivalry, and Intel's silicon chips being identical across the world.

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Joint profit maximization (cartel), Cournot duopoly, and Bertrand competition are the three market structures that need to be analyzed in order to determine the equilibrium price and quantity, as well as consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus.

The following are the results: Equilibrium price and quantity, Joint profit maximization (cartel), The two firms will act as a monopolist, with a price of $64 and a quantity of 8.Cournot duopoly, The two firms will each produce 4, with a price of $56. Bertrand competition, The two firms will compete by undercutting each other until they reach a price of $16, with a quantity of 16. Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus, and Total Surplus Joint profit maximization (cartel): Consumer surplus is $256, producer surplus is $256, and total surplus is $512.Cournot duopoly, Consumer surplus is $324, producer surplus is $128, and total surplus is $452.

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Studentserv should consider three factors in the organizational design: goals and objectives, resource availability, and organizational structure. Since the company aims to provide various products and services, a matrix structure fits it.

(a) Three factors that should be considered in the organizational design of Studentserv are:

Goals and objectives: The business's goals and objectives must be well-defined and achievable. The structure of an organization must align with its objectives.

Resource availability: An organization's structure must reflect its resource availability. This means that resources, including human and financial, are aligned with the structure of the organization. Organizational structure: The structure of the organization is key in determining how communication and coordination will be done between employees.

(b) The type of design that fits StudentServ since it desires to perform all the functions and provide the services and products as outlined above is a matrix structure.The matrix structure is suited for businesses with complex or multiple functions and products that need to work in conjunction to accomplish a particular goal. It creates a balance between function and product to ensure that both areas of the business are effectively catered to. In this case, StudentServ's products and services will all be catered to effectively.

(c) Yes, StudentServ should manage the operations in the different regions differently based on the contingency theory. The contingency theory is about adapting to the environment. Different regions have different cultures, values, norms, and resources available. Therefore, it's vital for StudentServ to adapt to the specific regional differences. This will enable the company to operate more effectively and efficiently. By adapting, StudentServ will build a stronger reputation and better relationships with the students it serves.

Hence it should manage operations in different regions differently, according to the contingency theory.

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The future value of investing $100 at a 10% interest rate for 100 years is approximately $1,367,201.03, while the future value at a 5% interest rate is approximately $1,083,204.02.

To calculate the future value, we use the compound interest formula: Future Value = Principal * (1 + Interest Rate)^Time. In this case, the principal is $100, the interest rates are 10% and 5% respectively, and the time is 100 years. By plugging in these values, we can determine the future value of the investment.

It's important to note that these calculations assume the interest is compounded annually and do not take into account any taxes or inflation. The higher interest rate of 10% results in a significantly higher future value compared to the 5% interest rate over the long-term investment period.

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The entry represents the liability of the interest payable at the end of the period for the all the Company's borrowings.

On May 1, The Company borrows $150,000 from West Bank by signing a 6-month, 10%, interest-bearing note. The following is the necessary entry on May 1 associated with the note payable on the books of The Company.

Note Payable Account  $150,000

West Bank Account  $150,000

This note payable is an interest-bearing note, thus the entry shows no interest amount and the $150,000 cash received by the company.

A semiannual Ananda statement is a six-month report, which is due at the end of each six months.

Here, we have to prepare the adjusting entries on June 30.

The six-month period begins on May 1 and ends on October 31.

This note payable carries a 10% interest rate. So, the total interest for the six-month period will be;

($150,000 x 10% x 6/12) = $7,500.00

Interest Expense Account  $7,500

Interest Payable Account  $7,500($150,000 x 10% x 6/12) = $7,500.00 shows the interest amount paid for the six-month period.

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The amount of money a business owes to its suppliers or vendors for products or services received but not yet paid for is referred to as accounts payable (AP) in accounting. On the balance sheet of the company, it is a liability. Option d is correct i.e. $22,312.

The given data and the formula for calculating accounts payable are: A company places orders each quarter that are 55 percent of the next quarter's sales and has a 30-day payables period.

Accounts Payable = (Cost of Goods Sold / Number of Days in Year) * Number of Days OutstandingFrom the provided data: Sales Q2 = $60,850

Accounts Payable = (Cost of Goods Sold / Number of Days in Year) * Number of Days Outstanding. From the given data, it can be concluded that there are 365 days in a year and the payment period is 30 days. Thus, the number of days outstanding is 30 days.

Accounts Payable = (55% * Sales Q3) * (30 / 365)Accounts Payable = (55% * $69,450) * (30 / 365). Accounts Payable = $22,312Therefore, the accounts payable balance at the end of the second quarter is $22,312. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

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Non-statistical sampling is appropriate when the population is heterogeneous, when the client's internal controls are poor, and when the population size is small. Therefore, the correct option is (d) all of the above

.In non-statistical sampling, the auditor does not utilize random selection methods. Instead, the auditor depends on their judgement or intuition to select items from the population. Non-statistical sampling is best used in cases where the population is heterogeneous, or the internal controls of the client are poor, or the population size is small.Non-statistical sampling is useful for the auditor as it is simple to implement and less time-consuming. It is also used when there is a limited availability of data or information from which the auditor can select samples.Non-statistical sampling involves several methods such as haphazard selection, block selection, and judgmental selection. The auditor selects the items for testing in a haphazard selection by merely selecting a sample that is easy to access or that is near. In block selection, the auditor selects specific units from the population. Finally, judgmental selection is used when the auditor uses their judgement to select items that they deem significant in relation to the assertion being tested.The use of non-statistical sampling enables auditors to use their judgement to select items that are more relevant to the assertion being tested and to focus on the high-risk areas of the population, thereby enhancing audit quality.

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Financial distress occurs when an individual or company cannot meet their financial obligations. Consequences include bankruptcy, foreclosure, garnishment, legal issues, and a poor credit score, impacting financial stability and future prospects.

Financial distress refers to a situation where an individual or a company cannot meet its financial obligations. The consequences of financial distress can be dire and include the following:Bankruptcy: Bankruptcy is one of the most significant consequences of financial distress. Bankruptcy can occur when an individual or a company has more debts than assets and cannot pay its bills. It's a legal process that allows an individual or a company to get rid of some debts or obligations and get a fresh start. It can, however, have serious consequences such as the loss of assets and creditworthiness.Foreclosure: Foreclosure is a legal process that allows a lender to take possession of a property if the borrower fails to pay their mortgage. It can result in the loss of a home, a decrease in creditworthiness, and difficulty in obtaining loans in the future.Garnishment: Garnishment is the process of deducting money from an individual's paycheck to pay off debts. It can result in reduced income and a decreased ability to pay bills.Legal issues: Financial distress can lead to legal issues such as lawsuits, judgments, and liens. These legal issues can result in the loss of assets and a decreased ability to obtain credit or loans.Poor credit score: Financial distress can lead to a poor credit score, which can make it difficult to obtain loans, credit cards, or mortgages in the future. It can also result in higher interest rates and fees.

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making the bill of sale an addendum to the sales contract is crucial to establish its enforceability, validity, compliance with legal requirements, and qualification for purchasing the property.

A bill of sale for appliances that the buyer intends to purchase should be made an addendum to the sales contract for several reasons:

1. Qualification for purchase: Making the bill of sale an addendum to the sales contract ensures that the lender, such as a mortgage provider, recognizes the buyer's qualification to purchase the property. By including the bill of sale as an addendum, the lender can assess the overall financial picture and ensure that the buyer meets the necessary requirements.

2. Compliance with the Statute of Frauds: The Statute of Frauds requires certain contracts, including agreements for the sale of goods over a certain value, to be in writing to be enforceable. By incorporating the bill of sale as an addendum to the sales contract, it becomes a written agreement, satisfying the requirement and avoiding any potential violation of the Statute of Frauds.

3. Enforceability and validity: An addendum ensures that the bill of sale is a formal and integral part of the sales contract. It clarifies the terms and conditions of the appliance purchase, making them legally binding and enforceable for both parties involved. This provides protection and recourse in case of any disputes or breaches of the agreement.

Therefore, making the bill of sale an addendum to the sales contract is crucial to establish its enforceability, validity, compliance with legal requirements, and qualification for purchasing the property.

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Finance companies have some advantages over banks in the area of business lending. These advantages are listed below: Advantages:Speed: Finance companies are generally quicker than banks in loan processing.

Because of their smaller size, they have fewer bureaucratic procedures, and their lending decisions can be made faster than banks without many levels of management scrutiny.Credit Evaluation: Finance companies are highly specialized in providing loans to customers who are perceived as high-risk borrowers. Since banks are more conservative and require collateral and credit histories from applicants, they are less willing to lend to those who do not have adequate assets or a sound credit history. Finance companies provide a valuable service by accepting greater risks and offering high-risk borrowers a second chance.Disadvantages:Higher Interest Rates: Due to their willingness to take risks, finance companies charge higher interest rates. Banks, on the other hand, have a wider range of products, including savings accounts and other investment options. Since they provide more services, their profitability is less dependent on loans and interest rates. In contrast, finance companies' lending practices generate most of their income. Therefore, they must charge more interest rates to survive in the highly competitive business world.Unsecured Loans: Finance companies typically offer unsecured loans, which means the borrower is not required to provide collateral.

As a result, finance companies bear a higher risk of loss if the borrower fails to repay the loan. They must rely on a borrower's creditworthiness, income history, and references to determine whether or not to lend money. Since unsecured loans carry a higher risk of default, they charge higher interest rates than secured loans.

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The correct answer is: C. No journal entry.

A stock split is a process in which the number of shares outstanding is increased while the par value per share is decreased. In this case, the corporation decides to issue a 4-for-1 stock split, which means that for every one share of stock, shareholders will receive four shares.

A stock split does not affect the total equity of the corporation. It simply increases the number of shares outstanding and reduces the par value per share proportionally. As a result, there is no need for a journal entry to record the stock split itself.

The existing shares will be adjusted to reflect the stock split, and the par value per share will be adjusted accordingly. In this case, the corporation had 100,000 shares of $2 par value common stock before the stock split. After the stock split, there will be 400,000 shares outstanding with a par value of $0.50 per share (since the par value is decreased proportionally).

Therefore, no journal entry is required to record the stock split itself. However, if there were any additional transactions related to the stock split, such as distribution of new shares or changes in stockholders' equity accounts, appropriate journal entries would be recorded to reflect those transactions.

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The proportion of people having experienced a short unemployment spell out of the 55 people is 52/55.2.

The average unemployment spell can be calculated as follows: Average unemployment spell = (Number of weeks worked by those who were unemployed for only one week) / (Number of people unemployed for one week)Average unemployment spell = (52 x 1 week) / 52 = 1 week.

For those who were unemployed for the whole year: Average unemployment spell = (Number of weeks unemployed by those who were unemployed for the whole year) / (Number of people unemployed for the whole year)Average unemployment spell = (3 x 52 weeks) / 3 = 52 weeks3.

Share of weeks during which the unemployment spell was short = (52 x 1 week) / [(52 x 1 week) + (3 x 52 weeks)]Share of weeks during which the unemployment spell was short = 52/55 or 0.945 or 94.5%4.

The average unemployment rate in the neighborhood during 2009 can be calculated as follows: Average unemployment rate = (Number of people unemployed during the year) / (Total population)Average unemployment rate = (55/100) x 100 = 55%1. The market for low-skill workers will exhibit the greatest amount of unemployment.

2. Yes, the minimum wage has an impact on the high-skill market. It can lead to an increase in wages for high-skill workers as employers try to maintain wage differentials.

3. According to the model, setting a minimum wage can have both positive and negative impacts on the labor market. On one hand, it can improve the wages and working conditions of low-skill workers, while on the other hand, it can increase unemployment in the low-skill market. Therefore, the issue should be discussed further to determine the best policy.

4. Yes, a wage increase for high-skill workers can have an impact on the low-skill market. It can lead to an increase in wages for low-skill workers as employers try to maintain wage differentials.

However, it may also lead to increased unemployment in the low-skill market as employers may substitute high-skill workers for low-skill workers.

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1. True, 2. False, 3. True. Brief explanation of these are given below:

1. True: It is illegal for an employer to retaliate against an employee for raising a health and safety concern with the employer or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) protects employees from retaliation for exercising their rights under the Act, including reporting workplace safety concerns.

2. False: An employer is not only required to recommend relevant safety equipment but also obligated to provide and pay for it, where necessary, to ensure the safety and health of their employees. The OSHA Act places a general duty on employers to provide a safe and healthy work environment, which includes providing necessary safety equipment and enforcing its use to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses.

3. True: Employers may ask OSHA to provide a free, confidential site safety assessment. OSHA offers various voluntary programs and services to help employers improve workplace safety and health. One such program is the On-Site Consultation Program, which provides free and confidential safety and health assessments to small and medium-sized businesses. The assessments help employers identify potential hazards, improve their safety programs, and ensure compliance with OSHA standards.

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a. Number of kanban production cards is 4 and b. The cards will represent 2.3 hours' worth of demand and c. Number of kanban production cards is 3 and The cards will represent 2.5 hours' worth of demand.

Explanation:

Given:

Demand rate (D) = 700 units per hour

Lead time (T) = 8 hours

Container capacity (C) = 270 units

Safety factor (x) = 30%

a. Number of kanban production cards is . (Enter your response rounded up to the next whole number.)

The number of kanban production cards formula is as follows;

Number of kanban production cards = [(Demand during lead time + Safety stock) ÷ Container capacity]

The demand during lead time = D × T = 700 × 8 = 5600 units

Safety stock = x × D × T = 0.3 × 700 × 8 = 1680 units

Number of kanban production cards = [(5600 + 1680) ÷ 270] = 25.93, which rounds up to the next whole number is 26b. The cards will represent hours' worth of demand. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.)

The total production that the cards will represent is;

Total production = Container capacity × Number of kanban production cards = 270 × 26 = 7020 units

The cards will represent hours' worth of demand = Total production ÷ demand rate = 7020 ÷ 700 = 10.03, which rounds to one decimal place is 2.3 hours.

c. Suppose the safety factor is eliminated. The number of kanban production cards is . (Enter your response rounded up to the next whole number.) The cards will represent hours' worth of demand. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.)

The number of kanban production cards formula is as follows;

Number of kanban production cards = [Demand during lead time ÷ Container capacity]

The demand during lead time = D × T = 700 × 8 = 5600 units

Number of kanban production cards = [5600 ÷ 270] = 20.74, which rounds up to the next whole number is 21

The cards will represent hours' worth of demand = Container capacity × Number of kanban production cards ÷ Demand rate = (270 × 21) ÷ 700 = 8.14, which rounds to one decimal place is 2.5 hours.

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Opal LtdBalance Sheetas at 30 June 2021 Extract from comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss

The table below presents an extract from comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss of Opal Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2021:Opal Ltd Extract from Comparative Statements of Financial Position and Statement of Profit or Loss Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2021

Revenue $1,350,000

Cost of sales $925,000

Gross profit $425,000

Other income $15,000

Operating expenses $240,000

Profit before income tax $200,000

Income tax expense $60,000

Profit for the year $140,000

Statement of financial position as at 30 June 2021

Current assets $650,000

Non-current assets $750,000

Total assets $1,400,000

Current liabilities $330,000

Non-current liabilities $490,000

Total liabilities $820,000

Net assets $580,000

Equity $580,000

Explanation:As we can see in the given data, it shows the Balance Sheet of Opal Ltd as at 30 June 2021 and the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 2021. The extract contains a breakdown of revenues, cost of sales, gross profits, other incomes, operating expenses, and income tax expenses.

Along with this, the comparative statement of financial positions and the statement of profit or loss also indicates that the company has a total asset of $1,400,000, out of which $750,000 belongs to non-current assets, and $650,000 is of current assets.

Similarly, the total liability of the company is $820,000, with $490,000 of non-current liabilities and $330,000 of current liabilities.Further, the net assets of the company are $580,000, which also equates to its equity. The extract shows the profit for the year ended 30 June 2021, which is $140,000.

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The market will experience an oversupply of goods in case the advertising campaign of the company turns out to be highly unsuccessful. As the unsuccessful campaign would not attract enough customers, the firm would face the over-supply of goods

As a result, the firm's price will have to fall in order to attract customers. In the short run, the firm would have to reduce its price to the level where its quantity demanded is equivalent to its quantity supplied. This means that there would be a decrease in the equilibrium price and quantity from the initial equilibrium.The number of firms in the market remains the same. The initial equilibrium reflects the level of profit that each company is making from the market. However, the firm's profits will decline due to the drop in prices caused by the unsuccessful campaign. As a result, the firm's profits would reduce and the firm would not be able to recover the cost of the unsuccessful campaign. In the long run, other companies may enter the market due to low prices, and the demand for goods would eventually increase. Due to the entry of other companies, the market price will eventually fall to the new equilibrium level.

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Advocating for sustainable tourism practices (community engagement, environmental conservation, cultural preservation) promotes responsible tourism and long-term benefits in the selected country.

Three best practices of sustainable tourism used worldwide are:

1. Community Engagement: Involving local communities in tourism planning and development empowers them to participate in decision-making processes, benefit from tourism, and preserve their cultural heritage. This fosters social inclusivity, economic opportunities, and a sense of ownership among local residents.

2. Environmental Conservation: Implementing sustainable practices to minimize environmental impacts is crucial for preserving natural resources, biodiversity, and ecosystems. This includes promoting responsible waste management, energy efficiency, water conservation, and the protection of fragile ecosystems and wildlife.

3. Cultural Preservation: Respecting and preserving the cultural authenticity and heritage of a destination is essential. Encouraging visitors to engage with local traditions, customs, and arts while supporting local artisans and cultural events helps sustain cultural identity and traditions.

Advocating for the inclusion of these practices in the selected country would be beneficial as it would promote responsible and sustainable tourism.

By engaging local communities, it ensures their active participation and fair distribution of benefits. Environmental conservation safeguards the country's natural beauty and resources, which are often key attractions for tourists. Cultural preservation maintains the authenticity and uniqueness of the country, enhancing the visitor experience and supporting local livelihoods.

Promoting these practices aligns with the principles of sustainability, ensuring the long-term viability of tourism and fostering positive socio-economic impacts within the SID country.


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True. Traditional styles of leadership are indeed changing with the introduction of new practices and exercises in the field.

The field of leadership has been evolving as new research, insights, and trends emerge. Traditional styles of leadership, which often focused on hierarchical structures, command and control, and top-down decision-making, are being challenged and replaced with more modern and effective approaches. These new practices emphasize collaboration, empowerment, inclusivity, and adaptability.

Leaders are now encouraged to foster a supportive and inclusive work environment, promote employee engagement and development, and embrace change and innovation. These shifts in leadership practices are driven by the changing needs and expectations of the workforce, the recognition of the value of diverse perspectives, and the increasing complexity and dynamism of the business landscape.

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To determine the total budget cost for the project, we need more specific information regarding the costs associated with each task and the resources required.

The given information provides an overview of the project activities but does not provide cost details. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the total budgeted cost accurately.

To accurately determine the total budgeted cost, the project manager or the budgeting team needs to break down the project activities into individual tasks and estimate the associated costs for each task. This can be done by considering factors such as labor hours required, travel distances and expenses, printing and distribution costs, and any other relevant cost elements.

Once the specific costs for each task have been estimated, they can be aggregated to calculate the total budgeted cost for the project. It is essential to conduct a thorough analysis and consider any potential contingencies or unexpected costs that may arise during the project implementation.

Without specific cost information, it is not possible to provide an accurate calculation of the total budgeted cost for the project described in the given case.

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Common Stock (No-Par Value)  $15,000  Debit                                       Promoters' Contribution        $15,000  Credit

The journal entry to record the issuance of 5,000 stocks of NO-PAR value common stock to the promoters would involve debiting the Common Stock (No-Par Value) account and crediting the Promoters' Contribution account for the corresponding amounts.

- Common Stock (No-Par Value): This account represents the equity component of the company and reflects the value of the common stock issued. It is debited to increase the balance and record the issuance of the stocks.

- Promoters' Contribution: This account represents the value received from the promoters in exchange for their efforts. It is credited to record the contribution made by the promoters in the form of services, which is equivalent to the estimated value of $15,000.

By recording this journal entry, the company recognizes the issuance of common stock to the promoters and properly reflects the value contributed by them.

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To calculate the target cost per unit, we need to subtract the desired profit from the projected sales and then divide the result by the number of units.

Projected sales: $300,000

Desired profit: $36,000

Number of units: 75,000

Total cost = Projected sales - Desired profit

Total cost = $300,000 - $36,000

Total cost = $264,000

Target cost per unit = Total cost / Number of units

Target cost per unit = $264,000 / 75,000

Target cost per unit = $3.52

Therefore, the target cost per unit is $3.52.

The correct answer is option b. $3.52.

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To calculate the target cost per unit, we need to subtract the desired profit from the projected sales and then divide the result by the number of units.

Projected sales: $300,000

Desired profit: $36,000

Number of units: 75,000

Total cost = Projected sales - Desired profit

Total cost = $300,000 - $36,000

Total cost = $264,000

Target cost per unit = Total cost / Number of units

Target cost per unit = $264,000 / 75,000

Target cost per unit = $3.52

Therefore, the target cost per unit is $3.52.

The correct answer is option b. $3.52.

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According to the Ricardian theory, Beth has an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage in apples, so Beth should specialize in the production of apples and exchange them for Maria’s potatoes is true.

What is Ricardian theory?

The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage is an economic theory that explains the possibility of economic benefits for all parties involved in international trade as a result of the comparative advantages that are evident in different regions. According to this theory, the country that produces a certain product at a lower opportunity cost than the other country has a comparative advantage in the production of that product.

What is the law of absolute advantage?

The law of absolute advantage states that an economy will benefit if it depends in the production of that commodity in which it has absolute advantage in production. If each country expertised in the production of a certain commodity and then trades that commodity with other countries, there will be mutual benefits.

Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that according to the Ricardian theory, Beth has an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage in apples, so Beth should specialize in the production of apples and exchange them for Maria’s potatoes.

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