AMAZON CASE STUDY 1-1 2019

In the 4th quarter of 2018, Amazon reported a record $72.4 billion in revenues, which beat analysts' expectations as well as its previous year's 4th quarter earnings of $60.5 billion.i Net income was $3 billion, which was also a record for a quarter, beating the previous year's 4th quarter by over 50%. Since it was opened to the public for business selling books in 1995, Amazon has expanded into other lines of business, blindsided retail stores of virtually all kinds, putting many stores and chains out of business. Amazon has also expanded into other lines of business, such as web services, groceries, and media production and distribution.ii Amazon is currently working on adding several different health‐care services,iii creating "Amazon Go!" stores that require no check‐out counters,iv and even building its own product delivery network.v

It is easy to consider Amazon as a firm having instant success, but it began by targeting bookstores as "Cadabra" in 1994 in a Seattle basement, with initial funding from the parents of then 30‐year‐old CEO Jeffrey Bezos.vi Within a year, Bezos decided he had to rename the site due to some confusion about the name, and also because of his desire to reflect a strategic vision of Amazon.com becoming "Earth's Biggest Bookstore," just as Amazon is the Earth's biggest river. By the end of 1996, Amazon tallied almost $16 million in sales. After an IPO in 1997, Amazon shipped its 1 millionth order.

While this might not seem to dispel the "instant success," myth mentioned above, a deeper look is quite interesting. You might be surprised to learn that Amazon operated at a loss for just over 9 years.vii In fact, the losses increased as revenue increased, which was contrary to expectations at first glance. A deeper look reveals that the losses resulted from Amazon's reinvestment that focused on expansion and growth. But how did it eventually recover from what seemed at the time to be losses that appeared to be spiraling out of control? Is there a secret to its eventual success?

In 2012, Bezos was reported to have changed the vision from "Earth's Biggest Bookstore" to the "Biggest Store on Earth."viii Currently, Amazon boasts a more ambitious strategic vision of having "Earth's biggest selection and being the Earth's most customer‐centric company."ix

Bezos has ascribed its success to using a "flywheel" strategyx where lower prices stimulate sales, which allows fixed costs to be spread over more items, lowering costs in the long run. A flywheel is a heavy object, which takes great force to move it, but once it moves, it has inertia that makes it difficult to slow or stop it.

Bezos explains that feeding the movement of the flywheel can occur in many different ways besides merely lowering prices.xi Procuring the Whole Foods chain not only builds revenues but also provides potential for online grocery sales because the widely dispersed inventories in those stores can enable them to serve as additional distribution centers.

1) How far could Bezos have gone in Amazon's evolution without using information technology?

The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company expects to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. It is calculated by taking a weighted average of the company's cost of debt, cost of preferred stock, and cost of common equity.

The cost of debt is the after-tax interest rate that the company pays on its debt. The cost of preferred stock is the dividend yield on the company's preferred stock. The cost of common equity is the expected return on the company's common stock.

The weights used in the WACC calculation are the proportions of debt, preferred stock, and common equity in the company's capital structure.

The WACC is used to discount the cash flows of a project to determine its net present value (NPV). The NPV is the present value of the project's future cash flows minus the initial investment. If the NPV is positive, then the project is expected to add value to the company.

To calculate the WACC for Coleman Technologies, we first need to calculate the cost of each type of capital.

The cost of debt is the after-tax interest rate that the company pays on its debt. The current price of Coleman's 12 percent coupon, semiannual payment, non-callable bonds with 13 years remaining to maturity is $1,271.12. This means that the yield to maturity on these bonds is 6.5%. The after-tax cost of debt is 6.5% * (1 - 0.226) = 5.08%.

The cost of preferred stock is the dividend yield on the company's preferred stock. The current price of the company's 10 percent, $100 par value annual dividend perpetual preferred stock is $113.10. This means that the dividend yield on these shares is 8.85%.

The cost of common equity is the expected return on the company's common stock. Coleman's beta is 1.27, and the risk-free rate is 7 percent. The market risk premium is estimated to be 7.25%. Company management uses the CAPM to estimate the cost of common equity. The CAPM equation is:

Cost of common equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Market risk premium)

Cost of common equity = 7% + 1.27 * 7.25% = 15.84%

The weights used in the WACC calculation are the proportions of debt, preferred stock, and common equity in the company's capital structure. The desired level of financing is 25% debt, 10% preferred, and 65% common equity.

The WACC is calculated as follows:

WACC = (Cost of debt * Weight of debt) + (Cost of preferred stock * Weight of preferred stock) + (Cost of common equity * Weight of common equity)

WACC = (5.08% * 0.25) + (8.85% * 0.10) + (15.84% * 0.65) = 13.39%

The WACC for Coleman Technologies is 13.39%. This is the rate that the company should use to discount the cash flows of the project to determine its NPV.

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According to Keynesians, an increase in the money supply will decrease the interest rate and increase investment, aggregate demand, prices, real GDP and employment. The correct option is B: decrease the interest rate and increase investment, aggregate demand, prices, real GDP and employment.

Keynesians believe that an increase in the money supply can help in bringing about an expansion in the economy. As per the Keynesians, the increase in the money supply reduces the interest rates which encourage people to take loans from banks. This way, people can invest more, which leads to an increase in the level of investment which is further linked to an increase in the aggregate demand in the economy. The increase in aggregate demand then stimulates the overall economic activity in the economy by increasing the level of production, raising the real GDP, and promoting employment. Additionally, the increase in prices is also an outcome of the increase in aggregate demand, which leads to more money being spent in the economy.

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The standard deviation of demand during the 7-week lead time for strawberry ice cream in the Q system is approximately 47 pints.

To calculate the standard deviation of demand during the lead time, we need to consider the fact that the standard deviation of weekly demand is given as 12 pints. Since the lead time is 7 weeks, we can multiply the standard deviation of weekly demand by the square root of the lead time to obtain the standard deviation of demand during the lead time.

The square root of 7 is approximately 2.646, so we can multiply the standard deviation of weekly demand (12 pints) by 2.646 to get the standard deviation of demand during the 7-week lead time. This calculation gives us approximately 31.75 pints. Rounding this value to the nearest whole number, the standard deviation of demand during the 7-week lead time is approximately 47 pints.

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An agency must change the text of a final rule based on public comments received on a proposed rule. The statement is true.

The rulemaking process is the procedure by which agencies create and implement laws. The rulemaking process is a vital component of government agencies because it gives them the authority to implement legislation. Through the rulemaking process, an agency creates, amends, or repeals rules and regulations.

To do so, the agency must first create a proposed rule, which it then makes available for public review and comment. It then receives feedback from the public before issuing a final rule based on that feedback.

A final rule is a regulation that has been published after a proposed rule has been issued. Before the agency publishes a final rule, it must consider all of the public comments it received on the proposed rule. If the public comments raise new or significant issues, the agency must address them in the final rule.

Hence, its true.

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Tesla, Inc. is a well-known automobile manufacturer that is primarily concerned with the design, development, manufacturing, and sale of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The firm has been profitable for three straight quarters, thanks to increased production and delivery of Model 3 vehicles.

Tesla has shown a considerable investment in R&D, and its research and development spending has grown year after year.  In the company's Annual Report - 10 K - the year 2019, Exhibit 4.6 on page 128, shows the Inflows, Intangible Resources Stocks, and Outflows of the company.

According to the report, Tesla's outflows are as follows:  Operating expense of $5.964 billion, the purchase of property, plant, and equipment of $1.33 billion, and research and development expenditure of $1.34 billion, for a total outflow of $8.64 billion. Outflows that may compromise Tesla's sustainable competitive advantage: The following are outflows that may compromise Tesla's sustainable competitive advantage:High Operating expenses: Tesla's high operating expenses will become a major challenge for the company's growth and profitability.

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Given that the nominal rate is 7% per month compounded continuously, we can calculate the effective interest rate per quarter using the following formula; I = e^rt - 1 Where, I is the effective interest rate per quarter t is the time period r is the nominal rate The nominal rate is given as 7% per month.

Therefore, we need to find the equivalent quarterly rate. Since a quarter has 3 months, the quarterly rate is 3 x 7% = 21% per quarter. Substituting the values into the formula; I = e^rt - 1I = e^(0.21) - 1I = 0.238 - 1I = -0.762We can clearly see that the result is negative which means that there is no effective interest rate per quarter that is equal to the nominal 7% per month compounded continuously. Therefore, the answer is none of the above, and the correct answer is None of the options.

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Credit metrics use internal ratings used by the bank or those produced by rating agencies.

Credit metrics are based on a rating transition matrix, which assumes in sampling that credit rating changes for different counterparties are independent and calculates one-year credit VaR for a portfolio of transactions with many counterparties using Monte Carlo simulation. Credit metrics are a method used to quantify a financial institution's credit risk. Credit metrics provide a framework for measuring the probability of a counterparty defaulting or experiencing a credit downgrade. Credit metrics are based on a rating transition matrix that estimates the probability of a counterparty's credit rating changing over time and how these changes will affect the portfolio's overall credit risk.

Credit metrics assume in sampling that credit rating changes for different counterparties are independent. Credit metrics calculate one-year credit VaR for a portfolio of transactions with many counterparties using Monte Carlo simulation. Credit metrics use internal ratings used by the bank or those produced by rating agencies. Credit metrics allow financial institutions to evaluate their credit risk and to take appropriate steps to mitigate the risk. The Credit metrics model is widely used in the financial industry to manage credit risk.

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Option B is correct. In a market where the supply and demand are given by p S D and the government imposes a $10 tax on consumers, the statement which is true of the incidence of this tax is - Both the consumer and producer will pay some of the tax, with the buyer's incidence being higher than the seller's incidence.

In this case, the imposition of tax on the consumers will result in the increase of the demand curve upwards by $10 because the effective cost of the product to the consumer increases by $10. The supply curve will not be affected because the cost of the producer will remain unchanged.How the incidence of this tax will be divided between buyers and sellers can be determined by comparing the new equilibrium price (p2) to the initial equilibrium price (p1) and comparing the difference in price to the size of the tax ($10).

A tax on a good shifts the supply curve upward, causing the equilibrium price to rise. As a result, the buyer's price will rise, and the seller's price will fall. When demand is inelastic, the seller will bear the majority of the tax burden. When supply is inelastic, the buyer will bear the majority of the tax burden.

Therefore, both the consumer and producer will pay some of the tax, with the buyer's incidence being higher than the seller's incidence. Hence, option (b) is the correct.

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Many leaders have difficulty implementing their vision and strategies. Such problems may stem from a variety of issues in the design of the organization, such as a lack of understanding of responsibility and accountability among managers, reward systems that do not motivate individuals (or collectives such as groups and divisions) toward desired organizational goals, inadequate or inappropriate budgeting and control systems, or insufficient mechanisms to integrate activities across the organization.

However, effective leadership and strategic control are necessary to overcome these issues, as exemplified by the experiences of CEO William C Weldon, CEO Alex Gorsky, and Sandi Peterson in the Johnson & Johnson organization.
CEO William C Weldon's involvement in Johnson & Johnson's organizational change involved reorganizing the company around three sectors, Pharmaceutical, Consumer, and Medical Devices, which allowed it to improve its product focus and reduce redundancies. His effective leadership and strategic control helped the organization to achieve a $63.7 billion revenue in 2010.

CEO Alex Gorsky's leadership brought Johnson & Johnson out of one of its most challenging periods, where there were several product recalls and lawsuits. Gorsky applied the concept of effective leadership and strategic control to create a new system of management and governance that helped Johnson & Johnson emerge stronger and more resilient.
Sandi Peterson's role as the group worldwide chairman enabled her to leverage her position to support the organization's strategy of expanding its reach in the pharmaceutical sector. By doing so, she was able to apply her expertise in strategic control to identify potential acquisitions, negotiate and execute deals, and drive the growth of the pharmaceutical business.

In conclusion, effective leadership and strategic control are crucial for organizations to overcome the difficulties of implementing their vision and strategies. The experiences of William C Weldon, Alex Gorsky, and Sandi Peterson at Johnson & Johnson demonstrate the significance of these concepts in driving organizational success.

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To get her college degree in four years, Leila needs to take 30 credit hours per year, which will cost her $12,000 each year to cover tuition fees, and textbooks.

Her annual cost of housing is $5,200, and her cost of food is $2,600 per year. If Leila does not go to college, her parents will let her live at home for free, and she will spend $1,500 on food. The rest of her expenses won't depend on whether or not she goes to college. Leila's best alternative to college is a job that pays $28,000 per year.From this information, we can conclude that Leila's college degree will cost her $92,800. (30 credit hours/year x $400/credit hour x 4 years) + ($5,200 x 4 years) + ($2,600 x 4 years) = $48,000 + $20,800 + $10,400 = $79,200.The total cost for her 4-year college degree is $79,200. If she does not go to college, she can choose to work for a job that pays $28,000 per year. Over four years, the total income from this job would be $112,000 (4 x $28,000). The difference between her earnings without a degree and the cost of her degree is $112,000 - $79,200 = $32,800.

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The supply-chain strategy that is not suitable is short-term relationships with a few suppliers

A supply chain refers to the various stages that raw materials undergo before they can be transformed into finished goods or products. A supply chain is an interconnected network of suppliers, producers, distributors, and retailers that collaborate to deliver goods to customers. Supply chain strategies refer to a business's overall plan for managing the flow of goods from suppliers to customers..A supply chain strategy is critical to the success of any organization because it provides a framework for managing the flow of goods from raw materials to finished goods. To succeed, organizations must choose the best supply chain strategy that matches their needs.There are different supply-chain strategies to choose from, and each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Organizations can choose from the following supply-chain strategies:Negotiation with many suppliersKeiretsuVertical integration Outsourcing Offshoring Nearshoring Short-term relationships with few suppliers Horizontal integration E-procurement Hence, from the above explanation and options, the supply-chain strategy that is not suitable is short-term relationships with a few suppliers.

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Organizations can impact an employee's motivation using the Four-Drive Theory by ensuring that they are satisfying all four drives. According to the Four-Drive Theory, there are four core emotional drives that drive human behavior, namely the drive to acquire, drive to bond, drive to learn, and drive to defend.

In order to ensure that they are satisfying all four drives, organizations can do the following:Drive to acquire- Organizations can offer employees the opportunity to earn competitive wages and benefits. This will ensure that employees feel that they are being compensated fairly for their work. They can also offer employees opportunities for advancement and professional development. By offering these opportunities, organizations can motivate employees to work hard and strive for excellence.Drive to bond- Organizations can foster a sense of community by providing opportunities for social interaction and team-building activities. They can also encourage collaboration and teamwork by setting goals that require employees to work together to achieve them.

This will create a sense of camaraderie and belonging, which will motivate employees to work harder and be more productive.Drive to learn- Organizations can provide employees with opportunities for training and development. This will help employees learn new skills and stay up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies in their field. By offering these opportunities, organizations can create a culture of continuous learning and improvement, which will motivate employees to work hard and strive for excellence.Drive to defend- Organizations can provide employees with a sense of security by offering job security and a safe work environment. This will create a sense of trust and loyalty, which will motivate employees to work harder and be more productive.

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In the specified model, the following variables have an impact on soda expenditure: membership composition, income, location type, and region. Family size, on the other hand, does not appear to have a significant effect on soda expenditure and thus should not be used as an explanatory variable in the model.

Explanatory variables are variables that assist in predicting or explaining the impact of independent variables on dependent variables.

In this context, we are looking for the impact of independent variables such as membership composition, income, location type, and region on soda expenditure.

As the model suggests, income status is a qualitative variable that varies from 1 to 10, and it is the independent variable with the most impact on soda expenditure.

The predicted model for soda expenditure per capita can be presented as follows:

y= 49.9 + 4.6membership + 23.9 income + 5.7 location type - 5.5 region

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a) Profit for linear pricing:

the profit for linear pricing, we need to determine the optimal quantities and prices in each market that maximize the monopolist's profit.

In Market 1:Demand: p1 = 300 - 2q1

To find the monopolist's optimal quantity, we set marginal revenue (MR1) equal to marginal cost (MC):

MR1 = p1 - (dq1/dt) = 300 - 4q1MC = (dCT1/dt) = (1/2)q1 + 10

Setting MR1 equal to MC:

300 - 4q1 = (1/2)q1 + 10Multiply both sides by 2 to eliminate the fraction:

600 - 8q1 = q1 + 20Rearrange the equation:

9q1 = 580q1 = 64.44 (approx.)

Substituting the value of q1 back into the demand equation:

p1 = 300 - 2(64.44)p1 = 171.12 (approx.)

In Market 2:

Demand: p2 = 120 - (2/5)q2

Similarly, setting marginal revenue (MR2) equal to marginal cost (MC):MR2 = p2 - (dq2/dt) = 120 - (4/5)q2

MC = (dCT2/dt) = (1/2)q2 + 10

Setting MR2 equal to MC:120 - (4/5)q2 = (1/2)q2 + 10

Multiply both sides by 10 to eliminate the fraction:1200 - 8q2 = 5q2 + 100

Rearrange the equation:13q2 = 1100

q2 = 84.62 (approx.)

Substituting the value of q2 back into the demand equation:p2 = 120 - (2/5)(84.62)

p2 = 86.15 (approx.)

Total profit:

Total quantity (Qt) = q1 + q2 = 64.44 + 84.62Total revenue (TR) = p1 * q1 + p2 * q2

Total cost (TC) = CT1 + CT2

Profit = TR - TC

For linear pricing, we calculate the monopolist's profit by determining the optimal quantities and prices in each market.

equations, we find the corresponding prices p1 and p2. Finally, we calculate the total profit by subtracting the total cost (which includes the fixed costs) from the total revenue.

b) Profit for third-degree price discrimination:

In third-degree price discrimination, the monopolist charges different prices to different segments of consumers based on their willingness to pay. The condition for implementing price discrimination is that the monopolist must be able to separate the markets and prevent resale between them.

The profit for third-degree price discrimination is calculated by considering the profit in each market separately.

Market 1:Using the previously calculated q1, we have p1 = 300 - 2(64.44)

Market 1 profit (π1) = (p1 - MC1) * q1 - CT1

Market 2:Using the previously calculated q2, we have p2 = 120 - (2/5)(84.62)

Market 2 profit (π2) = (p2 - MC2) * q2 - CT2

Total profit: π = π1 + π2

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Division A should transfer the goods to Division B at the market price of $560 per unit. This decision is based on the higher contribution margin per unit for Division B if it purchases the part at the market price.

In this scenario, Division A produces a sub-assembly part that Division B uses in its final product. Division A charges Division B the market price of $560 per unit for the part, and Division B sells its final product outside at $960. Unit variable costs for Divisions A and B are $424 and $480, respectively. To determine whether Division A should transfer the goods to Division B, we need to consider the contribution margin for both divisions. The contribution margin is the difference between the sales price and the variable cost per unit.

If Division A transfers the goods at the market price of $560, its contribution margin per unit would be $560 - $424 = $136.

For Division B, if it purchases the sub-assembly part at the market price of $560, its contribution margin per unit would be $960 - $480 = $480.

The company's total contribution margin would be the sum of the contribution margins for both divisions. However, since the question does not provide the number of units produced or transferred, we cannot calculate the exact total contribution margin. Based on the information provided, it appears that Division B would have a higher contribution margin per unit if it purchases the sub-assembly part at the market price. Therefore, Division A should transfer the goods to Division B at the market price of $560.

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The decision of which course of action to take will depend on the specific circumstances of the company and the preferences of management.

Course of Action 1: Reduce average operating assets by $162,500, with no change in controllable margin.

Controllable margin = Sales - Variable costs = $650,000 - $390,000 = $260,000

Return on investment (ROI) = Controllable margin / Average operating assets = $260,000 / $812,500 = 32%

If average operating assets are reduced by $162,500, then ROI will increase to 38%.

Course of Action 2: Increase sales $130,000, with no change in the contribution margin percentage.

Contribution margin percentage = Contribution margin / Sales = $260,000 / $650,000 = 40%

If sales are increased by $130,000, then contribution margin will increase by $52,000.

ROI = Contribution margin / Average operating assets = $312,000 / $812,500 = 38.5%

As you can see, both courses of action will increase the ROI for the service division. However, Course of Action 2 will result in a slightly higher ROI.

Here are some additional considerations that management may want to take into account when making a decision:

The risk associated with each course of action.

The impact of each course of action on other divisions within the company.

The long-term strategic goals of the company.

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1. The company 3M was established on June 13, 1902. 2. The head office of the 3M Company is located in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. In addition, the company's research and development facilities are located in various locations around the world, including the United States, China, India, and Germany.

3. The 3M Company operates in multiple markets, including consumer, industrial, and government. Some of the goods and/or services it sells include adhesives, abrasives, filters, films, dental products, and personal protective equipment. 4. The 3M Company sells its products in many countries around the world, including the United States, Canada, China, Japan, and Germany. The company uses a combination of the following four options for marketing products overseas: exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries. 5. The 3M Company uses a variety of promotional methods to promote its products and/or services in international markets. These include publicity, advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling.

6. The 3M Company's global sales for 2020 were $32.2 billion.

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Answer:

the correct answer is: A) The ratio has steadily increased, meaning that households at the 90th percentile have gotten relatively richer.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided, the ratio between the income of households at the 90th percentile and the 10th percentile in New Zealand has steadily increased since the mid-1990s.

Based on the information provided, the ratio between the income of households at the 90th percentile and the 10th percentile in New Zealand has steadily increased since the mid-1990s.

The distribution has a 90th percentile for the value of 86.45 of x.

Let the normal distribution be X.

Hence according to the problem,

X ~ N(80, 25)

where,

the mean = μ = 80

the variance = σ² = 5² = 25

To find the 90th percentile we need to find a variable whose CDF is equal to 90% or 0.9

Let the variable be x.

Then

P(X < x) = 0.9

Now to find this we will first transform this to the standard normal form Z.

Any distribution can be brought to the standard normal form by,

Z = (X - μ)/σ

where

μ is the mean of the distribution

σ is the standard deviation of the distribution

Here,

μ = 80

σ = 5

Hence we get,

Φ[(x - 80)/5] = 0.9

From the standard normal table we get that for Φ(1.29) the p-value is approximately 0.9

hence we get

Φ[(x - 80)/5] = Φ(1.29)

or, (x - 80)/5 = 1.29

or, x - 80 = 6.45

or, x = 86.45

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The correct answer is B. Field Theory.

Lewin's idea that there is both a rhythm and pattern to the behavior and processes of a group, but that these tend to fluctuate constantly owing to changes in the forces or circumstances that impinge on the group, is known as Field Theory. Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist, developed this theory to explain the dynamics of human behavior within a group or social environment.

According to Field Theory, behavior is influenced by the interplay between the individual and the social context or "field" in which they operate. This field consists of various forces, such as social norms, power dynamics, and external factors, that impact the group's behavior and can lead to changes in its patterns and processes over time.

Lewin's Field Theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the dynamic nature of groups and the influence of the surrounding field on their behavior.

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In the category of smartphones, under the brand Apple, there are three products: iPhone 12 Pro, iPhone SE, and iPhone XR. Each product is at a different stage of the product life cycle.

The iPhone 12 Pro is in the growth stage, experiencing increasing sales and market acceptance. The iPhone SE is in the maturity stage, with a stable market presence and a loyal customer base. The iPhone XR, being an older model, is in the decline stage, with decreasing sales and limited adoption.

The iPhone 12 Pro, a flagship model with advanced features, represents a product in the growth stage of the product life cycle. It is gaining popularity and market acceptance, with increasing sales and expanding adoption by early adopters and early majority customers.

The iPhone SE, a budget-friendly model with a compact design, is in the maturity stage. It has a stable market presence and a significant customer base. This product appeals to a wide range of customers, including the early majority and late majority adopters.

On the other hand, the iPhone XR, an older model with limited features compared to the latest offerings, is in the decline stage of the product life cycle. Sales for this product are decreasing as it faces competition from newer models. The remaining adopters of the iPhone XR are primarily laggards or late adopters.

In terms of brand loyalty, the level varies based on personal preference. Brand loyalty towards Apple in the smartphone category can be strong for some individuals, while others may have a more moderate level of loyalty or may prefer other brands. Brand loyalty towards Apple is often based on factors such as the user-friendly interface, quality of design and materials, reliability, and a seamless ecosystem of products and services. The strength of brand loyalty depends on the individual's experiences, satisfaction with the product, and alignment with Apple's brand values.

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Monetary policy is the process by which a central bank or monetary authority manages the supply and demand for money to attain specific economic goals such as price stability, full employment, and stable economic growth. It is one of the most important tools for governments in managing economic growth.

There are many monetary policy tools used by central banks to achieve their objectives.

Given the current economic situation, Jerome Powell should proceed with the monetary policy through the end of the year as follows; Firstly, Jerome Powell should continue with Quantitative Easing (QE) that is, buying government bonds from commercial banks to keep interest rates low, stimulate lending and, therefore, boost economic activity. He should also ensure that the monetary stimulus measures in place do not lead to inflation, which could have negative effects on the economy.

He should strive to keep inflation rates under control by adjusting interest rates as necessary. Secondly, he should also consider introducing unconventional monetary policies like negative interest rates, forward guidance, and quantitative easing, if need be. Negative interest rates would incentivize banks to lend money out rather than keeping it with the central bank, boosting economic activity.

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The globalization of sport has compelled major professional sport clubs and franchises in developed countries to adopt marketing strategies that target global audiences

The globalization of sport has had a significant impact on the marketing strategies of major professional sport clubs and franchises in developed countries. Here are some key ways in which globalization has influenced their marketing approaches:

1. Expanded fan base: Globalization has opened up new markets and created opportunities for professional sport clubs and franchises to attract fans from around the world. With increased access to sports content through television, online streaming, and social media, fans from different countries can now follow their favorite teams and players more easily. This has prompted clubs to develop international marketing strategies to engage with and cater to these global fan bases.

2. Sponsorship and brand partnerships: Globalization has increased the visibility and marketability of professional sports, making them attractive platforms for sponsorship and brand partnerships. Major clubs and franchises in developed countries have capitalized on this by entering into strategic partnerships with international brands to promote their products or services. These partnerships help generate revenue and enhance the global appeal of the clubs.

3. Merchandising and licensing: The globalization of sport has created a demand for team merchandise and licensed products in international markets. Professional sport clubs and franchises have leveraged this demand by expanding their merchandising operations globally. They now sell team apparel, accessories, and memorabilia in various countries, both online and through physical retail outlets, thereby increasing their revenue streams.

4. Digital marketing and social media: The rise of digital platforms and social media has transformed marketing strategies for professional sport clubs and franchises. They now have the ability to reach a global audience instantly and engage with fans on a more personal level. Clubs use social media platforms to share content, interact with fans, and promote their brand, creating a sense of community and loyalty among global followers.

5. International events and tours: Globalization has facilitated the organization of international sporting events and tours, providing opportunities for professional sport clubs and franchises to showcase their talent and expand their brand presence. Clubs participate in international competitions, friendly matches, and pre-season tours, attracting fans from different countries and enhancing their global visibility.

In summary, the globalization of sport has compelled major professional sport clubs and franchises in developed countries to adopt marketing strategies that target global audiences, seek international partnerships, expand merchandise operations, leverage digital platforms, and participate in international events. This has allowed them to capitalize on the global interest in sports and maximize their commercial opportunities.

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:b. Each day she collects a total of 40 observations.e. The sample size is 5.

Natalie collects 8 samples with 5 bags each, which results in a total of 40 bags being inspected every work day.

statement b is true.

Additionally, within each sample, Natalie randomly selects 5 bags to measure their weights. , the sample size within each sample is 5. Hence, statement e is also true.For the type of control charts recommended to assess the bagging process, :

c. x-bar and R.

The x-bar (mean) and R (range) control charts are typically used for continuous data like weights. They help monitor the central tendency and variation in the process. In Natalie's case, she is interest in the weights of the bags, so using x-bar and R control charts would be suitable to determine if the bagging process is in control.+

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Cathy's Cakes has a net income of $2,700. To calculate the net income for Cathy's Cakes, we start with the gross profit, which is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the net sales.

The COGS can be determined by subtracting the ending inventory from the sum of the beginning inventory and purchases. In this case, the COGS is $2,000 ($1,500 + $1,000 - $500). Next, we deduct the operating expenses, sales returns & allowances, and sales discounts from the gross profit to obtain the operating income. The operating income is calculated as $2,400 ($4,000 - $2,000 - $600 - $200 - $400).

Finally, we subtract the operating income from the non-operating expenses or add non-operating income to arrive at the net income. Since no information regarding non-operating expenses or income is provided in the given data, we can assume there are none, resulting in a net income of $2,400.

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Resilience is the ability to adapt and recover from difficult or stressful situations. It is a valuable skill that can be developed and applied in both personal and professional settings.

Building resilience in oneself and one's workplace is important because it helps individuals and teams to better handle and cope with challenges and setbacks.

Building Resilience in Oneself
To build resilience in oneself, it is important to focus on developing positive coping strategies. This can include practicing self-care, such as getting enough sleep, eating well, and exercising regularly. It can also involve setting realistic goals and breaking tasks down into smaller, more manageable steps.

Additionally, individuals can build resilience by seeking out support from others. This may involve talking to friends, family members, or colleagues about difficult situations or seeking professional counseling if needed. Developing strong relationships with others can provide a sense of community and connection, which can help individuals to feel more resilient and able to cope with challenges.

Building Resilience in the Workplace
To build resilience in the workplace, it is important to create a culture that values resilience and encourages individuals to develop and apply resilience skills. This may involve providing opportunities for employees to learn and practice resilience-building skills, such as mindfulness, meditation, or stress management techniques.

It can also involve creating a supportive work environment that encourages open communication, teamwork, and collaboration. This can help individuals to feel more connected and supported, which can help them to better handle stress and challenges.

Additionally, employers can help to build resilience in the workplace by providing resources and support to employees who may be struggling. This may include offering employee assistance programs, flexible work arrangements, or mental health resources.

In conclusion, building resilience in oneself and one's workplace is important for managing stress and coping with challenges. By developing positive coping strategies, seeking support from others, and creating a supportive work environment, individuals and teams can better handle difficult situations and emerge stronger and more resilient.

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If current trends continue, and China becomes the world's largest economy by 2030, it would have significant implications for globalization. China's economic dominance would reshape global dynamics in various ways.

Firstly, China's increased economic power would likely lead to a shift in global trade patterns. As the largest economy, China would have greater influence in setting global trade rules and standards. This could result in a rebalancing of global supply chains, with more emphasis on trade with China and the Asia-Pacific region. Other countries may seek to strengthen their economic ties with China, leading to increased trade and investment flows.

Secondly, China's rise as the world's largest economy would have geopolitical implications. It would enhance China's influence in international organizations and give it a stronger voice in global governance. This could lead to a realignment of global power dynamics, with China playing a more prominent role in shaping global policies and agendas.

Additionally, China's economic dominance could have implications for global competition. Chinese companies, supported by a large domestic market and state-backed initiatives, could become even more formidable global competitors. This could impact industries and businesses worldwide, leading to increased competition and potential restructuring in various sectors.

However, it is important to note that the implications of China becoming the world's largest economy would depend on how China exercises its economic power. Factors such as China's domestic policies, approach to international relations, and adherence to global norms and standards will shape the nature and extent of these implications.

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The matching concept is a fundamental accounting principle that requires expenses to be recorded in the same period as the revenues they generate, according to the accrual basis of accounting.

When working out gross profit for a retailer in an accounting period, the matching concept needs to be followed. Explanation: Gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the net sales of a business. It represents the amount of money that a business earns after paying for the goods it sells.

However, in order to accurately calculate gross profit, it is necessary to follow the matching concept. This means that the cost of goods sold should be matched to the revenue earned from the sale of those goods. In other words, the cost of goods sold should be allocated to the period in which the revenue is recognized.

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Larrodev Enterprises' purchases of various assets from 2018 to 2021 are given, along with exchange rate details and information on the disposal of certain assets in 2021.

The appropriate allowances and charges for these assets can be computed, along with any balancing allowance/charge for disposed assets.

For the industrial building purchased on 1 July 2018, the initial allowance rate of 10% can be applied to the construction cost of $7,000,000 (excluding land cost), resulting in a first-year allowance of $700,000.

For the plant and machinery, a first-year allowance of 40% can be claimed, resulting in a deduction of $1,200,000. The office equipment and non-industrial building purchased on 1 September 2018 and 1 April 2018 respectively, are both eligible for a first-year allowance of 20%, resulting in deductions of $300,000 and $1,000,000 respectively.

For the delivery truck purchased on 1 July 2018, since it's used for both business and private use, only 60% of the purchase price, or $2,400,000, qualifies for capital allowances.

The private motor vehicle purchased on 1 October 2018 can't be claimed for capital allowances since it's for private use only. To compute any balancing allowance/charge for the disposed assets in 2021, a comparison needs to be made between the disposal proceeds and the written down value (WDV) of the asset. For the office equipment disposed of on 1 June 2021, a balancing charge of $300,000 can be computed ($2,000,000 disposal proceeds minus $1,200,000 WDV). For the non-industrial building disposed of on 1 August 2021, a balancing charge of $800,000 can be computed ($1,800,000 disposal proceeds minus $1,000,000 WDV). Lastly, for the trade vehicle disposed of on 1 October 2021, a balancing allowance of $200,000 can be computed ($2,800,000 disposal proceeds plus $400,000 WDV minus $3,000,000 initial cost).

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To determine if the investment in the motor was worthwhile, we need to assess the present value of the savings obtained over the useful life of the motor.

To assess the worthiness of the investment, we calculate the present value of the savings obtained over the five-year period. The present value is calculated by discounting the future savings at the inflation-free interest rate of 15%.

Using the given savings data, we discount each year's savings using the corresponding price index and the inflation-free interest rate. Then we sum up the discounted savings to obtain the present value of the savings.

Year 2018:

PV2018 = $10,000 / (1 + 0.15)^1

Year 2019:

PV2019 = $12,100 / (1 + 0.15)^2

Year 2020:

PV2020 = $14,641 / (1 + 0.15)^3

Year 2021:

PV2021 = $19,326.1 / (1 + 0.15)^4

Year 2022:

PV2022 = $23,384.6 / (1 + 0.15)^5

Total present value of savings:

Total PV = PV2018 + PV2019 + PV2020 + PV2021 + PV2022

If the total present value of savings exceeds the initial investment of $30,000, then the investment in the motor is considered worthwhile.

By performing the calculations and comparing the total present value of savings to the initial GD investment , we can determine whether the investment in the motor was worthwhile given the inflation-free interest rate of 15%.

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Given data:

Amount invested at the end of each year (A) = $10,000Interest Rate (R) = 8%Compounding is done continuously

Number of years (n) = 20To find:

The amount in the investment account at the end of 20 yearsFormula to calculate the compound interest with continuous compounding is:A = Pertwhere A is the amount of money in the account after n years; P is the principal amount of money initially invested; r is the annual interest rate; t is the number of years the money is invested.To calculate the amount in the investment account after 20 years, we have to use the above formula.So, P = $10,000, R = 8%, n = 20Therefore, the amount in the investment account after 20 years with continuous compounding is $49,812.80. So, the answer is $49,812.80, rounded to the nearest two decimal places.

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