An experiment was carried out to find
out how the mass of potato chips
changed when they were left in sugar
solutions of different strengths. The
table of results is shown below. Would
you expect the value of X to be more or
less than 2.5g?

Answer:

atom1:1s22s22p63s23p2

The mass of the products form when baking soda decomposes is 25.00 grams

We can determine the mass of the products formed by simply observing the law of conservation matter (mass). Details below

The law of conservation of matter states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to another.

Thus, for every balanced chemical equation, total mass of reactants must equal to the total mass of the product obtained.

With the above information, we can detertmine the mass of the products obtained as follow:

2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Mass of reactant = Mass of product

Mass of NaHCO₃ = Mass of (Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂)

25.00 g = 25.00 g

Thus, the mass of the products is 25.00 g

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The (m/m%) concentration of ethanol is the solution is 5.55%.

The density of the solution is given to be 1.20 g/ml. The volume of the solution is 750 ml.

We know,

Density = mass/volume

Mass of solution = Density of solution x Volume of solution

Mass of solution = 1.2 x 750

Mass of solution = 900 grams.

The mass of solute, ethanol is 50 grams.

So, (m/m%) of ethanol is,

(m/m%) of ethanol = Mass of ethanol/mass of solution x 100

(m/m%) of ethanol = 50/900 x 100

(m/m%) of ethanol = 5.55%.

So, the (m/m%) of ethanol is 5.55%.

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Dispersion does not change the chemical identity of the solute.

The dispersed phase is solute and dispersed medium is solvent. When ink is added to the water then it is dispersed in water, therefore the chemical identity is not changed.

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The first element whose atomic number is 21 is Scandium and the second element whose atomic number is 7 is Nitrogen. Based on electronic configuration

Electronic configuration is a systematic way of distributing the electrons in their orbitals  Electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a sequence.

Electron Configurations are useful for:

Determining the valency of an element.

Predicting the properties of a group of elements (elements with similar electron configurations tend to exhibit similar properties).

Interpreting atomic spectra.

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Answer:

The chemical formula for the ionic compound is

Na3N3

The molarity of potassium acetate in a solution made by adding 50 ml of 2.00 m nitric acid with enough water to make 450.0 ml of solution is 0.22 mol/L.

A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry.

We know that, M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Here, M₁ =?

          V₁ = 450 mL

          M₂ = 2 M

          V₂ = 50 mL

M₁ × 450 = 2 × 50

M₁ = 100/450

M₁ = 0.22 mol / L

Thus, we need 0.22 mol/L of potassium acetate in a solution made by adding 50 ml of 2.00 m nitric acid with enough water to make 450.0 ml of solution.

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Heat is chosen to be positive when it enters a system and negative when it exits, represented by the symbol Q and unit Joule. The temperature difference between two bodies causes heat flow.

The amount of heat per unit of temperatures in a system that cannot be used to carry out beneficial work is known as entropy. Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability since work is produced by organized molecular motion.

All spontaneous shifts in an isolated system, according to the entropy principle, occur in the direction of growing entropy. These transformations can be seen in the dispersion of gradients or the evaporation of lots of energy into low-grade energy, which eventually turns into heat energy.

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While solids have certain shape and volume, liquids only have definite volume but not shape, gases neither have shape nor volume. The level of energy is highest in gases, medium in liquid and lowest in solids. The compression of solids is difficult, liquids are nearly incompressible, but gases can be easily compressed.

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8.7M  Is the solubility of Ca(oh)2  in water at a given Ksp of 6.5 .10-6  and molar mass of   74.09g/mol.

Solubility is defined as the amount of the substance  dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature.

Ca(OH)2   à  Ca2+  +  2OH-

Ksp = 6.5 .10-6

Molar mass= 74.09 g/mol

Ksp is solubility product constant which describes the equilibrium between a solid and its ion in solution.

          Ksp=[Ca2+] [OH2-]

      6.5 .10-6 = S. (74.09g/mol +S)

      6.5 .10-6 = S .( 74.09M)

        S = 6.5 .10-6 /74.09 M

            =  8.7 M

       So, the solubility of Ca(OH)2  is  8.7M.

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The lowest energy of a light-photon that may split a hydrogen molecule is 7*10-19J. The energy of a quantum of light is known as a photon. Light is both a wave and a particle, according to its dual nature.

The light-photon or quanta of light are other names for the light particle. The most basic molecule is a hydrogen molecule. Electrostatic forces hold together its two protons and two electrons, which are bound together. The assemblage can exist at various energies, similar to atomic hydrogen. both para- and orthohydrogen. The energy that is equal to the minimum amount of light-photon energy is equal to the bond energy of the hydrogen molecule molecule, according to the energy diagram of hydrogen as a function of atomic separation.

Light photon energy at the minimum is 7*10-19 J.

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From the periodic trends, one atom in the same group which is larger than a sulfur atom is selenium, and one which is smaller is oxygen.

From Coulomb's Law, the size of an atom decreases with an increase in the force of attraction and decreases with an increase in the forces of repulsion.

Sulfur belongs to group 6A or 16 of the periodic table.

Elements in group 6A have six electrons in their valence shells.

The valency of elements in group 6a of the period table is usually 2, 4 or 6.

Based on the periodic trends, the atomic size of elements in group 6A increases on going down the group due to an extra electron shell added to the atoms of the elements.

The other elements in group 6A are oxygen, selenium, and tellurium. etc.

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3.648 liters of volume in gas would be produced by the complete reaction of solid at STP according to the reaction as 1 mole of an ideal gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP.

The given reaction is

[tex]2 Al(s) + 6 HCl (aq)[/tex] = [tex]2AlCl[/tex]₃([tex]aq[/tex])[tex]+H[/tex]₂([tex]g[/tex])

1mole of ideal gas is 22.4L

Here we have to convert the mass of Al to moles.

We know, Number of moles = Mass/Molar mass

Mass of Al = 2.93 g

Molar mass of Al = 26.98 g

Therefore, No. of moles = 2.93 g/26.98 g = 0.108 moles

The molar ratio of Al to H₂ is 2:3

As, 2 moles of Al can produce 3 moles of H₂

Then, 0.108 moles of Al can produce

(0.108 × 3)/ 2  

= 0.163 moles of H₂

Now by applying the Ideal Gases Law to calculate the volume that is been produced throughout the reaction at STP ,

The standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure is 1 atmosphere.

1 atm × V = 0.163 mol × 0.082L.atm(mol.K)⁻¹ × 273K

Hence,

V = (0.163 mol × 0.082 L.atm(mol.K)⁻¹ × 273K) / 1atm

V = 0.013366 × 273

Therefore, the Volume is 3.648 L

In chemistry, STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure. STP is most commonly used when doing gas calculations. B. Gas Density. The standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure is 1 atmosphere. This is the freezing point of pure water at atmospheric pressure at sea level.

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A student observed a sperm cell using a microscope at magnification of x400 and sperm cell image measured 22 mm long then the actual size is = 55 μm.

A simple microscope produces an image of the object upon which the microscope is focused whereas magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger such as making a microscopic organism also visible. Ability to distinguish two objects from each other is called as resolution

As we know that, 1 mm = 1000 μm.

So, 22mm = 22000 μm

Magnification of x400 given

We can calculate, Actual size = image size / magnification.

 = 22000/400

Actual size = 55 μm

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The option A is correct , Firstly electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy via chemical energy.

The force generated by an engine powered by electricity is what propels an electric vehicle forward. These automobiles feature an original and useful design in addition to being environmentally friendly.

What is the operation of electric cars is that the electrical energy is supplied to the engine, which uses electromagnetic interactions to convert it into mechanical energy.

Energy transformations is the process of a type of energy form transforming into a new form of energy

When they enter a magnetic field, the conductive material inside them moves, and the electric current then passes through it.

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The missing component in the nuclear equation is  [tex]{{0} \atop {-1}} \right.[/tex]e.

Nuclear reactions are processes in which one or more nuclides are produced from the collisions between two atomic nuclei or one atomic nucleus and a subatomic particle. The nuclides produced from nuclear reactions are different from the reacting nuclei (commonly referred to as the parent nuclei).

In the given reaction in order to balance the reaction we can see that their mass numbers are same so the difference between them is = 0, and the difference in their atomic number is  91-90 = 1, hence the component is the [tex]\beta[/tex] particle that is formed.

This type of nuclear reaction is know as [tex]\beta[/tex]decay nuclear reactions

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The bigger the molar mass, the greater the entropy at room temperature. When looking at the state of matter of objects, entropy generally increases with increasing molecular complexity.

What is entropy ?

Entropy, a measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature not available for useful work. Work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder or randomness of a system. The concept of entropy gives us deep insight into the direction of spontaneous change in many everyday phenomena. Introduced in 1850 by German physicist Rudolf Clausius, it is the pinnacle of 19th-century physics.

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Hexane is initially employed as the eluting solvent to remove the bibenzyl. The bibenzyl will be eluted first because the nonpolar molecule is particularly soluble in hexane (a nonpolar solvent) .

A mixture in chemistry is a material comprised of two or more separate chemical elements mixed together in a certain proportion. Chemical connections that are challenging to break are created when the components interact with one another. These bonds result in the development of atoms sharing or trading electrons.

Pure components and compounds can be found in nature. A element is formed up of many elements in a predetermined ratio, as opposed to an element, which is a substance comprised of the same sort of atoms.

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The temperature of ethanol is 354 ⁰C if the standard enthalpy of vaporization is 39 kjmol⁻¹ and the standard entropy of vaporization is 110 j/k

The change in entropy is  calculated as:

ΔS = ΔH/T

Here,

ΔS is change in entropy

ΔH is the enthalpy

T is the temperature

We have,

ΔS = 110 j/k

ΔH = 39 kjmol⁻¹ = 39000 jmol⁻¹

Therefore,

T = ΔH/ΔS

T = 39000/110

Hence, the temperature of ethanol is T = 354 ⁰C

Entropy is the amount of available energy equal to the thermal energy of a system per unit temperature. Evaporative entropy is the ratio of the heat of vaporization to the heat of boiling. The standard entropy of vaporization of ethanol is +115 J/mol.K.

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The earth’s magnetic poles are in the general direction of the planet’s geographic poles. the phrase "general direction" mean  different and complete opposite way.

A bar magnet that is suspended freely will always point north-south. This is a result of the bar magnet's south pole being drawn to the Earth's magnetic north pole (geographic south).

Geographic and magnetic poles on Earth are generated by various sources, thus they are not perfectly aligned. The outer core's swirling currents of liquid iron are what generate the Earth's magnetic field.

Thus, Option D is correct.

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Answer:

how are you doing, please kindly help me with my homework

The oxygen molecule is 16 times heavier than the hydrogen molecule. So, the answer is false. The molar mass of gases decide the mass of the gases.

What is molar mass?

Molar mass is the mass of the substance divided by the number of moles of that substance. The SI unit of molar mass is Kg/mol. It is an intensive property. It is the mass of the substance in 1 mole of that substance.

The molar mass of hydrogen molecule (H2) is 2 g/mol. The molar mass of oxygen molecule (O2) is 32 g/mol. The oxygen molecule is heavier than hydrogen molecule.

Therefore the oxygen molecule has a molar mass of 32 g/mol which is 16 times more than the molar mass of hydrogen molecule which is 2 g/mol. The answer is false.

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Answer:

So the answer to the question “What is the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride in 2.0-molar hydrochloric acid?” is 73 grams per liter.

Answer:

because ethanol is polar

Explanation:

polar dissolves in polar. Ethanol has a hydroxyl(-OH) functional group in it.

Due to the presence of a bond between electronegative atom oxygen and hydrogen, the O-H bond acquires polarity.

Hence, due to the presence of polarity in O-H bond, it forms a Hydrogen bond with water which is responsible for the responsibility of ethanol in water.

The theoretical yield of H₂O in this reaction is 31.69 Kg.

The chemical equation of the reaction of NH₃ and O₂ is,

NH₃ + O₂ → NO + H₂O

Now, balancing this equation,

4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O

So, as per reaction, we can see,

NH₃ is limiting reagent, hence it will decide the extent of products,

4 moles of NH₃ reacts completely with two oxygen to form 6 moles of water.

Moles = Mass reacted/formed/molar mass.

Molar mass of NH₃ = 17.04 g/mol

Reacted mass of NH₃ = 45000 g.

Molar mass of H₂O is 18 g/mol

Now, can write,

4 x (mass of NH₃ reacted/molar mass of NH₃) = 6 x (mass of H₂O formed/molar mass of H₂O)

4 x (45000/17.04) = 6 x (Formed mass of H₂O/18)

Formed mass of H₂O = 31690.14 grams.

Formed mass of H₂O = 31.69 Kg.

So, the theoretical yield of H₂O is 31.69 Kg.

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Dilute solution is the best method to get the final volume and concentration as we need.

Dilution is "the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by simply adding more solvent to the solution, eg. water." To dilute a solution, add solvent without adding solute. Adding water to a concentrated solution to achieve the required concentration is a common way to create a solution of a specific concentration. Dilution is the technical term for this process. Dilution can also be achieved by mixing high and low concentration solutions. Stock solutions are often purchased and stored at high concentrations, requiring dilution of the solution as a laboratory procedure. Solutions must be accurately diluted to known low concentrations prior to laboratory use.

Dilution Formula

Dilution is the process of adding solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration of solutes.

molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

moles of solute = (molarity)(liters of solution)

moles of solute = MV

The initial and final conditions are expressed numerically,

M₁V₁= M₂V₂

In form of concentration equation will write as C₁V₁= C₂V₂

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All the three phases (solid, liquid, gas) of matter make up the atmosphere.

Phases are also known as state - states of matter or phases of matter. There are generally three states of matter - Solid, liquid, and gases.

             Among all three gases have the lowest density as they have the weakest intermolecular forces. If gases are put in a container, then they fill up the entire volume of the container. In gases, the molecules are constantly moving and getting replaced by other gas particles.

      In contrast to gases, the liquids have relatively higher intermolecular forces and are relatively dense and incompressible. In liquid we can determine the viscosity that is - the rate at which they flow.

      Solids are relatively dense, rigid and have highest intermolecular force unlike liquids and solid. In solids, the molecules are compactly packed, hence preventing the molecules from moving from its place.

Complete question: -

Matter can be broadly described as a solid, liquid, or gas. (There are more exotic states, including plasma, but we will ignore them for now.) In which phase of matter is the material that makes up the atmosphere? A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. All of these

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(a) The balanced chemical equation is -

     NaoH + Hcl - Nacl + H2O

(b)  For the pH before addition of NaoH, we need

pH = log [H+]

     = -log [0.5]

     =-(-0.3)

      =0.3

The pH of the solution before addition of NaoH is 0.3

(c) Mole of NaoH = 0.5 x 10 = 5molar

Mole of Hcl = 0.5 x 20 = 10mili molar

Unreacted moles of Hcl = 10 -5 = 5 moles.

          Total volume = 20 +10 = 30 ml

Molarity = 5 moles / 30ml = 0.166

      pH = -log (0.166) = 0.77

(d) Moles of NaoH = 20 X 0.5 = 10 milli molar.

Therefore, Hcl consumed = 10 milli mole.

pH of water = [H+] = 10^-7 molar.

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The percent error of Joe’s results is equal to 10.07 %

The percent error can be described as the difference between the actual value and the measured or approximate value. The percent experiment is used in scientific experiments to check the accuracy of the experimental results.

The mathematical formula of the percent error can be represented as:

Percentage error = (Measured value - Exact value)/Exact value] ×100

Given, the volume measured by Joe = 60.1 ml

The actual volume of the object = 54.6 ml

The percent error =  (60.1 - 54.6)/54.6] ×100 = 10.07 %

Therefore, the percentage error of Joe's results is 10.07 %.

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