An ice cube of volume 50 cm³ is initially at the temperature of 250K. Let's find out how much heat is required to convert this ice cube into room temperature (300 K)
Solution:
It is given that the initial temperature of the ice cube is 250K and it has to be converted to room temperature (300K).
Now, we know that to convert ice at 0°C to water at 0°C, heat is required and the quantity of heat required is given byQ = mL
where, Q = Quantity of heat required, m = Mass of ice/water and L = Latent heat of fusion of ice at 0°C.
Now, to convert ice at 0°C to water at 0°C, heat is required.
The quantity of heat required is given by:
Q1 = mL1
Where, m = mass of ice
= Volume of ice × Density of ice
= (50/1000) × 917 = 45.85g(1 cm³ of ice weighs 0.917 g)
L1 = Latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34 × 10⁵ J/kg (at 0°C)
Therefore,
Q1 = mL1 = (45.85/1000) × 3.34 × 10⁵
= 153.32 J
Now, the water formed at 0°C has to be heated to 300K (room temperature).
Heat required is given byQ2 = mCΔT
Where, m = mass of water
= 45.85 g (from above)
C = specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J/gK (at room temperature)
ΔT = Change in temperature = (300 - 0) K
= 300 K
T = Temperature of water at room temperature = 300K
Therefore, Q2 = mCΔT= 45.85 × 4.2 × 300= 57834 J
Therefore, total heat required = Q1 + Q2= 153.32 J + 57834 J= 57987.32 J
Hence, the heat required to convert the ice cube of volume 50 cm³ at a temperature of 250K to water at a temperature of 300K is 57987.32 J.
To know more about temperature visit :
https://brainly.com/question/7510619
#SPJ11
When a quantum harmonic oscillator makes a transition from the n + 1 state to the n state and emits a 418-nm photon, what is its frequency? Hint Natural frequency, w = rad/s [scientific notation e.g. 5E9 is suggested]
The frequency of the photon emitted during the transition from the (n + 1) state to the n state is approximately 7.18 x 10^14 Hz.
The frequency (f) of a photon emitted by a quantum harmonic oscillator during a transition can be calculated using the formula:
f = (E_n+1 - E_n) / h
where:
E_n+1 is the energy of the (n + 1) state
E_n is the energy of the n state
h is the Planck's constant (approximately 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s)
However, since we are given the wavelength (λ) of the photon instead of the energies, we can use the equation:
c = λ * f
where:
c is the speed of light (approximately 3.0 x 10^8 m/s)
λ is the wavelength of the photon
f is the frequency of the photon
Rearranging the equation, we have:
f = c / λ
Given:
λ = 418 nm = 418 x 10^-9 m
Substituting the values, we can calculate the frequency:
f = (3.0 x 10^8 m/s) / (418 x 10^-9 m)
f ≈ 7.18 x 10^14 Hz
Therefore, the frequency of the photon emitted during the transition from the (n + 1) state to the n state is approximately 7.18 x 10^14 Hz.
Learn more about frequency of the photon here-
brainly.com/question/32265725
#SPJ11
V-b P1 (12 pts): For the given equation of state of a gas, derive the parameters, a, b, and c in terms of the critical constants (Pc and Tc) and R. P = RT/ V-b a/TV(V-b) + c/T²V²
The parameters a, b, and c can be derived in terms of the critical constants (Pc and Tc) and the gas constant (R).
How can the parameters a, b, and c in the given gas equation of state be derived?The given equation of state for a gas, P = RT/(V-b) + a/(TV(V-b)) + c/(T²V²), involves parameters a, b, and c. These parameters can be derived in terms of the critical constants (Pc and Tc) and the gas constant (R).
To derive the parameter a, we start by considering the critical isotherm, which represents the behavior of a gas near its critical point. At the critical temperature (Tc), the gas is in a state of maximum stability. At this point, the critical pressure (Pc) can be substituted into the equation of state. By solving for a, we obtain a = (27/64) × Pc × (R × Tc)².
The parameter b represents the excluded volume of the gas molecules. It is related to the critical volume (Vc) at the critical point by the equation b = (1/8) × Vc.
The parameter c can be derived by considering the critical compressibility factor (Zc) at the critical point. The compressibility factor Z is defined as Z = PV/(RT). By substituting Zc = PcVc/(RTc) into the equation of state, we can solve for c as c = (3/8) × Pc × (R × Tc)².
In summary, the parameters a, b, and c in the given equation of state can be derived in terms of the critical constants (Pc and Tc) and the gas constant (R). The derived expressions allow for the accurate representation of gas behavior based on the critical properties of the substance.
Learn more about parameters
brainly.com/question/29911057
#SPJ11
A 2.5 cm OD tube is fitted with 5.0 cm OD annular fins spaced on 0.50 cm centers. The fins are an aluminum alloy (k = 161 W/m/K) and have a constant thickness of 0.0229 cm. The external convective heat transfer coefficient to the ambient air is 8.5 W/m2/K. For a tube wall temperature of 165 °C and an ambient temperature of 27 °C, determine the heat loss per meter length of the finned tube
The total heat loss per meter length of the finned tube is 262101.81 W/m².
From the question above, Diameter of the tube = 2.5 cm
Outer diameter of the fin = 5 cm
Spacing between the fins = 0.50 cm
Thickness of the fin = 0.0229 cm
Thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy of the fin (k) = 161 W/m/K
External convective heat transfer coefficient (h) = 8.5 W/m²/K
Wall temperature of the tube (T₁) = 165 °C
Ambient temperature (T₂) = 27 °C
We can use the formula for heat transfer rate by convection;Q = hA (T₁ - T₂)
Heat transfer rate of the tube = Q₁
Heat transfer rate of the fin = Q₂
Total heat loss per meter length = Q₁ + Q₂ Area of the tube;A = πDL
Area of the fin
A = πD² / 4 - πd² / 4
A = π [5² - 2.5²] / 4
A = 0.02787 m²
Area of one fin = A / N = 0.02787 / 0.005 = 5.57 m²
where, N = Total number of fins
Heat transfer rate of the tube;
Q₁ = hA (T₁ - T₂)Q₁ = 8.5 × π × 0.025 × 1 [165 - 27]Q₁ = 335.56 W/m²
Heat transfer rate of the fin;
Q₂ = kA₂ (T₁ - T₂) / t
Q₂ = 161 × 5.57 × (165 - 27) / 0.0229Q₂ = 261766.25 W/m²
Total heat loss per meter length of the finned tube = Q₁ + Q₂= 335.56 + 261766.25= 262101.81 W/m²
Learn more about heat transfer at
https://brainly.com/question/13718868
#SPJ11
A rectangular loop (in the page) is placed in a magnetic field (into the page), as shown below. If a= 3.2_cm, b= 5_cm, and B=0.38 _ T (not labeled in diagram), then find the flux through the loop. 11 A. 0.5529_mT D. 0.5734_m T B. 0.608_mT E. 0.5292_mT C. 0.635_mT F. 0.66_mT
Converting the units, we find that the flux through the loop is approximately 0.608 mT (millitesla).
To find the flux through the loop, we can use the formula Φ = B * A, where Φ represents the flux, B is the magnetic field strength, and A is the area of the loop.
Given values:
a = 3.2 cm = 0.032 m (converting from centimeters to meters)
b = 5 cm = 0.05 m
B = 0.38 T
To calculate the area of the loop, we can use the formula A = a * b. Substituting the given values, we have:
A = 0.032 m * 0.05 m = 0.0016 m²
Now, substituting the values of B and A into the formula Φ = B * A, we can calculate the flux:
Φ = 0.38 T * 0.0016 m² = 0.000608 T·m²
To learn more about magnetic -
brainly.com/question/29769807
#SPJ11
When a -4.3 C charge moves at speed 312 m/s into into a magnetic field it experiences a magnetic force of magnitude 4.9 N. Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field. (Give your answer in tesla but don't include the units.) The magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of a 29-turn loop of wire is 3.7 x 10-6 T. Calculate the current in the loop if the radius is 19 cm. (Give your answer in amps but don't include the units.)
-0.043 T is the magnitude of the magnetic field. 0.6 A is the current in the loop if the radius is 19 cm.
A flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, through an electrical conductor or a vacuum is known as an electric current. The net rate of electric charge flow through a surface is how it is described. Charge carriers, which can be any of a number of particle kinds depending on the conductor, are the moving particles. Electrons flowing over a wire are frequently used as charge carriers in electric circuits. They can be electrons or holes in semiconductors. Ions are the charge carriers in an electrolyte, whereas ions and electrons are the charge carriers in plasma, an ionised gas.
F = qvB
B = F / (qv)
B = 4.9 N / (-4.3 x 10⁻⁶ C)(312 m/s)
= -0.043 T
B = μ0I / (2r)
I = 2rB / μ0
I = 2(0.19 m)(3.7 x 10⁻⁶ T) / (4π x 10⁻⁷ T m/A)
= 0.6 A
To know more about current, here:
https://brainly.com/question/31657860
#SPJ4
The magnitude of the magnetic field is 3.722 x 10⁻⁴ T. The current in the loop is 2.2 A.
The magnitude of the magnetic field:
F = q × v × B × sin(θ)
where F is the magnetic force, q is the charge, v is the velocity, B is the magnetic field strength, and θ is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field.
Given:
Charge q = -4.3 C
Velocity v = 312 m/s
Magnetic force F = 4.9 N
B = F / (q × v × sin(θ))
B = 4.9 / (-4.3 × 312 × sin(θ))
B = 4.9 / (-4.3 × 312 × sin(90°))
B = -3.722 x 10⁻⁴ T
The magnitude of the magnetic field is 3.722 x 10⁻⁴ T.
The current in the loop:
B = (μ₀ × I) / (2 × R)
where B is the magnetic field, μ₀ is the permeability of free space (constant), I is current, and R is the radius of the loop.
Given:
Magnetic field B = 3.7 x 10⁻⁶ T
Radius R = 19 cm = 0.19 m
I = (B × 2 × R) / μ₀
I = (3.7 x 10⁻⁶ × 2 × 0.19 ) / μ₀
I = (3.7 x 10⁻⁶ T × 2 × 0.19 m) / (4π x 10⁻⁷ T·m/A)
I = 2.2 A
Therefore, the current in the loop is 2.2 A.
To know more about the magnetic field:
https://brainly.com/question/14848188
#SPJ4
The position of a particle moving along an x-axis is given by x = 10 + 4.3t - 0.5t 2, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. What is the acceleration of the particle when it reaches the maximum positive coordinate? (Your result must be in units of m /s 2 and include one digit after the decimal point. Maximum of 5% of error is accepted in your answer. )
The given function for the position of the particle moving along the x-axis six = 10 + 4.3t - 0.5t²Differentiating the given function once gives the velocity of the particle = dx/dt= 4.3 - t,
Differentiating the given function again gives the acceleration of the particle = dv/dt= -1 m/s² ... (2)We have to find the acceleration of the particle when it reaches the maximum positive coordinate.
To find this point, we will take the derivative of the given position function and equate it to zeroed/dt = 4.3 - t = 0 ⇒ t = 4.3 seconds Substituting the value of t in the position function = 10 + 4.3t - 0.5t²= 10 + 4.3(4.3) - 0.5(4.3)²= 25.085 thus, the acceleration of the particle when it reaches the maximum positive coordinate is given by the equation (2), which is -1 m/s².Answer: -1 m/s².
To know more about maximum visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30613605
#SPJ11
12) A 200-1b man supports all of his weight on a snowshoe with an area of 400 in. In Ibs/in? what pressure does he exert on the snow. a) 1.25 b) 0.625 c) 3.6 d) 0.5 17) The entropy of the universe or of an isolated system can only increase or remain constant. a) false b) true 19) An alpha particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (a nucleus of a helium atom). In an alpha decay of a parent nucleus, the A and Z values for the product nucleus, when compared to the parent nucleus, can be summarized as follows ("A" = atomic mass; "Z" = atomic number): a) A increases, Z decreases b) A decreases, Z decreases c) A decreases, Z increases d) A increases, Z increases
The pressure that a 200 Ib man exerts on the snow when he supports all of his weight on a snowshoe with an area of 400 in² is: 0.5 Ibs/in.
Given data: Weight of the man = 200 IbArea of the snowshoe = 400 in²To find: Pressure exerted on the snow by the man
Formula used: Pressure = Force / Area
Let the pressure exerted on the snow be 'P' and the force exerted by the man be 'F'.
Now, F = Weight of the man= 200 Ib∵ Pressure = Force / Area... ...
(i)Given, area of the snowshoe = 400 in²Substituting the values in equation (i), we get:P = (200 Ib) / (400 in²)P = 0.5 Ibs/in17)
The statement "The entropy of the universe or of an isolated system can only increase or remain constant" is True.19) The alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.
In alpha decay, the mass number of the atom is decreased by 4 units, while the atomic number decreases by 2 units. Thus, the A decreases, and Z decreases. Therefore, the correct option is (b). A decreases, Z decreases.
to know more about snowshoe here:
brainly.com/question/31981300
#SPJ11
My friend is wandering through the forest trying to find his way out escaping from the giant sleeping spider. He starts at the spider location and runs 3.0 km at 20 degrees north of east. He moves then for 6.2 km at 30 degrees east of north. Quite tired, he stops recovering for few minutes. He continues at slower pace for 13.6 km at 60 degrees north of west, then exhausted he stops. a) (2p) Clearly draw all 3 vectors describing the path to escape from the sleeping spider. In the picture, mark the initial and the final location. Mark the angles. b) (4p) Write all three vectors in their components and determine my friend's vector displacement from the spider. c) (1p) How far did my friend end up from his starting location? (Give the magnitude and direction of the displacement).
The friend ended up 14.42 km away from his starting location at a direction of 67.62° (south of east).
we have to find out the friend's displacement from his initial position, magnitude of his displacement and direction of his displacement. In order to do so, we have drawn all three vectors describing the path to escape from the sleeping spider and marked the initial and the final location along with the angles. We have then calculated the component form of all the three vectors and then added all the vectors component wise. Finally, we have calculated the magnitude and the direction of the resultant vector and obtained that the friend ended up 14.42 km away from his starting location at a direction of 67.62° (south of east).
a) The drawn vectors are attached below with the marked angles.b)First vector: 3 km at 20 degrees north of east in component form is (3 km * cos(20°), 3 km * sin(20°)).So, (3 km * cos(20°), 3 km * sin(20°)) = (2.828 km, 1.029 km).Second vector: 6.2 km at 30 degrees east of north in component form is (6.2 km * sin(30°), 6.2 km * cos(30°)).So, (6.2 km * sin(30°), 6.2 km * cos(30°)) = (3.1 km, 5.366 km).Third vector: 13.6 km at 60 degrees north of west in component form is (-13.6 km * sin(60°), 13.6 km * cos(60°)).So, (-13.6 km * sin(60°), 13.6 km * cos(60°)) = (-11.78 km, 6.8 km).Now, we need to add all the above vectors component wise. We get;Vector Displacement = (2.828 km + 3.1 km - 11.78 km, 1.029 km + 5.366 km + 6.8 km) = (-5.852 km, 13.195 km)Magnitude of the vector displacement is √[(-5.852 km)² + (13.195 km)²] = 14.42 km (rounded off to two decimal places)The direction of the displacement is tan⁻¹(13.195 km/-5.852 km) = -67.62° (rounded off to two decimal places)So, the friend ended up 14.42 km away from his starting location at a direction of 67.62° (south of east).cwe have to find out the friend's displacement from his initial position, magnitude of his displacement and direction of displacement. In order to do so, we have drawn all three vectors describing the path to escape from the sleeping spider and marked the initial and the final location along with the angles. We have then calculated the component form of all the three vectors and then added all the vectors component wise. Finally, we have calculated the magnitude and the direction of the resultant vector and obtained that the friend ended up 14.42 km away from his starting location at a direction of 67.62° (south of east).
Thus, the answer to the given question is: The friend ended up 14.42 km away from his starting location at a direction of 67.62° (south of east).
To know more about displacement visit:
brainly.com/question/11934397
#SPJ11
If a = 0.1 m, b = 0.5 m, Q = -6 nC, and q = 1.3 nC, what is the
magnitude of the electric field at point P? Give your answer in
whole number.
The magnitude of the electric-field at point P is approximately 510 N/C.
To calculate the electric field at point P, we can use Coulomb's law:
E = k * |Q| / r^2
Where:
E is the electric field,
k is Coulomb's constant (k ≈ 8.99 × 10^9 N m^2/C^2),
|Q| is the magnitude of the charge,
and r is the distance between the point charge and the point where the field is being measured.
In this case, we have two charges, Q and q, located at points A and B, respectively. The field at point P is due to the contributions from both charges. Thus, we can calculate the electric field at P by summing the contributions from each charge:
E = k * |Q| / rA^2 + k * |q| / rB^2
Given the values of a, b, Q, and q, we can substitute them into the formula and calculate the magnitude of the electric field at point P, which is approximately 510 N/C.
To learn more about electric-field , click here : https://brainly.com/question/3405913
#SPJ11
You have two sets of coils, both made from the same length of wire. The first one uses the wire to make fewer large loops, the second makes more but smaller loops. The ratio of the area enclosed by the loops is A1/A2 = 4, and both coils use circular turns to make their loops. If both coils are rotated in identical uniform magnetic fields at the same rate of rotation, what will be the approximate ratio of their induced emfs,
The ratio of the induced EMFs in the two coils will be approximately 2:1.
The induced EMF in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux passing through the coil.
Since both coils are rotated at the same rate in identical magnetic fields, the change in magnetic flux through each coil is the same.
Given that the ratio of the areas enclosed by the loops is 4:1, it implies that the ratio of the number of turns in the first coil to the second coil is also 4:1 (because the length of wire used is the same).
Therefore, the ratio of the induced EMFs in the two coils will be approximately equal to the ratio of the number of turns, which is 4:1. Simplifying this ratio gives us an approximate ratio of 2:1.
To learn more about magnetic flux
Click here brainly.com/question/1596988
#SPJ11
At a coal-burning power plant a steam turbine is operated with a power output of 518 MW . The thermal efficiency of the power plant is 32 %
At what rate is heat discarded to the environment by this power plant?
At what rate must heat be supplied to the power plant by burning coal?
For the given data , (a) the rate at which the heat is discarded to the environment by this power plant is 1103.875 MW ; (b) the rate at which heat must be supplied to the power plant by burning coal is 1621.875 MW
Given values :
Power output of steam turbine (P) = 518 MW
Thermal efficiency of power plant (ɳ) = 32 %
Rate of heat discarded to environment (Qd) = ?
Rate of heat supplied to power plant by burning coal (Qs) = ?
We know that,
Power output of steam turbine = Rate of heat supplied to power plant by burning coal – Rate of heat discarded to environmentP = Qs - Qd
32/100 = P/Qs
Qs = P × 100/32= 518 × 100/32= 1621.875 MW
So, the rate at which heat must be supplied to the power plant by burning coal is 1621.875 MW.
Now, Rate of heat discarded to environmentQd = Qs - P
= 1621.875 - 518 = 1103.875 MW
Therefore, the rate at which heat is discarded to the environment by this power plant is 1103.875 MW.
Thus, for the given data , (a) the rate at which the heat is discarded to the environment by this power plant is 1103.875 MW ; (b) the rate at which heat must be supplied to the power plant by burning coal is 1621.875 MW
To learn more about heat :
https://brainly.com/question/934320
#SPJ11
You have an infinite line of charge with a linear charge density
of 3.34 nC/m. What is the strength of the electric field strength
at a point 12 cm away?
5×105 N/C
500 N/C
250 N/C
-250 N/C
The electric field strength at a point 12 cm away from the infinite line of charge is approximately 5 × 10^5 N/C, or 500,000 N/C.
To calculate the electric field strength at a point 12 cm away from an infinite line of charge with a linear charge density of 3.34 nC/m, we can use Coulomb's law.
The formula for the electric field strength produced by an infinite line of charge is given by:
E = (λ / 2πε₀r)
where E is the electric field strength, λ is the linear charge density, ε₀ is the permittivity of free space, and r is the distance from the line of charge.
Plugging in the given values:
λ = 3.34 nC/m = 3.34 × 10^(-9) C/m
r = 12 cm = 0.12 m
ε₀ ≈ 8.85 × 10^(-12) C^2/(N·m^2)
Calculating the electric field strength:
E = (3.34 × 10^(-9) C/m) / (2π(8.85 × 10^(-12) C^2/(N·m^2))(0.12 m))
E ≈ 5 × 10^5 N/C
Therefore, the strength of the electric field at a point 12 cm away from the infinite line of charge is approximately 5 × 10^5 N/C.
To know more about electric field refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/11482745
#SPJ11
as an admirer of thomas young, you perform a double-slit experiment in his honor. you set your slits 1.17 mm apart and position your screen 3.25 m from the slits. although young had to struggle to achieve a monochromatic light beam of sufficient intensity, you simply turn on a laser with a wavelength of 649 nm . how far on the screen are the first bright fringe and the second dark fringe from the central bright fringe? express your answers in millimeters.
The first bright fringe is located approximately 0.134 mm from the central bright fringe, and the second dark fringe is located approximately 0.268 mm from the central bright fringe.
The position of the fringes in a double-slit experiment can be calculated using the formula:
y = (m * λ * L) / d
where:
- y is the distance from the central bright fringe to the fringe of interest on the screen,
- m is the order of the fringe (m = 0 for the central bright fringe),
- λ is the wavelength of the light,
- L is the distance between the slits and the screen, and
- d is the distance between the slits.
In this case, the distance between the slits (d) is given as 1.17 mm, the wavelength of the light (λ) is 649 nm, and the distance between the slits and the screen (L) is 3.25 m.
For the first bright fringe (m = 1), substituting the values into the formula gives:
y = (1 * 649 nm * 3.25 m) / 1.17 mm
≈ 0.134 mm
Therefore, the first bright fringe is located approximately 0.134 mm from the central bright fringe.
For the second dark fringe (m = 2), substituting the values into the formula gives:
y = (2 * 649 nm * 3.25 m) / 1.17 mm
≈ 0.268 mm
Therefore, the second dark fringe is located approximately 0.268 mm from the central bright fringe.
Learn more about fringes
brainly.com/question/31315270
#SPJ11
4) Mars has an atmosphere composed almost entirely of CO2 with an average temperature of -63°C. a) What is the rms speed of a molecule of carbon dioxide in Mars atmosphere? (5pts) b) Without further calculations, how would the speed of CO2 on mars compare to that of CO2 on Venus where the average temperature is 735K? (3 pt)
As the temperature of Venus is much higher than that of Mars, the rms speed of CO2 molecules on Venus will be much greater than that on Mars.
a) Root mean square speed of a molecule of carbon dioxide in Mars' atmosphere can be determined using the formula given below:
[tex]$$v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3kT}{m}}$$[/tex]
Where; T = Average temperature of Mars atmosphere = -63°C = 210K
m = mass of one molecule of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol = 0.044 kg/mol
k = Boltzmann constant
= [tex]1.38 \times 10^{23}[/tex] J/K
Putting the above values in the formula, we get;
[tex]$$v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3 x 1.38 x 10^{-23} x 210}{0.044 x 10^{-3}}}$$[/tex]
Simplifying the above expression, we get;
[tex]$$v_{rms} = 374 m/s$$[/tex]
Thus, the root mean square speed of a molecule of carbon dioxide in Mars' atmosphere is 374 m/s.
b) Without further calculations, the speed of CO2 on Mars will be much lower than that on Venus where the average temperature is 735 K.
This is because the rms speed of a molecule of carbon dioxide is directly proportional to the square root of temperature (v_{rms} ∝ √T).
As the temperature of Venus is much higher than that of Mars, the rms speed of CO2 molecules on Venus will be much greater than that on Mars.
To know more about rms speed, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32089624
#SPJ11
a). The rms speed of a molecule of carbon dioxide in Mars atmosphere is approximately 157.08 m/s.
b). Without further calculations, the speed of CO2 on Mars is less than that of CO2 on Venus where the average temperature is 735K.
Molecular weight of CO2 = 44 g/mol
Average Temperature of Mars = -63°C = 210K
Formula used: rms speed = √(3RT/M)
where,
R = Gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)
T = Temperature in Kelvin
M = Molecular weight of gasa)
The rms speed of a molecule of carbon dioxide in Mars atmosphere is given by,
rms speed = √(3RT/M)
= √(3 x 8.314 x 210 / 0.044)≈ 157.08 m/s
Therefore, the rms speed of a molecule of carbon dioxide in Mars atmosphere is approximately 157.08 m/s.
b) Without further calculations, the speed of CO2 on Mars is less than that of CO2 on Venus where the average temperature is 735K because the higher the temperature, the higher the speed of the molecules, as the temperature of Venus is higher than Mars, so it is safe to assume that CO2 molecules on Venus would have a higher speed than Mars.
Therefore, without further calculations, the speed of CO2 on Mars is less than that of CO2 on Venus where the average temperature is 735K.
To know more about molecule, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32298217
#SPJ11
Ans. V3: 1. 12. The side of a FCC cubic unit cell of a monatomic crystal is 5.6 Å. A wave is traveling along the [100] direction. The force constant between the two atoms is 1.5 x 104 dynes/cm. The Young's modulus in the [100] direction is 5 x 1011 dynes/s. The density of the crystal is 5 g/cc. Estimate the frequency of the wave at which it is most strongly reflected from the crystal. Assume that the atoms lying away from the direction of propagation of the wave do not disturb
Therefore, the estimated frequency at which the wave is most strongly reflected from the crystal is approximately 5.30 × 10¹² Hz.
To estimate the frequency at which the wave is most strongly reflected from the crystal, we can make use of the Bragg's law. According to Bragg's law, the condition for constructive interference (strong reflection) of a wave from a crystal lattice is given by:
2dsinθ = λ
Where:
d is the spacing between crystal planes,
θ is the angle of incidence,
λ is the wavelength of the wave.
For a cubic crystal with an FCC (face-centered cubic) structure, the [100] direction corresponds to the (100) crystal planes. The spacing between (100) planes, denoted as d, can be calculated using the formula:
d = a / √2
Where a is the side length of the cubic unit cell.
Given:
a = 5.6 A = 5.6 × 10⁽⁺⁸⁾ cm (since 1 A = 10⁽⁻⁸⁾ cm)
So, substituting the values, we have:
d = (5.6 × 10⁽⁻⁸⁾ cm) / √2
Now, we need to determine the angle of incidence, θ, for the wave traveling along the [100] direction. Since the wave is traveling along the [100] direction, it is perpendicular to the (100) planes. Therefore, the angle of incidence, θ, is 0 degrees.
Next, we can rearrange Bragg's law to solve for the wavelength, λ:
λ = 2dsinθ
Substituting the values, we have:
λ = 2 × (5.6 × 10⁽⁻⁸⁾ cm) / √2 × sin(0)
Since sin(0) = 0, the wavelength λ becomes indeterminate.
However, we can still calculate the frequency of the wave by using the wave equation:
v = λf
Where:
v is the velocity of the wave, which can be calculated using the formula:
v = √(Y / ρ)
Y is the Young's modulus in the [100] direction, and
ρ is the density of the crystal.
Substituting the values, we have:
v = √(5 × 10¹¹ dynes/s / 5 g/cc)
Since 1 g/cc = 1 g/cm³ = 10³ kg/m³, we can convert the density to kg/m³:
ρ = 5 g/cc × 10³ kg/m³
= 5 × 10³ kg/m³
Now we can calculate the velocity:
v = √(5 × 10¹¹ dynes/s / 5 × 10³ kg/m³)
Next, we can use the velocity and wavelength to find the frequency:
v = λf
Rearranging the equation to solve for frequency f:
f = v / λ
Substituting the values, we have:
f = (√(5 × 10¹¹ dynes/s / 5 × 10³ kg/m³)) / λ
f ≈ 5.30 × 10¹² Hz
Therefore, the estimated frequency at which the wave is most strongly reflected from the crystal is approximately 5.30 × 10¹² Hz.
To know more about frequency:
https://brainly.com/question/33256615
#SPJ4
What happens to the deflection of the galvanometer needle (due to moving the magnet) when you increase the area of the coils? ( original 50%, increase it to 70 % or 80%). Explain.
We can see that when you increase the area of the coils in a galvanometer, the deflection of the galvanometer needle will generally increase as well. This is because the increase in coil area leads to an increase in the magnetic field strength produced by the coils when a current flows through them.
What is galvanometer?A galvanometer is a device used to detect and measure small electric currents. It consists of a coil of wire wound around a movable spindle, a permanent magnet, and a pointer or needle attached to the spindle.
When an electric current passes through the coil, it creates a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, causing the spindle to rotate and the pointer to deflect.
Learn more about galvanometer on https://brainly.com/question/16553202
#SPJ4
Acar initially traveling at 79.8 mi/h, slows to rest in 6.2 s. What is the car's acceleration?
The car's acceleration is -12.903 mi/h².
The car's acceleration can be determined using the formula of acceleration given below:a = (v_f - v_i) / twhere a is acceleration, v_f is final velocity, v_i is initial velocity and t is the time interval.To find the acceleration of the car that initially traveled at 79.8 mi/h and slowed to rest in 6.2 s, let's use the given formula and substitute the values accordingly. The initial velocity (v_i) is 79.8 mi/h. The final velocity (v_f) is 0 mi/h (since it comes to rest). The time interval (t) is 6.2 s.Now, let's substitute these values in the given formula:a = (v_f - v_i) / ta = (0 - 79.8) / 6.2a = -12.903 mi/h²Therefore, the car's acceleration is -12.903 mi/h². Note that the negative sign indicates that the car is decelerating (slowing down) instead of accelerating.
Learn more about acceleration :
https://brainly.com/question/2303856
#SPJ11
A convex lens has a focal length f. An object is placed at a
position greater than 2f on the axis. The image formed is located
at
When a convex lens has a focal length of f and an object is placed at a position greater than 2f that is beyond the centre of curvature on the axis, then the image is formed between the centre of curvature and focus.
When the object is located beyond the centre of curvature of a convex lens, the image formed is real, inverted, and diminished. This means that the image is formed on the opposite side of the lens compared to the object, it is upside down, and its size is smaller than the object.
As light rays from the object pass through the lens, they refract (bend) according to the lens's shape and material properties. For a convex lens, parallel rays converge towards the principal focus after passing through the lens.
Therefore, when a convex lens has a focal length of f and an object is placed at a position greater than 2f that is beyond the centre of curvature on the axis, then the image is formed between the centre of curvature and focus.
Learn more about Convex Lens from the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/12213784
#SPJ11
Q C Review. A light spring has unstressed length 15.5cm . It is described by Hooke's law with spring constant. 4.30 N/m .One end of the horizontal spring is held on a fixed vertical axle, and the other end is attached to a puck of mass m that can move without friction over a horizontal surface. The puck is set into motion in a circle with a period of 1.30s .Evaluate x for (b) m=0.0700kg
One end of the spring is attached to a fixed vertical axle, while the other end is connected to a puck of mass m. The puck moves without friction on a horizontal surface in a circular motion with a period of 1.30 s.
The unstressed length of the light spring is 15.5 cm, and its spring constant is 4.30 N/m.
To evaluate x, we can use the formula for the period of a mass-spring system in circular motion:
T = 2π√(m/k)
Rearranging the equation, we can solve for x:
x = T²k / (4π²m)
Substituting the given values:
T = 1.30 s
k = 4.30 N/m
m = 0.0700 kg
x = (1.30 s)²(4.30 N/m) / (4π²)(0.0700 kg)
Calculate this expression to find the value of x.
to learn more about vertical axle
https://brainly.com/question/34191913
#SPJ11
Consider a crash test dummy in a moving vehicle crashing into a wall. If you increase the time of collision: You don't change the applied force. Cannot be determined from the problem. You decrease the applied force. You increase the applied force. A bullet is fired onto a wooden block on a frictionless surface. Which of the following situations would result in the wooden block moving the fastest? Cannot be determined from the problem. The bullet rips through the wooden block. The bullet bounces backwards. The bullet sticks to the wooden block.
1. Consider a crash test dummy in a moving vehicle crashing into a wall. If you increase the time of collision:
c) You decrease the applied force.
2. A bullet is fired onto a wooden block on a frictionless surface. The following situations would result in the wooden block moving the fastest is:
d) The bullet sticks to the wooden block.
1. Increasing the time of collision reduces the applied force. The force experienced by the crash test dummy during a collision is determined by the change in momentum over time. By increasing the time of collision, the change in momentum is spread out over a longer duration, resulting in a lower rate of deceleration. This lower rate of deceleration leads to a decreased applied force on the crash test dummy, potentially reducing the risk of injury.
When the collision time is increased, the vehicle takes a longer time to come to a stop, allowing for a smoother and more gradual change in momentum. This means the force applied to the crash test dummy is distributed over a longer duration, resulting in a decreased force.
Therefore, a crash test dummy in a moving vehicle crashing into a wall. If you increase the time of collision you need to decrease the applied force.
2. When the bullet sticks to the wooden block after impact, it would result in the wooden block moving the fastest. This outcome is due to the conservation of momentum. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of a system remains constant if there are no external forces acting on it. In this case, the bullet and the wooden block constitute a closed system.
When the bullet sticks to the wooden block, their masses combine to form a larger combined mass. As a result, the combined mass of the bullet and the block has a lower velocity compared to the initial velocity of the bullet. However, the momentum of the system remains conserved, so the decrease in velocity is compensated by the increase in mass.
The initial momentum of the bullet is transferred to the combined system of the bullet and the block upon sticking. Since the combined mass is larger than that of the bullet alone, the resulting velocity of the block is lower than the initial velocity of the bullet. Therefore, when the bullet sticks to the wooden block, the block moves the fastest among the given options.
To know more about time of collision here
https://brainly.com/question/14451288
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
1. Consider a crash test dummy in a moving vehicle crashing into a wall. If you increase the time of collision:
a) You don't change the applied force.
b) Cannot be determined from the problem.
c) You decrease the applied force.
d) You increase the applied force.
2. A bullet is fired onto a wooden block on a frictionless surface. Which of the following situations would result in the wooden block moving the fastest?
a) Cannot be determined from the problem.
b) The bullet rips through the wooden block.
c) The bullet bounces backwards.
d) The bullet sticks to the wooden block.
For a particular RL.C parallel circuit connected to an AC voltage source, the capacitive reactance is 13.96 S, the inductive
reactance is 24.3 S2, and the maximum voltage across the 75.9-S resistor is 14.5 V. What is the total current in the circuit?
Using the impedance triangle method, the total impedance of a parallel RL.C circuit was calculated to be 77.67 Ω. The maximum current in the circuit was calculated to be approximately 0.1865 A given the value of the maximum voltage across the resistor.
To solve this problem, we can use the impedance triangle method for a parallel RL.C circuit.
The total impedance Z of the circuit can be calculated as follows:
Z = sqrt((R-XC)^2 + XL^2)
Substituting the given values, we get:
Z = sqrt((75.9 - 13.96)^2 + 24.3^2)
Z = 77.67 Ω
The maximum current I in the circuit can be calculated using Ohm's law:
I = V_max / Z
Substituting the given values, we get:
I = 14.5 V / 77.67 Ω
I = 0.1865 A
Therefore, the total current in the parallel RL.C circuit is approximately 0.1865 A.
To know more about impedance, visit:
brainly.com/question/2263607
#SPJ11
1. A fluid flows through a pipe with cross-sectional area 0.47 m2 at a speed of 3.8 m/s. What is the volume flow rate of the fluid in the unit of m3/s?
2. What is the wavelength of a photon with energy E = 7.2 × 10−18 J. Use the unit of nm for the wavelength.
3. How much kilojoule (kJ) of heat is required to increase the temperature of a liquid from 12°C to 43°C? The mass of the liquid is 0.38 kg, and the specific heat of the liquid is 2.3 kJ/(kg °C).
4. When 9.3 g of water vapor is contained in 2.3 m3 of the air at 15°C, what is the partial pressure of this water vapor in the unit of Pa? The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol.
5. An ideal gas is held in a container with volume 0.53 m3 at temperature 146 K. What is the amount of gas molecules in the container in the unit of mol if the pressure of the gas is 8600 Pa?
1. The volume flow rate of the fluid in the pipe is 1.786 m³/s.
2. The wavelength of the photon with energy 7.2 × 10^(-18) J is approximately 27.56 nm.
3. The heat required to increase the temperature of the liquid from 12°C to 43°C is about 27.14 kJ.
4. The partial pressure of water vapor in 2.3 m³ of air at 15°C is approximately 538.48 Pa.
5. The amount of gas molecules in a 0.53 m³ container at 146 K and 8600 Pa pressure is approximately 0.0236 mol.
1. The volume flow rate of a fluid can be calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the pipe by the velocity of the fluid.
Cross-sectional area of the pipe (A) = 0.47 m^2
Speed of the fluid (v) = 3.8 m/s
Volume flow rate (Q) = A * v
Q = 0.47 m^2 * 3.8 m/s
Q = 1.786 m^3/s
Therefore, the volume flow rate of the fluid is 1.786 m^3/s.
2. The wavelength of a photon can be calculated using the equation that relates energy (E) and wavelength (λ) of a photon:
E = hc/λ
Energy of the photon (E) = 7.2 × 10^(-18) J
To convert the energy to electron volts (eV), we can use the conversion factor 1 eV = 1.6 × 10^(-19) J:
E (in eV) = 7.2 × 10^(-18) J / (1.6 × 10^(-19) J/eV)
E (in eV) = 45 eV
The energy-wavelength relationship for photons is given by the equation:
E (in eV) = 1240 eV·nm / λ (in nm)
λ (in nm) = 1240 eV·nm / E (in eV)
λ (in nm) = 1240 eV·nm / 45 eV
λ (in nm) ≈ 27.56 nm
Therefore, the wavelength of the photon is approximately 27.56 nm.
3. The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a substance can be calculated using the formula:
Mass of the liquid (m) = 0.38 kg
Specific heat of the liquid (c) = 2.3 kJ/(kg °C)
Change in temperature (ΔT) = 43°C - 12°C = 31°C
Q = m * c * ΔT
Q = 0.38 kg * 2.3 kJ/(kg °C) * 31°C
Q = 27.14 kJ
Therefore, the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of the liquid from 12°C to 43°C is approximately 27.14 kJ.
4. To calculate the partial pressure of water vapor, we can use Dalton's law of partial pressures, which states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
Mass of water vapor (m) = 9.3 g
Volume of air (V) = 2.3 m^3
Temperature (T) = 15°C = 15 + 273.15 K (converted to Kelvin)
Molar mass of water (M) = 18 g/mol
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of water vapor:
n = m / M
n = 9.3 g / 18 g/mol
Next, we can calculate the partial pressure of water vapor using the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
P = nRT / V
P = (9.3 g / 18 g/mol) * (8.314 J/(mol·K) * (15 + 273.15 K)) / 2.3 m^3
P ≈ 538.48 Pa
Therefore, the partial pressure of the water vapor in the air is approximately 538.48 Pa.
5. The ideal gas law relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas:
PV = nRT
Volume of the gas (V) = 0.53 m^3
Temperature (T) = 146 K
Pressure of the gas (P) = 8600 Pa
We can rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for the number of moles (n):
n = PV / RT
n = (8600 Pa) * (0.53 m^3) / (8.314 J/(mol·K) * 146 K)
Calculating the value of n without rounding intermediate results:
n ≈ 0.0236 mol
Therefore, the amount of gas molecules in the container is approximately 0.0236 mol.
To learn more about partial pressure: https://brainly.com/question/30114830
#SPJ11
Estimate the uncertainty in the length of a tuning fork and explain briefly how you arrived at this estimate. Explain briefly how you determined how the beat period depends on the frequency difference. Estimate the uncertainty in the beat period and explain briefly how you arrived at this estimate.
To estimate the uncertainty in the length of a tuning fork, we can consider the factors that contribute to the variation in length. Some potential sources of uncertainty include manufacturing tolerances, measurement errors, and changes in length due to temperature or other environmental factors.
Manufacturing tolerances refer to the allowable variation in dimensions during the production of the tuning fork. Measurement errors can arise from limitations in the measuring instruments used or from human error during the measurement process. Temperature changes can cause the materials of the tuning fork to expand or contract, leading to changes in length. To arrive at an estimate of the uncertainty, one approach would be to consider the known manufacturing tolerances, the precision of the measuring instrument, and any potential environmental factors that could affect the length. By combining these factors, we can estimate a reasonable range of uncertainty for the length of the tuning fork. Regarding the dependence of beat period on the frequency difference, the beat period is the time interval between consecutive beats produced when two sound waves with slightly different frequencies interfere. The beat period is inversely proportional to the frequency difference between the two waves. This relationship can be explained using the concept of constructive and destructive interference. When the two frequencies are close, constructive interference occurs periodically, resulting in beats. As the frequency difference increases, the beat period decreases, reflecting a higher rate of interference. To estimate the uncertainty in the beat period, we can consider factors such as the accuracy of the frequency measurements and any potential fluctuations in the sound waves or the medium through which they propagate. Measurement errors and variations in the experimental setup can also contribute to uncertainty. By evaluating these factors, we can estimate the uncertainty associated with the beat period measurement.
To learn more about errors , click here : https://brainly.com/question/9441330
#SPJ11
A uniform rod (length = 2.0 m) is mounted to rotate freely about a horizontal axis that is perpendicular to the rod and that passes through the rod at a point 0.50 m from one end of the rod. If the rod is released from rest in a horizontal position, what is the angular speed of the rod as it rotates
through its lowest position?
The rod has an angular speed of 2.18 rad/s as it rotates through its lowest position.
To calculate the angular speed of the rod as it rotates through its lowest position, we can use the law of conservation of energy. The potential energy that the rod has at the beginning (when it is in the horizontal position) is equal to the kinetic energy that it has when it is in its lowest position.
Let's consider that the angular speed of the rod is ω when it rotates through its lowest position.
The potential energy of the rod when it is in the horizontal position is equal to its gravitational potential energy, which can be given as:
U = mgh
where m is the mass of the rod, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the vertical height of the rod above its lowest position. In this case, h is equal to 0.5 m.
The kinetic energy of the rod when it is in its lowest position is given by:
K = (1/2)Iω²
The moment of inertia (I) of the rod refers to its rotational inertia about the axis of rotation.
Substituting the values of U and K in the law of conservation of energy:
E = U + K
mgh = (1/2)Iω²
Rearranging the equation to isolate ω, we get:
ω = √((2mgh)/I)
where √ is the square root function.
In this case, the moment of inertia of the rod about the axis of rotation can be given as:
I = (1/3)ml²
The length of the rod (l) represents the distance between its two ends.
Substituting the values of m, g, h, and l, we get:
ω = √((2gh)/l)
The length of the rod is given as 2 m, but we need to use the distance from the end of the rod to the axis of rotation, which is 0.5 m.
Therefore, l = 1.5 m.
Substituting the values of g, h, and l, we get:
ω = √((2*9.81*0.5)/1.5)
ω = 2.18 rad/s
Therefore, the rod has an angular speed of 2.18 rad/s as it rotates through its lowest position.
Learn more about angular speed at: https://brainly.com/question/25279049
#SPJ11
Question 3 1 pts A photon has a wavelength of 680nm. What is its frequency? O 2.0x10^2 Hz 6.8x10^14 Hz 2.3x10^-15 Hz 4.4x10^14 Hz Question 4 1 pts A certain photon has a wavelength of 680nm. What is i
The frequency of a photon with a wavelength of 680 nm can be calculated using the equation: frequency = speed of light / wavelength. Plugging in the values, the frequency is approximately 4.4 x 10^14 Hz.
The equation c = λ * ν relates the speed of light (c) to the wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν) of a photon. Rearranging the equation, we can solve for the frequency:
ν = c / λ
Given that the wavelength is 680 nm, we need to convert it to meters by dividing by 10^9:
λ = 680 nm = 680 x 10^-9 m
Substituting the values into the equation:
ν = (3 x 10^8 m/s) / (680 x 10^-9 m)
= 4.4 x 10^14 Hz
Therefore, the frequency of the photon is 4.4x10^14 Hz.
Note: The explanation provided assumes the use of the correct values for the speed of light and the given wavelength.Question 3 1 pts A photon has a wavelength of 680nm. What is its frequency? O 2.0x10^2 Hz 6.8x10^14 Hz 2.3x10^-15 Hz 4.4x10^14 Hz Question 4 1 pts A certain photon has a wavelength of 680nm. What is i
To learn more about Wavelength - brainly.com/question/7143261
#SPJ11
1, Two parallel disks, 80 cm in diameter, are separated by a distance of 10 cm and completely enclosed by a large room at 20°C. The properties of the surfaces are T, = 620°C, E1=0.9, T2 = 220°C. €2 = 0.45. What is the net radiant heat transfer with each surface? (Do not include back side exchange, only that from the surfaces facing each other.) Answers 1. Hot disk watts a) b) c) Cold disk watts Room watts
the net radiant heat transfer from the hot disk is approximately 139.66 watts, and the net radiant heat transfer from the cold disk is approximately 69.83 watts. The radiant heat transfer with the room is negligible in this case.
To calculate the net radiant heat transfer between the two parallel disks, we can use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that the rate of radiant heat transfer between two objects is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature difference between them.The formula for radiant heat transfer is: Q = ε * σ * A * (T1^4 - T2^4). Where Q is the net radiant heat transfer, ε is the emissivity of the surface, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 10^(-8) W/(m^2·K^4)), A is the surface area, T1 is the temperature of the hot disk, and T2 is the temperature of the cold disk.Given the following values:
T1 = 620°C = 893K
T2 = 220°C = 493K
E1 = 0.9 (emissivity of the hot disk)
E2 = 0.45 (emissivity of the cold disk)
Diameter of disks = 80 cm
Distance between disks = 10 cm.
First, we need to calculate the surface areas of the disks: A = π * r^2
For each disk: r = diameter/2 = 80 cm / 2 = 40 cm = 0.4 m
A = π * (0.4 m)^2
Substituting the values into the formula: Q1 = 0.9 * (5.67 x 10^(-8) W/(m^2·K^4)) * π * (0.4 m)^2 * (893K^4 - 493K^4)
Q2 = 0.45 * (5.67 x 10^(-8) W/(m^2·K^4)) * π * (0.4 m)^2 * (893K^4 - 493K^4)
Simplifying the equation: Q1 ≈ 139.66 W, Q2 ≈ 69.83 W.
Therefore, the net radiant heat transfer from the hot disk is approximately 139.66 watts, and the net radiant heat transfer from the cold disk is approximately 69.83 watts. The radiant heat transfer with the room is negligible in this case.
To learn more about heat transfer:
https://brainly.com/question/31065010
#SPJ11
Given that D = 5 [ln(4 x + 3 t)]2 is a left-moving
solution to the wave equation (this is a square of the natural
logarithm), what is the propagation speed of this wave?
Assume everything is in SI uni
We cannot determine a single propagation speed for this wave.
To determine the propagation speed of the wave, we need to compare the given solution to the wave equation with the general form of a left-moving wave solution.
The general form of a left-moving wave solution is of the form:
D(x, t) = f(x - vt)
Here,
D(x, t) represents the wave function, f(x - vt) is the shape of the wave, x is the spatial variable, t is the time variable, and v is the propagation speed of the wave.
Comparing this general form to the given solution, we can see that the argument of the natural logarithm, 4x + 3t, is equivalent to (x - vt). Therefore, we can equate the corresponding terms:
4x + 3t = x - vt
To determine the propagation speed, we need to solve this equation for v.
Let's rearrange the terms:
4x + 3t = x - vt
4x - x = -vt - 3t
3x = -4t - vt
3x + vt = -4t
v(t) = -4t / (3x + v)
The propagation speed v depends on both time t and spatial variable x.
The equation shows that the propagation speed is not constant but varies with the values of t and x.
Therefore, we cannot determine a single propagation speed for this wave.
Learn more about propagation speed from this link:
https://brainly.com/question/31414919
#SPJ11
Please help with physics homework.
Show work for question c)
a) The force diagram of the block and all the forces are in the image attached.
(b) The weight of the block and its parallel component is 98.1 N and 33.55 N respectively.
(c) The applied force on the block is 52.75 N
What are the component of the forces?(a) The force diagram of the block include, the parallel and pedicular component, as well as friction force.
(b) The weight of the block and its parallel component is calculated as;
Fg = mg
where;
m is the mass of the blockg is acceleration due to gravityFg = 10 kg x 9.81 m/s²
Fg = 98.1 N
Fgₓ = mgsinθ
Fgₓ = 98.1 N x sin(20)
Fgₓ = 33.55 N
(c) The applied force on the block is calculated as follows;
F - Fgₓ - μFgcosθ = ma
where;
m is the mass of the blocka is the acceleration of the blockμ is the coefficient of frictionF is the applied forceμ = a/g
μ = 1 / 9.81 = 0.1
F - 33.55 - 0.1(98.1 x cos20) = 10 x 1
F - 33.55 - 9.2 = 10
F = 10 + 33.55 + 9.2
F = 52.75 N
Learn more about perpendicular and parallel components here: https://brainly.com/question/30131588
#SPJ1
Charge 1 (q₁ = +15 µC) is located at (0,0), Charge 2 (q2 +10 µC) is loca (-3m., 4m.), and Charge 3 (93= -5 µC) is located at (0, -7m.). Find the net force (Magı Angle, and Direction) experienced by Charge 1 due to Charge 2 and Charge 3.
The net force experienced by Charge 1 is 1.31 N, at an angle of 101.3 degrees below the positive x-axis (counterclockwise direction).
To find the net force experienced by Charge 1, we need to calculate the forces exerted by Charge 2 and Charge 3 separately and then add them vectorially.
The force between two point charges can be determined using Coulomb's Law:
F = (k * |q1 * q2|) / r^2
where F is the force, k is the electrostatic constant (9 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2), q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.
Force between Charge 1 and Charge 2:
The distance between Charge 1 and Charge 2 can be calculated using the distance formula:
r12 = √[(x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2]
Plugging in the coordinates, we have:
r12 = √[(-3 - 0)^2 + (4 - 0)^2] = 5 m
Using Coulomb's Law, the force between Charge 1 and Charge 2 is:
F12 = (k * |q1 * q2|) / r12^2
= (9 x 10^9 * |(15 x 10^-6) * (10 x 10^-6)|) / (5^2)
= 0.54 N (repulsive)
Force between Charge 1 and Charge 3:
The distance between Charge 1 and Charge 3 is:
r13 = √[(x3 - x1)^2 + (y3 - y1)^2]
Plugging in the coordinates, we have:
r13 = √[(0 - 0)^2 + (-7 - 0)^2] = 7 m
Using Coulomb's Law, the force between Charge 1 and Charge 3 is:
F13 = (k * |q1 * q3|) / r13^2
= (9 x 10^9 * |(15 x 10^-6) * (-5 x 10^-6)|) / (7^2)
= 0.34 N (attractive)
To find the net force on Charge 1, we need to add the forces F12 and F13 vectorially. The x-component of the net force is the sum of the x-components of the individual forces, and the y-component of the net force is the sum of the y-components of the individual forces.
Fx = F12 * cos θ12 + F13 * cos θ13
Fy = F12 * sin θ12 + F13 * sin θ13
Where θ12 and θ13 are the angles the forces make with the positive x-axis.
The net force magnitude is given by:
|F| = √(Fx^2 + Fy^2)
The net force angle (θ) is given by:
θ = arctan(Fy / Fx)
Calculating the values, we find the net force experienced by Charge 1 is approximately 1.31 N, at an angle of 101.3 degrees below the positive x-axis (counterclockwise direction).
To learn more about force
brainly.com/question/30507236
#SPJ11
The rate constant for the decomposition of 5- hydroxymethyle furfural at 100 C's 1.22 hr 1 and at 130 C is 3.760 hr What is the activation energy in Kcal/mole and the frequency factor in sec1 for this breakdown.
The activation energy for the decomposition of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is 10.5 kcal/mol and the frequency factor is 1.2e13 sec-1.
The activation energy can be calculated using the following equation:
Ea = -R * ln(k2/k1) / (T2 - T1)
where:
Ea is the activation energy in kcal/mol
R is the gas constant (1.987 cal/mol/K)
k1 is the rate constant at temperature T1
k2 is the rate constant at temperature T2
T1 and T2 are the temperatures in Kelvin
In this case, k1 = 1.22 hr-1, k2 = 3.760 hr-1, T1 = 373 K (100 °C) and T2 = 433 K (130 °C). Plugging these values into the equation, we get:
Ea = -(1.987 cal/mol/K) * ln(3.760/1.22) / (433 K - 373 K) = 10.5 kcal/mol
The frequency factor can be calculated using the following equation:
A = k * (kBT/h)^(-Ea/RT)
Use code with caution. Learn more
where:
A is the frequency factor in sec-1
k is the Boltzmann constant (1.381e-23 J/K)
T is the temperature in Kelvin
h is Planck's constant (6.626e-34 Js)
In this case, k = 1.22 hr-1, T = 373 K (100 °C), R = 1.987 cal/mol/K and Ea = 10.5 kcal/mol. Plugging these values into the equation, we get:
A = 1.22 hr-1 * (1.987 cal/mol/K) * (1.381e-23 J/K)^(-10.5 kcal/mol / (1.987 cal/mol/K) * 373 K) = 1.2e13 sec-1
Learn more about activation energy here:
brainly.com/question/28384644
#SPJ11
