A client's apical pulse should be auscultated by the nurse as part of this assessment.
Why does the apical pulse exist?The bottom tip of your heart, or the apex, is where your apical pulse is located on your chest. Since it allows your doctor to hear your heart directly as it contracts and pumps blood, it differs from your arterial pulse points.
How is the apical pulse determined?If a sizable artery is located close to your skin, you can feel the pulse by laying your fingertips over it. One of the eight typical arterial pulse sites is at the apical region. In the left middle of your chest, just beneath the nipple, is where you'll find it. Your heart's lower (pointed) end is roughly where this place is.
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the nurse accompanies a client to an exercise stress test. the client can achieve the target heart rate, but the electrocardiogram indicates st-segment elevation. which procedure will the nurse prepare the client for next?
Answer: Cardiac catheterization
Explanation:
An elevated ST segment means an evolving myocardial infarction. A cardiac catheterization would be the logical next step.
a 22-year-old law student comes to the office complaining of severe abdominal pain radiating to his back. he states it began last night after hours of heavy drinking. he has had abdominal pain and vomiting in the past after drinking but never as bad as this. he cannot keep any food or water down, and these symptoms have been going on for almost 12 hours. he has had no recent illnesses or injuries. his past medical history is unremarkable. he denies smoking or using illegal drugs, but admits to drinking 6 to 10 beers per weekend night. he admits that last night he drank around 14 drinks. examination shows a young man appearing his stated age in some distress. he is leaning over on the examination table and holding his abdomen with his arms. his blood pressure is 90/60 and his pulse is 120. he is afebrile. his abdominal examination reveals normal bowel sounds, but he is very tender in the left upper quadrant and epigastric area. he has no murphy's sign or tenderness in the right lower quadrant. the remainder of his abdominal examination is normal. his rectal, prostate, penile, and testicular examinations are normal. he has no inguinal hernias or tenderness with that examination. blood work is pending. what etiology of abdominal pain is most likely causing his symptoms?
The etiology of this patient's abdominal pain most likely resulted in a condition known as acute pancreatitis
What is acute pancreatitis?Acute pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes inflamed (swelled) for a short period of time. The pancreas is a small organ that is located behind the stomach and helps in digestion. Most people with acute pancreatitis feel better within about a week and have no further problems.Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by gallstones or excessive alcohol consumption, but sometimes the cause is unknown.What is the best treatment for acute pancreatitis?Hospitalization to treat dehydration with intravenous (IV) fluids and oral fluids if swallowable.Oral or IV painkillers and antibiotics if pancreatic infection.If unable to eat, low-fat diet or feeding by tube or IV.To learn more about acute pancreatitis visit:
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a client with respiratory complications of multiple sclerosis (ms) is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. which equipment is most important for the nurse to keep at the client's bedside?
The most crucial device for the nurse to have by the client's bedside is a suction machine with catheters.
Why would someone use a suction catheter?Warm blood is drawn out of the body with suction catheters, the aorta is constricted in the supraceliac region, and the arterial and portal circulations are flushed through the previously inserted cannulae, typically with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK).
When treating a patient, why would you utilize suction?When a patient can't move their respiratory tract secretions adequately on their own, suctioning is done. This can happen when the body produces too many secretions or when they are not cleared effectively, which causes secretions to build up in the lung tissues.
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a client with depression doesn't respond to drug therapy. at a team conference, staff members recommend electroconvulsive therapy (ect). the nurse knows that most people respond emotionally to the thought of an electric current passing through the brain. therefore, when discussing ect with the client, the nurse should:
When discussing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with a depressed client who has not responded to pharmacological therapy, the nurse should explain the technique in a factual, straightforward manner.
Why should a nurse be straightforward?The nurse should address the client's concerns and provide accurate information about the treatment's risks, benefits, and alternatives. While discussing the procedure, the nurse must be helpful, sympathetic, and nonjudgmental.
The nurse should also include the client in the decision-making process, making sure they have all of the information they need to make an informed decision. The nurse should offer emotional support and answer any concerns the client may have regarding the treatment.
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99291, 99292, 99292, 99292the four types of medical decision making, in order of complexity from most to least complex, are as follows
The following are listed in order of complexity, least to most difficult Simple complexity, little complexity, a moderate amount of complexity, and extreme complexity.
What constitutes making medical decisions?Medical making decisions (MDM) is the most crucial of the three elements needed to grade an E/M service and it represents the supplier's cognitive labor when seeing a patient. When establishing medical necessity, the major factor for payment, certain payers focus primarily on MDM.
What does simple medical decision-making entail?The simplest form of medical decision-making is straightforward medical decision-making. It is impossible to be ineligible. For the very, very routine meetings, including such a level 2 offices follow-up (99212) or even a level 1 small office patient, this amount of complexity is necessary (99201).
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medical staff at a community health center were concerned about the oral health of many of their patients. to improve patients' oral and overall health, they wanted to improve the coordination between medical and dental services, with medical providers more reliably providing appropriate referrals for dental care based on patients' age and risk factors. what would you identify as the best outcome measure for the project?
You may generate particular improvement ideas using change concepts that you would not have thought of otherwise.
Why is having an objective statement crucial when you start a model for improvement?The voice of the client, or those we serve, is captured in a strong objective statement. It helps bring together many stakeholders, keeps the team concentrated on the current tasks, fosters a sense of urgency to complete the work, offers a vision of what success looks like, and acts as a predictor of success.
One justification for using PDSA cycles instead of a more conventional version of the scientific method when seeking to improve a process (such as a randomized, controlled trial) PDSA cycles offer a way to modify improvement suggestions as the project moves forward.
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the healthcare provider prescribes an iv infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride 500 ml with potassium chloride (kcl) 40 meq to infuse over 3 hours for a client with hypokalemia. the nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver how many ml/hour? (enter numeric value only. if rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)
The healthcare provider prescribes an iv infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride 500 ml with potassium chloride (KCL) 40 meq to infuse over 3 hours for a client with hypokalemia. Use ratio and proportion, 4 mg: X ml = 2 mg: 1 ml 2X = 4 X = 2.
Low potassium (hypokalemia) refers to a decrease in ordinary potassium degree in your bloodstream. Potassium helps carry electrical signals to cells in your body. it's far crucial to the proper functioning of nerve and muscle mass cells, especially coronary heart muscle cells.
Hypokalemia is serum potassium concentration < three. five mEq/L (< 3. five mmol/L) resulting from a deficit in general frame potassium stores or bizarre motion of potassium into cells. The most not unusual cause is extra loss from the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract.
In hypokalemia, the extent of potassium in the blood is just too low. A low potassium stage has many causes but normally consequences are from vomiting, diarrhea, adrenal gland issues, or the use of diuretics. A low potassium degree can make muscle tissues feel weak, cramp, twitch, or even turn out to be paralyzed, and unusual coronary heart rhythms might also broaden.
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how did hipaa change healthcare? it made employees more accountable. it improved efficiency of the healthcare system it helped create electronic health record templates. it changed medical authorization forms.
HIPAA changed healthcare changed medical authorization forms.
A selection via your fitness insurer or plan that a fitness care provider, treatment plan, prescription drug, or long-lasting scientific equipment is medically important. sometimes called medical authorization, earlier approval, or precertification.
Under scientific and prescription drug plans, some treatments and medicinal drugs can also need approval from your health insurance provider before you receive care. medical authorization is commonly required if you want a complicated treatment or prescription. insurance will no longer take place without it.
Authorization is a technique by using which a server determines if the purchaser has permission to use an aid or get the right of entry to a file. Authorization is commonly coupled with authentication in order that the server has a few ideas of who the client is that is inquiring to get admission.
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the nurse is explaining to a group of high school students how calorie requirements are estimated. the nurse points out there is one factor that utilizes calories but is usually disregarded in the estimate because it is a small part. what factor is usually not included in estimating calorie requirements?
Thermic effect of food is the factor usually not included in estimating calorie requirements.
Calories are obtained from food we eat and are utilized as energy source. Thermic effect of food is also known by the name specific dynamic action and dietary induced thermogenesis. It is defined as the cost paid by body to digest, absorb and metabolise the food.
The energy is around 10% of the calorie intake. However, the thermic effect varies for each food. Generally taken, fats need 0 to 5%, carbohydrates need 5 to 15% and proteins need around 20 to 30% of the calories.
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when more than two physicians, with technicians and specialized equipment, work together to complete a complicated procedure and each physician has a specific portion of the surgery to complete, they are termed what?
Organ system level of organization is the highest organization this physician is specialized in .
What is level of organization and with the given organs which level till this physician is specialized in?
Level of organization is the certain levels like cellular level, tissue level, organ level, and organ system level.
Here the level of organization given is mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestine , and this physician is specialized in organ level organization.
Since the question mention sin the very starting that the physician is specializing in surgery is the symptom of being highly specialized.
Hence the physician is organ system level of organization specialized.
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assessment of a client on a medical surgical unit finds a regular heart rate of 120 beats per minute, audible third and fourth heart sounds, blood pressure of 84/64 mm hg, bibasilar crackles on lung auscultation, and a urine output of 5 ml over the past hour. what is the reason the nurse anticipates transferring the client to the intensive care unit?
A customer on a scientific-surgical unit reveals a regular coronary heart price of one hundred twenty beats in step with minute, audible 0.33 and fourth heart sounds, and blood pressure of 84/sixty-four mm hg, the client goes into cardiogenic shock.
Left-sided heart failure signs and symptoms consist of Awakening at night time with shortness of breath. Shortness of breath all through exercising or whilst mendacity is flat.
The primary cause of cardiogenic shock is a heart attack, which is a worry of coronary heart sickness. you may decrease your risk of cardiogenic surprise by way of taking steps to prevent a coronary heart attack or different coronary heart troubles. this means adopting heart-healthful lifestyle adjustments to assist prevent or treat coronary heart ailment.
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what activity is the comprehensive collection of all patients' history recorded in epic? it will offer easy access to information ranging from the patient's test results to summaries of entire encounters for that patient.
There are several tabs in the Chart Review activity that divide the patient's medical history and make it simpler to discover information.
Reviewing a patient's medical record or chart might provide information from the past that can help with clinical questions. Such a research enables relatively quick and less resource-intensive solutions to particular clinical concerns. However, the insufficiency of the data and the limited information that can be retrieved may restrict these investigations. Such assessments may use a variety of data sources (such as case charts, computerized registries, etc.), each with unique advantages and disadvantages.
The process typically entails developing the research topic, choosing the best data source, creating a strategy for data extraction, extracting the data, validating it for accuracy, analyzing the data, and properly archiving and disseminating the results. The concerns of informed consent and confidentiality are at the forefront of these investigations' ethical considerations.
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Each serving from the dairy group provides approximately ________ milligrams of calcium.
Answer: 300
Explanation:
food processing multiple choice decreases vitamin e content of foods. enhances vitamin e absorption from foods. has no effect on vitamin e in foods because it is a stable compound. increases vitamin e content of foods.
Food processing multiple choice decreases the vitamin e content of foods. enhances vitamin e absorption from foods Helps regulate chemical reactions in the body.
While taken by means of mouth: diet E is probably secure for most people whilst taken in doses decrease than 1000 mg daily. this is the same as 1100 IU of synthetic vitamin E (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol) or 1500 IU of herbal nutrition E (RRR-alpha-tocopherol). The danger of side outcomes will increase with higher doses.
Alpha-tocopherol increases considerably with vitamin E intake and has been postulated to be associated with higher cardiovascular health due to antioxidant and anti-atherogenic residences in numerous studies [7-9]
Nutrition E is vital for healthful skin — and this consists of your scalp. terrible scalp fitness is connected to lackluster hair exceptional. vitamin E helps the scalp and gives your hair a robust base to develop from by means of lowering oxidative strain and preserving the protective lipid layer.
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a patient has had a traumatic amputation of the left leg above the knee following an industrial accident. what type of disability does this patient have?
The type of disability experienced by a traumatic amputee after an industrial accident is an acquired disability.
There are two types of disabilities commonly found in everyday life:
Acquired disability has developed during a person's lifetime, ie as a result of an accident or disease, not one that was present at birth. Congenital disability or birth defects are health problems that have been present since birth, regardless of the cause. It can be a physical, intellectual, or developmental disability, and its degree can range from mild to severeThe emergence of disability can be motivated by health problems that arise from birth, chronic and acute diseases, and injuries that can be caused by accidents, wars, disasters, and so on.
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a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension asks the nurse what happens when uncontrolled hypertension is prolonged. the nurse explains that a patient with prolonged uncontrolled hypertension is at risk for developing what health problem?
Uncontrolled hypertension increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke, and cognitive decline
What is uncontrolled hypertension ?The primary organs that are damaged by hypertension are the heart, kidneys, brain, and arterial blood vessels. Uncontrolled hypertension speeds up this organ damage, which eventually leads to organ failure, cardiovascular death, and disability.
Uncontrolled hypertension" refers to blood pressure that is not adequately managed as opposed to blood pressure that is unresponsive to therapy, as might be seen with secondary causes of hypertension like renal artery stenosis.A blood pressure reading of 180/120 or higher results in an 80% chance of passing away within a year if untreated, with an average survival rate of ten months. Heart attack, stroke, blindness, and kidney disease can all result from persistent, untreated high blood pressure.Learn more about Uncontrolled Hypertension here:
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A patient newly diagnosed with hypertension asks the nurse what happens when uncontrolled hypertension is prolonged.
How does hypertension kill you?
High blood pressure can burst or block arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain, causing a stroke. Brain cells die during a stroke because they do not get enough oxygen. Stroke can cause serious disabilities in speech, movement, and other basic activities, and a stroke can kill you. The Kidneys.
What are the non modifiable risk factors for hypertension?
Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of hypertension, age over 65 years and co-existing diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease. Hypertension is called a "silent killer". Most people with hypertension are unaware of the problem because it may have no warning signs or symptoms.
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what anesthesia code(s) are assigned for an obstetric patient who had neuraxial labor analgesia provided by the anesthesiologist when the delivery was expected to be a normal vaginal delivery but the obstetrician performed a cesarean delivery when the fetal heart rate dropped?
Anesthesia code(s) are assigned for an obstetric patient who had neuraxial labor analgesia provided by the anesthesiologist: 01967, 01968.
In the CPT® Index, under Anesthesia/Neuraxial/Labor, which directs you to code range 01967–1969, you can review the codes in the numeric section to determine that codes 01967 and 01968 are the correct codes. Code 01967 describes the initial service without the cesarean delivery. Code 01968 is an add-on code that adds cesarean delivery. Add-on codes must be coded in conjunction with the primary code and cannot be coded alone. The correct codes that are assigned for an obstetric patient who had neuraxial labor analgesia provided by the anesthesiologist: are 01967, 01968.
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The order is for Cefazolin 0.5 g IM. How many milliliters of diluent will the nurse add to the cefazolin powder to reconstitute the medication?
To reconstitute the cefazolin powder, the nurse adds 0.5 milliliters of diluent.
What we mean by reconstitution is:The procedure of mixing a liquid (diluent) with a dry component to adjust the solution's concentration.
Reconstitution formula :When doctors prescribe a drug, they usually specify its concentration, and the medicine itself comes in pre-packaged vials. So, all that is left to do is to add the correct amount of diluent. That is what the base formula is for figuring out the volume of the diluent:
Dose volume = dose / reconstitution concentration
Dose volume= 0.5mg/ 1mg/ml
Dose volume = 0.5 ml
where:
dose - The mass of the powdered or crystalline drug; and
dose volume - The quantity of diluent you need to add to the powder or crystalline drug.
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a 53-year-old woman presents with a 1-year history of chronic cough. the cough produces large volumes of grossly purulent sputum. she has a history of recurrent respiratory infections; they resulted in five hospitalizations in the past year. she also had similar complaints during the previous year. shortness of breath limits her daily activity. upon pulmonary examination, bilateral breath sounds are audible, with inspiratory and expiratory crackles at the lung bases. chest x-ray reveals increased bronchovascular markings and cardiomegaly. what is the initial diagnosis?
The whole clinical picture points to chronic (persistent) bronchitis. A clinical history of a productive cough lasting three months out of the year for two years in a row characterizes chronic bronchitis. Smoking is the main contributor.
What pathologic characteristics characterize chronic bronchitis?Airway damage and constriction, airway mucous gland enlargement, inflammatory cell infiltration, and loss of ciliated epithelium are the main pathologic features. Because of the persistent local inflammation and the high possibility of bacterial colonization and infection, the cough generates thick, frequently purulent sputum. Inhalatory and expiratory crackles are caused by excessive mucus production and poor mucociliary escalator function. Hyperinflated lung volumes, a depressed diaphragm, and parallel linear densities, often known as tram track lines, are frequent imaging findings.
Can chronic bronchitis be cured?There is no cure for chronic bronchitis, but there are some treatments that can help manage the symptoms. These include bronchodilators to open airways, steroids to reduce inflammation, oxygen therapy, and lung rehabilitation.
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the nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of self-care deficit, bathing related to motor impairment and decreased cognitive function for a client with cerebral metastasis. which outcome would the nurse most likely identify on this client's plan of care?
The client is lacking in bathing-related self-care. An suitable result would therefore address the patient's participation in everyday hygiene practices.
Why is good hygiene so crucial?Through proper personal hygiene and routine body and hair washing with soap and water, many diseases and disorders can be avoided or managed. The spread of diseases connected to cleanliness can be stopped by using good body washing techniques. To be healthy, find out how often you should wash your hands.
Why does hygiene exist?Neglecting one's personal requirements due to incapacity or unwillingness might manifest as poor hygiene. Certain emotional or mental illnesses, such as severe depression and psychotic disorders, are frequently accompanied by poor hygiene. Another major factor in poor hygiene is dementia.
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a client receives a prescription for inamrinone (inocor) 0.75 mg/kg iv bolus to be delivered over 3 minutes. the client weighs 80 kg. inamrinone is available for injection, 100 mg/20 ml. how many ml of inamrinone should the nurse administer? (enter numeric value only. if rounding is required, round to the nearest whole number.)
A client receives a prescription for inamrinone (indoor) 0.75 mg/kg iv bolus to be delivered over 3 minutes. the client weighs 80 kg. inamrinone is available for injection, 100 mg/20 ml. how many ml of inamrinone should the nurse administers in ratio and proportion, 4 mg: X ml = 2 mg: 1 ml 2X = 4 X = 2.
Inamrinone is a medicinal drug used in the quick-time period management and remedy of congestive heart failure. it's miles a phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, which increases cardiac inotropy.
Inamrinone - Medical Pharmacology. Inamrinone is a high-quality inotropic agent with vasodilator activity, exceptional in structure and mode of action from both digitalis glycosides and catecholamines. The mechanism of its inotropic and vasodilator consequences has not been completely elucidated.
In case your milrinone stops infusing it's far more feasible that you may enjoy sudden and severe signs of coronary heart failure. in case you are not able to right away restart the infusion, you or your caregiver should initiate your network's Emergency clinical device with the aid of calling 911 without delay.
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a nurse is planning care for a client in acute addisonian crisis. which nursing diagnosis should receive the highest priority?
Risk for Infection and decreased cardiac output and Impaired physical mobility and Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirement.
Is a disorder a diagnosis?A illness is recognizable and quantified. While there is insufficient evidence to make a diagnosis, a problem may suggest the possibility of a specific disease. Even while it may be obvious that you do have an autoimmune condition, it may take some time before you are given a precise diagnosis like RA.
What is direct diagnosis?A clinical lab and biotechnology business called Direct Diagnostics is expanding molecular testing and revolutionizing salivary diagnostics. The next wave of spit tests for infectious diseases and pathogens found in the tongue and periodontium is currently being created.
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Decribe one (1) difference between coding guideline for Wound Debridement (11042-11047) and coding guideline for Repair of Wound (12001-13160)
1) Do now now not document 11042 -11047 together with 97597-97602 for the equal wound.
2) CPT code 11043, 11046 and 11044, 11047 may moreover most effective be billed in region of carrier inpatient clinic, outpatient sanatorium or ambulatory surgical center (ASC)
3) CPT codes 11043, 11046 and 11044, 11047 are codes that describe deep debridement of the muscle and bone.
4) CPT directs you to file restore (Closure) codes 12001-13160, as suitable to the kind (simple, intermediate, or complicated), area, and duration of the wound “to designate wound closure utilizing sutures, staples or tissue adhesives (eg, 2-cyanoacrylate), each singly or in combination with every different.
Wounds are injuries that spoil the skin or other body tissues. They encompass cuts, scrapes, scratches, and punctured the skin. They regularly appear due to a twist of fate, but the surgical procedures, sutures, and stitches additionally purpose wounds.
Wounds can be caused by something surprising, such as a cut, a fall, or a bad knock. Cuts grazes and lacerations are all examples of wounds
Kind of Wounds :
* Penetrating wounds. Puncture wounds. Surgical wounds and incisions. Thermal, chemical, or electric-powered burns. * * *Gunshot wounds, or other excessive-pace projectiles that can penetrate the body.
*Blunt pressure trauma. abrasions. lacerations. skin tears.
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a client is considering the options available for their child's health insurance coverage in the marketplace provided by the affordable care act, but the client is worried because the child has a preexisting diagnosis of diabetes. what should the nurse tell the client about preexisting conditions and the affordable care act?
The nurse tells the client that The coverage agencies are calling to cover and man or woman irrespective of preexisting conditions.
Affected person protection and cheap Care Act (PPACA) legislation made fundamental changes to the public and private provision of health insurance, and consists of provisions to make bigger coverage, set up new methods to fund the program, and create packages to lessen health care expenses while improving care.
The affordable care act public coverage applications consist of Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, and military medical insurance programs (Veteran's health administration, TRICARE). The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is the most important governmental source of health coverage investment.
The affected person protection and less expensive medical Care Act establishes a brand new, voluntary, self-funded lengthy-term care coverage application, the magnificence Independence Advantage Plan, for the purchase of community residing assistance offerings and supports by using individuals with practical barriers.
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Medicare and other payers may consider a procedure to be non covered service when performed in an ASC for several reasons. List two
Medicare and other payers may consider a procedure to be non covered service when performed in an ASC for several reasons such as:
Excessive therapy or diagnostic procedure Services that are reimbursable by other organizationsWhat are Ambulatory Surgical Centers for?Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASC) are modern health care facilities whose purpose is for providing surgical care on the same day as an incident which covers diagnostic and preventive procedures. Hospital owned outpatient facilities are an example of ASC.
For a procedure to be a non covered service, it would mean that the therapy or diagnostic procedure is excessive or that other organizations will reimburse the services.
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incompetent valves in veins may cause . group of answer choices infarction varicose veins hypotension arteriosclerosis
Incompetent valves in veins may cause varicose veins. Twisted, swollen veins are known as varicose veins.
Varicose veins can develop in any superficial (near the skin's surface) vein. Leg veins are the most frequently affected by varicose veins. This is due to the fact that standing and walking put more strain on the lower body's veins.
Varicose veins and spider veins, a typical, minor variety of varicose veins, are frequently only an aesthetic concern for many people. Others may have aching pain and discomfort from varicose veins. Varicose veins can occasionally result in more severe issues.
Self-care techniques or professional medical procedures to seal or eliminate veins may be used in treatment.
Varicose veins and spider veins are similar, although spider veins are smaller. Closer to the skin's surface, spider veins are frequently red or blue in color.
Spider veins can be present on the face as well as the legs. They come in different sizes and frequently resemble spider webs.
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the public health nurse is participating in a health fair, and she interviews a woman with a history of hypertension who is currently smoking one pack of cigarettes per day. she has had no manifestations of coronary artery disease (cad) but a recent low-density lipoprotein (ldl) level of 154 mg/dl was found. based on her assessment, the nurse would expect that this patient would be treated in what way?
After interviewing the women with history of hypertension having low-density lipoprotein level of 154 mg/dl, the nurse would expect that this patient would be treated in diet therapy and smoking cessation.
Hypertension is when blood pressure level is simply too high. Blood pressure level is written as 2 numbers. the primary (systolic) variety represents the pressure in blood vessels once the center contracts or beats. The second (diastolic) variety represents the pressure within the vessels once the center rests between beats.
Smoking cessation lowers the danger of cancer and alternative serious health issues. Counseling, psychotherapy, medicines, and nicotine-containing product, like vasoconstrictor patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays, could also be accustomed facilitate someone quit smoking.
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the stanford five-city project, a major community trial designed to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases, used two types of surveys to measure treatment-control differences across risk factors. what were they?
Both the cross-sectional household surveys and the cohort surveys are conducted on a group of people.
How would you characterize a cohort?A cohort is described as a group of people, typically 100 or more in number, who share a common trait, such as being smokers, employed by a lead smelter, born in the same year, or even all members of a particular health insurance plan. Cohort studies contrast an exposed population with an unexposed population.
Cohort: A bunch or not?A cohort is a group of individuals who are participating in a common set of experiences, according to its definition. You can start to notice some advantages of this technique if you apply this idea to the classroom. In a cohort graduate studies, students often start and finish their studies simultaneously.
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a client with parkinson disease is experiencing episodes of constipation that are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. the client reports that he has been achieving relief for the past few weeks by using over-the-counter laxatives. how should the nurse respond?
We should look for alternative solutions because laxatives might have negative effects and lead to dependency.
What is the main cause of constipation?If the urge to go to the toilet is persistently ignored, the urge may finally go away. Diet lacking in water and fiber. Constipation could result from a diet that is too high in saturated fat and too deficient in fiber and water. Fiber absorbs water, resulting in bigger, smoother, and more easily passed feces.
Where do you feel constipation pain?Patients with constipation may feel abdominal tightness or a severe, cramping discomfort in the middle in their gut. Even though they haven't eaten in several hours, they could feel constantly as though they have just had a substantial meal. Additionally, patients may feel gassy, yet releasing gas does not make them feel better.
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. the nurse is changing the subclavian dressing of a patient who is receiving total parenteral nutrition. when assessing the catheter insertion site, the nurse notes the presence of yellow drainage from around the sutures that are anchoring the catheter. which action should the nurse take first?
The nurse should assess the patient's vital signs and level of consciousness. If the patient is stable, the nurse should then assess the catheter insertion site for signs of infection.
The nurse should take the following action in case of infection:
1. Assess the patient's vital signs.
2. Notify the physician.
3. Discontinue the total parenteral nutrition.
4. Assess the catheter insertion site for signs of infection.
5. If the catheter insertion site is infected, the nurse should remove the catheter and start appropriate treatment.
6.Initiate appropriate treatment, such as starting antibiotics.
7.The nurse should also assess the catheter for proper functioning and ensure that the patient is receiving the appropriate amount of total parenteral nutrition.
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