The offering price of the fund is $2,985,975.. To calculate the offering price of the mutual fund, we need to determine the total value of the fund's assets, including stocks and cash, and then add the front-end load.
First, calculate the value of each stock by multiplying the number of shares by the stock price:
Stock A value = 9,000 * $92 = $828,000
Stock B value = 33,000 * $21 = $693,000
Stock C value = 6,000 * $79 = $474,000
Stock D value = 74,000 * $14 = $1,036,000
Next, sum up the values of all stocks:
Total value of stocks = $828,000 + $693,000 + $474,000 + $1,036,000 = $3,031,000
Now, calculate the net asset value (NAV) of the fund, which is the total value of assets minus liabilities:
To calculate the offering price of the mutual fund, we need to determine the total value of the fund's assets, including stocks and cash, and then add the front-end load.
First, calculate the value of each stock by multiplying the number of shares by the stock price:
Stock A value = 9,000 * $92 = $828,000
Stock B value = 33,000 * $21 = $693,000
Stock C value = 6,000 * $79 = $474,000
Stock D value = 74,000 * $14 = $1,036,000
Next, sum up the values of all stocks:
Total value of stocks = $828,000 + $693,000 + $474,000 + $1,036,000 = $3,031,000
Now, calculate the net asset value (NAV) of the fund, which is the total value of assets minus liabilities:
NAV = Total value of stocks - Liabilities = $3,031,000 - $146,000 = $2,885,000
To determine the offering price, we need to add the front-end load, which is 3.5% of the NAV:
Front-end load = 3.5% * $2,885,000 = $100,975
Offering price = NAV + Front-end load = $2,885,000 + $100,975 = $2,985,975
Therefore, the offering price of the fund is $2,985,975.= Total value of stocks - Liabilities = $3,031,000 - $146,000 = $2,885,000
To determine the offering price, we need to add the front-end load, which is 3.5% of the NAV:
Front-end load = 3.5% * $2,885,000 = $100,975
Offering price = NAV + Front-end load = $2,885,000 + $100,975 = $2,985,975
Therefore, the offering price of the fund is $2,985,975.
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Q16-Q22 are based on the following problem.
Greener Inc is a retailer of tea bags and its manager is doing inventory management for its most popular Jasmine Green Tea (JGT). Demand for the JGT is 8000 boxes per month. Each box costs the retailer $8. Ordering costs are $60, and the annual carrying costs are 20 percent of the purchase price. Assume the lead time is zero, and there are 300 days in a year during which the retailer is operating.
What is the EOQ quantity?
What is the average inventory level of the tea boxes at Greener Inc?
How many orders will be placed per year?
How often will an order be placed (length of order cycle)?'
How much does the company spend annually on ordering costs (Hint: You can obtain this result using your result for Q16)?'
If the manager mistakenly estimated the holding cost to be 10 percent of the purchase price, by what percentage will the EOQ quantity be off (meaning deviating from the EOQ quantity you obtained from Q16)?
If the manager mistakenly estimated the holding cost to be 10 percent of the purchase price, by what percentage will the total costs (using the correct unit holding cost) be off?
The deviation from the original EOQ is 29.10% and the deviation from the original total cost is 2.98%.
What is the EOQ quantity?The EOQ formula is given by;
EOQ = √((2DS)/(H)),
Where,
D = Annual Demand
S = Ordering Cost
H = Holding Cost
EOQ = √((2*8000*60)/(8*0.20))
EOQ = 600 boxes.
What is the average inventory level of the tea boxes at Greener Inc?The formula to calculate the average inventory level is given as;
Average Inventory Level = (Q/2) + (D * L) / 2
Where,
Q = EOQD = Annual Demand
L = Lead time
L = 0
(Given)
Average Inventory Level = (600/2) + (8000 * 0) / 2
Average Inventory Level = 300 boxes.
How many orders will be placed per year?The number of orders placed per year is given as;
Number of orders = (D/Q)
Number of orders = (8000/600)
Number of orders = 13.33 orders,
The company will place 13 orders in a year.
Length of order cycle = (Q/D) * 30
Length of order cycle = (600/8000) * 30
Length of order cycle = 2.25 months.
Annual ordering cost = (D/Q) * S * H,
Annual ordering cost = (8000/600) * 60 * 1,
Annual ordering cost = $800.
EOQ = √((2DS)/H)
EOQ = √((2*8000*60)/(8*0.10))
EOQ = 774.60 boxes,
The percentage deviation from the original EOQ value;
Deviation percentage = | (EOQ(original) - EOQ(new)) / EOQ(original) | * 100%
Deviation percentage = |(600 - 774.60) / 600| * 100%
Deviation percentage = 29.10%.
If the manager mistakenly estimated the holding cost to be 10 percent of the purchase price,
The total cost is given as-
Total Cost = Ordering Cost + Carrying Cost Total Cost
= ((DS/H) * S) + ((H/2) * Q)
Total Cost = ((8000/600 * 60) + (0.20/2) * 8 * 600)
Total Cost = $2,760
The percentage deviation from the original Total cost value;
Deviation percentage = |(Total Cost(original) - Total Cost(new)) / Total Cost(original)| * 100%
Deviation percentage = |(2680 - 2760) / 2680| * 100%
Deviation percentage = 2.98%.
Therefore, the deviation from the original EOQ is 29.10% and the deviation from the original total cost is 2.98%.
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determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022.
The accounts for common stock and dividends will receive $248,000 in cash inflows and $25,000 in cash outflows in 2022.
To determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022,
Cash inflows from issuance of common stock: $230,000. This is based on the common stock's initial amount of $200,000 plus the additional stock issuance of $30,000.
Cash inflows from dividends: $18,000. This is based on the total amount of declared dividends of $15,000 plus the amount of dividends that were declared the previous year but not paid, which is $3,000. (The dividend is a distribution of earnings to shareholders, and it is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)
Cash outflows from the purchase of treasury stock: $10,000. This is based on the amount of common stock repurchased of $10,000. (The repurchase of stock is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)Cash outflows from the payment of dividends: $15,000. This is based on the total amount of declared dividends of $15,000. (The payment of dividends is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)
In summary, the cash inflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022 are $248,000, and the cash outflows are $25,000.
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The complete question is:
The following account balances relate to the stockholders' equity accounts of Sheffield Corp. at year-end. 2022 2021 Common stock, 11,110 and 10,610 shares, respectively, for 2022 and 2021 $153,650 $132,850 Preferred stock, 5,050 shares 136,350 136,350 Retained earnings 322,310 272,200 A small stock dividend was declared and issued in 2022. The market price of the shares was $7,920. Cash dividends were $19,970 in both 2022 and 2021. The common stock has no par or stated value. What was the amount of net income reported by Sheffield Corp. in 2022? Net income $ Determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a - sign e.g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e.g. (15,000).) Cash flow related to common stock account $ Cash flow related to dividend account $ eTextbook and Media Indicate where each of the cash inflows or outflows identified in (b) would be classified on the statement of cash flows. Cash flow related to common stock account Cash flow related to dividend account
Suppose the CPA Practice Advisor reports that the mean preparation fee for 2017 federal income tax returns was $273. Use this price as the population mean and assume the population standard deviation of preparation fees is $100. If you want the probability that the mean price of a random sample of federal income tax returns is within $16 of the population mean to be at least 0.95, what is the smallest possible sample size you should collect?
Rounding up to the nearest whole number, the smallest possible sample size needed is 97.
To determine the smallest possible sample size needed to achieve a desired level of confidence, we can use the formula for sample size calculation with a known population standard deviation. The formula is:
n = [(Z * σ) / E]^2
Where:
n = sample size
Z = Z-score corresponding to the desired level of confidence (in this case, for a 95% confidence level, Z ≈ 1.96)
σ = population standard deviation
E = maximum error or margin of error
In this case, the desired margin of error is $16, and the population standard deviation is given as $100. Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the sample size:
n = [(1.96 * 100) / 16]^2
n ≈ 96.04
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Meyer Inc produces lampposts using labor (L) and capital (K).
Its production function is given by the following expression: Q =
30 L + 10 K where Q is the output of lampposts. The prices of labor
(PL)
The prices of labor is (200 * L) + (30 * K).
The production function for Meyer Inc. is 30L + 10K = Q, where L represents labor and K represents capital. The price of labor is PL.
In order to determine Meyer Inc's total cost (C), you must first determine the price of capital (PK) and then use it to compute the total cost equation.
To calculate the price of capital, use the following formula:
PL = (MC) / (MP)
Where: MC: represents the cost of capital
MP: represents the marginal product of labor.
Therefore, MC = PL * MP
or MC = (dQ/dL) * PL
Let's begin by calculating the marginal product of labor:
MP = dQ/dL
= 30.
Next, let's use this information to determine the cost of capital:
MC = PL * MP
= 30 * PL
Now that we know the price of capital, we can calculate the total cost equation:
C = (PL * L) + (PK * K)
Using the values provided in the question, we can plug in the appropriate numbers and simplify:
C = (200 * L) + (30 * K)
Therefore, the expression for Meyer Inc's total cost (C) is (200 * L) + (30 * K).
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Morales Corporation produces microwave ovens. The following per unit cost information is available direct materials $38, direct labor $24, variable manufacturing overhead $15, fand manufacturing overhead $43, variable selling and administrative expens $17, and fixed selling and administrative expenses $25. Its desired ROI per unit is $30 Compute the markup percentage using asorption-co pricing (Round answer to 2 decimal places, 10.50% Markup percentage
The markup percentage using absorption-cost pricing can be calculated by dividing the desired return on investment (ROI) per unit by the total absorption cost per unit, and then multiplying by 100.
Total absorption cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead + Fixed manufacturing overhead
Total absorption cost per unit = $38 + $24 + $15 + $43 = $120
Desired ROI per unit = $30
Markup percentage = (Desired ROI per unit / Total absorption cost per unit) * 100
Markup percentage = ($30 / $120) * 100 ≈ 25%
Therefore, the markup percentage using absorption-cost pricing is approximately 25%.
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Why doesn’t the elasticity of labor supply matter for the effects of changes in the real minimum wage on employment? and
If prices increase, what will happen to the level of unemployment when there is a binding minimum wage?
In the case of a binding minimum wage, the number of unemployed workers will increase as employers seek to hire fewer workers at the higher minimum wage.
Elasticity of labor supply and changes in the real minimum wage Elasticity of labor supply is the responsiveness of the number of workers to changes in wages. There are two types of elasticity of labor supply: elastic and inelastic. Elastic labor supply occurs when the quantity of workers responds highly to changes in wages, while inelastic labor supply occurs when the number of workers does not change much in response to changes in wages.
If labor supply is elastic, the effect of changes in the minimum wage on employment will be smaller than if labor supply is inelastic. In short, the elasticity of labor demand is more important in determining the effects of changes in the real minimum wage on employment than the elasticity of labor supply.In general, changes in the real minimum wage have only a small effect on employment levels. While the minimum wage can lead to reductions in employment, these effects are typically small and concentrated among low-skilled and low-wage workers.
Many studies have shown that changes in the minimum wage have little impact on employment levels.If prices increase, what will happen to the level of unemployment when there is a binding minimum wage?If prices increase, the real minimum wage will decrease, meaning that the minimum wage will be less effective at reducing poverty and inequality. When there is a binding minimum wage, or a minimum wage that is higher than the market wage, the number of unemployed workers will increase. The minimum wage leads to a reduction in the demand for labor, which can lead to higher levels of unemployment.
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Assume that demand for three goods has been evaluated at the follow- ing three price vectors: p¹ = (1, 2, 2); p² = (2, 1, 2); p³= (2, 2, 1); = Consider two different data sets with income m 12 in all cases. specifying x¹ = x(p¹, 12), x² = x(p², 12), and x³ = x(p³, 12). (a) Suppose that x¹ = (4, 2, 2), x² = (2, 4, 2), and x³ = (2, 2, 4). Show that there are no cycles in the affordability matrix. What does this imply for existence of a utility function rationalizing these choices? (b) Suppose instead that x¹ = (2,3,2), x² = (2, 2, 3), and x³ = (3, 2, 2). Show that there is a cycle in the affordability matrix. What does this imply for existence of a utility function rational- izing these choices?
To determine the presence of cycles in the affordability matrix and its implications for the existence of a utility function rationalizing the choices, we need to calculate the affordability matrix using the given price vectors and consumption bundles.
(a) Given x¹ = (4, 2, 2), x² = (2, 4, 2), and x³ = (2, 2, 4), we can calculate the affordability matrix as follows:
Affordability matrix:
p¹ p² p³
x¹ 4 2 2
x² 2 4 2
x³ 2 2 4
There are no cycles in the affordability matrix. This means that there are no subsets of goods where it is possible to move from one bundle to another and back in a cycle without violating the budget constraint.
The absence of cycles in the affordability matrix implies that there exists a utility function that rationalizes these choices. It suggests that the consumer's preferences are consistent with the observed consumption bundles, given the prices and income.
(b) Given x¹ = (2, 3, 2), x² = (2, 2, 3), and x³ = (3, 2, 2), we can calculate the affordability matrix as follows:
Affordability matrix:
p¹ p² p³
x¹ 2 2 3
x² 3 2 2
x³ 2 3 2
There is a cycle in the affordability matrix, where x¹ can be obtained from x², x² can be obtained from x³, and x³ can be obtained from x¹. This cycle violates the budget constraint, as it suggests that the consumer can move from one bundle to another and back without incurring any additional cost.
The presence of a cycle in the affordability matrix implies that there does not exist a utility function that can rationalize these choices. It suggests that the consumer's preferences, as reflected in the consumption bundles, are inconsistent with the given prices and income.
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name some online presence/brand/business of an existing entity?
Here are some examples of an online presence/brand/business of an existing entity:
Apple Inc.Tesla WalmartApple Inc.: Apple is one of the most well-known companies in the world, and they have a strong online presence. Their website is very clean and easy to navigate, and their social media presence is very active. They use their online presence to promote new products, provide customer support, and engage with their audience.
Tesla: Tesla is another company that has a strong online presence. They use their website to showcase their products, provide information about their technology, and share news about the company. They are also very active on social media, where they share updates about new products, share customer stories, and engage with their followers.
Walmart: Walmart is a large retail chain that has a strong online presence. Their website allows customers to shop online and order products for home delivery or in-store pickup. They also have a strong social media presence, where they share promotions and deals, provide customer support, and engage with their audience.
Overall, having a strong online presence is essential for any business or brand in today's digital age. It allows companies to connect with customers, share information, and promote their products or services to a wide audience.
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answer with two paragraphs to each questions and show formula for calculations please THe Zhou Bicycle Company case on page 524 will be used for this week's assignment. Below I have calculated the translations for you. Translations are changing numbers into the form that is required for the formulas. For example, the accounting department gives the per unit inventory cost as a percentage of the purchase cost (The IRS requires inventory to be valued at purchase cost). The translations required for this problem are listed below: Translations: Inventory Cost = 60% of selling price, $170, cost = 170 x 0.60 = $102 The per unit cost to hold, Ch = 12% of inventory, Ch = 102 x 0.12 = 12.24 Work days = 365 - weekends - 11 holidays = 250. (For daily demand) ROP = Lead Time x daily demand, note: LT of 4 weeks = 28 days. Variables needed for calculations Annual Demand, D = 439 Daily demand, d = 439/ 250 Ch (per unit holding cost) = 12.24 Co (cost to order) = 65 Q, economic order quantity (formula 12-1 on page 498). N, the number of orders per year, (formula 12-2) Tcycle, how long each order will last = work days / N, (formula 12-3). ROP, ReOrder Point - lead time * daily demand (formula 12-6). TC total annual costs = Total annual holding costs + total annual ordering costs, (formula 12-4) TC = Qaverage (Q/2)* Ch + N* Co (formula 12-5) 1. Zhou Bicycle was purchasing all the inventory at once. You recommend using the economic order quantity to save the company money by setting up a yearly blanket order and having releases against the order equal to the EOQ.. Calculate the economic ordering quantity (Q) and the number of orders per year (N). 2. Calculate the ReOrder Point (ROP) -In the previous chapter, we discussed logistics to share information with suppliers. One such data piece of information is the reorder point. At what inventory level should you reorder? 3. Your boss likes your idea but wants to know the cost savings to the company. Calculate Total Cost (formula 12-5) for the EOQ model. If ordering all the bicycles at one time cost $50,151.36, how much money did you save the organization?
1. Zhou Bicycle was purchasing all the inventory at once. You recommend using the economic order quantity to save the company money by setting up a yearly blanket order and having releases against the order equal to the EOQ.
Calculate the economic ordering quantity (Q) and the number of orders per year (N).Economic order quantity (Q) is used to calculate the most advantageous quantity of inventory to order. The formula for economic order quantity (EOQ) is as follows:EOQ = √((2DCo)/(Ch))Where:D = Annual demand in unitsCo = Cost to place an orderCh = Annual holding cost per unit of inventoryThe given values are:D = 439Co = $65Ch = $12.24Q = √((2 x 439 x 65)/12.24) = 536.89≈537 unitsUsing the above value of Q, we can calculate the number of orders per year (N):N = D/Q = 439/537 ≈ 0.82 orders per day2.
Calculate the ReOrder Point (ROP) -In the previous chapter, we discussed logistics to share information with suppliers. One such data piece of information is the reorder point. At what inventory level should you reorder?Reorder Point (ROP) can be calculated using the following formula:ROP = Lead Time x Daily demand
The given values are:Lead Time (LT) = 28 daysDaily demand (d) = D/Work days = 439/250 ≈ 1.76 units per dayROP = 28 x 1.76 = 49.28 ≈ 49 units3. Your boss likes your idea but wants to know the cost savings to the company.
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Subject: franchise management
Provide background on the Burger King company. with the reference.
Burger King is a well-known fast-food restaurant chain that was founded in 1954 in Miami, Florida. It has grown to become one of the largest hamburger fast-food chains globally, with a focus on flame-grilled burgers.
Burger King is recognized for its signature menu items, including the Whopper sandwich, and its commitment to providing customers with customizable burger options. The company operates on a franchise model, allowing independent franchisees to operate Burger King restaurants worldwide.
Burger King, often abbreviated as BK, was established by James McLamore and David Edgerton. Since its inception, the company has expanded rapidly, with a strong emphasis on franchising as a growth strategy.
Franchising allows Burger King to extend its brand presence globally and maintain a widespread network of restaurants. Independent franchisees operate individual Burger King locations, adhering to the company's standardized operating procedures, menu offerings, and brand image.
Burger King's success is rooted in its menu innovation and customer-centric approach. The company continually introduces new products and promotions to cater to changing consumer tastes and preferences. Burger King's signature flame-grilled burgers differentiate it from competitors and contribute to its unique brand identity.
As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, Burger King has a significant global presence, with thousands of restaurants across different countries. The franchise model enables local entrepreneurs to invest in the Burger King brand and benefit from its established reputation and support systems.
Franchisees receive training, marketing support, and operational guidance from the company to ensure consistency and quality across all Burger King locations.
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Select an organized criminal group of your choosing. Explain which group you have selected and why you have selected it.
Briefly describe the main types and/ or methods of criminal activity of the organized criminal group that you have selected.
Examine at least two of the types/ methods of criminal activity that you have selected through the lens of the Organized Crime Convention. In particular, identify a number of Convention provisions that we have examined during the course that are relevant to this criminal activity and explain how they apply to the facts of the organized criminal group you selected. [At least 500 words should focus on this aspect which requires the most discussion and analysis].
Organized criminal groups are among the most serious and dangerous criminal organizations. Such groups seek to acquire power and make money by engaging in a variety of criminal activities. They are characterized by their structure and code of conduct, as well as their capacity to execute violent acts.
This post will examine the Cosa Nostra crime organization and how it engages in various criminal activities.Types and methods of criminal activityCosa Nostra is a criminal organization that has its roots in Sicily, Italy, and has branches throughout the United States, South America, and Europe.
The group engages in a variety of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, loan sharking, money laundering, and extortion. Cosa Nostra members are identified by their black suits, black hats, and white scarves around their necks, as well as their oaths of loyalty, blood rituals, and secretive codes of conduct.
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Marketing Mix consists of the 4 P's. One of those P's is Place. Some of the most successful franchises in the US include restaurant and food chains like bway, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Burger King, and Dunkin' Donuts. Other types of successful franchise businesses include hotels, resorts, auto rentals, shipping mpanies, gyms, and cleaning companies. Franchise is the most common type of ESTION: Identify the type of vertical marketing system that fills in the blank above
The type of vertical marketing system that fills in the blank is "corporate vertical marketing system." In a corporate vertical marketing system, a parent company owns and operates different levels of the distribution channel.
In the case of franchises, the parent company (franchisor) grants the right to independent individuals or businesses (franchisees) to operate under its established brand and business model.
The franchisor exercises control over various aspects of the franchise operation, including product development, marketing, and distribution. This allows for consistency in the brand image, customer experience, and overall business strategy across multiple locations.
Franchises like Subway, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Burger King, and Dunkin' Donuts operate under a corporate vertical marketing system. The parent company retains a high level of control over the franchise operations, ensuring that the brand's standards and guidelines are followed. This centralized control contributes to the success of these franchise businesses by maintaining a consistent brand image, product quality, and customer experience across their network of locations.
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21- What are the accounting conventions? Explain All. 22- How to compute direct labor cost variance? Explain.
21- Accounting conventions are principles like historical cost, going concern, monetary unit, revenue recognition, and matching that guide financial reporting consistency.
22- Direct labor cost variance is computed by subtracting the actual labor cost from the standard labor cost to assess the difference.
21- Accounting conventions are a set of principles and guidelines that help guide the preparation and presentation of financial statements. These conventions ensure consistency, comparability, and reliability in financial reporting. The main accounting conventions include:
a) Historical Cost Convention: This convention states that assets should be recorded at their original cost when acquired, regardless of their current market value.
b) Going Concern Convention: This convention assumes that the entity will continue its operations in the foreseeable future. It implies that assets and liabilities should be recorded based on the assumption that the business will continue operating rather than being liquidated.
c) Monetary Unit Convention: This convention assumes that financial transactions should be recorded and reported in a stable and universally accepted currency, such as the U.S. dollar or Euro.
d) Revenue Recognition Convention: This convention outlines the principles for recognizing revenue in financial statements. It typically requires revenue to be recognized when it is earned and realized or realizable.
e) Matching Convention: This convention requires expenses to be recognized in the same accounting period as the revenues they help generate, following the principle of matching costs with revenues.
22- The direct labor cost variance is computed by comparing the actual cost of direct labor with the standard cost of direct labor. The standard cost represents the predetermined cost per unit of labor, and the variance helps assess the difference between the expected and actual labor costs.
To compute the direct labor cost variance, follow these steps:
1. Determine the standard labor cost per unit: This involves setting a standard labor rate and estimating the standard labor hours required per unit of production.
2. Multiply the standard labor cost per unit by the actual number of units produced to find the standard labor cost for the actual production level.
3. Calculate the actual labor cost incurred: Multiply the actual labor rate by the actual number of labor hours worked.
4. Compute the direct labor cost variance: Subtract the standard labor cost from the actual labor cost to find the variance.
Direct Labor Cost Variance = Actual Labor Cost - Standard Labor Cost
A positive variance indicates that the actual labor cost is higher than the standard, while a negative variance suggests that the actual labor cost is lower than the standard. Analyzing labor cost variances helps identify inefficiencies, evaluate performance, and make necessary adjustments in labor management or cost estimation.
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In an economic order quantity problem, the total annual cost curve is at its maximum where the holding costs equal the setup costs. O True O False
False. The total annual cost curve is at its minimum where the holding costs equal the setup costs.
The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the optimal order size that minimizes the total annual cost of ordering and holding inventory.
The total annual cost curve includes both the setup costs - the costs of placing an order - and the holding costs - the costs of carrying inventory. The curve starts high at low order quantities due to high setup costs and increases sharply at higher order quantities due to high holding costs.
It reaches a minimum point where the holding costs equal the setup costs, and then starts to increase again due to diminishing economies of scale.
Therefore, the total annual cost curve is at its minimum where the holding costs equal the setup costs, not at its maximum as suggested in the statement.
This optimal point can be calculated by using the EOQ formula, which takes into account the variables of demand, setup costs, holding costs, and unit price.
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The following standard costs per unit, of one product, have been taken from the records of Bahraim Company Direct materials 5 kgs at $3 per kg. Direct labor 2.5 hours at $10 per hour Actual data for last month. Units produced: 12,000 Direct materials used 35,000 kgs Direct labor hours: 22,000 Direct labor rate per hour $9 Direct material price: $4 per kg Direct matenals purchased: 100,000 kgs Required: (a) Compute the price and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor. Direct material price variance to be calculated at the time of purchase. (5 marks) (b) Prepare the journal entries to record the price and efficiency variances for direct matenals and direct labor
To calculate the price and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor, we can use the given standard costs per unit and actual data for last month.
(a) Price and Efficiency Variances:
Direct Materials:
Standard Quantity = 5 kgs per unit
Standard Price = $3 per kg
Actual Quantity Used = 35,000 kgs
Actual Price = $4 per kg
Price Variance = (Actual Price - Standard Price) * Actual Quantity Used
Price Variance = ($4 - $3) * 35,000 kgs = $35,000 (Favorable)
Efficiency Variance = (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity Used) * Standard Price
Efficiency Variance = (5 kgs - 35,000 kgs) * $3 = -$104,985 (Unfavorable)
Direct Labor:
Standard Hours = 2.5 hours per unit
Standard Rate = $10 per hour
Actual Labor Hours = 22,000 hours
Actual Rate = $9 per hour
Price Variance = (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) * Actual Labor Hours
Price Variance = ($9 - $10) * 22,000 hours = -$22,000 (Unfavorable)
Efficiency Variance = (Standard Hours - Actual Labor Hours) * Standard Rate
Efficiency Variance = (2.5 hours - 22,000 hours) * $10 = $219,975 (Favorable)
(b) Journal Entries for Price and Efficiency Variances:
Direct Materials:
To record the price variance:
[tex]Debit Materials Price Variance: \textdollar35,000\\\\Credit Accounts Payable: \textdollar35,000[/tex]
To record the efficiency variance:
[tex]Debit Materials Efficiency Variance: \textdollar104,985\\\\Credit Work in Process: \textdollar104,985[/tex]
Direct Labor:
To record the price variance:
[tex]Debit Labor Price Variance: \textdollar22,000\\\\Credit Accrued Wages: \textdollar22,000[/tex]
To record the efficiency variance:
[tex]Debit Labor Efficiency Variance: \textdollar219,975\\\\Credit Work in Process: \textdollar219,975[/tex]
These journal entries reflect the recording of price and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor. The variances are allocated to the appropriate accounts, such as Materials Price Variance, Materials Efficiency Variance, Labor Price Variance, and Labor Efficiency Variance.
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A retail company would like to operate online. The manager
contacted you to develop an E-Commerce site. Detail the components
a charter for this project.
A project charter for developing an E-Commerce site for a retail company would include components such as project objectives, scope, stakeholders, deliverables, timelines, resources, and success criteria.
A project charter serves as a foundational document that outlines the key components and objectives of a project. In the case of developing an E-Commerce site for a retail company, the project charter would include the following components:
Project Objectives: Clearly define the goals and objectives of the project, such as creating a user-friendly and secure online platform for the retail company to sell products and provide a seamless shopping experience for customers.
Scope: Define the boundaries and scope of the project, specifying the features, functionalities, and integration requirements of the E-Commerce site, such as product catalog management, shopping cart functionality, payment gateways, inventory management, and order processing.
Stakeholders: Identify the key stakeholders involved in the project, including the retail company's management, IT team, designers, developers, marketing team, and potentially external vendors or consultants.
Deliverables: Clearly articulate the deliverables and outcomes of the project, such as a fully functional E-Commerce website with responsive design, secure payment processing, and integration with backend systems.
Timelines: Define the project timeline, including key milestones and deadlines for each phase of development, testing, and deployment, ensuring a realistic and achievable schedule.
Resources: Identify the necessary resources for the project, including human resources (developers, designers, content creators), technological resources (hardware, software, hosting), and any external resources or third-party integrations required.
Success Criteria: Establish measurable success criteria for the project, such as achieving a certain number of online orders per month, increasing website traffic, or improving customer satisfaction ratings.
By documenting these components in the project charter, the manager and project team can align their expectations, define the project scope, and have a clear roadmap for successful development and implementation of the E-Commerce site.
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The demand equation for a product is q=√100−p and the supply equation is q=p/2−10. Determine the consumers' surplus and producers' surplus under market equilibrium.
The consumers' surplus is approximately 517.27 and the producers' surplus is 400.
To determine the consumers' surplus and producers' surplus under market equilibrium, we first need to find the equilibrium price and quantity by setting the demand and supply equations equal to each other:
√100 - p = p/2 - 10
Solving this equation, we find that the equilibrium price is p = 40. Substituting this price into either the demand or supply equation, we can find the equilibrium quantity:
q = √100 - 40 = √60 ≈ 7.75
Now, let's calculate the consumers' surplus and producers' surplus.
Consumers' Surplus:
To calculate the consumers' surplus, we need to find the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price line. Since the demand equation is non-linear, we'll use calculus to find the area under the demand curve:
CS = ∫[p=0 to p=40] (√100 - p) dp
= [2/3(p(100-p)^(3/2)) + 200/3(sqrt(100) - sqrt(100 - p))] from 0 to 40
≈ 517.27
Producers' Surplus:
To calculate the producers' surplus, we need to find the area between the supply curve and the equilibrium price line. Again, using calculus, we find:
PS = ∫[p=0 to p=40] (p/2 - 10) dp
= [1/4(p^2 - 20p)] from 0 to 40
= 400
Therefore, the consumers' surplus is approximately 517.27 and the producers' surplus is 400.
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Identify the false statement. a. The productivity increases in manufacturing sector in the USA during the industrial era can be attributed to automation, technology advances, and business process reengineering (BPR). O b. In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, if the value of Mu (μ) exceeds the value of lambda (X), then no queue will form. c. For a single-queue, single-server queuing system, the value of lambda (X) may exceed that of Mu (μ). d. The SERVQUAL model can be used to assess customer satisfaction based on service quality gaps.
The false statement is: b. In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, if the value of Mu (μ) exceeds the value of lambda (X), then no queue will form.
In the given options, statement b is false. In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, if the arrival rate (lambda, λ) is greater than the service rate (Mu, μ), a queue will form. This is because the rate at which customers arrive exceeds the rate at which they can be served, leading to a buildup of customers in the queue.
In a single-queue, single-server queuing system, the relationship between the arrival rate (lambda, λ) and the service rate (Mu, μ) determines the behavior of the system. If the arrival rate is higher than the service rate, a queue will form and customers will experience waiting times. If the arrival rate is lower than the service rate, the system operates under capacity, and customers do not have to wait.
The other statements in options a, c, and d are true. Option a correctly identifies the factors contributing to increased productivity in the manufacturing sector during the industrial era. Option c acknowledges that the arrival rate (lambda, λ) can exceed the service rate (Mu, μ) in a queuing system. Option d refers to the SERVQUAL model, which is indeed used to assess customer satisfaction based on service quality gaps.
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economic efficiency requires that a natural monopoly's price be set corresponding to the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
In economics, a natural monopoly occurs when a single firm can serve the entire market at a lower cost than multiple competing firms. In such cases, economic efficiency suggests that the price set by the natural monopoly should correspond to the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
The concept of marginal revenue (MR) refers to the additional revenue generated from selling one additional unit of a product or service. Marginal cost (MC) represents the additional cost incurred in producing one extra unit. Setting the price at the level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost ensures that the natural monopoly maximizes its profits while minimizing the deadweight loss associated with monopolistic pricing. If the price is set higher than the marginal cost, it would lead to a reduction in consumer surplus and overall economic welfare.
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Which of the following costs is categorized as direct cost?
Variable overhead
Utilities (e.g., cost of electricity)
Maintenance cost
None of the above
Among the options provided, the cost categorized as a direct cost is "None of the above." Direct costs are expenses that can be specifically and easily attributed to a particular product,
service, or cost object. They are directly associated with the production or provision of a specific item or activity. Examples of direct costs include direct labor costs, direct materials costs, and direct expenses directly linked to a specific product or project.
Let's analyze the options given: Variable overhead: Variable overhead costs are indirect costs. They are expenses that cannot be easily traced to a specific product or activity but vary with the level of production or operation.
Utilities (e.g., cost of electricity): Utility costs are generally considered indirect costs. While they are necessary for the operation of the overall business, they are usually allocated to different cost centers or departments rather than directly assigned to a specific product or project.
Maintenance cost: Maintenance costs are also indirect costs. They typically involve the general upkeep, repair, and servicing of various assets and facilities within a business.
Like utility costs, maintenance expenses are often allocated across different areas of the organization rather than directly assigned to specific products. Therefore, none of the options provided (variable overhead, utilities, maintenance cost) are categorized as direct costs.
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According to Figure 8.1, some of the things to look for in identifying a diversified company's strategy include o the technological proficiencies and labor skill requirements of each of the firm's businesses and the competitive strategy each business is employing. o each business's competitive approach (low-cost provider, broad differentiation, best-cost, focused differentiation, or focused low-cost), whether its products are sold under the same brand or different brands, and whether its businesses are mostly cash cows or mostly cash hogs. o the recent moves it has made to divest weak businesses, build positions in new industries, and strengthen the positions of its existing businesses and whether the company's diversification is based narrowly in a few industries or broadly in many industries. o the actions top management is taking to capture economies of scale and economies of scope and the company's recent moves to divest its cash hogs. o whether the company is focusing on "milking its cash cows" or "feeding its cash hogs" and whether it is pursuing the same or different competitive strategies in each of its business units.
- The technological proficiencies and labor skill requirements of each of the firm's business and the competitive strategy each business is employing.-
Each business's competitive approach (low-cost provider, broad differentiation, best-cost, focused differentiation, or focused low-cost), whether its products are sold under the same brand or different brands, and whether its businesses are mostly cash cows or mostly cash hogs.
- The recent moves it has made to divest weak business , build positions in new industries, and strengthen the positions of its existing businesses, and whether the company's diversification is based narrowly in a few industries or broadly in many industries.- The actions top management is taking to capture economies of scale and economies of scope and the company's recent moves to divest its cash hogs.
- Whether the company is focusing on "milking its cash cows" or "feeding its cash hogs" and whether it is pursuing the same or different competitive strategies in each of its business units.
These factors help in understanding the diversification strategy of a company and how it manages its various businesses within the portfolio.
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Are there any defences to the offence of
insider trading? (5 marks)
(Based on Australian law)
Hints: Diligent Investor
Yes, there are some defences to the offence of insider trading under Australian law.
These are the following:
Defense 1: Diligent Investor DefenceIf the person accused of insider trading can prove that they traded on the basis of information that is generally available to the public and that a reasonable person in their position would have made the same trade, they may be able to raise a defence to the insider trading charge.
Defense 2: Pre-existing Instruction DefenceIf the person can demonstrate that they gave a pre-existing instruction to trade, before they became aware of the inside information that they later traded on, they may have a defence to the insider trading charge. This instruction must be such that they could not have been aware of the inside information at the time they gave the instruction.
Defense 3: Unaware of the Inside Information DefenceIf the person can show that they were unaware of the inside information that they traded on, they may have a defence to the insider trading charge. This means that they did not know, and were not reckless as to whether the information was inside information.
Defense 4: Exclusion of Information DefenceIf the person can show that the inside information was excluded from their information, then they may have a defence to the insider trading charge.
Defense 5: Market Integrity DefenceIf the insider trading can be shown to have been necessary for the maintenance of a fair and efficient market, then there may be a defence to the insider trading charge. This defence is a narrow one, and it is difficult to satisfy the requirements for this defence.
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For a process with a centered mean to achieve three-sigma quality, how many standard deviations (assuming its value is known or estimated) can be covered between the lower and upper specification limits (LSL and USL)? 1 2 12 6 3 A supplier claims to have a product specification of 5 +0.1 kg in weight. According to its machine operator's record, the production process actually has the sample mean of 5.02 kg and a standard deviation of 0.04 kg. Calculate the process capability index for this supplier. What is your conclusion of the supplier's quality performance? Cpk - 0.67, the process has not even reached a 3-sigma quality Cpk = 1.33, the process has achieved a 6-sigma quality Cpk = 1.33, the process has achieved a 3-sigma quality Cpk - 2, the process has achieved a 6-sigma quality Cpk - 2. the process has achieved a 3-sigma quality
To achieve three-sigma quality, a process with a centered mean should cover 6 standard deviations between the lower and upper specification limits (LSL and USL).
In the given example, the process has a specification of 5 + 0.1 kg, which means the LSL is 4.9 kg and the USL is 5.1 kg. The sample mean of the production process is 5.02 kg, and the standard deviation is 0.04 kg.
To calculate the process capability index (Cpk), we need to determine the process capability ratio (Cp) first using the formula:
Cp = (USL - LSL) / (6 * standard deviation)
Cp = (5.1 - 4.9) / (6 * 0.04)
= 0.2 / 0.24
≈ 0.83
Once we have Cp, we can calculate Cpk using the formula:
Cpk = min((USL - mean) / (3 * standard deviation), (mean - LSL) / (3 * standard deviation))
Cpk = min((5.1 - 5.02) / (3 * 0.04), (5.02 - 4.9) / (3 * 0.04))
= min(0.08 / 0.12, 0.12 / 0.12)
= min(0.67, 1)
= 0.67
Therefore, the process capability index (Cpk) for this supplier is 0.67.
Based on this result, the correct conclusion would be:
Cpk = 0.67, the process has not even reached a 3-sigma quality.
This indicates that the process is not capable of consistently producing within the specified limits. The variability of the process is such that it falls short of achieving even a 3-sigma level of quality. Further improvements are needed to enhance the process capability and reduce variation.
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In the monopolistic competition model, would you expect prices to be higher or lower when a country moves from autarky to free trade? Why?
In the monopolistic competition model, prices are generally expected to be lower when a country moves from autarky (closed economy) to free trade (open economy).
In monopolistic competition, firms have some degree of market power and can differentiate their products. When a country moves from autarky to free trade, it opens up its market to foreign competition. This increased competition leads to a greater variety of products and more choices for consumers.
Firms, in order to attract customers, need to lower their prices to remain competitive. As a result, prices tend to decrease in a monopolistically competitive market under free trade compared to a closed economy.
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Assume that you are considering purchasing some of a company's long-term bonds as an investment. Which of the company's financial statement ratios would you probably be most interested in?
A) Plant assets to long-term liabilities
B) Debt to assets ratio
C) Debt to equity
D) All of these answers are correct
As an investor considering purchasing some of a company's long-term bonds as an investment, I will probably be most interested in the Debt to assets ratio of the company's financial statement ratios.
This is because the Debt to assets ratio compares the total amount of debt to the total amount of assets that a company has, making it a measure of a company’s solvency. It indicates what proportion of the company's assets have been financed with borrowed money or debt.Bondholders, lenders, and investors are interested in the Debt to assets ratio as it measures a company's overall leverage. It shows how much of the company's assets have been paid for by borrowed funds, which is crucial because companies with a higher debt to asset ratio have more debt relative to their assets. A higher debt to asset ratio implies a higher financial risk for the bondholders as well as lenders.Hence, as an investor considering purchasing some of a company's long-term bonds as an investment, I will probably be most interested in the Debt to assets ratio of the company's financial statement ratios.
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darwin’s slow and steady process of change is called gradualism or darwinism. 1.True 2. False
The given statement "Darwin’s slow and steady process of change is called gradualism or Darwinism" is true. Darwin's slow and steady process of change is called Gradualism.
Darwinism is the term that is used to define the theory of evolution that is based on the natural selection process. Gradualism or phyletic gradualism is the term used to describe the evolution of species by gradual change over long periods of time. Gradualism is a slow and steady process of change that occurs in species over many generations, it is a long-term process.
Gradualism or Darwinism is a theory based on Darwin's theory of natural selection. According to the theory, natural selection is a slow and steady process of change that occurs in species over many generations. It is a long-term process that occurs gradually over time.
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Keesha Company borrows $160,000 cash on November 1 of the current year by signing a 120-day, 12%, $160,000 note 1. On what date does this note mature? 2. & 3. What is the amount of interest expense in the current year and the following year from this note? 4. Prepare journal entries to record (a) issuance of the note, (b) accrual of interest on December 31, and (c) payment of the note at maturity. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Req 1 Req 2 and 3 Req 4 On what date does this note mature? (Assume that February has 28 days.) On what date does this note mature? Ren 1 Req 2 and
Keesha Company borrows $160,000 cash on November 1 of the current year by signing a 120-day, 12%, $160,000 note. Following are the answers to the given requirements:The date on which the note matures is 120 days from November 1.
Since November has 30 days, December has 31 days and January has 31 days and February (120-30-31-31) has 28 days. Therefore, the maturity date is February 28. Req 2 and 3: What is the amount of interest expense in the current year and the following year from this note?As given in the question, the interest rate on the note is 12% per annum. The interest expense in the current year (which ends on December 31) can be calculated using the following formula:Interest expense = Principal × Rate × Time= $160,000 × 12% × 2/12= $3,200
The interest expense in the following year (which starts from January 1) is also $3,200 because the note is fully matured on February 28, and there are no remaining interest-bearing days. Req 4: Prepare journal entries to record (a) issuance of the note, (b) accrual of interest on December 31, and (c) payment of the note at maturity.(a) Issuance of the note: 28 Notes payable $160,000 Interest payable $3,200 Cash $ 163,200 Note that the Interest payable account is credited in the journal entry (b) and debited in the journal entry (c). This is because the interest is payable at December 31 but is not actually paid until maturity. Therefore, at December 31, the company records an interest expense and an interest payable liability. At maturity, the company pays the principal plus interest, and the interest payable liability is reduced to zero.
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Timber Inc. invested profits of $160,000.00 in a GIC at 5.53% compounded monthly. How long would it take for the investment to grow to a value of at least $263,000.00?
it would take approximately 8.57 years for the investment to grow to a value of at least $263,000.00 when compounded monthly at a rate of 5.53%.
To calculate the time it would take for the investment to grow to at least $263,000.00, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate/Number of Compounding Periods)²(Number of Compounding Periods * Time)
In this case:
Present Value = $160,000.00
Future Value = $263,000.00
Interest Rate = 5.53% (or 0.0553 in decimal form)
Number of Compounding Periods = 12 (monthly compounding)
Let's solve for the time (T):
$263,000.00 = $160,000.00 * (1 + 0.0553/12)^(12 * T)
Dividing both sides by $160,000.00:
1.64375 = (1.0046083)^(12 * T)
Taking the logarithm of both sides:
log(1.64375) = log((1.0046083)²(12 * T))
Using logarithmic properties:
log(1.64375) = 12 * T * log(1.0046083)
Solving for T:
T = log(1.64375) / (12 * log(1.0046083))
Calculating this expression:
T ≈ 8.57
Therefore, it would take approximately 8.57 years for the investment to grow to a value of at least $263,000.00 when compounded monthly at a rate of 5.53%.
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The following table snows the annual average data on the employment status of the U.S. civilian noninstitutional population by age in 2016. Employed Unemployed Not in Labor Force Age (Thousands of People) (Thousands of People) (Thousands of people) 16 to 19 years 4,965 925 10,824 20 to 24 years 14,027 1,286 6,408 25 to 54 years 98,004 4,244 23,513 55 to 64 years 25,524 941 14,843 65 years and over 8,916 355 38,763 Total 151,436 7,751 94,351 Source: "Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey."Bureau of Labor Statistics. What is the national unemployment rate? O 3.1% 4.9% O 8.2% O 59.3% Complete the following table by computing the unemployment rate for each age group. Age Unemployment Rate 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Which of the following groups has an unemployment rate lower than the national average unemployment rate? Check all that apply. 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over
The national unemployment rate is 4.9%. The age groups with unemployment rates lower than the national average are 16 to 19 years and 20 to 24 years.
To calculate the unemployment rate, we need to divide the number of unemployed individuals by the total labor force (employed + unemployed) and multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage.
For the national unemployment rate, we sum up the number of unemployed individuals across all age groups and divide it by the total labor force:
National Unemployment Rate = (Total Unemployed / Total Labor Force) * 100
Using the given data, the total unemployed individuals are 7,751, and the total labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed individuals, which is 151,436 + 7,751 = 159,187.
National Unemployment Rate = (7,751 / 159,187) * 100 = 4.9%
To calculate the unemployment rate for each age group, we divide the number of unemployed individuals in each age group by the total labor force in that age group:
Unemployment Rate = (Unemployed in Age Group / Total Labor Force in Age Group) * 100
For the age groups:
16 to 19 years: Unemployed = 925, Total Labor Force = 4,965 + 925 = 5,890
Unemployment Rate = (925 / 5,890) * 100 ≈ 15.7%
20 to 24 years: Unemployed = 1,286, Total Labor Force = 14,027 + 1,286 = 15,313
Unemployment Rate = (1,286 / 15,313) * 100 ≈ 8.4%
25 to 54 years: Unemployed = 4,244, Total Labor Force = 98,004 + 4,244 = 102,248
Unemployment Rate = (4,244 / 102,248) * 100 ≈ 4.2%
55 to 64 years: Unemployed = 941, Total Labor Force = 25,524 + 941 = 26,465
Unemployment Rate = (941 / 26,465) * 100 ≈ 3.6%
65 years and over: Unemployed = 355, Total Labor Force = 8,916 + 355 = 9,271
Unemployment Rate = (355 / 9,271) * 100 ≈ 3.8%
The national unemployment rate is 4.9%. The age groups with unemployment rates lower than the national average are 16 to 19 years (15.7%) and 20 to 24 years (8.4%).
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Marion has requested your advice in relation to her goal of continuing to self fund her retirement. Marion is aged 65 and, for planning purposes, expects to continue as a self funded retiree for another 30 years. Marion has identified two key issues for you to address:
Issue 2: Estimated superannuation requirement to support 30 years
Calculate the required superannuation fund amount to support a net income requirement of AUD75,000 per annum for 30 years. Assume the net income requirement does not change and the fund generates a constant return of 5% per annum. Ignore fees and taxes. Show your answer in millions to one decimal place (for example, AUD2.1 million). (3 marks)
To calculate the required superannuation fund amount to support a net income requirement of AUD 75,000 per annum for 30 years, we can use the concept of the present value of an annuity.
Given:
Net income requirement per annum: AUD 75,000
Number of years: 30
Return on the fund: 5% per annum
We can determine the present value of the net income requirement using the formula:
Present Value = Net Income Requirement × (1 - (1 + Return Rate)^(-Number of Years)) / Return Rate
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × (1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-30)) / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × (1 - (1.05)^(-30)) / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × (1 - 0.1296) / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 75,000 × 0.8704 / 0.05
Present Value = AUD 1,305,600
Therefore, the required superannuation fund amount to support a net income requirement of AUD 75,000 per annum for 30 years is approximately AUD 1.3 million (rounded to one decimal place).
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