Rusting of Iron is the formation of rust which is characterized by formation of layer of red colour. Formula of Rust is Ferric Oxide (Fe₂O₃) where iron exhibits oxidation state of +3.
Following are the indicators of rusting:
Colour change to redSolid formationFlaky substances crumbling into powderEven if the Reddish brown rust is not visible on the iron surface, then also Ferroxyl Indicator turns blue in presence of Iron ions.
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Calculate the ph of a solution formed by mixing 250. 0 ml of 0. 15 m nh4cl with 200. 0 ml of 0. 12 m nh3. the kb for nh3 is 1. 8 × 10-5.
i. 9. 45
ii. 4. 74
iii. 9. 06
iv. 04. 55
v. 9. 26
The potential of the hydrogen in water gives the pH of the acidity and basicity of the solution. The pH of the solution is 9.06. Thus, option iii is correct.
What is pH?The pH of a substance is given by the subtraction of the pOH from 14 which is the range of the pH scale.
The dissociation reaction for ammonia is given as,
NH₃ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇄ NH₄⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq)
Here, the concentration of ammonia is [NH₃] - x, ammonium ion is [NH₄⁺] + x, and hydroxide ion is x.
The molar concentration of ammonia is,
M = (0.12 M × 0.2 L) ÷ 0.45 L = 0.053 M
The molar concentration of ammonium ion is,
M = (0.15 M × 0.25 L) ÷ 0.45 L = 0.083 M
From the base dissociation constant and previous concentration from the reaction, the value of x or hydroxide ion is calculated as,
Kb = [NH₄⁺][OH⁻] ÷ [NH₃]
1.8 × 10⁻⁵ (0.053 - x) - (0.083 + x) × x = 0
x = [OH⁻] = 1.15 x 10⁻⁵
The pH from the hydroxide ion is calculated as,
pOH = - log [OH⁻]
= - log (1.15 x 10⁻⁵)
= 4.94
Further,
pH = 14 - pOH
= 14 - 4.94
= 9.06
Therefore, option iii. 9.06 is the pH of the solution.
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What mass of silver can be plated onto an object in 33. 5 minutes at 8. 70 a of current? ag (aq) e- → ag(s) 19. 6 g 9. 78 g 0. 326 g 3. 07 g 0. 102 g
Mass of silver can be plated onto an object in 33. 5 minutes at 8. 70 a of current is 19.55 g
Given, I=8.70A, t=33.5min=33.5*60=2010 sec, m of Ag = 19600g M=107.87 g/mol
From faradays law we can write q=I*t= 8.70*2010=17487 C.
moles of Ag =17487/ 19600=0.1812 moles
Ag deposited = 0.1812*107.87 = 19.55 g
SilverHaving the atomic number 47 and the Latin word argentum, which means "bright" or "white," silver is a chemical element. Its symbol is Ag. The highest electrical, thermal, and reflectivity of any metal are displayed by this transition metal, which is soft, white, and lustrous. The metal can be found in the Earth's crust in three different forms: as an alloy with other metals like gold and in minerals like argentite and chlorargyrite. It can also be found in its pure, free elemental form, also known as "native silver." During the refining of copper, gold, lead, and zinc, the majority of silver is created as a byproduct. As a valuable metal, silver has long been treasured.
What mass of silver can be plated onto an object in 33. 5 minutes at 8. 70 a of current? ag (aq) e- → ag(s) 19. 6 g 9. 78 g 0. 326 g 3. 07 g 0. 102 g
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Given the following reaction: 2O3---->3O2. DeltaH of reaction=-286kJ/mol
What is the Delta H reaction of the reaction 3O2----->2O3
The enthalpy of reaction (ΔH) of the above chemical reaction is equal to -143 kJ/mol.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process that involves the continuous transformation (rearrangement) of the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element by breaking down and forming chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound while new bonds are formed.
What is a balanced equation?A balanced chemical equation can be defined as a chemical equation wherein the number of atoms on the reactant (left) side is equal to the number of atoms on the product (right) side.
Next, we would write the properly balanced chemical equation for this chemical reaction:
3/2O₂ -----> 2/2O₃
Therefore, the enthalpy of reaction (ΔH) of the above chemical reaction is half the enthalpy of reaction (ΔH) of the initial chemical reaction:
Enthalpy of reaction (ΔH) = ½ × -286 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of reaction (ΔH) = -143 kJ/mol.
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An aqueous solution of isopropanol (mm = 60.10 g/mol) has a molality of 12.79 m and a density of 1.180 g/ml. what is the molarity of isopropanol in the solution?
The molarity of an aqueous solution of isopropanol = 15.09 mol/L
Molality = 12.79 m
This gives that 12.79 moles of isopropanol is dissolved in 1000 grams of water.
Density = 1.180 g/mL
We know that,
Density= mass/volume
volume = mass/density
= 1000/1.180
Volume = 847.46 ml
Molarity can be defined as the mass of solute per liter of the solution.
Molarity = moles × 1000/volume ------> (1)
The moles of isopropanol in 847.46 ml solution is 12.79.
On substituting in (1)
Molarity = 12.79 × 1000/847.46
Molarity= 15.09 mol/L
The molarity of aqueous solution of isopropanol is 15.09 mol/L
What is molality?
The number of moles of solute in a solution equal to 1 kg or 1000 g of solvent is referred to as its molality.
What is molarity?The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another name for molarity.To learn more about molality visit:
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What do the electron configurations for all the group 18 noble gases have in common?
Electron configurations for all the group 18 noble gases have eight electrons in their valence shell in common.
Noble gases are the gases that contain Eight electrons in their valence shells and are placed in Group 18 of the periodic table. The octet of Noble gases is complete. They are inert in nature since they have complete valence shells. They are not much abundant in nature due to their inert behaviour.
They are stable and realtively unreactive as compared to other members of the peiodic table.
Some other factors that remain common for noble gases:
High Ionisation energyNegligible ELectronegativityLow boiling pointsPsitive Elevtron gain enthalpyGases at Room temperatureLearn more about Noble gases here,
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0. 34 ll of hno3hno3 is titrated to equivalence using 0. 14 ll of 0. 1 mnaohmnaoh. what is the concentration of the hno3hno3 ?
When 0.34 of HNO₃ is titrated to equivalence using 0.14 l of 0.1 m NaOH then the concentration of HNO₃ is 0.041 M
The reaction of neutralization of HNO₃ with NaOH is
HNO₃ + NaOH → H₂O + NaNo₃
When 1 mole of HNO₃ react with 1 mole of NaOH, based on chemical rection the moles of NaOH at equivalence point are equal to moles of HNO₃ present in solution: -
With the mole and volumes, we can find molarity as follows:
Moles of NaOH = moles HNO₃
⁼ 0.14 L X (0.1 mol NaOH/L) = 0.014 mole NaOH
=0.014 mol HNO₃
Molarity: -
[tex]\frac{(Mole of HNO₃)}{(volume of HNO₃)}= \frac{0.014}{0.34}[/tex]
= 0.041 M
Thus, from above solution we concluded that the concentration of HNO₃ solution is 0.041 M.
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Identify the compound that would have the highest osmotic pressure when dissolved in water. nacl k2so4 mgcl2 fecl3 mgso4
The compound that would have the highest osmotic pressure when dissolved in water is [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] .
So, option D is correct one.
The dissociation of one molecule of [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] gives the maximum number of ions when dissolved in water ( 4 ions ) . Osmotic pressure is a colligative property and depends upon number of solute particles present in the solution . The solution having maximum number of solute particles will have maximum number of the osmotic pressure .
All other given molecules gives less number of number of ions when dissolved in water as compare to of [tex]FeCl_{3}[/tex] .
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A current of 5. 68 a is passed through a Fe(NO3)2 solution. How long, in hours, would this current have to be applied to plate out 7. 20 g of iron?
There are 1.2 hr would this current have to be applied to plate out 7. 20 g of iron .
Calculation ,
Given ; Current ( I ) = 5. 68 A
In [tex]Fe(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex] , the valancy of Fe is +2 .
2 moles of [tex]e^{-}[/tex] are required for the decomposition of 1 mole of Fe .
7. 20 g of Fe in moles = 7. 20 g /55.845 g/mol =0.12 mole
x moles of [tex]e^{-}[/tex] are required for the decomposition of 0.128 mole of Fe .
moles of [tex]e^{-}[/tex] are required = 0.256 moles
Charge on 1 mole of [tex]e^{-}[/tex] = 96500 C
Charge on 0.256 mole of [tex]e^{-}[/tex] = 24704 C
Current ( I )= Q/t
t =Q / I = 24704 C/5. 68 A = 4349 sec = 1.2 hr
Therefore , there are 1.2 hr would this current have to be applied to plate out 7. 20 g of iron .
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What point defects are possible for al2o3 as an impurity in mgo? how many al3 ions must be added to form each of these defects?
Point defects are possible for al2o3 as an impurity in mgo. then 2 Al3+ must be added to form 1 Mg2+ must be added to form each of these defects
Point defects are zero-dimensional lattice defects, meaning they lack lattice structure in any dimension. Impurity atoms in a pure metal, vacancies, and self-interstitials are examples of common point defects.
Point defects are zero-dimensional lattice defects, which means they lack any kind of lattice structure. Point defects include, but are not limited to, atoms of impurity in a pure metal, vacancies, and self-interstitials.
The term "point defect" refers to the flaw or imperfection that results from the placement of a point-like constituent particle, such as an atom, an ion, or a molecule, in a crystalline structure.
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The ratios aren't matching, how do I find correct ratios?
overall equation is ,
2FeSo4+heat→Fe203+SO2+SO3
What is Decomposition Reaction ?Decomposition reaction is when Reactant break down into simpler parts .
For decomposition reactions require energy input. The decomposition reaction happens in our everday life. The process of digestion food is a type of decomposition ,where breakdown of food from larger to smaller particles and large amount of energy release.
The decomposition is classified into
*thermolysis
*Electrolysis
*photolysis
The overall equation will be
2FeSo4+heat→Fe2O3+SO3+So2
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While working in a pharmaceutical laboratory, you need to prepare 1.50 L of a 2.20-M NaCl solution. What mass of NaCl would be required to prepare this solution
193 grams of NaCl are needed to make 1.50 L of a 2.20-M NaCl solution.
Calculation of the mass of NaCl required:
The only thing we need to know is that a solution's molarity informs us of the exact amount of moles of solute that are contained in 1 L of a solution.
In this situation, a NaCl (sodium chloride) solution with a 2.20-M concentration will have 2.20 moles of the solute (sodium chloride) in every 1 L of the solution.
The solution's molarity of 2.20 M requires that every 1 L of this solution include 2.20 moles of sodium chloride, which implies that every 1.50 L of this solution needs to contain
[tex]1.5 L solution .\frac{2.20 moles NaCl}{1L solution} = 3.30 moles NaCl[/tex]
Utilize the compound's molar mass to translate the amount of NaCl (sodium chloride) in moles to grams.
[tex]3.30 moles NaCl . \frac{58.4 gm}{1 mole NaCl} = 192.7 gm[/tex] ≈ 193 gm
Therefore it is concluded that the final answer is 193 gm.
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A piece of plastic has a net charge of 2. 00 μc. How many more protons than electrons does this piece of plastic have?
The piece of plastic has 1.256× 10¹³ protons more than that of electrons.
What are protons and electrons?A proton is a subatomic particle with a defined mass of 1 and a charge of +1 (positive charge). The symbol for the proton is either p or p+.
An electron is a subatomic particle that has a negative electric charge and that actively orbits the nucleus of the atom .
To calculate ,
given ,
magnitude of charge , q=+2μC=+2×10⁻⁶
Since, protons carry positive charge. Then, we know that standard number of proton in 1 Coulomb of charge is,
1C=6.28×10¹⁸ protons
Number of protons in 1 microcoulomb charge is,
=6.28×10¹⁸×10⁻⁶
=6.28×10¹²
Then for the net charge of q, the number of protons is given as,
np= q×6.28×10¹²
np= 2×6.28×10¹²
np=1.256×10¹³ protons
Thus, the piece of plastic has 1.256×10¹³ more protons than electrons.
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If the sodium oxide (Na2O) in soda-lime glass was replaced by potassium oxide (K2O), this would result in . . .
What best describes how chlorine molecules, cl2, would behave if mixed with water?
The chlorine molecules, cl2, would behave if mixed with water is best described by the polarity concept.
What is polarity?Polarity is a phenomena by which the dissolving power of any molecule can be known if they are polar will completely dissociate in water and if non polar will partially dissociate in water
Here chlorine is very poorly dissolve in water due to its non polar nature and water is polar. Some compounds are polar for short time of period and attend a partially positive and a partially negative charge within them.
Therefore, Cl2 is a non polar compound describes the polarity.
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A container holds 265 mL of chlorine gas (Cl2). If the gas sample is at standard temperature and pressure (STP), what is its mass in grams?
The mass, in grams, of the chlorine gas will be 0.84 grams
Mass of gases at STPAt standard temperature and pressure, 22.4 L of gas has 1 mole of the gas in it.
This time, what we have is 265 mL of the gas at STP. 265 ml is equivalent to: 265/1000 = 0.265 L
If.
22.4 L = 1 mole
Then,
0.265 L = 0.265 x 1/22.4 = 0.01183 moles
This means that 0.01183 moles of chlorine is present in the gas at STP.
Mass of 0.01183 moles of chlorine = moles x molar mass.
The molar mass of chlorine gas is 71
Mass of the chlorine gas = 0.01183 x 71 = 0.84 grams
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Perform the following operationand express the answer inscientific notation.7.00x10^5 - 5.00x10^4
Taking into account the scientific notation, the result of the subtraction is 6.5×10⁵.
Scientific notationFirst, remember that scientific notation is a quick way to represent a number using powers of base ten.
The numbers are written as a product:
a×10ⁿ
where:
a is a real number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10, to which a decimal point is added after the first digit if it is a non-integer number.n is an integer, which is called an exponent or an order of magnitude. Represents the number of times the comma is shifted. It is always an integer, positive if it is shifted to the left, negative if it is shifted to the right.Subtraction in scientific notationYou want to subtract two numbers in scientific notation. It should be noted that when the numbers to be added do not have the same base 10 exponent, the base 10 power with the highest exponent must be found. In this case, the highest exponent is 5.
Then all the values are expressed as a function of the base 10 exponent with the highest exponent. In this case: 5.00×10⁴=0.500×10⁵
Taking the quantities to the same exponent, all you have to do is subtract what was previously called the number "a". In this case:
7.00×10⁵ - 0.500×10⁵= (7.00- 0.500)×10⁵= 6.5×10⁵
Finally, the result of the subtraction is 6.5×10⁵.
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Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine?.
The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.
How much energy is released when water is formed and split?The decomposition of water:
H₂O → H₂ + O₂ Δ = +285.8 kJ/mol
The formation of water:
H₂ + O₂ → H₂O Δ = -285.8 kJ/mol
Endothermic water decomposition requires 285.8 kJ of energy input per mole of degraded water. One mole of water is created from hydrogen and oxygen in the opposite reaction, which is exothermic and produces 285.8 kJ of energy. The energy level is the same, but the energy change sign is different.
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What type of bond connects the fatty acid?
a. phosphate bond
b. amide bond
c. an ester bond
d. an amino bond
The type of bond connects the fatty acid will be " an ester bond".
Fatty acids could be joined to each of the three carbons of the glycerol molecule in a fat molecule by an ester bond that passes through into the oxygen atom. Three molecules are emitted during the establishment of the ester bond. Fats were also known as triacylglycerols as well as triglycerides because they are made consisting of three fatty acids and glycerol.
The three major nutrients in a diet may be carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. According to how many hydrogen bonds they contain, fats are classified as either saturated as well as unsaturated.
The type of bond connects the fatty acid will be " an ester bond".
Hence, the correct answer will be option (c)
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If the normal physiological concentration of hco3− is 24 mm , what is the ph of blood if pco2 drops to 35.0 mmhg ?
The pH of blood if pco2 drops to 35.0 mmhg is 7.459
The pH of the blood can be calculated using the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation, it explains the relation between acid dissociation constant pKa and pH in biological and chemical systems.
pH = pK + log ( HCO3- / ( 0.03 * PCO2 ) )
pK is 6.1 for bicarbonate buffer system.
HCO3- = 24mm
PCO2 = 35.0 mmhg
pH = 6.1 + log ( 24 / 0.03 * 35.0 )
= 6.1 + log ( 24 / 1.05 )
= 6.1 + log 22.8571
= 6.1 + 1.3590
= 7.459
Hence, the pH of blood is 7.459
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How many milliliters of a 9. 0 mh2so4 solution are needed to make 0. 45 l of a 3. 5 m solution?
There are 1157.14 milliliters of a 9. 0 M [tex]H_{2} SO_4}[/tex] solution are needed to make 0. 45 L of a 3. 5 M solution.
Calculation,
The formula for the dilution of a solution is given as:
[tex]M_{1} V_{1}[/tex] = [tex]M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
Where M is molarity and V is the volume of the solution in liters ( L ).
Given data,
[tex]M_{1}[/tex] = 9. 0 M
[tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 0. 45 L
[tex]M_{2}[/tex] = 3. 5 M
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = ?
9. 0 M ×0. 45 = 3. 5 M × [tex]V_{2}[/tex]
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] in Lit = 9. 0 M ×0. 45/ 3. 5 M = 1.15 L
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] in the ml = 1.15 × 1000ml = 1157.14 ml
Volume in milliliters is 1157.14 .
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Choose the chemical equation that is correctly balanced. 2ca(s) cl2(g) → cacl2(s) 4mg(s) o2(g) → 2mgo(s) li(s) cl2(g) → 2licl(s) c(s) o2(g) → co2(g)
Calculate the ph of a 0.377 m solution of ethylenediamine ( h2nch2ch2nh2 ). the pa values for the acidic form of ethylenediamine ( h 3nch2ch2nh 3 ) are 6.848 ( pa1 ) and 9.928 ( pa2 ).
The final answer is 11.71
The concentration of a given solution (H2NCH2CH2NH2) is 0.314 M
pa1 = 6.848
a1 = 1.42 X [tex]10^{-7}[/tex]
Pa2 = 9.928
a2 = 1.18 X [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]
The equation is given as;
NH2CH2CH2NH2 + H2O ---> NH2CH2CH2NH3+ + OH-
Initial 0.314 0 0
Change -x +x +x
Equilibrium 0.314 -x x x
b1 = Kw / Ka2 = 10^-14 / 1.18 X 10^-10 = 8.47 X 10^-5 = [NH2CH2CH2NH3+][OH-] / [NH2CH2CH2NH2]
8.47 X 10^-5 = x^2 / 0.314 -x
8.47 X 10^-5 X 0.314 - 8.47 X 10^-5x = x^2
x^2 - 2.66 X 10^-5 + 8.47 X 10^-5x = 0
on solving
x = 0.0051 M = [NH2CH2CH2NH3+] = [OH-]
[NH2CH2CH2NH2] = 0.314 - 0.0051 = 0.3089 M
For the second dissociation,
NH2CH2CH2NH3+ + H2O ---> +NH3CH2CH2NH3+ + OH-
Initial 0.0051 0 0.0051
Change -x +x +x
Equilibrium 0.0051 -x x 0.0051 +x
b2 = Kw / Ka1 = 10^-14 / 1.42 X 10^-7 = 7.04 X 10^-8 = [+NH3CH2CH2NH3+] [OH-] / [+NH3CH2CH2NH2]
7.04 X 10^-8 = x (0.0051+x) / (0.0051-x)
We may ignore x in the denominator as b2 is very low
7.04 X 10^-8 = x (0.0051+x) / (0.0051)
3.59 X 10^-10 = 0.0051x + x^2
x = 7.039 X 10^-8 M
[OH-] = 0.0051 + x = 0.0051 approx
[+NH3CH2CH2NH3+] = x = 7.039 X 10^-8 M
NH2CH2CH2NH3+ = 0.0051 +x = 0.0051 M approx
pOH = --log [OH-] = -log 0.0051 = 2.29
pH = 14 - pOH = 11.71
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If the density of blood is 1. 060 g/ml. What is the mass of 6. 56 pints of blood?
Answer:
3290 gm
Explanation:
6.56 pints * 473.1765 ml/pint * 1.060 g/ml = 3290 gm
If the density of blood is 1. 060 g/ml. 3290 grams is the mass of 6. 56 pints of blood.
In the study of chemistry, physics, and engineering, comprehending and characterising different substances depend greatly on density, a fundamental physical attribute. It is described as the ratio of a material's mass to volume. Being an intense quality, density is solely reliant on the composition of the substance and is not dependent on its quantity.
1 pint=473.176 milliliters.
6.56 pints ×473.176 ml/pint = 3099.57 milliliters
Density of blood = 1.060 g/ml
Volume of blood = 3099.57 ml
Mass = Density × Volume
Mass = 1.060 g/ml × 3099.57 ml ≈ 3290 grams
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What will happen when a base reacts with an acid?
A salt and water will form.
There will be no reaction.
The base will increase in concentration.
The acid will increase in concentration.
Answer:
When acid reacts with base it will form salt and water
When a base reacts with an acid, a salt and water will form. Therefore, the correct option is option A.
What is acid base reaction?The exchange of one or perhaps more hydronium ions, H+, amongst species that can be either neutral (molecules like water, H2O, or acetic acid, CH3CO2H), or electrostatic attraction (ions like ammonium, NH4+, hydroxide, OH, or carbonate, CO32), is what is known as an acid-base reaction.
It also includes equivalent behavior of acidic ions and molecules (aluminum chloride, AlCl3, as well as the silver ion AG+) that do not give hydrogen ions. When a base reacts with an acid, a salt and water will form.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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help me with this question please like right now
Using the gas laws, the volume of nitrogen produced is 6.6 L.
What is the product of a reaction?We know that the product of a reaction is obtained from the balanced reaction equation. The reactants combine together to yield the products hence we have; N2 + 3H2 ----> 2NH3
We know that 1 mole of hydrogen occupies 22.4 L
x moles of hydrogen occupies 25500 L
x = 1 mole * 25500 L/ 22.4 L
x = 1138.4 moles
If 3 mole of hydrogen reacts with 1 mole of nitrogen
1138.4 moles reacts with 1138.4 moles * 1 mole/ 3 moles = 379.5 moles
Mass of nitrogen = 379.5 moles * 28 g/mol = 10626 g
Now 3 moles of hydrogen produces 44.8 L of NH3
1138.4 moles produces 1138.4 moles * 44.8 L/ 3 moles = 17000 L
Now;
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1
V2 = 1 * 17000 * 848/5.5 * 273
V2 =9601 L
2) 2NH4NNO3(s) ---> 4H2O(g) + 2N2(g) + O2(g)
Number of moles = 12g/ 80 g/mol = 0.15 moles
Now;
2 moles of NH4NNO3 produced 2 moles of nitrogen hence 0.15 moles of N2 was produced.
1 mole of N2 occupies 22.4 L
0.15 moles of N2 occupies 0.15 moles * 22.4 L/1 mole = 3.36 L
P1 = 760 torr
V1 = 3.36 L
T1 = 273 K
P2 = 745 torr
T2 = 527 degrees or 800 K
V2 = ?
V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1
V2 = 760 * 3.36 * 527/745 * 273
V2 = 6.6 L
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Draw the major product formed in the reaction involving an acid anhydride dissolved in alcohol.
Ester is the major product formed in the reaction involving an acid anhydride dissolved in alcohol.
What is the chemistry of acid anhydrides?Acid chlorides and anhydrides both go through a number of similar reactions when subjected to nucleophilic action. Anhydrides react with water to generate carboxylic acids, with alcohols to form esters, and with amines to form amides, though they do so more slowly than acid chlorides. By using hydride reduction, anhydrides can also be converted to primary alcohols. As many anhydrides are created by coupling two carboxylic acids, one equivalent of the carboxylic acid is lost in anyhydride reactions as a leaving group. As a result, reactions are often only carried out using affordable, widely accessible anhydrides, such as acetic or benzoic. The advantage of anydrides over acid chlorides is that they are simpler to work with.Learn more about acid anhydride here:
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Which best explains why the trend in noble gas boiling points increases down the group?.
The atoms become larger, the intermolecular forces between the atoms become stronger and more energy is needed to overcome these forces. Hence, the boiling point of noble gases increases down the group.
What are noble gases?
Group 18 of the modern periodic table consists of noble gases. Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon are noble gases. These gases are monoatomic and chemically inert under normal conditions and because of this they are also called inert gases. These gases are present in very small quantities in the atmosphere, and so they are also called rare gases.Trends in Physical Properties of Noble Gases:
Atomic Radii (Atomic size): As we move down the group from helium to radon the atomic size of Noble Gasses keeps on increasing. This is because when going down the group, the number of occupied shells with valence electrons increases.Boiling and Melting Points: As we move down the group, the boiling and melting point of the Noble Gasses increases due to the following reason:When moving down in the group, the atomic radius increases which results in the formation of a strong Van Der Waals force of attraction between the atoms.As to overcome the interatomic force of attraction which becomes stronger, it also requires more energy during melting and boiling.Density: All elements of group 18 have low densities. When going down the group, density increases as the atomic mass keeps on increasing.Ionization Energy: In the periodic table, As we move down the group the first ionization energy keeps on decreasing.Ionization Potential: When going down the group, the atomic radii increases which increases the attractive force and ultimately results in the increase of polarity and decrease in the ionization potential. This is because the larger atom of the group in the valence electrons are held together less tightly by the atom as they are situated far away from the nucleus.To learn more about trends in noble gases:
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Draw the alkane formed when 4,5,5‑trimethyl‑1‑hexyne or 4,5,5‑trimethylhex‑1‑yne is treated with two equivalents of hbr.
Answer:
2,2 - dibromo - 4,5,5 - trimethylhexane
Explanation:
When 2 equivalents of HBr are added to 4,5,5‑trimethyl‑1‑hexyne, the alkane (at the top right of the image) is formed. The bromine branches are added to the second carbon because the intermediate carbocations are the most stable on the secondary carbon. Below I have drawn the mechanism.
What is the theoretical yield (mass of Al2O3 formed) for this reaction?
(answer is not 204)
Answer:
102 g Al₂O₃
Explanation:
The theoretical yield is the mass of product calculated via the molar masses and balanced chemical equation.
The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely reacted before the other reactant(s) are used up. Since Al produces the smaller amount of product, it appears that Al is the limiting reactant. You can only make as much product as the limiting reactant allows. As such, the theoretical yield is 102 grams Al₂O₃.
A chemist reacted 0. 2 moles sodium benzoate with 0. 25 moles of hydrochloric acid. if she generated 22 g benzoic acid, what was her percent yield? (mw of benzoic acid = 122. 12 g mol-1)
A chemist reacted 0. 2 moles sodium benzoate with 0. 25 moles of hydrochloric acid. if she generated 22 g benzoic acid, the percent yield is 90%.
Reactant + HCl ------ Product
0.2 mol 0.25 22g
mol
Number of moles of reactant = 0.2mol
Molar mass of product = 122.12g
Number of moles of product = given mass/ molar mass
= 22g/ 122.12 g
= 0.180mol
Percent yield = (number of moles of product/ number of moles of reactant) × 100
= (0.180/0.2) × 100
= 90%
Thus we concluded that the percent yield of the given solution is 90%.
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