1. A(n) electron-carrier molecule transports electrons, along with their energy, to another molecule.
2. The equation for photosynthesis is given below as follows:
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy ----> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂3. In the light-independent reaction, NADPH and ATP combine with carbon dioxide to produce sugars.
4. In the light-dependent reaction, light energy from the sun splits water and generates ATP and NADPH.
5. Chloroplasts are organelles found in the cells of heterotrophs is False.
6. Autotrophs need light in order to carry out photosynthesis is True
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water molecules using the energy of sunlight.
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages:
light stage or light-dependent reactiondark stage or light-independent reactionOrganisms that produce their own foods are called autotrophs whereas organisms that depend on already-made food are heterotrophs.
Autotrophs have chloroplasts in their cells whereas heterotrophs lack chloroplasts in their cells.
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describe the new type of protein synthesis that occurs in eukaryotic cells as a result of its evolution.
The locations during a cell where protein synthesis occurs are called ribosomes. Cells create proteins through a process mentioned as protein synthesis.
Both transcription and translation take place at once. The conversion of genetic information from DNA to mRNA within the nucleus is understood as transcription. Initiation, elongation, and termination are its three stages.
What about eukaryotic cells?Every multicellular organism, like animals, plants, and humans, also as some single-celled organisms (such as protozoa), begins with a eukaryotic cell, or an organism whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles.Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have membrane-bound organelles in addition to a nucleus.Eukaryotic creatures are available in an excellent variety, including most algae, all animals, plants, fungus, and protists.Eukaryotes are often single cells or multicellular.In contrast to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells contain the next features: A membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity encircled by membrane, and a nucleus that's housed within the nucleus.Eukaryotes are often unicellular; a standard misconception is that all eukaryotes are multicellular.Instead, some eukaryotes have a selection of membrane-bound organelles and compartments with specific activities that float in the cytoplasm.Eukaryotes are often either unicellular or multicellular, but prokaryotes are invariably unicellular creatures.As an example, the majority of protists are eukaryotes with one cell.In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear membrane encloses the nucleus.During a eukaryotic cell, the locomotory organs are flagella and cilia.The outermost layer of eukaryotic cells is known as a cell wall.The cells divide through a procedure mentioned as mitosis.Learn more about eukaryotic cells here:
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place the following occurrences in order to describe the regulation of rehydration beginning with someone who is dehydrate
The frequency and prevalence of heat illness are reduced when dehydration is identified early. a dehydrated, aware, and conscientious athlete.
How does it take for your body to rehydrate?However, after consuming a considerable amount of water, your body typically needs two hours to thoroughly rehydrate. The greatest option for rehydrating is drinking water. Gatorade and other sports drinks might be advantageous to athletes who must replace their electrolytes.
What is a better hydrator than water?Milk is among the finest drinks for hydration, according to research, even higher than water or drink mixes. Researchers attribute milk's efficiency to its protein, carbs, and natural electrolytes.
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the proper first aid for arterial gas embolism, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema is:
The proper first aid for arterial gas embolism, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema is Administer oxygen, watch Vital signs, treat for shock, and stand by to administer cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, Seek proper medical aid
Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum are ordinarily a result of thoracic and cervical limit injury, esophageal perforation also called Boerhaave disorder, causes incorporate helped positive pressure ventilation, interstitial lung malady, and aperture of an empty stomach viscus with ensuing dismemberment of air into the mediastinum utilizing the diaphragmatic break and dental strategies as well as a few maladies. It can moreover suddenly happen since of cocaine inward breath, heaving, and commanding strainings, such as in childbirth or strenuous exercise. In any case, synchronous subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum are complications seldom watched synchronously amid an intense asthma assault. This case outlines a bizarre sudden complication of an asthmatic attack.
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why do humans suffer from sleepiness, decreased muscle activity, and decreased sex drive during illness? group of answer choices the virus saps the organism's energy and uses it to attack the body. an illness decreases blood flow to the brain and muscles. they are useful ways of conserving energy while the body is attacking the illness. the body is so weakened from illness that it cannot do much of anything.
Humans suffer from these shortcomings during sickness as they are useful ways to conserve energy while the body is fighting the sickness.
How does our body fight illness?
Keeping foreign things out of our body is the most general way for our body to fight illness. This is the primary job of the immune system of our body.
Our primary defense against harmful things is the physical barriers, like skin. Our body also produces chemicals that destroy pathogens like, lysozyme that are found on skinless parts of our body, which includes tears and mucus membranes.
As long as the immune system works smoothly, we don’t even notice its presence. But the reason we get ill/sick is when it stops working properly. This is due to a weak immune system or harmful aggressive bacteria.
Without our immune system, we would be susceptible to all and every harmful pathogen.
Hence, when we get sick, we suffer with things like decreased muscle activity, sleepiness etc as our body is conserving energy as it fights off the illness.
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What are some of earths water resources
Answer:
basically the atmosphere
all the ice caps
rivers seas oceans reservoirs
how do transfer rnas (trnas) bring the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide? answer unselected by complementary base pairing between the trna anticodon and the messenger (mrna) codon unselected by complementary base pairing with the gene in the nucleus unselected none of the listed responses is correct. unselected by base-pairing with the ribosomal rna (rrna)
Transfer rRNA bring the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide By complementary base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and the messenger (mRNA) codon.
Complementary base pairing evolves binding of DNA to complementary base pairs, guanine always binds to cytosine and adenine always binds to thymine. But in RNA replaces thymine pairs with different pyrimidine base called uracil .
Complementary base pairing molecule allows the base pairs to be arranged in the more energetically favorable way. These base pairing makes double-helical structure of DNA. It is also important in replication of DNA as it allows semiconservative replication.
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How do the cells produced by meiosis
compare to each other?
A. Two of them are identical to each other.
B. They are all identical.
C. All four are genetically different.
In meiosis all four are genetically different. So, the correct answer is option (C) All four are genetically different.
Meiosis is the form of cellular department that creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is a fundamental system for existence. in the course of mitosis, a mobile duplicates all of its contents, such as its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis is a type of mobile department that reduces the wide variety of chromosomes within the discern cell by means of half and produces four gamete cells. This procedure is required to provide egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis takes place inside the primordial germ cells, cells exact for sexual duplicate and break free the frame's ordinary somatic cells. In instruction for meiosis, a germ cellular is going through interphase, in the course of which the complete cellular undergoes replication.
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peripheral membrane proteins: group of answer choices are generally noncovalently bound to membrane lipids. can be released from membranes only by treatment with detergent(s). may have functional units on both sides of the membrane. are usually denatured when released from membranes. penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer.
The response options in this group are typically noncovalently linked to the membrane lipids that compose peripheral membrane proteins.
What is Peripheral membrane proteins ?Extrinsic membrane proteins, also known as peripheral membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that are connected with biological membranes but only briefly bind to those membranes. These proteins either bind to integral membrane proteins or pierce the lipid bilayer in the periphery.
Directing and maintaining the internal cytoskeleton and elements of the extracellular matrix are two of the primary functions of peripheral proteins. Organelles, filaments, and tubules work together to create both of these structures.
Proteins that only associate with the membrane through electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions (Caldalkalibacillus thermarum type-II NADH dehydrogenase as an example) and proteins that anchor themselves in the lipid bilayer using a hydrophobic segment are two subtypes of peripheral membrane proteins.
What is lipid bilayer ? A thin polar membrane comprised of two layers of lipid molecules is known as a lipid bilayer. These membranes are flat sheets that surround every cell in a continuous barrier.The lipid bilayer serves as a barrier, retaining ions, proteins, and other molecules where they are required while preventing their diffusion into unintended locations.The creation of membrane microdomains that are helpful for biological processes depends on how a lipid bilayer moves between its two primary phases, the liquid crystalline phase (L) and the gel phase (L), during a transition.To know more about Peripheral membrane proteins please click here ;
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what are two methods they are potentially using to deal with the oil spill or lessen the ecological effects?
Two methods potentially used to deal with the oil spill are 1) Shoreline Washing: Waterskin washes oil from the shoreline into the water for easier collection. 2) Boom: Long Floating Interconnect Barriers are used to minimize the spread of oil spills.
How can the impact of an oil spill be reduced?Containment and skimming is accomplished by mechanical means such as: using booms and skimmers. Outriggers are floating physical barriers that prevent oil from spreading, and skimmers, modified boats, skim oil from the surface. Once oil reaches or spreads on shorelines, it becomes more difficult to remove.
What is the most effective oil spill removal method?On-site burning is far more effective than other oil spill removal methods. It can remove up to 98% of oil. However, it cannot be used for all accidents. The spilled thickness should be at least 3 mm on the burning surface.
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downregualtion of reurotransmitter receptors in response to long-term osychoactive drug use is an example of
Down-regulation of neurotransmitter receptors in response to long-term psychoactive drug use is an example of functional tolerance.
Humans and animals acquire tolerance when their brain functions adjust to compensate for the disruption produced by alcohol in both their behavior and physical functioning. This is referred to as functional tolerance.
Functional tolerance enables an individual to function normally when inebriated, concealing their intoxication from others.
It is one of the most common types of tolerance to drugs or alcohol that a person can have.
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A bird that preys on moths is introduced to the habitat with moths and trees like the ones shown below.
A white moth and a black moth are shown.
What will most likely happen to the population of moths in this habitat?
Answer:They will minimize/the population will go down.
Explanation: The moths are used to not being eaten and a new bird that eats them as their main source of food is introduced, then the population will go down as they will be feasted upon
g at which point would you expect the largest number of voltage-gated sodium channels to be in an inactivated state?
Voltage-gated sodium channels are observed in lots of one of a kind mobileular sorts during the body, while epithelial sodium channels are mainly observed withinside the pores and skin and kidney.
The activation gates open whilst the membrane potential rises to about 55 mV (in this situation added on via way of means of an motion potential), permitting positively charged Na+ ions to go into the neuron thru the channels and elevating the voltage throughout the neuronal membrane in human neurons to +30 mV.
Voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSCs) begin motion potentials, which ends up in short electric sign transmission throughout mobileular membranes and among cells. In addition to commencing VGSCs, depolarization of the mobileular membrane additionally outcomes in a nonconducting circumstance acknowledged as inactivation.
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Two frog populations become separated by a river. Over 100 years the frogs have become two
different species. A drought hits and the river drys up. Would the separated populations of
frogs be able to interbreed now that the barrier was no longer there? Defend your answer.
Correctly use the term geographic isolation in your free response answer.
Yes, the frogs now able to interbreed.
What is hybridization?Hybridization is significant because it increases a species' genetic variety—the number of different gene combinations—which is essential for evolution to take place.
A population's members being physically separated. When their original habitat is divided, populations may become physically separated. As in the case of new land or water barriers.
It is well known that geographic isolation contributes to divergent evolution, producing distinctive phenotypes. Sometimes populations with different morphologies are found to be interfertile, while nominal morphological species are found to have reproductive isolation, revealing the existence of cryptic species.
The geographical isolation that results from allopatric speciation, which prevents members of an original species from breeding with one another when they are reunited, is exemplified by islands.
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Answer:
After the drought, there was very little water and many plants died, so the remaining environment was mostly brown. Because of this, having brown coloration was a favorable adaptation for frogs. The brown frogs are the ones that survived and reproduced, causing the number of brown frogs to increase. Having green coloration, on the other hand, was an unfavorable adaptation because they were unable to blend in with the surrounding environment. They became less likely to survive and reproduce, causing the number of green frogs to decrease.
Explanation:
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During _____of the cell cycle, the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
Answer:
Your answer is interphase:
During _interphase____of the cell cycle, the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
Explanation:
What is the process that causes harmful materials to seep into the ground and move through rock and soil and contaminate ground water?.
The process that causes harmful materials to seep into the ground and move through rock and soil and contaminate ground water is through precipitation and lead to groundwater contamination.
When man-made substances like chemicals, oil, road salts, and gasoline contaminate groundwater, they render it hazardous and unfit for human consumption. The soil can allow substances from the surface of the land to pass through it and end up in the groundwater.
Groundwater quality can be impacted by industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, groundwater pumping, and waste disposal. Human activity can cause contaminants, such as through harmful chemical spills or leaking fuel tanks.
Poor drinking water quality, a lack of water supply, deteriorated surface water systems, expensive cleanup expenses, high prices for alternative water supplies, and/or significant health issues can all result from ground water contamination.
Thus, through percolation of these hazardous components the ground water gets contaminated.
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in mice, the copy of the igf 2 gene that is inherited from the mother is never expressed in her offspring. this happens because the igf 2 gene from the mother a. always undergoes a mutation that inactivates its function. b. is deleted during oogenesis. c. is deleted during embryonic development. d. is not transcribed in the somatic cells of the offspring.
in mice, the copy of the if 2 gene that is inherited from the mother is never expressed in her offspring. this happens because the if 2 gene from the mother is not transcribed in the somatic cells of the offspring.
Option B is Correct : is not transcribed in the somatic cells of the offspring.
Somatic cells in humans are diploid, which means they have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Although somatic cell DNA mutations can have an impact on an individual, they cannot be passed on to a person's progeny.somatic tissues. All living things are composed of somatic cells, which are the basic building blocks of all organisms. Somatic cells in humans are diploid, which means they have two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent. Somatic mutations can affect the person who has them but cannot be passed on to their offspring and have no impact on them.
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A type of mutation that mainly occurs during dna replication and a single base is altered.
Answer:
Point mutation
Explanation:
Meiosis is important because it keeps the number of chromosomes constant within a species. True or false?.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Meiosis halves the number of chromosomes, so out gametes are haploid. During fertilization, the zygote ends up with the "original" number od chromosomes.
What model organism are you using for the genetic mutation experiments?
Answer: zebrafish
Explanation:
Since the 1960s, the zebrafish has become increasingly important to scientific research. It has many characteristics that make it a valuable model for studying human genetics and disease.
a cell undergoing meiosis experiences a problem with its microtubules, such that proper separation of the paired chromosomes carrying alleles q and q does not occur during anaphase i. what is the most likely effect on the four daughter cells?
With the exception of two daughter cells having an extra chromosome containing the Q or q allele and the other two without this chromosome, all four of the daughter cells will have a complete set of chromosomes.
No disjunction is the name for the meiotic phenomenon of uneven separation. When a haploid gamete with a missing chromosome experiences no disjunction, the haploid gamete will produce a diploid zygote with only one copy of the missing chromosome from the other parent, a condition known as monosomy.
What about chromosomes?Chromosomes are organelles that are present in the nucleus of cells and carry lengthy lengths of DNA.The substance that houses genes is called DNA. It serves as the foundation for the human body. Additionally, proteins found in chromosomes aid in the appropriate structure of DNA. The term "autosomes" refers to the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. A person's gender at birth is determined by the sex chromosomes, which make up the 23rd pair of chromosomes.The highest level of DNA and protein organization is seen in chromosomes. Chromosomes primary job is to carry DNA and pass genetic material from one generation to the next. Cell division involves the critical function of chromosomes. They guard against tangles and damage to the DNA. Another type of aneuploidy is monosomy, which is the loss of one chromosome in cells. Greek is the language of number one, and monosomy refers to a condition in which cells contain only one copy of a certain chromosome rather than the usual two. Turner syndrome sometimes referred to as monosomy X, is a disorder brought on by monosomy. There are billions of cells in your body, but they are too small to observe without a powerful microscope. Chromosomes, which are strands that resemble threads and carry hundreds or even thousands of genes, are found inside the majority of those cells. Physical characteristics like the color of your eyes are determined by genes.Learn more about chromosomes here:
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The function of hemoglobin is to carry ________ from the lungs throughout the body.
Answer:
oxygen
Explanation:
You can think of hemoglobin as the iron ("heme"), oxygen transport protein, ("globin") found in red blood cells.
What is a similarity between genes and chromosomes?
Responses
both come in pairs
both are fragments of genetic information
both contain information needed to synthesize proteins,
both are tightly wound up into condensed structures
Answer:
both come in pairs
Explanation:
because of meiosis both start off in pairs but later chromosomes separate into two unidentical daughter cells during anaphase and genes seperate to haploid cells
olfactory neurons have the capacity to regenerate in adulthood, while brain neurons do not. why is it thought olfactory neurons adapted this function?
Compared to all other cranial nerves, the olfactory nerve is unique due to its inherent ability to regenerate.
What is olfactory nerve?Olfactory sensory neurons is located in the nasal epithelium that detects and transmits odorant information to the central nervous system. This requires that these neurons form a specific neuronal connections within the olfactory bulb and express receptors and signaling molecules particularly for these functions.
After peripheral sensory neurons detects an odorant ,the signal is relayed to the OB in the brain. This portion of the olfactory system that is the OB is also a subject to modification by lifelong neurogenesis.
Olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve and this nerve enables your olfactory system and also sense of smell.
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what is one of the largest crops grown in the united states today, and a staple or core food in many first people/native american dishes?
Maize (Corn) is one of the largest crops grown in the united states, and a staple food in many first people/Native American dishes.
In the United States, a third of corn production is utilized to feed livestock like cattle, hogs, and chickens. Corn supplies the "carbs" and soybeans the protein in animal feed. According to some estimates, a beef cow grown on a feedlot can consume a ton of corn; two bushels of American maize are required to produce one serving of corn-fed steak. Cows that produce milk and beef both eat silage, which is made of fermented corn stalks and other green plants. A little over a third of corn production is utilized to produce ethanol, which is added to gasoline as a sustainable fuel. The Renewable Fuel Standard calls for 10% of gasoline to be renewable fuel, however, in some places, notably in the Midwest, you can get E15 (15 percent ethanol) or E85 (85 percent ethanol). The remaining corn harvest is either exported to other nations for use as food or feed, or it is used in the United States for industrial purposes, drinks, and human nourishment. There are many uses for corn. It is employed in the production of biodegradable packaging materials, tortilla chips, grits, canned beer, soda, and cooking oil. It is a crucial component of the growing medium used to produce life-saving medications like penicillin. To keep weeds from growing in flower beds, use corn gluten meal.
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psa11 and pdh223 confer erythromycin resistance on f. johnsoniae, but not on e. coli. how would the outcome of this experiment have been different if psa11 and pdh223 conferred erythromycin resistance on both f. johnsoniae and e. coli? explain.
If psa11 and pdh223 conferred erythromycin resistance on both f. johnsoniae and e. coli we will see both colonies as there will be no resistance on an agar plate.
PSA11 and pdh223 confer erythromycin resistance on f. Johnsonian, but not on e. coli as when pSA11 and pDH223 were transferred into F. johnsoniae bacteria leads to resistance against Erythromycin but not in E. coli.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), moreover known as gamma-selenoprotein or kallikrein-3 (KLK3), P-30 antigen, maybe a glycoprotein protein encoded in humans by the KLK3 quality.
PSA could be a part of the kallikrein-related peptidase family and is emitted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. Flavobacterium johnsoniae could be a gram-negative bacterium that shows coasting motility.
To decide the component of flavobacterial coasting motility, we confined 33 non gliding mutants by Tn4351 mutagenesis. Seventeen of these mutants showed filamentous cell morphology.
The locale of DNA encompassing the transposon addition within the filamentous mutant CJ101-207 was cloned and sequenced.
The transposon was embedded in a quality that was comparable to Escherichia coli ftsX. Two of the remaining 16 filamentous mutants too carried inclusions in ftsX.
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Label the parts of the below lipid molecule.
Is this a saturated or unsaturated lipid? __________________________
The lipid molecule shown in the image is a satured lipid.
What is a satured lipid?Saturated fatty acids are long carboxylic chains without double bonds in their structure jointly linked to a glycerol molecule. Saturated fatty acids are usually found in lipids and are solid at room temperature. Saturated fatty acids will contain many hydrogen atoms attached to their chain.
Its structure is linear and straight since it does not have double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain, like unsaturated fatty acids, so they can stay close to each other. For this reason its solid composition.
Therefore, we can confirm that the lipid molecule shown in the image is a satured lipid.
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a researcher conducts a comparative genomic hybridization study to determine if copy number variants play a role in multiple sclerosis. ms patient dna is labeled with green fluorescent dye while control dna is labeled with red fluorescent dye. which gene spot above (a,b, or c) indicates a gene that may be duplicated in ms patients, but present in lower amounts in controls?
Green gene spot indicates a gene that may be duplicated in ms patients, but present in lower amounts in controls genomic hybridization.
Chromosome copy number alterations can be found using the comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) approach without the requirement for cell culture. It offers a comprehensive picture of chromosomal increases and losses throughout a tumour's entire genome. Green fluorochrome is used to mark tumour DNA, which is then combined (1:1) with red-labeled normal DNA and hybridised to typical human metaphase preparations. The green and red-labeled DNA fragments compete with one another to be hybridised to their respective chromosomal loci of origin. The ratio of green to red fluorescence along the chromosomal axis indicates whether the tumour has lost or gained genetic material at that particular site.
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insertion of additional repeats in repetitive segments of dna often is a result of what? translation errors replication slippage chromosome rearrangements transformation transcription slippage
The insertion of additional repeats in a repeating DNA segment is often the result of slippage.
What is slippage?Slippage is a mutation process that occurs during DNA replication which involves denaturation and displacement of DNA strands and will result in complementary base pair errors. A slip event usually occurs when a repeating nucleotide sequence (tandem repeat) is found at the site of replication. Tandem repeats are unstable regions of the genome where nucleotide insertions and deletions occur frequently, leading to genome rearrangements.
Slippage is found in both coding and non-coding regions. If these repeats are found in the coding region then variations in the polynucleotide sequence may result in the formation of abnormal proteins in eukaryotes. Many human diseases have been reported to be associated with trinucleotide repeated expansion including Huntington's disease
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In 3-5 sentences describe the relationship between a glucose molecule and the products it makes during cellular respiration
During Cellular Respiration, glucose is broken down into many different pieces turning into pyruvate and lead to release of electrons. During cellular respiration, this is a process known as glycolysis which takes place in cytoplasm. The pyruvate then oxidizes (meaning it loses the electrons which produce energy) and turns into acetyl CoA which is used in Krebs/citric acid cycle.
Cellular respiraton is a chain of chemical reactions that smash down glucose to produce ATP, which may be used as strength to strength many reactions throughout the frame. There are 3 foremost steps of cellular breathing: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular respiration is the process that happens inside the mitochondria of organisms (animals and flora) to interrupt down sugar inside the presence of oxygen to release electricity inside the form of ATP. This technique releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
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the primary difference in electroctye concentration between blood plasma and interstitial fluid is that
The primary difference in electrolyte concentration between blood plasma and interstitial fluid is that blood plasma has relatively more protein anions.
The fundamental distinction between plasma and interstitial fluid is that the former has a higher concentration of protein anions while the latter has a lower concentration. Similar amounts of the majority of other dissolved substances, including nutrients and electrolytes, can be found in both plasma and interstitial fluid. Plasma and interstitial fluid are components of extracellular fluid of a cell.
Water, ions, and other small solutes are combined to form interstitial fluid, also known as tissue fluid, which is pushed out of the blood plasma by the heart's pumping action. Water and a variety of other substances make up plasma, which transports blood cells and oxygen to different parts of the body.
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