Answer:
Narrow leaves still do their job well because narrow leaves are very thin so gases can get to every cell.
the difference between genetic traits and traits that may be caused by environmental influences.
Answer:
One difference between genetic traits and environmentally-caused traits is that genetic traits can be passed down to offspring while caused traits cannot. For example, if you have freckles, your children might get freckles, but if you were born with light skin but lived in an area where it receives a lot of sunlight which causes your skin to darken, that trait will not be passed down to your kids. They will remain light-skinned.
Explanation:
Which conclusion can be drawn based on examining fossil evidence of pollen in an area?
A. whether or not the area experienced volcanic eruptions
B. what the climate was like in the area long ago
C. how erosion and uplift has changed the landscape
D. how diverse the animal life was in the area
Answer:
B. What the climate was like in the area long ago.
Explanation:
All flowering plants produce pollen grains with distinctive shapes that change as climatic factors change as plants are generally distributed based on patterns of temperature and precipitation. So, fossil pollen records can tell us about the past climate.
what are the functions of smooth muscle? multiple select question. to regulate pupil diameter to move material through the digestive tract to create movement at the joints to constrict or dilate blood vessels to control blood pressure to propel blood from the heart
Answer:
A
Explanation:
why are turtles not classified under arthropods even though they have a shell ?
Answer:
Turtles aren't classified as arthropods even though they have a shell because they have an internal backbone (spine), and their shoulder blades are inside their ribs.
Explanation:
Arthropods are invertebrate animals of the large phylum Arthropoda. An example of an arthropod would be a spider.
pls mark me brainliest if this helps you C:
Certain b vitamins participate in chemical reactions that release energy from which compounds?.
B vitamins participate in chemical reactions that release energy from carbohydrates compounds.
Vitamin B aids a wide range of enzymes in their functions, including transporting oxygen and energy-rich nutrients throughout the body, breaking down into products of amino acids, and releasing energy from fats and carbohydrates.
Cells in the body use thiamin (vitamin B1) to convert carbohydrates into energy. Carbohydrates primarily serve to supply the body, particularly the brain and nervous system, with energy. Additionally, muscle contraction and nerve signal transmission require thiamin.
Coenzymes include thiamin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and niacin, all of which aid enzymes in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy. Amino acids, folate, and vitamin B12 aid in cell proliferation (cells in the GI tract and red blood cells, which provide energy to other cells).
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Which statement would the information presented in this population pyramid best justify?
A.
Nigeria will need outside immigration to keep its population stable.
B.
Women in Nigeria are having more children today than they used to in the past.
C.
Nigeria has a faster rate of growth than any of its neighbors.
D.
There will be over one billion people in Nigeria by 2015.
Information presented in this population pyramid best justify that Nigeria has a faster rate of growth than any of its neighbors.
The population pyramid represents the breakdown of the population by gender and age at a given point in time. It consists of two histograms, one for each gender where the numbers are shown horizontally and the ages vertically.
There are generally three types of population pyramids created from age-sex distributions expansive, constrictive and stationary. A Population Pyramid is a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population. It a graphic profile of the population's residents.
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
cd4 t cells are activated by group of answer choices interaction between tcrs and mhc ii interaction between cd4 and mhc ii. complement cytokines released by dendritic cells.
cd4+ t cells are activated by interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
What is MHC molecule?
A sizable region of vertebrate DNA called the major histocompatibility complex houses a group of closely related polymorphic genes that code for the cell surface proteins needed by the adaptive immune system. These MHC molecules are cell surface proteins.
A controlled, efficient immune response to pathogens depends on CD4+T cells. After interacting with the antigen-MHC complex, naive CD4+T cells become activated and undergo specialized subtype differentiation that is largely influenced by the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment.
Hence the correct answer is interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
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HELP 45 points can someone please help me make a concept map including everything in the page below
The Plasma membrane is a Phospholipid bilayer that is best described using the Fluid mosaic model. It has the feature of Selective permeability.
Passive transport takes place by Diffusion down a Concentration gradient such as by means of Channel proteins such as aquaporins.
Active transport makes use of Transport proteins.
In solutions of different solute concentrations, water moves in or out of the cell by osmosis.
In an Isotonic solution, no net movement of water occurs.
In a Hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell.
In a Hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell.
Cells take in substances by Endocytosis and remove particles by Exocytosis.
Phagocytosis is a form of Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
Pinocytosis is the endocytosis of fluids.
What are concept maps?A Concept map is a tool that is used to describe or explain a concept or groups of concepts by showing how these concepts are related to each other.
The given concept map is that of the plasma membrane, the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cells of living organisms.
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How does the production efficiency you calculated for the owl relate to trophies efficiency?
Production efficiency is defined as the percentage of energy assimilated by an organism that is converted into biomass.
Production efficiency = [tex]\frac{production}{assimillation}[/tex]
Production efficiency excludes losses within feces, trophic efficiency, by contrast, takes into account energy losses as found in feces.
The trophic efficiency is the efficiency at which mass or energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next through predation. The individual efficiency is the efficiency with which a typical individual turns its consumption into somatic growth.
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the protein glucagon contains 29 amino acids in its active linear form. what is the minimum number of bases present in the mature messenger rna for this protein?
the protein glucagon contains 29 amino acids in its active linear form. the minimum number of bases present in the mature messenger rna for this protein is 87 .
RRNAs, tRNAs, and snRNAs are ready for use in the cell after transcription and processing; they can be put together into ribosomes or snRNPs and employed in splicing and protein synthesis. The mature mRNA, however, is not yet useful to the cell. The encoded protein must be produced after translation. The genetic code contains the principles for converting from the "language" of nucleic acids to that of proteins. According to experiments examining the consequences of frameshift mutations, the deletion or addition of 1 or 2 nucleotides resulted in a loss of function, whereas the deletion or addition of 3 nucleotides permitted the retention of a significant amount of function. It was shown that the coding unit consists of three nucleotides.
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This “International Code” sets specific rules to help decide new scientific names or changes of names.
International Union of Applied Chemistry and Physics
International Units of Measure and Mass
International Code of Nomenclature
International Code of Ethics
International Code of Nomenclature is the International Code sets specific rules to help decide new scientific names or changes of names.
The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is the set of rules and recommendations that govern the scientific naming of all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants.
The rules and recommendations have one fundamental aim to provide the maximum universality and continuity in the naming of all animals, except where taxonomic judgment dictates otherwise. The code is meant to guide only the nomenclature of animals, while leaving zoologists freedom in classifying new taxa.
Scientific names is called a binomial name. The generic name or the initial part of the name highlights the genus to which an organism belongs.
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I need help with this question:
The input in the system is the brain.
Option C is the correct option.
What is the brain?The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body.
From the diagram, we can conclude that the brain is the input in the system because it is the brain which gives the signals to the glands in the skin in order to perform any activity.
The brain is known to have three main parts:
the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstemThe Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres.
The brain serves many functions to the human body as it controls our ability to balance, walk, talk, and eat. It coordinates and regulates our breathing, blood circulation, and heart rate.
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Which best describes this inheritance pattern?
incomplete dominance because neither allele for tail length is dominant
codominance because neither allele for tail length is dominant
incomplete dominance because the offspring display an intermediate form of tail length
codominance because the offspring display an intermediate form of tail length
The inheritance pattern in living organisms can be best identified and observed with incomplete dominance because neither allele for tail length is dominant.
The correct answer choice is option a
Why is incomplete dominance linked with inheritance pattern?Incomplete dominance has a direct relationship with inheritance pattern in living organisms in such a way that alleles are not dominant completely over one another and also that alleles cannot be see at the same time on their expressions.
So therefore, due to the fact that offsprings produced expresses an intermediate form of tail length, it is on this premise that incomplete dominance best describes inheritance pattern.
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after ingestion by humans, which macromolecule(s) begin(s) chemical digestion by enzymes in the mouth?
After being consumed by people, carbohydrates start to chemically breakdown by oral enzymes. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth via saliva.
The digestive enzyme amylase in the saliva starts the conversion of dietary starches into the disaccharide maltose. This enzyme is in charge of dissolving starch/carbohydrates and sugars into shorter polysaccharide strands. The small intestine is where carbohydrates are chemically broken down instead of the stomach. The disaccharidases and pancreatic amylase complete the chemical cleavage of digestible carbs. Amylase produced in the tongue and pancreas; breaks down complex carbs and its made in the mouth/saliva and pancreas; breaks down complex carbohydrates.
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most vectors have a second genetic marker that is made non-functional if an insert is in the multiple-cloning site. this disruption of the marker's function is called
Recombinant DNA refers to a vector that contains foreign DNA. Cosmids, viral vectors, plasmids, and synthetic chromosomes are the four main categories of vectors.
What two objects are typically employed in genetic engineering as vectors?Plasmids and bacteriophages are the two most used kinds of vectors. Plasmids are circular DNA molecules with one or more genes that are present inside the bacterial cell independently. The host bacteria depends on these genes in a significant way.
The bacterial colonies with the recombinant plasmids and colonies without them are mixed together while copying a gene using plasmid vectors. All the colonies have the same appearance, but some have adopted the plasmids containing the human gene, while others have not.
These were the original gene cloning vectors. These are present in eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria. These DNA molecules are self-replicating, extrachromosomal, natural molecules.
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what did the avery griffith and hershey-chase experiments determine
Hershey and Chase came to the conclusion that DNA, not protein, contained genetic information. The Hershey-Chase investigations were more widely and swiftly accepted among scientists than Avery's studies on bacterial changes.
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid, also referred to as DNA, is a sophisticated molecule that houses all of the data required to create and maintain a organism. DNA is a component of every living thing's cells. In fact, almost all of the cells in a multicellular creature have all of the DNA necessary for that organism.
Today, DNA has three separate purposes: genetic, immunological, and structural, all of which differ greatly from one another and depend in different ways on the bases and the sugar phosphate backbone.
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which bone markings enclose the spinal cord
The spinal cord's core canal, which contains cerebrospinal fluid, is enclosed by the backbone. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and the brain. The spinal cord is enclosed by bone marks.
The spinal cord of a human starts at the occipital bone, travels through the foramen magnum, cerebrospinal fluid then enters the spinal canal at the first cervical vertebra. The spinal cord exits the skull through a hollow casing and enters the vertebral column. Neck, chest, pelvic, and abdomen are some of the vertebral column's distinct locations from which spinal nerves emerge. Cerebrospinal fluid A cross-section of the spinal cord reveals white matter surrounding grey matter with a butterfly-like structure.
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renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the ivc via the:
The characteristic of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a predisposition to infiltrate the inferior vena cava (IVC) through the renal vein. According to estimates, such tumor thrombus extension occurs in 4–10% of instances.
The majority of treatment is still surgical excision because it has not been demonstrated that the existence of tumor thrombus affects survival. The lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a portion of the tiny tubes in the kidney that carry primary urine, is where renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a kind of kidney cancer, develops. Renal cell carcinoma is the term for this.
The veins that drain the kidney are called renal veins. They join the vena cava inferior with the kidney. Some individuals instead have the left renal vein travel behind the abdominal aorta.
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on earth's surface it is approximately 10,000km from the equator to the north pole. How many kilometers is it between two parallels one degree apart
The distance in miles between two parallels which are 1 degree apart is 2.78km.
What is Equator?This is referred to as an imaginary line around the middle of a planet or other celestial body and divides it into two equal parts.
In this scenario we were told that the distance which is given is approximately 10,000km from the equator to the north pole.
We can also infer that there is 360 degrees in between extreme poles.
We were given distance from the equator which is 1000km
360 degrees =1000km.
The distance between 1 degree will be = 1000km /360
= 2.78km.
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List differences of a human digestive system and a frogs digestive system
The following are the differences of human and frog digestive systems:
1. Humans possess stable teeth which they use for chewing while frogs do not possess stable teeth to grip their prey.
2. Chewing for humans is an automatic digestion while frogs do not chew their prey but swallow it instead.
3. Humans possess only a set of teeth while frogs possess two sets of teeth.
4. Human's tongue is inclined behind the mouth while the frog's tongue is inclined to the opening of the mouth.
5. Humans possess a lengthy small intestine while the frog possess a more concise small intestine.
6. The expulsion of undigested food in human is through the rectum while in frog, it is through the cloaca.
Suppose you seal a house plant in a transparent glass container. What about the scenario would lead to the plant’s death?.
please try to explain the process of cellular respiration using a real-world scenario. for example, explain why you are hot, sweaty and breathing hard after a workout as it relates to cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is the process by which our body produces the energy needed for diverse processes by breaking down different substrates (proteins, carbs), either with or without the help of oxygen.
What is cellular respiration?Through the process of cell respiration, organisms mix oxygen with food molecules, directing the chemical stored energy in these substances toward life-sustaining processes while excreting water and carbon dioxide as waste.
Why is the cellular respiration important?Cellular respiration's main purpose is to create biological energy. Because this biochemical energy is used to power several metabolic processes, such as biosynthesis, motility, and transport of molecules across membranes, cell respiration is crucial for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Selective medium differs from differential medium because?
a. selective medium permits growth of a particular microbial type while differential medium is used to distinguish between types of organisms.
b. differential medium differentiates pathogens from nonpathogens while selective medium grows only pathogens.
c. differential medium contains growth inhibitors while selective medium does not.
d. selective medium permits growth of more organisms than differential medium.
Selective medium permits the growth of a particular microbial type while the differential medium is used to distinguish between types of organisms.
Any organic, living system that performs as a separate entity is referred to as an organisms in biology (from the Ancient Greek v (órganon) "instrument, implement, tool" and - (-ismos)). Cells make up every living thing (cell theory). Taxonomy divides living things into categories like multicellular animals, plants, and fungi, or unicellular microbes like protists, bacteria, and archaea. All kinds of creatures are capable of responding to stimuli in some capacity and reproducing, growing, and developing. Multicellular organisms that distinguish specialized tissues and organs throughout development include squids, tetrapods, vascular plants, beetles, and mushrooms.Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are both types of unicellular organisms. The two distinct domains of bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes.
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biology Cookbook Project
Directions:
To understand the nutrients, we need to support our body, we will be researching different diets and evaluating what nutrients they include. Each student will write a paragraph about the diet the recipe comes from and its nutritional value.
❏ Vegan
❏ Vegetarian
❏ Pescatarian
❏ Gluten-free
❏ Paleo
❏ Mediterranean
❏ Ketogenic
❏ Cultural diets (Caribbean, Southern-American, Mexican, Japanese, Thai….) _____________
❏ Something of your choice: ____________________
Your Research:
Research your diet from credible sources on the internet.
(question #6).
1. Describe an overview of the diet you chose to research.
2. What foods are included in the diet and what foods are excluded?
3. What is the scientific rationale behind this diet? Why do people think you should eat this way?
4. Does this diet include a balance of all the macronutrients? Why or why not?
5. Do you think this diet is healthy based on our work in class and your research? Why or why not?
6. List the sources you used for this research.
The Nutritional Values of Vegetarian meals is used for research purpose.
Nutritional Value the following meals hold:
Vegan meals - It is high in nutrients. Research shows that meals can improve heart fitness, control cancer, and reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes.Vegetarian - A vegetarian meal is one of the healthiest meals. A plant-based meal, whether measured by cardiovascular disease, cancer, or death, is healthier than non-veg-based meals.Pescatarian meals - These consist mainly of whole grains, and vegetables, with seafood being the main protein source. Pescatarians usually consume dairy products and eggs.Gluten-free meals - Is often low in vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.Paleo - The Paleo meals are 30% protein and 30% carbohydrates. Includes non-veg, eggs, vegetables, berries, fruits, olives, and avocado oils.Mediterranean meals - Foundation recommends consuming up to 4 eggs per week as a fit option to non-veg due to their increased cholesterol range.The ketogenic meals - Guides 5-10% carbs and 10-20% protein of total daily calories.Vegetarian meals:
A vegetarian meal emphasizes plant foods. Examples include fruits, vegetables, parched beans and grains, and seeds.Lacto-vegetarian meals exclude non-veg, poultry, eggs, and foods containing these ingredients. Milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter are examples of dairy products. The vegetarian meal does not contain non-veg, poultry, or dairy products, but does include eggs.Vegetarians are less likely to get cancer. While this is good news for vegetarians, it turns out that eating non-veg and cucumbers has some fitness benefits. Mix with vegetables, beans, fruits, and other foods.Maintain a 50/50 vegetable/fruit/vegetarian protein ratio. Gain Muscle: 40% Vegetable/Fruit, 60% Vegan Protein Blend. It is made up of 60% vegetables and 40% vegan protein.A vegetarian meal is a fit meal. Vegetarians tend to have lower low-density cholesterol, lower pressure, and lower rates of high pressure and type 2 diabetes patients. Vegetarians have a lower overall cancer risk and a lower risk of chronic disease.Learn more about nutritional value at
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The bearded dragon is an example of an influence on genetic outcome regardless of the presence or
absence of a particular chromosome. What other variable plays a role in the sex determination of bearded
dragon?
Answer:
temperature
Explanation:
bearded dragons, as well as most other reptiles, rely on environmental temperature as well as both sex chromosomes. male bearded dragons carry the ZZ chromosomes while females carry ZW, but high temperatures during the embryo process can override the ZZ chromosomes in a male bearded dragon and will produce a female instead.
When blood glucose levels rise, your pancreas releases a hormone called ________ into your blood to help transport glucose to cells.
Answer:insulin
Explanation:
When blood glucose levels rise, your pancreas releases a hormone called insulin into your blood to help transport glucose to cells.
What is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells in the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood sugar levels by facilitating the movement of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used as a source of energy.
When blood sugar levels are high, the pancreas releases insulin, which binds to receptors on cells and signals them to take up glucose from the bloodstream. This helps to lower blood sugar levels and keep them within a healthy range.
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which are functions of the cardiorespiratory system? (choose every correct answer.)
Bring oxygen, nutrients and other good things to every cell in your body are functions of the cardiorespiratory system.
Every cell in your body receives oxygen, nutrients, and other beneficial substances through the cardiovascular system, which is composed of your heart and blood arteries. Additionally, they remove trash and carbon dioxide. The cardiovascular system's primary role is to give nutrition and remove waste.
Your heart and blood arteries make up your cardiovascular system, which is an important component of your body. Your body's cells receive a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients from your blood when your circulatory system is functioning properly. Carbon dioxide and other waste are also expelled by blood vessels. Your heart and blood vessels can be kept healthy with your help. Keeping your blood pressure under control with exercise, balanced eating.
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A man with brown eyes marries a woman with blue eyes. They have 3 children, two are brown eyed but they
are surprised when their third child has blue eyes because both of the man's parents have brown eyes. Is this
possible? Using Punnett squares, clarify this situation based on what you know about genetics.
In this question, the heterozygous female is crossed with a recessive male, so we can deduce from the Punnett square that only 50% of the offspring will have blue eyes.
What is heterozygous?Heterozygous means having multiple alleles for the same trait. You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions differ. The interaction of the two alleles influences which traits are expressed. You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions differ. Being heterozygous for hair color, for example, means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair. Allele pairs are described using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Individuals who have two identical alleles (RR or rr) are said to be homozygous. Individual organisms with different alleles (Rr) are referred to as heterozygous.To learn more about heterozygous, refer to:
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Classify each event in the history of life into the appropriate eon or era.
a. dinosaurs evolve and radiate
b. humans appear
c. oldest fossils of cells (prokaryotes) appear
d. origin of mammals
e. oldest fossils of eukaryotic cells appear
f. major radiation of pollinating insects
g. origin of Earth
h. first invertebrates appear
i. first tetrapods and insects appear
j. the Cambrian explosion
1. Hadean eon
2. Archaean eon
3. Proterozoic eon
4. Paleozoic era
5. Mesozoic era
6. Cenozoic era
Periods, epochs, and ages are further broken into eons, which are themselves divided into eras. They are the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic eons, among others.
The Precambrian supereon is the combined name for the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons.
Solar system creation in the Hadean eon; First microbes & poisonous atmosphere in the Archean eonFirst eukaryotes and the development of oxygen in the Proterozoic eraThe current epoch in earth's history during the Phanerozoic eraLargest mass extinction in earth history occurred during the Paleozoic era.Dinosaur period during the Mesozoic era.Cenozoic period sometimes known as the "Age of Mammals".Learn more about Eon
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although many types of vesicles are similar in size and density, if they are coated with different proteins, it is possible to isolate specific types of vesicles through the use of:
It is possible to isolate specific types of vesicles through the use of antibodies attached to bacteria carriers and low-speed centrifugation.
When working with protein antigens, the antibody molecule makes contact with the antigen over a large portion of its surface that is comparable to the surface that the antigen recognizes. Binding can be caused by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions this binding helps in isolating the specific type of vesicle as antigen and antibody binding is also specific.
low-speed centrifugation will also be of use as it is a method of separation in which the components of a sample are separated in a centrifuge based on their density and the centrifugal force they experience. The samples are spun at about 5000 rpm.
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