Happens are not necessary for antibodies to work. To work, it needs an antigen. They are created by T and B cells rather than T cells.
From where do happens originate?Urushiol, a reactive Quinone-type chemical, gets oxidised in the skin cells after being ingested from a poison ivy plant, where it subsequently interacts with skin proteins to form happen adducts.
Do happens cause T cells to respond?Low molecular weight substances that are unable to start an immune response on their own are referred to as happens. However, these tiny molecular weight substances can provide an antigenic determinant that can cause T-cell activation when they are covalently attached to circulating proteins.
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One way that regulation is often studied is by examining the effects of mutations. For example, mutations within the parts of the lac operon have been well studied. Which of these mutants would be considered a constitutive mutant?.
The mutant so one can be taken into consideration as a constitutive mutant is a mutation withinside the gene for the repressor.
In the sphere of biology, a constitutive mutant may be defined as a mutation that outcomes withinside the overproduction of a gene. This situation takes place due to the fact the gene expression for that unique gene turns into uncontrollable.
A constitutive mutant might also additionally motive a mutation to arise withinside the repression of a gene. Repressors are proteins that prevent gene expression for a selected gene.
If, because of a mutation, a repressor is not capable of prevent the gene expression, then this may be a constitutive mutation.
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Analyze factors that affect carrying compacity
The factors that affect carrying capacity include the following:
FoodShelterWater etc.What is Carrying capacity?This is an ecological term which refers to the maximum number of individuals of a species that the environment can carry and sustain and is dependent on some factors such as food, shelter etc.
In the case of food, shelter and water , their availability in large proportion means that the number of species which the environment can sustain will be higher due to them having a direct relationship.
In the case of the organisms eating well and having a safe shelter , their reproductive rate will increase which will lead to more number of organisms being present in the environment and will therefore increase the carrying capacity in this scenario.
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Which of these is produced during photosynthesis?
A. chemical energy
B. water
C. carbon dioxide
Answer:
it's A
Explanation:
the chemical energy is in the glucose it produces along with the oxygen.
How can too much fertilizer affect an ecosystem ? What are tel ways in which plants could acquire nitrogen
lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?
Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes that receive lymph from the head and neck.
The sides and back of the neck include the cervical lymph nodes. Typically, these glands are incredibly tiny. The superficial and deep nodes, which are further divided into anterior and lateral cervical lymph nodes, are how the lymph nodes of the neck are normally arranged. These lymph nodes collect lymphatic drainage from the head lymph nodes and discharge it into the left or right lymphatic duct of the thoracic cavity.
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biologists have been able to produce mice that lack functioning genes for aquaporins. how would the urine of these mice compare to that of mice with normal aquaporins?
Higher volume and decreased osmolarity are seen in the urine. As a result, the urine is less osmolar than regular pee and has a bigger volume.
What about aquaporins?The majority of aquaporins answer osmotic gradients produced by active solute transport by moving water across cell membranes as their main job.Anybody of a variety of proteins found in cell membranes that let water flow through the membrane.Osmotic gradients control the flow of water through aquaporins.Red cells placed into water will grow and explode because water enters the cell, but red cells thrown into seawater would shrink because water exits the cells.Aquaporins (AQP) are essential membrane proteins that act as conduits for the passage of water and, occasionally, tiny solutes.Animals, plants, and microorganisms all have them preserved.The most Intrinsic Protein (MIP) group of channel proteins, mentioned as aquaporins (AQP), features a big impact on how plants interact with water.Transport of water and other tiny, neutral molecules through cellular biological membranes is the first function of aquaporins in plants.Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential to life and are responsible for preserving water homeostasis and transferring solutes.In response to osmotic gradients in cells, AQPs are tiny integral membrane water transport proteinsLearn more about aquaporins here:
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you have generated mutations in the dna sequence of a eukaryotic promoter at its tata box, resulting in severely reduced transcription of the downstream gene. you have identified a suppressor mutation at an independent gene locus that restores transcription of this gene. this suppressor mutation is most likely a dna sequence that encodes:
This suppressor mutation is most likely a DNA sequence that encodes: The TBP domain of the TFIID protein
A suppressor mutation is a second mutation that mitigates or reverses the phenotypic consequences of an already existing mutation in a process known as a synthetic rescue. Therefore, genetic suppression brings back the phenotype that existed before the initial background mutation.
TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a collection of evolutionarily conserved proteins called TBP-associated factors (TAFs) make up the TFIID protein. To the lp with complex assembly and transcription initiation, TAFs can change general transcription factors (GTFs), operate as coactivators, recognize promoters, and engage in basal transcription. TATA-binding protein (TBP), a protein that binds to TATA, is encoded by this gene. The N-terminal region of TATA-binding protein (TBP) is characterized by a lengthy glutamine chain. This area of the protein controls how actively the C terminus binds to DNA, and changes in DNA binding impact how quickly transcription complexes assemble and how quickly transcription begins. Spinocerebellar ataxia 17 is a neurological ailment that is categorized as a polyglutamine disease. It is caused by an extension of the number of CAG repeats, which normally ranges from 25 to 42 and increases the length of the polyglutamine string.
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you have an rna molecule that contains introns. you wish to carry out an in vitro splicing reaction with this rna and cellular extracts. you want to determine if splicing is occuring via self-splicing or through the spliceosome. what enzyme could you add to the reaction to make this determination?
The enzyme could you add to the reaction to make this determination is Protease.
Splicing via the spliceosome requires a protein whereas self-splicing does not, so adding a protease to the reaction that degrades the protein ensures that the RNA is either spliced via self-splicing or spliced via the spliceosome. You can see if it has been spliced. The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA is that prokaryotic mRNA is polycistronic whereas eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic.
In addition, multiple structural genes of an operon are transcribed into a single mRNA whereas eukaryotic mRNA contains a single gene that is transcribed into one mRNA molecule. A type of RNA called transfer RNA assembles amino acids of proteins amino acid by amino acid. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a stop codon a three-nucleotide sequence that does not code for an amino acid.
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4) How did Jim Curran's team at CDC react to the "new" disease that eventually came to be known as HIV/AIDS? How did their reaction compare or contrast to that of the NIH?
Anyone with HIV was avoided by everyone. The CDC’s reaction to the outbreak was as it should’ve been. And Dr. Jim, with the resources available to him, managed the situation in the best way he could.
What is HIV?
Also known as the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, making the person prone to more infections and diseases. It spreads through contact by bodily fluids of HIV infected person.
If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The human body cannot fight HIV and no known effective cure exists as of today. So once HIV is contracted, it stays for life.
AIDS is the last stage of HIV, where the immune system is badly damaged.
Since it is a contagious disease, everyone avoided anyone with HIV. The CDC handled it in the best way possible, as did Dr. Jim.
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So wind and rain make... *
O
extra water in the ocean
different temperatures of water
O different parts of the ocean have different amounts of salt
O the same temperature and salt in all areas
VERHEADSE
TERESTERE
MERN
Blanse san
SUGHTENER
TOM FEATUIS
digindek
sintisibl
Sentronnic
a relict
Answer:
cc
Explanation:
in pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color, are crossed. what percentage will have white flowers?
In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color, are crossed the white flower percentage will be 25%.
In the given question, the allele for a dominant trait is dominant to the purple flower.
The allele for the dominant flower is- P
The two genotypes for the dominant trait- PP
The allele for the white flower is - p
Therefore genotype for recessive trait- pp
The heterogeneous trait will be: Pp
Gene crossing:
If the cross is made between two white flowers that are between Pp x Pp
P p
P Pp Pp
p Pp pp
The probability of a white flower will be 1/4 which means 25%.
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Match the following facts about food chains and food webs.
______ show one set of predator/prey relationship
______ show all predator/prey relationships in the ecosystem
______ shows how energy is passed through different consumers
______ Does not include producers
a. Both food chains and food webs
b. Food chains
c. Food webs
d. Wrong since both food chains
and food webs do this
Answer:
- Food chains show one set of predator/prey relationship
- Food webs show all predator/prey relationships in the ecosystem
- Both food chains and food webs shows how energy is passed through different consumers
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a new hormone is discovered that appears to play a role in bone development. the hormone is hydrophilic and composed of several amino acids. how should this hormone be classified?
Hormonal transport, because some hormones are water soluble, they can move around freely in the circulation (hydrophilic). Since the steroid hormones are fat soluble and hydrophobic, transport proteins must bind to and move them (like albumin and globulins which are blood proteins produced by the liver).
The membrane is permeable to hydrophobic hormones, which allow them to diffuse through and engage with an intracellular receptor. Contrarily, hydrophilic hormones need to engage cell membrane receptors in order to function. These are frequently linked to a G protein, which is activated as soon as the hormone binds the receptor.Our brain's pituitary gland produces growth hormone, which controls how tall we get, how long our bones get, and how big our muscles get.
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Which factor most likely results in the loss of genetic variation from a small population?.
Answer: one of the factors can be genetic drift! Due to stochastic sampling error
Explanation:
the major disadvantage of cassava as a dietary staple is that it is very low in protein. significant disadvantage of planting hybrid seeds?
Cassava contains less protein than other cereal grains, and the protein it does contain is of poor quality and contains relatively few important amino acids.
Describe proteins.Large, complex proteins known as protein perform a variety of vital roles in the body. They are crucial for the structure, operation, and control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and carry out the majority of their job inside cells.
What are the primary advantages of protein?A vital component of a processes that give you energy and allow your blood to transport oxygen around your body is protein. Furthermore, it helps in the production of antibodies which fight against infections and diseases & stimulates the development of new cells.
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Compared to other cereal grains, cassava has a lower protein content, and the protein that is there is of poorer quality and contains fewer essential amino acids.
Is cassava a sweet potato substitute?
Despite the fact that the spelling is sometimes confused, the two are unrelated. Similar to potatoes, cassava seems to be a root vegetable which can be prepared in a variety of ways. This starchy tuber has thicker skin and the appearance of a butternut squash or yam on the outside. Cassava seems to have a neutral flavour and a tender, airy texture when cooked.
Is cassava unhealthy for You?
Although cassava has a lot of carbohydrates, it also contains a lot of fiber and a good amount of vitamins and minerals.
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question 1 which cell type, molecule, or process listed below does not have a function or rolein both the innate and adaptive immune systems?
All the cell types, molecules, or processes listed above have a function or role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These are macrophages, dendritic cells, complement, AMPs, and phagocytosis.
Innate or nonspecific immunity is the defense system with which we are born. These are the barriers that form the first line of defense in the immune response.
Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system that phagocytose bacteria.
Dendritic cells are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. Complement is a system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a principal first line of defense against invading pathogens. It is an ancient type of innate immunity found universally in all living organisms.
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Complete question:-
Which cell types, molecule, or process listed below does not have a function or role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems?
A) macrophages
B) dendritic cells
C) complement
D) AMPs
E) phagocytosis
Select more than 1 answer
Plasma is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT
A. carries nutrients like glucose and oxygen
B. carries hormones
C. carries antibodies and antitoxins
D. allows the blood to flow because it is mostly water
E. allows the body to maintain body temperature
F. carries waste products like carbon dioxide
in a cross of a homozygous dominant individual with green peas to a homozygous recessive individual with yellow peas, what are the expected genotype frequencies for the offspring?
Mendel noted in his breeding studies that 100% of the YG progeny will have a yellow phenotype because the Y (yellow) allele is dominant over the G (green) allele in pea plants.
Heterozygous genotype refers to an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This genotype's designation in our case is Bb. Finally, homozygous recessive refers to an organism's genotype that consists of two recessive alleles. This genotype is represented as bb in the example of the eye colour.
A mating experiment between two organisms that are equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross. A heterozygous organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a certain genetic location, making it a hybrid.
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nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue: a.adenoids b.paranasal sinuses c.mucosa d.epiglottis e.visceral pleura
The correct answer is a) Adenoids
They are present high up ion the throat behind nose. Adenoid glands are a part of the immune system that help in fighting the body against pathological bacteria and viruses that may cause infection. The adenoids are removed during an adenoidectomy if they have grown swollen or enlarged due to an infection or allergies. The lymphatic system fights infection and maintain body fluids in balance.
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You're studying a sample of igneous rock. The rock formed within Earth's crust. The sample contains a very high concentration of dark-colored, high-density minerals. Classify the rock by type and composition.
Answer: Rhyolite
Explanation: Rhyolite is an extrusive igneous rock. It is formed by the volcanic eruption. This rock have glassy appearance. It is a fine grained rock. It has light color due to small grain size and deposition of silica so the color is pink or gray. It also comprises of dark colored mineral specks like quartz, sanidine, plagioclase, biotite, and others. This rock also comprises of trapped gases. The rock appears in the crystalline form and appearance. The low content of the mafic minerals also contribute to the light color of the rhyolite rock.
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a 75 year-old male presents to the er with the following stroke findings: right-sided hemiparesis (face and hand more affected than leg), homonymous hemianopsia of the right half of both visual fields, and aphasia. where is the location of his stroke?
B-shaped middle cerebral artery. As well as sensory findings in the PCA, amourosis fugax, or visual abnormalities in the internal carotid (ACA findings more common in the legs than the hands),
What are some homonym examples?Homophones are two words that have completely different meanings yet share the same spelling or sound. One wonderful homonym is "bear," which in addition being the word of an animal, also denotes "tolerating anything."
Why are homophones used?Numerous advantageous learning opportunities are provided by homophones. With the use of homophones, students may more clearly appreciate the benefits of phonemic writing and the variations between English pronunciation and spelling.
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phenotypes that are influenced by the combined effects of both genetic and environmental factors are called
Phenotypic plasticity is the effect of both genetic and environmental factors.
What is Phenotypic plasticity?
It is basically defined as the ability of single genotypes to make different phenotypes when they are exposed to various environmental factors. It permits species to keep up with environmental changes (global changes) due to its environmental variability response mechanism.
Phenotypic plasticity is particularly crucial for plants, whose life style requires them to deal with constant ambient changes.
For example: water flea(daphnia) clones which are genetically identical, can have different morphologies depending on whether they were grown in presence or absence of predator.
Therefore, Phenotypic plasticity is the effect of both genetic and environmental factors
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a particular virus strain is highly effective in activating an immune response. in other words it has a high degree of
A particular virus strain is highly effective in activating an immune response. in other words it has a high degree of immunogenicity .
Immunogenicity tells about the capability of a molecules to induce cellular and humoral immune response. Immunogenicity of any antigen is defined by four properties these are Foreignness, molecular size, chemical composition and heterogenicity .
Proteins and few polysaccharides have immunogenic properties, that allows them to induce humoral immune responses They are chemically more complex also bacteria , have so many different proteins and each different protein have different epitopes.
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Use the background information to write a CER responding to the driving question:
"Why is there so much peat?"
Your CER must Include:
• Components: Living and nonliving components of the Arctic system.
Interactions: Flow of energy and matter between the components.
•Mechanism: Role of cellular respiration.
• Evidence: At least two pieces of evidence from our investigations.
• Label the sentences for your claim, evidence, and reasoning.
Peat forms when plant material does not fully decay in acidic and anaerobic conditions.
Wetland vegetation, primarily bog plants comprising mosses, sedges, and shrubs, make up the majority of its composition. The peat traps water as it builds up. This gradually makes the environment wetter, which permits it.
Peat is often hand-cut and allowed to dry out in the sun. However, businesses may employ compression to extract moisture from either the peat, which would be soft enough readily compressed as well as may be used as gasoline once dry, for industrial uses. of wetlands to grow.
The three types of peat are fibric, hemic, and sapric. The least decomposed peats contain intact fiber and are called fabric peats. Sapric peats are among the most degraded, followed by hemic peats.
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space between the lungs in the chest: a.trachea b.peritoneum c.pleura d.mediastinum e.bronchial tubes
The space between the lungs in the chest: (c) pleura.
Lungs are the respiratory organs that are involved in the exchange of gases from the body. They are connected to the respiratory tract that mediates the passage of air to and from the outer environment. On the lungs are very small air sacs that increase the surface area of lungs in order to maximize the exchange.
Pleura is actually a thin layer of tissue surrounding the lungs. Its function is to protect the lungs from sudden shock and injury. The cells of pleura also produce a fluid that functions to cushion the lungs.
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the combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory effects on a postsynaptic cell will decide whether that cell generates an action potential. this principle is called .
Combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory effects on a postsynaptic cell decide whether cell generates an action potential and his principle is called summation.
What is summation?Additive effect of several electrical impulses on a neuromuscular junction that is the junction between a nerve cell and muscle cell is called summation. The stimuli cannot evoke a response individually but collectively they can generate a response.
Summation is the process of adding things up and similarly in the case of nervous system, it is about adding up the effect of multiple stimuli.
Summation is a neurotransmitter-induced tug-of-war between all excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Outcome of the contest determines whether a postsynaptic neuron becomes an active element in the neural circuit to which it belongs or not.
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Thymine makes up 24% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be adenine?
Answer: 24%
Explanation:
In double stranded DNA Thymine binds to Adenine. The number of Thymine and adenine should be equal .
. from the examination of the structures of lactose and starch, which saccharide(s) would be produced from the hydrolysis of each?
From the examination of the structures of lactose and starch, Glucose and galactose saccharide(s) would be produced from the hydrolysis of each.
Lactose is a milk disaccharide. It is hydrolyzable to produce one unit of glucose and one unit of galactose. Lactose is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing this hydrolysis. Lactose malabsorption causes digestive symptoms in lactose intolerance. Lactose malabsorption occurs when your small intestine is unable to digest or break down all of the lactose you consume. Lactose is composed of two carbohydrates: -D galactose and -D glucose.. As a result, when hydrolyzed, it yields -D galactose and -D glucose.
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Explore the biotic and abiotic factors of this system in the Factors menu, including the definitions of how
these factors are measured. Describe the difference between how the fishes are counted and how the
algae and coral are counted.
In ecology, biotic and abiotic elements refer to all living and nonliving components of an ecosystem. Biotic variables are related to living creatures and their interactions. Abiotic variables are non-living ecosystem components such as sunshine, water, temperature, wind, and nutrients.
The fish are estimated within a certain area while the coral and algae are calculated by seeing how many algae and coral cover the reef.
What are the benefits of Abiotic Factors to the Factors Menu?Abiotic variables are non-living elements of the environment that have a significant impact on living organisms. They can assist in determining how tall trees grow, where animals and plants live, and why birds migrate. Water, sunshine, oxygen, soil, and temperature are the most significant abiotic variables.
Abiotic variables are the ecosystem's non-living components, which include chemical and physical elements. Abiotic variables have an impact on other abiotic factors.
Furthermore, they have a significant influence on the diversity and quantity of life in an ecosystem, whether on land or in water. Living creatures would be unable to consume, develop, or reproduce without the presence of abiotic forces. The following is a list of some of the most important abiotic elements.
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a heterozygous brown rabbit is crossed with a homozygous white rabbit. what percentage of the offspring would be white?
50 % percentage of the offspring would be white This is a test cross,
A test cross is , a cross between heterozygous individual is crossed with homozygous recessive trait.
Taken,
heterozygous rabbit - Bb ( brown)
homozygous rabbit - bb ( white )
when we cross the heterozygous brown rabbit with homozygous white,
Bb X bb - PARENTS
the gametes are - B b b b
offspring - Bb Bb bb bb
The results are 50 % heterozygous brown ( Bb) and 50% white (bb)
therefore, 50 % percentage of the offspring would be white.
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