4 major manufacturing firms in Nepal
Nepal Lever Ltd.Himalayan Snacks Pvt. Ltd.Unitech Nepal Pvt. Ltd.Gorkha Brewery Pvt. Ltd.Nepal Lever Ltd. has 3 divisions homecare, Beauty and personal care and has a long history going back to the 1950s, it has FnR that aims for consistent, competitive, profitable and responsible growth.
Himalayan Snacks Pvt. Ltd. was established in 1900 and deals in supplying and trading noodles, foodstuffs, etc. The supplier company is located in Kathmandu, Bagmati.
Unitech Nepal Pvt. Ltd. offers a variety of products and services, some of which are software development, e-web development, mobile application development, digital marketing and IT consulting.
Gorkha Brewery Pvt. Ltd. deals with the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages and was established in 1989 in Kathmandu, Nepal.
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1. A Company manufactures and sells one product. The product has the following cost and revenue data:
Selling price Per Unit (AED) 70
Variable cost Per Unit (AED) 30
Total fixed expenses per month are as follows:
Expenses types AED
Advertising 327287
Rent 100,000
Heating 100,000
The company produced and sold 10,000 units during the month and had no beginning or ending inventories.
a. What is the break-even value in Dirhams?
QUESTION 2
1. A Company manufactures and sells one product. The product has the following cost and revenue data
Selling price Per Unit (AED) 88
Variable cost Per Unit (AED) 30
Total fixed expenses per month are as follows:
Expenses types AED
Advertising 372923
Rent 100,000
Heating 100,000
The company produced and sold 10,000 units during the month and had no beginning or ending inventories.
a. How many units would the company have to sell to have a profit of AED 120,000?
QUESTION 3
1. A Company manufactures and sells one product. The product has the following cost and revenue data:
Selling price Per Unit (AED) 116
Variable cost Per Unit (AED) 39
Total fixed expenses per month are as follows:
Expenses types AED
Advertising 200,000
Rent 100,000
Heating 100,000
The company produced and sold 10,000 units during the month and had no beginning or ending inventories.
a. If the sales increase by 200 units, by how much well the net operating income (profit) increase?
1. In dirhams, the break-even point is roughly 13,182.18.
2. To make a profit of AED 120,000, the company would need to sell about 11,954.93 units.
3. When sales grow by 200 units, the net operating income rises by 8,000 dirhams.
1. a. We must establish the contribution margin per unit in order to calculate the break-even amount in dirhams. The selling price per unit less the variable cost per unit is the contribution margin.
Selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit equals contribution margin per unit.
Unit contribution margin = 70 - 30
Margin of contribution per unit = 40
When the overall contribution margin meets the total fixed expenses, a break-even point is reached. Let's figure out the break-even point:
Total fixed costs divided by contribution margin per unit yields the break-even amount.
Break-even value is equal to (327287 plus 100,000 plus 100,000) / 40.
Break-even value is equal to 527,287/40.
13,182.18 dirhams are needed to break even.s
2. b. Taking into account the contribution margin per unit and fixed expenses, we can determine how many units the company would need to sell to make AED 120,000 in profit.
Profit is equal to (Contribution margin per unit * Units Sold) - Total annual fixed costs
We may find the number of units by rearranging the formula:
(Number of units) = (Profit + Total fixed expenses) / Contribution margin per unit
(Number of units) = (120,000 + 372,923 + 100,000 + 100,000) / (88 - 30)
(Number of units) = 692,923 / 58
(Number of units) = 11,954.93 units
3. c. We must take into account the contribution margin per unit to determine the increase in net operating income (profit) when sales increase by 200 units.
Net operating income growth equals contribution margin per unit * growth in units
Net operating income growth equals 40 times 200.
8,000 dirhams more in net operating income
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Keesha Company borrows $175,000 cash on November 1 of the current year by signing a 180-day, 9%, $175,000 note
After 180 days from the borrowing date, Keesha Company must pay the lender a total of $183,219.18.
Given
Borrowing = $175,000
Rate = 9%
Time = 180 days
Assume: 365 days
Required to calculate the total repaid amount after 180 days
Interest = Borrowing x rate x time / 365 x 365
= $175,000 x 9 x 180 / 365 x 100
= $8219.18
Amount repaid = borrowing + interest
= $175,000 + $8219.18
= $183,219.18
Therefore, After 180 days from the borrowing date, Keesha Company must pay the lender a total of $183,219.18.
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How many stages does the process of final accounting have?
The process of final accounting typically involves four stages.
How many stages does process of final accounting have?These stages are:
1. Recording: In this stage, financial transactions are recorded in the appropriate accounts using the double-entry bookkeeping system.
2. Adjusting: Adjusting entries are made to account for accruals, deferrals, and other adjustments necessary to ensure that the financial statements reflect the correct financial position and results of operations.
3. Summarizing: In this stage, the adjusted trial balance is prepared, and the financial statements are generated, including the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.
4. Closing: The final stage involves closing the temporary accounts, such as revenue and expense accounts, into the retained earnings account to start the new accounting period with zero balances in those accounts.
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If net income is $2,600 and owner withdrawals are $7,300, how much did the owner contribute (owner, capital)?
Owner, Capital
Answer:
The answer is: $4,700
Explanation:
In this question we need to use the accounting equation to solve the problem:
Accounting Equation:
Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
Owner's Equity = Owner, Capital + Net Income - Owner Withdrawals
Now we solve:
Net Income is: $2,600
The owner's Withdrawals are: $7,300
Now, we can use the accounting equation to get:
Owner, Capital = Assets - Liabilities - Net income + Owner Withdrawals
However, there is no information about assets and liabilities, we can assume that they are equal to Zero(0).
Hence, Owner, capital = 0 - 0 - 2,600 + 7,300 = 4,700
= 0 - 2,600 + 7,300
= -2,600 + 7,300
= $4,700
Draw Conclusion:
The answer is: $4,700
Hope this helps!
Please look at the attached document
When compared to previous years, if the provision for doubtful debts rises in the coming year, it indicates that the business believes there is a greater chance that consumers would miss payments. That is the additional information an analyst would determine from the variability concern.
In 2016 the company's doubtful debts increase to 45,236 which is higher than we compared with the doubtful debts of 2015 43,230 it means that increases in the provision for doubtful debts are a sign of potential risks and uncertainties in the business's receivables, but they do not guarantee that all of the company's customers would be unable to payment their bills. The corporation is being proactive by taking this action to maintain a conservative financial position and account for potential losses.
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impact of ordinary shares
Answer:
Explanation:Key Takeaways. Three characteristic benefits are typically granted to owners of ordinary shares: voting rights, gains, and limited liability. Common stock, through capital gains and ordinary dividends, has proven to be a great source of returns for investors, on average and over time.
Mr. Udefien commence business on |" of January 20x8 by transferring 720,000 from his private current account into a bank account which he had opened for the business. His transaction for the month of January 20x8 was and follows;
January 1
Bought goods on credit from Yakubu
120.000
January 2
Withdraw cash from bank for office use
18.000
January 3
Sold on credit to Dauda
150,000
January 4
Bought goods on credit from Bashiru
180.000
January 6
Sold goods to Okechukwu on credit
220.000
January 7
Paid rent by cash
2,500
January 9
Withdraw cash from office till for personal use
3.000
January 10
Bought goods from Bemigho on credit
100.000
January 11
Goods returned by Dauda
17,000
January 12
Sold goods on credit to Anthony
140,000
January 14
Cash purchases from Ekpulu paid by cheque
40.000
January 15
Goods returned to Yakubu
8.200
January 16
Cost of goods taken for private use
5,000
January 17
Sold goods (selling price N20,000) to Akintola giving a trade discount of 10%
20,000
January 25
Goods returned to Bemigho
5.000
January 26
Purchased goods worth 70,000 on credit from A minu at a trade discount of 10%
January 27
Paid cash of w18.000 to Bemigho after deducting discount of 10%
January 29
Received cash from Dauda in full settlement of his account
January 29
Cheque received from Anthony
January 30
Deposited cash into bank
January 30
Paid salaries by cash
January 31
Withdrew cash from bank to pay his son's school fees
January 31
Paid Bashiru by cheque
130.000
50,000
80,000
5,000
3,000
80.000
You are required to prepare
i. write up a 3 column cash book and other subsidiary books
The cash book helps track cash and bank transactions, while the purchases journal, sales journal, and returns journal assist in categorizing specific types of transactions. These books enable efficient record-keeping and facilitate financial analysis and reconciliation processes.
To prepare the necessary books for Mr. Udefien's business transactions in January 20x8, we will create a three-column cash book along with subsidiary books such as the purchases journal, sales journal, and returns journal. Here's a breakdown of the entries:
Cash Book:
Date | Particulars | Cash | Bank |
Jan 1 | Bought goods on credit from Yakubu | | |
| (Credit purchase) | | |
Jan 2 | Withdraw cash from bank for office use | 18,000 | |
Jan 3 | Sold on credit to Dauda | | |
| (Credit sale) | | |
Jan 4 | Bought goods on credit from Bashiru | | |
| (Credit purchase) | | |
Jan 6 | Sold goods to Okechukwu on credit | | |
| (Credit sale) | | |
Jan 7 | Paid rent by cash | 2,500 | |
Jan 9 | Withdraw cash from office till for personal use | 3,000 | |
Jan 10 | Bought goods from Bemigho on credit | | |
| (Credit purchase) | | |
Jan 11 | Goods returned by Dauda | | |
| (Credit sale return) | | |
Jan 12 | Sold goods on credit to Anthony | | |
| (Credit sale) | | |
Jan 14 | Cash purchases from Ekpulu paid by cheque | 40,000 | |
Jan 15 | Goods returned to Yakubu | | |
| (Credit purchase return) | | |
Jan 16 | Cost of goods taken for private use | 5,000 | |
Jan 17 | Sold goods to Akintola | | |
| (Credit sale) | | |
Jan 25 | Goods returned to Bemigho | | |
Jan 26 | Purchased goods on credit from Aminu | | |
| (Credit purchase) | | |
Jan 27 | Paid cash to Bemigho after discount | 18,000 | |
Jan 29 | Received cash from Dauda | 150,000 | |
Jan 29 | Cheque received from Anthony | | |
Jan 30 | Deposited cash into bank | | |
Jan 30 | Paid salaries by cash | 80,000 | |
Jan 31 | Withdrew cash from bank to pay son's school fees | 5,000 | |
Jan 31 | Paid Bashiru by cheque | | 130,000 |
Purchases Journal:
Date | Supplier | Amount |
Jan 1 | Yakubu | 120,000 |
Jan 4 | Bashiru | 180,000 |
Jan 10 | Bemigho | 100,000 |
Jan 26 | Aminu | 70,000 |
Sales Journal:
Date | Customer | Amount |
Jan 3 | Dauda | 150,000 |
Jan 6 | Okechukwu | 220,000 |
Jan 12 | Anthony | 140,000 |
Jan 17 | Akintola | 20,000 |
Returns Journal:
Date | Supplier/Customer | Amount |
Jan 11 | Dauda | 17,000 |
Jan 15 | Yakubu | 8,200 |
Jan 25 | Bemigho | 5,000 |
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The Learning Activity titled “Presentation Aids” discusses the importance of using visual aids when presenting. What is one example that the reading mentions is an appropriate visual aid for a presentation about Abraham Lincoln? Now, imagine you are giving a presentation on your favorite car. Using the guidelines given in this Activity on what an appropriate presentation aid is, name a presentation aid you would use for your presentation? Why did you pick this presentation aid? How does it meet the criteria given in this Activity
We pick this presentation aid because it will align with the purpose and context of your presentation while effectively conveying information to your audience. This presentation aid meets the criteria given in the activity because of Relevance, Visual Appeal, Supportive Role.
For a presentation on Abraham Lincoln, an appropriate visual aid could be a slideshow featuring relevant images of Lincoln, such as photographs, paintings, or illustrations depicting significant events or milestones in his life. This visual aid helps to engage the audience, create visual interest, and reinforce the key points being discussed about Lincoln's life, accomplishments, or historical context.
Now, considering a presentation on your favorite car, an appropriate presentation aid could be a physical prop or model of the car. By bringing an actual model or prop to the presentation, you provide a tangible representation of the car, allowing the audience to see its design, features, and overall appearance.
This presentation aid meets the criteria given in the activity because:
Relevance: The prop or model directly relates to the topic of the presentation, which is your favorite car. It helps to convey information about the car's physical attributes, aesthetics, and unique features.
Visual Appeal: The physical presence of the prop or model adds visual interest to the presentation. It allows the audience to see and potentially interact with the representation of the car, enhancing their understanding and engagement.
Supportive Role: The prop or model serves as a supporting visual aid, reinforcing your spoken content and helping the audience visualize the car's details. It complements your verbal explanations and can create a more memorable and immersive experience for the audience.
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Assignment Directions: You're the assistant to the chief executive in charge of technology acquisition, and your boss wants to change cell phone carriers for the entire company! It's your job to determine your company's cell phone needs, research different service plans, and make a presentation on the pros and cons of each plan for the purposes of your company. Does your business need more minutes; more texting; more data; international calling; or more super-fancy phones? In this project, you will conduct research on three cell phone service plans. Find the following information: the company; the most suitable available phones; the price; features; and length of service. Compare and contrast the services provided and the cost of extra services. When you compare and contrast, be sure to compare apples to apples. For example, compare data plan features to data plan features, not cell phone camera pixels to Words with Friends capability. Which would you choose for your business and why? Which do you think Shirley Bobirley, Chief Executive Cell Phone Officer, is going to choose, based on your presentation? Assignment Guidelines: Create a business presentation that presents a clear point of view with support. This presentation may be via PowerPoint (minimum 6 slides) or paper (minimum 500 words). Your project should present all of the information effectively and clearly. Regardless of which presentation you choose, you should be prepared to actually present your findings to an audience. Submission Requirements: Business presentation When submitting written assignments, please remember to: Submit the assignment question(s) and your responses. Proofread for spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Remember to use complete sentence structure. Make sure paragraphs have at least six sentences.
I will take on the assignment of figuring out our company's cell phone needs, researching several service plans, and creating a presentation on the benefits and drawbacks of each plan as the chief executive's assistant in charge of purchasing technology.
Find out how many employees need cell phone services. Specify the particular attributes and functions necessary, such as data service plans, phone minutes, text messaging, international calling, etc. Take into account any particular industry standards or laws that may have an impact on the service plans you choose.
Examine the service packages each provider offers, taking into account elements like cost, contract details, and billing alternatives. Including internet allotments, voice minutes, text messaging, international roaming, and device compatibility, compare the features and advantages of each package.
Examine any extra benefits or services provided, such as device insurance, free use of particular apps, or corporate discounts. Think about the technical support and customer care that each service provider offers.
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In the month of June, Angela's Beauty Salon gave 3,500 haircuts, shampoos, and permanents at an average price of $30. During the month, fixed costs were $16,800 and variable costs were 80% of sales. Instructions (a) Prepare the Contribution Margin Income statement and determine the contribution margin in dollars, per unit, and as a ratio. (b)Using the contribution margin technique, compute the break-even point in dollars and in units.
(a) Contribution margin income statement is also known as the contribution income statement. It is a form of an income statement that emphasizes the cost-behavior information. This statement classifies costs as fixed and variable and computes a contribution margin.
The contribution margin is the difference between the sales revenue and the total variable expenses. From the contribution margin, we can deduct the fixed costs to get the net operating income.
Contribution Margin Income Statement for Angela’s Beauty Salon:Particulars Amount ($)Sales revenue1,05,000Less: Variable expenses8,400 (80% of $1,05,000)Contribution margin 96,600Less: Fixed expenses16,800Net operating income79,800Contribution margin per unit = Contribution margin / Units sold = $96,600 / 3,500= $27.60Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin
Sales revenue = $96,600 / $1,05,000 = 92%(b) The contribution margin technique is a method to determine the break-even point. Break-even point refers to the level of sales where the total costs are equal to the total revenues. The contribution margin is the key factor to determine the break-even point.
Break-even point (in dollars) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin ratio= $16,800 / 0.92 = $18,260.87Break-even point (in units) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit= $16,800 /
$27.60 = 608.70 ≈ 609 unitsSo, Angela’s Beauty Salon should sell at least 609 units at an average price of $30 to break even.
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