In ardi's intermediate type of bipedality, moving over tree branches with the palms and feet is incorporated.
The capacity to stand erect and move on two legs is known as bipedalism. Only humans employ this position as their main form of propulsion, however many other primates can stand up and move around for brief periods of time.
Bipedality may have started as early as 6 million years ago, according to fossil evidence. Our ancestors, however, made their first steps as devoted bipeds with Australopithecus, an early hominid that emerged in Southern and Eastern Africa between 4 and 2 million years ago. However, little is still known by scientists regarding the conditions that gave rise to this feature.
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5) in contrast to inorganic catalysts, enzymes have an intricately shaped binding surface called the . a) substrate b) cofactor c) active site d) apoenzyme e) holoenzyme
In contrast to inorganic catalysts, enzymes have an intricately shaped binding surface called the - active site.
The correct option is c.
Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical processes, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. Enzymes are a part of all living things. Enzymes are created by our bodies spontaneously.
The vital function of enzymes is to reduce the activation energy of a process, or the amount of energy required for the reaction to start. In order to facilitate the chemical bond-breaking and bond-forming processes, enzymes bind to reactant molecules and keep them in place.
Metals and their oxides supported on porous materials are examples of inorganic catalysts, also known as heterogeneous catalysts, which imitate the exquisite function of enzymes found in nature's catalysts. Through adsorption, the reactants attach to the active sites on the metal surface.
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which of the following occurrences describes how recombination between linked genes comes about? group of answer choices independent assortment sometimes fails. nonrecombinant chromosomes break and then rejoin with one another. linked genes travel together at anaphase. crossovers between these genes result in chromosomal exchange.
crossovers between these genes result in chromosomal exchange.
Linked genes move along at the same anaphase.
Genes that are near to one another on the same chromosome are linked and move through meiosis together. As a result, related genes do not assort separately.
The genes are positioned near together if the recombination frequency is low; however, if it is high, the genes are spread out.
Every trait is inherited independently of every other trait, according to Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
The genes independently assort if they are situated on various chromosomes.
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what is another term for the cellular response that results in the delay of division of cells in the cell cycle?
Mitotic delay is another name for the cellular reaction that causes a delay in cell division during the cell cycle. Microtubule poisons that cause a mitotic delay also activate DNA damage signalling, which has an impact on subsequent cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
The term "mitotic catastrophe" refers to a mechanism of postponed mitosis-related cell death, a series of circumstances resulting from cells entering mitosis prematurely or inappropriately, which can be brought on by chemical or physical stresses. Mitotic catastrophe, which is seen in cells lacking functional apoptotic pathways, is unrelated to programmed cell death. It has been noticed after ionising radiation-induced delayed DNA damage. Other factors that can cause it include substances that affect the integrity of microtubule spindles, some anticancer medications, and mitotic failure brought on by faulty cell cycle checkpoints. When there are errors in the division of the genetic material between daughter cells, this mechanism can go into action. The main cause of reproductive cell death in cancer cells exposed to ionising radiation is mitotic catastrophe. Many cells die after an aberrant mitosis brought on by a mitotic catastrophe, however not all do. Following subsequent attempts at cell division, cells that do not immediately die are likely to produce aneuploid cells, which increases the risk of oncogenesis. Using meiotic cell division pathways, a tiny portion of these aneuploid cells produced by mitotic catastrophe may later undergo reductive division to decrease DNA ploidy.
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in crosses between fish of the two different morphologies, the lack of bony armor segregates as a recessive trait that maps to the ectodermal dysplasin (eda) gene. comparisons between the eda-coding regions of the armored and non-armored fish revealed no differences. what is the explanation for this result? in crosses between fish of the two different morphologies, the lack of bony armor segregates as a recessive trait that maps to the ectodermal dysplasin (eda) gene. comparisons between the eda-coding regions of the armored and non-armored fish revealed no differences. what is the explanation for this result? the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be in allelic forms of eda. the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be regulatory sequences controlling eda expression. the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be some other gene controlling the development of bony plates. the difference between the two species of sticklebacks would be conferred by environmental signals.
The explanation for the result of comparisons between the EDA-coding regions of the armoured and non-armoured fish revealed no differences in the difference between the two species of sticklebacks that would be conferred by environmental signals.
Thus, the correct option is E.
What is ectodermal dysplasia (EDA)?The EDА gene provides instructions for mаking а protein cаlled ectodysplаsin А. This protein is pаrt of а signаling pаthwаy thаt plаys аn importаnt role in development before birth. Specificаlly, it is criticаl for interаctions between two embryonic cell lаyers cаlled the ectoderm аnd the mesoderm.
Аrmor plаte chаnges in sticklebаcks аre а clаssic exаmple of repeаted аdаptive evolution. Previous studies identified ectodysplаsin (EDА) gene аs the mаjor locus controlling recurrent plаte loss in freshwаter fish. Here we show thаt freshwаter EDА аlleles hаve cis-аcting regulаtory chаnges thаt reduce expression in developing plаtes аnd spines. Аn identicаl T → G bаse pаir chаnge is found in EDА enhаncers of divergent low-plаted fish. Recreаtion of the T → G chаnge in а mаrine enhаncer strongly reduces expression in posterior аrmor plаtes.
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After an initial infection, b-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?.
Answer:
The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
Explanation:
Hope this helps^^
Answer: See Below
Explanation:
B-cells function is to memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response.
if almost every surface we touch is inhabited by bacteria, why don't bacterial infections occur more often?
It is because our immune system fights off bacteria.
In most cases, bacteria and the immune system communicate through proteins on the surfaces of the bacteria that the immune system recognizes.
Additionally, certain bacteria produce chemicals that affect our immune cells, either by altering their composition or function by producing more or fewer immune cells.
A strong immune system can fight against pathogens—or disease-causing microorganisms—invading healthy tissue, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and cancer cells.
The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic depends on our ability to comprehend how the immune system functions and how we can better safeguard our bodies.
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Describe two problems in the loop you have created that can produce an imbalance of sugar in the blood and lead to diabetes.
If the pancreas does not have the ability to release insulin and If the insulin released by the pancreas does not correctly bind to the insulin receptors.
When a person has diabetes, their pancreas is either unable to produce any insulin or not enough insulin to control blood sugar levels. The absence of insulin prevents the body from using glucose as a fuel source.
If the pancreas is unable to release insulin or if the insulin it does release fails to properly attach to the insulin receptors. A lack of insulin can result in too much glucose in the blood, which can upset the equilibrium. Your body may create too much insulin, which may lead to a sugar imbalance and low blood sugar levels.
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uiuc anth 246 what other traits in humans do you think follow the characteristics of simple inherited traits?
The following traits are examples of simple inherited traits: They are monogenic, or caused by just one particular gene. They could be binary or discontinuous.
What sort of characteristics are examples?Characteristics like honesty, loyalty, kindness, and impatience are examples of character traits. These are just a few of the many character traits that might help you better understand yourself or the people around you.
What characteristics are common?The most common system of attributes is the Five-Factor Theory. The acronym OCEAN, which stands for Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, & Neuroticism, can be used to remember these five basic characteristics.
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Look at the diagram. What is the compound shown? Give the name, not the symbols.
Answer:
where is that diagram shown
Determine the proportion of various phenotypes of offspring that this couple may have.
This pair may have 1/8 type O with N antigens kids, which is a proportion of different phenotypes.
The man's genotype is I⁰I⁰ and the woman's genotype is IᵃI⁰ because the man has type O blood and the woman has children with him. Their offspring's genotypes will be as follows:
F/M I⁰ I⁰
Iᵃ IᵃI⁰ IᵃI⁰
I⁰ I⁰I⁰ I⁰I⁰
Children with O group blood have a 0.5 chance of being born, and children with A group blood have a 0.5 chance. The MN antigen is heterozygous for both people. Following are the odds of inheriting MN antigens:
F/M M N
M MM MN
N MN NN
0.25 percent of people have the homozygous M antigen type.
The likelihood of having the MN antigen type is 0.5.
0.25 percent of people have homozygous N antigen types.
As these two events are independent of one another, the chance of ABO blood group and MN antigen inheritance is the product of their individual probabilities.
Type A with M antigen is equal to 0.5 x 0.25 x 0.125 x 1/8.
Antigens M and N in Type A = 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.25 x 1.4
N antigen type A = 0.5 x 0.25 x 0.125 x 1/8
Type O antigen M = 0.5 0.25 0.125 1/8
Type O antigens M and N = 0.25 = 1/4
0.125 = 1/8 for type O with N antigens.
In the event that both parents are heterozygous for the gene (Hh) in charge of the synthesis of the H substance, then
Type A: 3/32 with M antigen
Antigen type A with M and N: 6/32
Type A: 3/32 with N antigen
5/32 for type O with M antigen.
Antigens M and N for type O: 10/32
5/32 for type O with N antigens.
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COMPLETE QUESTIONS:
A woman with type A blood (whose father was type O) has children with a man that has type O blood. Both individuals are heterozygous for the MN antigen.
Recall that MN blood group antigens are independent of the ABO locus, and that the alleles are codominant.
Determine the proportion of various phenotypes of offspring that this couple may have.
Type A with M antigen:
Type A with M and N antigens:
Type A with N antigen:
Type O with M antigen:
Type O with M and N antigens:
Type O with antigen:
Options: 0, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 1
How would the results from Part A change if both parents are also heterozygous for the gene controlling the synthesis of the H substance (Hh)?
Type A with M antigen:
Type A with M and N antigens:
Type A with N antigen:
Type O with M antigen:
Type O with M and N antigens:
Type O with antigen:
Options: 0, 1/32, 3/32, 5/32, 6/32, 10/32, 1
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
c) Plants
Explanation:
We can conclude that plant is the producer from the given picture. Therefore, the option (c) is the correct answer.
Answer:
c: plants
Explanation:
producers are any green plants and they are capable of creating of their own food
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What is a group of cells that run from left to right and are identified by numbers?.
Using the concepts of cell ,we got that range is a group of cells that run from left to right and identified by numbers.
Cell, in biology, is basically the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all the living things are composed. A single cell is also a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast. Other cells which acquire specialized functions as they mature. These cells cooperate also with other specialized cells and become building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
Hence, the group of cells that run from left to right and are identified by numbers is range.
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explain the test the scientist devised to examine cats knowledge
Cats knowledge is tested via the objects showing to the cats if they look for it or not.
What is the cats level of intelligence ?A cat's behavior is exactly to that of 2 years old toddler.
To test a cat's intelligence, show a cat a toy and hide the object behind something. In case if the cat tries to find the toy behind the object then the cat may have above-average intelligence. A try can be done on this as well that we can also try placing a container of your cat's food or treats next to its food bowl.
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Oxygen is important in the oxidation of glucose because it ____________________________.
Answer:
is highly electronegative
Explanation:
how was stone tool technology important to homo evolution? discuss one physical change or one cultural change in either homo habilis or homo erectus that was enabled by tool use.
Early human creations, such as stone tools and other artefacts, provide evidence of how they lived, interacted mostly with their environment, and changed over time.
Early stone tools, now called as the Oldowan Industrial Complex, were made and used by habilis. These were pebble cores having rough flaking struck off, making "choppers," whose pointed edge was perfect for butchering, chopping, and scraping off flesh from bones.
Many people believe that the earliest Homo species, like Homo habilis, credited with inventing the first basic (Oldowan) stone tools. However, when Homo erectus first showed up in Africa 1.8–1.7 million years ago, a fresh stone tool technology known as the Acheulian, mostly with purposefully moulded large cutting tools like handaxes, emerged.
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What is determined by genes that direct the amount of eumelanin or pheomelanin produced by
melanocytes associated with hair follicles?
The type and amount of melanin produced by melanocytes is determined by genes. Eumelanin is a dark brown to black pigment that is responsible for brown and black hair colors. Pheomelanin is a reddish-brown pigment that is responsible for red and blonde hair colors.
What are eumelanin and pheomelanin?
A dark pigment called eumelanin is the main component of black and brunette hair. The pigment eumelanin comes in two varieties (brown eumelanin and black eumelanin). Blond hair is reportedly caused by a minor amount of brown eumelanin in the absence of other pigments. The redder parts of the skin, such as the lips, are concentrated with pheomelanin, a lighter pigment that is present in red hair. People with red hair typically have fairly pale skin that burns rapidly when exposed to the sun because they are less able to produce the dark eumelanin pigment.
The amount of a pigment called melanin in hair determines hair color. People with black or brown hair have high levels of eumelanin, one kind of melanin. Red hair is caused by an excess of pheomelanin, another pigment.
Hence, eumelanin and pheomelanin are responsible for hair color.
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An occult blood test is a fecal test to determine gastrointestinal ______________ that is not visible.
Though not all tumours or polyps bleed, occult blood in the stool may be an indication of colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum.
What is occult gastric blood?A quick screening test called Gastroccult is intended to find hidden blood in gastric aspirate or vomitus. Doctors can diagnose and treat a variety of disorders, including gastrointestinal secretions, hernatemosis, and abnormal stomach acid, with the help of gastric content analysis.
What is the most frequent source of occult blood in stools?Some of the more common causes are small bowel tumours, esophagitis, peptic ulcers, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular ectasias, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and colon cancer.
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Which group of components is common to the circulatory systems of most living animals?
Vessels, heart, and circulating fluid is the group of components common to the circulatory systems of most living animals.
The circulatory system, which is composed of blood vessels and aids in transporting blood away from and in the direction of the heart, can be thought of as a system in the body. Both the arteries and the vein are present there; the arteries assist in moving blood away from the heart while the vein is responsible for returning blood to the heart. This implies that option B is the correct choice.
The circulatory system acts to remove waste materials like carbon dioxide with the help of circulating fluid in the vessels and to transfer other materials like oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells with the same circulating fluid in another vessels.
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Complete question is:
Which group of components is common to the circulatory systems of most living animals? A. arteries, veins, capillaries B. vessels, heart, circulating fluid C. aorta, ventricles, atria D. blood, heart, cavities
what is the evolutionary benefit to meiosis in reproduction? select only one answer choice. group of answer choices meiosis produces gametes with half the required number of chromosomes that the offspring will need. meiosis produces gametes that are identical to their parent cells. meiosis produces gametes with new combinations of alleles in the chromosomes. meiosis allows for growth and plasticity in multicellular organisms
The evolutionary benefit of meiosis in reproduction is meiosis produces gametes with new combinations of alleles in the chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is the third option.
Meiosis is the process of chromosomal reduction that leads to the production of gametes (sex cells) needed for sexual reproduction. It only appears in eukaryotic cells that only plants, animals, and fungis have.
In this process, the double set of chromosomes is reduced into a single set. The single sets combine in sexual reproduction, resulting in double-set offspring. That allows a new combination of alleles in the new gametes while conserving the chromosomal number of the species.
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metamorphosis is . group of answer choices the evolutionary transition from fishes to amphibians. an intermediate condition, such as length of legs in mice between longer legs of some mice and shorter legs in others, a condition caused by varied gene expression during development (hox genes). changing of one body form to another within a species, such as the change from an aquatic tadpole to a terrestrial frog. the developmental changing of a scale to a feather.
Metamorphosis is the change from one body form to another within a species, such as the change from a water tadpole to a land frog.
Metamorphosis is a process of growth and development of an animal that affects body shape and physical appearance. Metamorphosis is divided into two types:
Imperfect metamorphosis is a change in form in an animal whose growth and development go through 3 stages, namely egg, nymph, and imago (adult animal). In this metamorphosis, nymphs are young animals that are similar to adult animals but smaller in size with different body ratios.Complete metamorphosis is a change in form in an animal whose growth and development undergoes 4 stages, namely egg, larva, cocoon/pupae, and imago (adult animal). Animals that undergo this metamorphosis have different forms when they are young (larvae) and when they are adults (imago).Learn more about the metamorphosis here https://brainly.com/question/24206831
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What is one of the most important substances that goes across the cell membrane?
Answer: Water
Explanation: Water passes quite easily across most membranes, even though many solute molecules cannot. An important process known as Osmosis is the result.
complex structures like supramolecular systems and organelles are formed from macromolecules through the process of
The method by which organelles and other complex structures like systems are created.
Which organelle is the most important?The nuclear is arguably the most significant cellular organelle. In fact, the mere existence of a core is seen to be one of a eukaryotic cell's distinguishing characteristics. Since this structure is where the cell cycle is stored and where the process of reading it starts, it is extremely Since this structure is where the cell cycle is stored and where the process of reading it starts, it is extremely.
What are functions of organelle?Cytosolic components known as organelles perform tasks required to keep the cell's homeostasis in check. They have a part in a variety of functions, including the production of proteins and secretions, the elimination of toxins, and the interpretation of outside signals.
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Read the article to learn more about the types of RNA, specifically mRNA and tRNA. Use the information to answer the following question.
RNA
Explain the roles of mRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis.
The messenger RNA or mRNA is a transcription molecule that carries the information of the DNA gene sequence to be used as a template to generate a polypeptide chain, while the transfer RNA or tRNA acts during translation to transport amino acids to the site of protein synthesis.
What is mRNA?The messenger RNA (mRNA) is a sequence obtained from the process of transcription which is complementary to the DNA gene sequence and serves to transport the genetic information from DNA to proteins. Moreover, the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) carry specific amino acids that are linked to the anticodon sequence and they are used during translation in the ribosomes.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that tRNA and mRNA are fundamental during protein synthesis.
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The messenger RNA or mRNA is a transcription molecule that carries the information of the DNA gene sequence to be used as a template to generate a polypeptide chain, while the transfer RNA or tRNA acts during translation to transport amino acids to the site of protein synthesis.
Explanation:
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mitosis forms a. two daughter cells with half the dna of the parent cell. b. two daughter cells with the same amount of dna as the parent cell. c. daughter cells called gametes. d. two daughter cells with twice the amount of dna as the parent cell. e. one daughter cell and another incomplete cell.
Mitosis forms b. two daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the parent cell.
In the field of biology, mitosis can be described as a process by which the somatic cells of the body divide.
As a result of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed that are identical to each other and the parent cells.
The daughter cells formed as a result of mitosis have the same amount of DNA as the parent cell. As a result of this, the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell as no recombination occurs in the process of mitosis.
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how common are mutations during dna replication? a. about 5 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication. b. about 50 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication. c. no nucleotides are changed during each replication. d. about 5,000 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication. e. about 500 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication.
The mutations are common in the sense that about 5 nucleotides in 6.5 billion are changed during each replication (Option a).
What is the mutation rate?The mutation rate refers to the number of nucleotide changes that emerge at each replication cycle of the DNA molecule, which varies between different types of organisms, especially when comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the mutation rate is the number of alterations in the DNA molecule after replication and the number is variable between different groups of species in nature.
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of osmosis
The benefits of osmosis to living cells is that it provides turgidity to cell tissues and the way in which cells maintain their water balance.
The disadvantage of osmosis is that it removes minerals from living cells and wastes a lot of water from cell contentWhat is meant by osmosis?Osmosis can simply be defined as the process which involves the movement of water molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
That being said, one great benefit about this movement is that it gives turgidity to tissues within the cells.
In conclusion, we can now confirm that osmosis helps movement of substances in and out of the cell.
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how does dna code for specific proteins within a cell
Answer:
Genetic code refers to the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein. Each gene’s code uses the four nucleotide bases of DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) — in various ways to spell out three-letter “codons” that specify which amino acid is needed at each position within a protein.
Explanation:
what is found in plant cells but not yeast cells
Answer:
The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose but that of the yeast is a fungi and its cell wall is made up of chitin
Answer:
Yeast cells lack chloroplasts.
Explanation:
As heterotrophs, yeasts. They cannot make their own food through photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are absent in yeast cells.
____________________
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1. What is fluid? What states of matter are considered fluids?
2. What role does blood have in the human body?
3. In what way(s) can fluids be harmful to society or the environment?
4. Describe 3 examples (s) in which fluids can help a machine operator.
5. List 3 of the fluids in our bodies that are important for our survival.
Please don't copy and paste
Answer:
1. Fluids are substances such as liquid and gas that can easily flow and have random molecular motion.
2. Blood transports oxygen to many parts of our bodies. It also takes carbon dioxide to the lungs, kidneys, or other filters to be removed from our bodies.
3. When a fluid is contaminated, it may cause serious damage to the environment. For example, if an organism consumes polluted water, it could get very sick and possibly die.
4. Fluids such as water can be used to cut metal by being sprayed at a high speed. Gasoline is used to run all kinds of machines. Water can also be used to clean and cool down machines.
5. Blood, sweat, and urine are all important fluids in our bodies and are created by our bodies.
Explanation:
Really hope this helps you!
Is water wet? If not, explain?
Answer: yes
Explanation:
because its water
