This is called a gain-of-function mutation because the cell take on a new purpose. It is one of the defining features of cancerous tumors.
Because the cell acquires a new function, this mutation is known as a gain-of-function mutation. It's one of the characteristics that makes a tumour malignant. These variations are referred to as "dominant" variations. This means that for a proto-oncogene to develop into an oncogene and cause cancer, just one copy of the gene needs to be altered. A mutation is a change or alteration brought on by intrinsic or extrinsic events, such as a replication error or exposure to UV light, in DNA, a gene, or a chromosome.
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The predominant mechanism driving cellular differentiation is the difference in gene _____.
The predominant mechanism driving cellular differentiation is the difference in gene expression.
Differentiation is the process by which an organism develops its unique characteristics, such as the formation of specialized cell types or organs. It is a key component of development and is responsible for the variety of cell types that can be found in any given organism.
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is converted into functional proteins or other molecules that perform a specific role in the body. Differential gene expression is the process by which certain genes are expressed more in certain cells than others, leading to the various specialized cell types. This process is the predominant mechanism driving cellular differentiation.
Differential gene expression is triggered by various mechanisms, such as the binding of transcription factors to DNA or the activity of small non-coding RNAs. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and regulate the expression of certain genes. Small non-coding RNAs are also involved in gene regulation, but they do so by binding to mRNA and preventing it from being translated into a protein.
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Help 40 pionts!!!
20. What is so important about subduction of tectonic plates?
*
1 point
Earth's crust is melted and destroyed here
Earth's new crust is created here
Earth's mountains are formed here
Earth's crust becomes a mid-ocean ridge here
17. Where might we find the oldest rock on Earth?
*
1 point
the center of continents, called cratons
the center of the ocean floor
the lowest mountain on Earth
pushed under a tectonic plate
21. Based on plate movement over a Hot Spot, which of of the Hawaiian Islands below would be the oldest?
Loihi
Hawaii
Maui
Oahu
Kauai
22. In 1915 the German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift, which states that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift atop a liquid core. The fossil record supports and gives credibility to the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics.Why was the continental drift theory rejected at the time of its proposal?
*
1 point
It did not explain the mechanism causing the formation of continents.
It did not explain the mechanism behind the existence of continents.
It did not explain the mechanism behind the discovery of continents.
It did not explain the mechanism causing the movement of continents.
Question 20:
B - Earth's mountains are formed here.
Question 17:
A- The center of the continents, called cratons
Question 21:
E - Kauai
Question 22:
D - It did not explain the mechanism causing the movement of continents.
Which disease is the global top infectious disease killer, characterized by increasing number of incidents, can have acute and chronic form, affecting mainly lungs?.
The most lethal infectious disease in the world, tuberculosis (TB) is marked by an increasing number of cases, comes in both acute and chronic forms, and primarily affects the lungs.
What exactly is tuberculosis (TB)?When a person with TB coughs or sneezes, the germs that cause TB are transmitted.
The majority of people who carry the bacteria that cause tuberculosis don't exhibit any symptoms. When symptoms do show up, they typically include a cough (which can occasionally have a bloody tint), weight loss, nocturnal sweats, and fever.
For people who don't have symptoms, treatment isn't always necessary. Patients with active symptoms will require a lengthy course of treatment comprising numerous antibiotics.
What are the causes of TB?Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). Not every person who contracts the TB germs gets ill.
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Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in the presence of a nucleus. the makeup of their cell walls. size. the presence of a cell wall.
the makeup of their cell walls.
The makeup of their cell walls. In general, archaebacteria resemble bacteria in terms of size, shape, nutrition, and appearance. They reproduce by binary fission.
However, peptidoglycan is not found in the cell walls of archaebacteria. In addition, they vary from bacteria and eukarya in terms of the membrane lipid bonds that they have. Bacterial membrane lipids are ester-linked, whereas archaea membrane lipids have ether linkages
Eubacteria are N-acetylmuramic genuine bacteria that exhibit greater levels of organization. Archaebacteria are referred to as "living fossils" and are capable of surviving in hostile settings (very acidic, hot, and methanogenic).
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Part A: Determining relationships between alleles
You decide to conduct a genetic analysis of these mutant lines by crossing each with a pure-breeding wild-type line. The numbers in the F2 indicate the number of progeny in each phenotypic class.
Part B: Crossing the forked and pale mutants
You continue your genetic analysis by crossing the forked and pale mutant lines with each other. The leaves of the F1 are light green (intermediate between pale and wild-type leaves) and forked. The F2 has six phenotypic classes:
You designate the forked mutant allele as F (wild type = f+ ) and the pale mutant allele as p (wild type = P).
Part C: Crossing the forked and twist mutants
You continue your analysis by crossing the forked and twist lines. Your results are as follows:
Part D - Assigning genotypes for codominant alleles
You decide to designate the twist allele as FT to distinguish it from the forked allele F.
The twist allele as FT to distinguish it from the forked allele F will be the mutant allele is dominant to its corresponding wild-type allele forked or the mutant allele is dominant to its corresponding wild-type allele pale.
Assuming T is the twisted allele and t+ is the wild-type allele. Now, the F1 generation of all twisted progeny is produced by crossing the pure line of twist (TT) with the wild type (t+t+). Only twisted being dominant to wild-type alleles makes it possible. The F1 genotype will therefore be Tt+.
Now, the F1 generation results from a cross between the pure line of pale (pp) and wild type (PP) producing an intermediate phenotype. Consequently, if two F1 are crossed, the expected ratio in the F2 will be 1:2:1 for the pale: intermediate: wild type phenotype.
Pale, intermediate green and wild-type phenotypes will have pp, Pp, and PP genotypes, as we previously deduced from Punnett square analysis.
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hutchinson-gilford progeria is an exceedingly rare human genetic disorder in which there is very early senility and death, usually from coronary artery disease, at an average age of 13 years. patients, who look very old even as children, do not live to reproduce. which of the following represents the most likely assumption?
The most likely assumption is the disorder may be due to mutation in a single protein-coding gene.
An exceedingly rare human genetic disorder called Hutchinson-gilford progeria in which there is very early senility and death, usually from coronary artery disease, at an average age of 13 years. Patients, who look very old even as children, do not live to reproduce. The most likely assumption is the disorder may be due to mutation in a single protein-coding gene.
DNA sequences that are transcribed into mRNA are protein coding sequences. In which the transcribed mRNA molecules are translated into a polypeptide chain.
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What does the motif of blood symbolize?.
At some stage in time, blood symbolizes been associated with opposites, which include existence/loss of life, demise/redemption, - everlasting existence - innocence/massacre, illness/remedy, the Aristocracy/malediction (hemophilia in the “Blue Blood” descendants of Queen Victoria), generosity/transmission of infections, and enchantment/repulsion.
Spilled or misplaced blood makes the body weaker, combined blood undermines purity, and alcohol or drugs within the blood are poison or corrupt. At any other stage, blood denotes family tree, lineage, and procreation.
While we dream of blood, we regularly assume it is a premonition of demise. however, blood in the nonsecular realm represents power and lifestyle force. So if you see different human beings bleeding for your dream, it means their lifestyle selections are hurting them so you must select your very own course.
In Macbeth, blood symbolizes guilt for the protagonists. As blood is shed several times during the play, it sticks to the assassin and makes them remorseful and feels guilty about their moves. At the beginning of the play just after Macbeth has killed Duncan, he exemplifies blood to describe his guilt for his actions.
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pooled image-base screening of mitochondria with microraft isolation distinguishes pathogenic mitofusin 2 mutations | communications biology (nature)
Screening of mitochondria which is pooled image-based with micrograft isolation distinguishes pathogenic mitofusion to mutations.
What is pooled screening?More complicated strategies were needed for pooled screening platforms that include complex traits only visible under a microscope. There are a few methods for maintaining information about the cell's physical location, which is necessary for mapping phenotypic to disruption. Using customized non-commercial sequencing rigs, some platforms use in situ sequencing (ISS) to produce sequencing findings that include positional data of a particular cell. Other technologies use targeted cells to photoactivate endogenous fluorophores, which are then subjected to FACS-seq.What is Mitochondria?Mitochondria is termed as the power house of the cell as it provides the energy and power to the overall cell.
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Pernicious anemia is most common in older people. Which choice lists the correct relationships among the factors that cause this disorder?
The reduced secretion of intrinsic factor means that vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, and macrocytes are produced instead of erythrocytes.
The classic cause of cobalamin deficiency and one of the most prevalent among older patients is pernicious anemia, often known as Biermer's disease: According to research, 20% to 50% of cases, and more than 15% in our patient series.
The most vulnerable group to pernicious anemia?Compared to other ethnic groups, people of Northern European and African heritage are more likely to have pernicious anemia. Additionally, older persons are more susceptible to the illness. This is mostly brought on by a shortage of stomach acid and intrinsic factor, which hinder vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine.
What results in older persons' B12 deficiencies?In otherwise healthy people, dietary habits that result in insufficient dietary intake of animal source foods, particularly extreme vegetarianism, might cause a mild vitamin B12 deficiency and vegan diets, as well as alterations in stomach function brought on by aging and/or medication use.
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Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?.
Answer:
leaf
Explanation:
absorbs sunlight and contains chlorophyll - important and key for photosynthesis. This specifically occurs in usually the palisade layer of the cell (most occurring photosynthesis)
Crossing an individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait with an individual whose genotype is unknown will most likely produce which set of offspring?.
Crossing an individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait with an unknown genotype will almost certainly result in kids with at least one dominant allele.
An organism with two main alleles for a character is pronounced to have a homozygous dominant genotype. Using the eye color model, this genotype is composed of BB. Organisms that are homozygous dominant are thought-out breeding real cause they produce children accompanying the unchanging phenotype. A model of the main allele is the agouti allele for coat color in cats.
The genotype of an animal is an allure complete set of ancestral materials. Genotype can also be used to concern the alleles or modifications an individual bears in the deoxyribonucleic acid or hereditary position. The genotype decides the inherited potentials and disadvantages of an individual from rudimentary formation through maturity. Among creatures that emulate sexually, an individual's genotype constitutes the whole complex of genes hereditary from two together persons.
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What is the proper way for transporting food?.
Insulated containers may keep the food cold if the trip is brief. You might need to use ice bricks to keep food cold and heat packs to keep food hot if the trip is longer. In an insulated container with a cover, only place pre-heated or pre-cooled food to help maintain safe temperatures.
Excellent methods for delivering meals to others include utilizing foil pans, recycling plastic salad and fruit containers, and wrapping items in foil or plastic wrap.
Food manufacture and distribution depend on the transportation of food. By getting food from farmers to consumers, it keeps the food processing industry in business. However, there is still a chance of contamination throughout this procedure. It's crucial to understand the safest methods for transporting food because of a chance of contamination.
Transporting food is the process of getting it from the producer to the final destinations. In the food processing industry, this procedure is crucial for preserving food safety.
Various forms of transportation are used to convey food. Road, sea, air, and train are a few of them. Trucking, however, is the most popular technique and accounts for the bulk (70.5%) of food transportation in the US.
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Help me please!! I’ll give points!!
Evelyn says she weighs 100 Ibs. On the moon .
Charles says Evelyn weighs 100 Ibs. On the earth and 16 Ibs. On the moon (identify who is correct and explain the reasoning ) [blank] is correct because…
Answer:
Charles would be right.
Explanation:
On the Moon a person would weigh six times less than they do on Earth. This is because the Moon has one sixth the gravity of Earth.
May I have Brainliest please? My next rank will be the highest one: A GENIUS! Please help me on this journey to become top of the ranks! I only need 14 more brainliest to become a genius! I would really appreciate it, and it would make my day! Thank you so much, and have a wonderful rest of your day!
Answer:
Charles is right because you weigh 16.5 percent of your weight on the moon as on earth so she evelyn will weigh around 16 lbs
Hopes this helps
1. describe the negative feedback loop that controls the rate of erythropoiesis. under what circumstances would you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to be increased?
Erythropoiesis is regulated through a long-range negative feedback loop, whereby tissue hypoxia stimulates erythropoietin (Epo) secretion, which promotes an increase in erythropoietic rate.
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein hormone produced in the kidney that acts on erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. A negative feedback system, in which tissue oxygenation controls Epo production and Epo controls red blood cell (RBC) production, provides homeostasis in oxygen delivery to body tissues.
under these circumstances you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to be increased:
HypoxiaLow oxygen due to anemia high altitudecirculatory problemTo learn more about Erythropoiesis visit here:
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a retrotransposon known as line1 is about 1000 base pairs (bp) in length and is present in the human genome in about 516,000 copies. approximately what percentage of the human genome is accounted for by this transposon? 0.0017% 0.17% 1.70% 17% 0.0017%
About 17% of the human genome is accounted for by this transposon.
What is transposon?Transposable elements are nucleic acid sequences of DNA that can change their position within the genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations, altering the genetic identity and genome size of a cell. Transpositions often result in duplication of the same genetic material. Transposons are mutagens. They can mutate in different ways.
When a transposon inserts itself into a functional gene, it can damage it. Insertions into exons, introns, or even DNA flanking genes (which may contain promoters and enhancers) can disrupt or alter gene activity.
Three types of transposons those have been identified are:
Class II transposonsMiniature inverted transposons (MITE or class III transposons)Retrotransposons (class I transposons)To know more about transposon, visit:
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after a long period of coevolution, the photosynthetic bacterium consumed by the predatory cell became the cellular organelle known as the:
Chloroplasts is the photosynthetic bacterium consumed by the predatory cell became the cellular organelle known
The only two cell organelles that have their own DNA are chloroplasts and mitochondria. This DNA is distinct from the DNA that can be found in the cell's nucleus. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA that is capable of replication and division. Both organelles' DNA generates a large number of proteins and enzymes necessary for their operation.
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Why must predators in ecosystems with low npp cover huge ranges to survive (e. G. Sharks in oceans, desert birds)?.
Net primary production (NPP) is the amount of biomass or carbon produced by primary producers per unit area and time.
How did this occur ?
NPP is the actual available energy that's produced by primary producers for other organisms to obtain energy from. When a predator lives in a ecosystem that has a low NPP, it means that the predator will have to cover a much wider range in order to have all the needed energy that's produced by those primary producers. If the there was a high NPP the need to search for those primary producers was much diminished as there would be enough energy available close by.To know more about NPP from the given link
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Do the mean rr intervals differ between quiet and deep breathing? how do the sds differ? explain these observations.
The mean RR intervals differ between quiet and deep breathing because the intervals differ, with deep breathing having a better interval.
What are RR intervals?The duration spent between two consecutive R waves of the QRS signal on the ECG (and its reciprocal, the HR) is a function of inherent sinus node features as well as autonomic factors.
Quiet breathing, also known as external breathing, is a type of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the individual's psychological component of thought.
Deep breathing has a better interval because the time in between breathing when doing deep breathing is longer because you're taking in a lot of air.
Therefore, the duration spent between two consecutive R waves of the QRS signal on the ECG (and its reciprocal, the HR) is a function of inherent sinus node features as well as autonomic factors.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
Observations are given:
There is a difference in the intervals, with the deep breathing having a higher interval because the time in between breathing when doing deep breathing will be longer as you are taking more air in.
a hockey player suffered a bad injury in the groin area. damage to what structure is most likely to interfere with sperm formation?
Damage to Seminiferous tubules is most likely to interfere with sperm formation.
What is reproduction?Reproduction is the phenomenon of producing offspring. It has two main forms: sexual and asexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, genetic information from each parent organisms is fused and makes the individual genetically unique.
The male reproductive system is a series of sexual organs that play a role in human reproduction. These organs are located on the outside of the body and in the pelvis. The testicles are the main male reproductive organ and are responsible for the production of testosterone and sperm. Each testicle is 4–5 cm long, 2–3 cm wide, weighs 10–14 g, and is suspended in the scrotum by dart muscles and spermatic cords.
The seminiferous tubules are located within the testes and are the specific sites of meiosis and subsequent formation of male gametes, or spermatozoa.
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2019 3b. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, a substrate for the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. The rate of pyruvate conversion is greatly reduced in individuals with PDC deficiency, a rare disorder. Make a claim about how PDC deficiency affects the amount of NADH produced by glycolysis AND the amount of NADH produced by the Krebs (citric acid) cycle in a cell. Provide reasoning to support your claims based on the position of the PDC-catalyzed reaction in the sequence of the cellular respiration pathway.
When a PDC-catalyzed reaction is present in the cellular respiration pathway's sequential order, the likelihood of inheritance is zero.
What transpires during the process of acetyl-CoA being converted to pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase?The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is the process that transforms pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. The complex of pyruvate dehydrogenases catalyzes it (PDH). While releasing a CO2 molecule, this procedure generates one NADH electron carrier.
What happens to pyruvate as a result of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, which results in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH (H+), is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)3 (1,–3). By connecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle's oxidative pathway to the glycolytic pathway, the PDC plays a crucial role in the oxidation of glucose.
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How does nitrogen fertilizer affect plant growth?.
It's a component of chlorophyll, where plants use sunlight energy to produce sugars from water and carbon dioxide aka PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
I hope this helps!!!
when lichens grow on bare rock, they may eventually accumulate enough organic material around them to supply the foothold for later rooted vegetation. these early pioneering lichens can be said to do what to the later arrivals?
These early pioneering lichens can facilitate later arrivals.
What do you mean by Lichen ?
Lichens can be defined as the primary successors on barren land . They form soil by breaking rocks and provide necessary organic material for later rooted vegetation.It is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria.They live among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. These are important as early stage primary succession organisms. They provide forage, shelter, and building materials for elk, deer, birds, and insects.Hence, they facilitate the whole later development process.
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put these locations in the order that an erythrocyte that is just leaving the right ventricle of a mammal would encounter.\
Order the areas that an erythrocyte just departing a mammal's right would encounter. edoema. if the concentration of plasma protein is too low.
Which of the following describes how blood should flow properly in mammals?Explanation: A drop of blood should travel through the right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and vena cavae in the proper order.
What is the ideal blood flow sequence?The open mitral valve allows blood to pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle. The mitral valve closes when the ventricle is full to stop blood from returning to the atrium. Through the arota, blood leaves the heart.
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if a scientist wanted to know whether a particular hydrocarbon was in use in a cell's plasma membrane, they could search the organism's:
if a scientist wanted to know whether a particular hydrocarbon was in use in a cell's plasma membrane, they could search the organism's: Lipidome
The entire amount of lipids in cells is referred to as the lipidome. The four main molecular building blocks of living beings are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. The word "lipidome" was created in the context of omics in contemporary biology, specifically the science of lipidomics. Both conventional lab-based techniques and cutting-edge bioinformatics techniques can be used to study it. The membrane-lipidome and mediator-lipidome are two categories of a cell's lipidome.
Plasma membrane are intricate composites of lipids and proteins that isolate the inside of the cell from the outside world. Despite the membrane being a straightforward bilayer, lipidomics research has found that a huge range of lipid species are involved in its construction. Typical plasma membranes (PM) are made up of a wide variety of lipids.
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TRUE/FALSE the organelles are responsible for digesting old material in the cell and breaking it down into usable forms
Lysosomes are the organelles are responsible for digesting old material in the cell and breaking it down into usable forms. Hence, statement is true.
What is Lysosomes?Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids can all be broken down by the variety of enzymes found in lysosomes, membrane-enclosed organelles.
What is Digestion?In order to be absorbed into the watery blood plasma, large, insoluble food molecules must be broken down into smaller, water-soluble food molecules during digestion. These tiny molecules enter the bloodstream through the small intestine in some organisms.
Hence, Lysosomes are the organelles are responsible for digesting old material in the cell and breaking it down into usable forms. Hence, statement is true.
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Crossing an individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait with an individual whose genotype is unknown will most likely produce which set of offspring?.
They produce at least one dominant allele.
What is a homozygous dominant genotype?A homozygous dominant genotype is defined as having two dominant alleles. A trait is governed by one gene with two possible alleles, one dominant and one recessive, in Mendelian genetics. Genotypes are typically represented as letters, with the dominant allele represented by a capital letter and the recessive allele represented by a lowercase letter. A homozygous genotype is one in which both alleles are the same, and a true-breeding or purebred organism has a homozygous genotype. Both alleles are dominant in a homozygous dominant genotype.
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When Mendel crossed tall plants with short plants all the offspring were tall because?.
Crosses between tall plants (TT) and short peas (tt) resulted in offspring that were all tall plants, as size was the dominant trait. Therefore, size is the dominant feature.
The presence of two identical alleles at a particular locus. A homozygous genotype can have two normal alleles or two alleles with the same variant.
You can have brown eyes whether you are homozygous (two brown eye alleles) or heterozygous (one brown allele and one blue allele). It is dominant trait. This differs from the blue-eyed allele, which is recessive. Blue eyes require two identical blue eye alleles and brown eye alleles are dominant trait.
Crossing two plants of the same species to transmit only one trait is called monohybrid crossing.
For example, a cross between large and short peas is a monohybrid cross when only the size of the parents is considered.
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What are the important factors to be considered when storing?.
Important factors to be considered when storing are temperature, light, moisture, oxygen, container, warning, infestation and self date.
Important factors that affect food storage and to be considered when storing are-
Temperature, light, moisture, oxygen, container, warning, infestation and self date.
Proper food storage helps in many ways. It preserve the quality and nutritional value of the foods we purchase, and also helps make the most of our food dollar by preventing spoilage. Also proper food storage can help prevent foodborne illnesses like- food poisoning. Which are caused by harmful bacteria or other pathogens.
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What happen when the body cringe to omething very corny and cringey, like a embarraing video. Can it be harmful to cringe too much in any way ?
It is the discomfort, inferiority, embarrassment, rejection, and disapproval we experience in our own skin when witnessing an act that we find repugnant, reprehensible, or pathetic on the part of another person.
Why is it that everything makes me cringe?Cringe, according to developmental psychologist Phillipe Rochat, is an innate empathetic reaction of either scorn or compassion. One cannot cringe without having experienced the discomfort of an embarrassing situation, which is a requirement for an empathy reaction.
The cringe: How do you handle it?You could do the following if you're cringing and criticizing yourself: resisting the want to recall the embarrassing situation. to divert your attention from the memories, engage in something else. telling yourself that what happened wasn't so bad or that nobody cares, so there's no reason for you to feel bad.
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Arrange the three kinds of nitrogenous wastes based on the energy required to synthesize them, beginning with the waste product that requires the least energy input.
1. ammonia
2. urea
3. uric acid
the three kinds of nitrogenous wastes based on the energy required to synthesize them are arranged; Ammonia < urea < uric acid.
Nitrogenous wastes are the nitrogen compounds that organisms use to get rid of excess nitrogen. Ammonia, urea, and uric acid are the most common nitrogenous wastes that animals excrete. Protein metabolism generates all of these nitrogenous wastes.
Ammonia is the most toxic of these nitrogenous wastes, and it is the most common but requires the least energy. Urea is more harmful than uric acid, but it is less harmful than ammonia, reducing the amount of energy required to synthesize it. Uric acid is the least harmful, a non-poisonous particle with four nitrogen molecules. This is useful for birds and reptiles that lay hard eggs because it eliminates the most nitrogen, uses the least amount of water, and is not toxic. It also takes the most energy input.
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