As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne
a. the British controlled the frontier.
b. George Washington was left without a military command.
c. the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack.
d. General Braddock was forced to leave the military.
e. the British called off their planned invasion of Canada.

Segregation of public facilities: Jim Crow Laws required separate facilities for African Americans and whites, including schools, transportation, restaurants, restrooms, and drinking fountains.

Poll taxes and literacy tests: To suppress the African American vote, Jim Crow Laws imposed poll taxes and literacy tests, which were often difficult and discriminatory.

Racially motivated violence and intimidation: Jim Crow Laws were enforced through a system of racial terror, including lynching, mob violence, and police brutality.

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The Chesapeake colonies acquired most of the labor they needed from b. white servants

during the greater part of the seventeenth century. While African slaves were brought to the colonies during this time, the system of indentured servitude was the primary means of acquiring labor.

Captured Indians were often used as slaves, but their numbers were not significant enough to meet the labor demands of the colonies. West Indian natives and prisoners of war were not significant sources of labor for the Chesapeake colonies during this time period.

The Chesapeake colonies refer to the English colonies that were established in the Chesapeake Bay region of North America during the 17th century. The two main colonies were Virginia, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company, and Maryland, founded in 1632 by Lord Baltimore.

The Chesapeake colonies were primarily agricultural, with tobacco being the main crop grown for export. The labor force was initially composed of indentured servants from England, but later shifted to African slaves brought over from Africa.

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One of the causes of the population boom in West Texas after the arrival of the rail lines was advertisements created by land developers.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, land developers advertised the availability of cheap and fertile land in West Texas to potential settlers in the eastern United States and Europe.

These ads promised a better life and the opportunity to own land, which attracted many people looking to escape overcrowded cities and find new economic opportunities.

The rail lines made it easier for these settlers to travel to West Texas, and the advertisements helped to create a sense of excitement and possibility about the region. As a result, the population of West Texas grew rapidly during this period.

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The Athenians turned first to rebuilding the agora following the Persian War because it was the heart of their political and commercial activity. The agora was also the site of important religious and cultural events. By rebuilding the agora, the Athenians were able to restore their economic and political power, and demonstrate their resilience in the face of the Persian invasion. Additionally, the rebuilding of the agora provided an opportunity for the Athenians to showcase their artistic and architectural achievements, which helped to reinforce their cultural identity and prestige.

The strategy used by African American students when they refused to leave a "whites only" lunch counter in Greensboro, NC in 1960 was civil disobedience. Therefore, option d is correct.

Civil disobedience is a non-violent form of political protest where individuals deliberately break the law to challenge unjust or discriminatory practices and policies.

It involves peaceful actions such as sit-ins, boycotts, and demonstrations to bring attention to social and political issues and to demand change. Civil disobedience is often used as a strategy by social and political activists to raise awareness and force action from those in power.

The practice has been used throughout history by various groups, including the Civil Rights Movement, the suffrage movement, and environmental and anti-war activists.

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Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington were both key figures in the cultural movement of the 1920s known as the Harlem Renaissance.

So, the correct answer is C.

This movement was centered in Harlem, New York City and was characterized by a flowering of African American art, literature, and music.

The Harlem Renaissance was a response to the discrimination and inequality faced by African Americans in the early 20th century, and sought to celebrate their cultural identity and challenge negative stereotypes.

Langston Hughes was a poet and writer, known for his powerful and evocative depictions of African American life and experiences. Duke Ellington was a jazz composer and bandleader, known for his innovative and sophisticated musical style.

Together, their contributions helped to shape the Harlem Renaissance and left a lasting impact on American culture.

Hence the answer of the question is C

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When John Burnett, a Union Army veteran, met with four Cherokee individuals who had joined the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, they referred to him as "Unega," which means "white man" in the Cherokee language.

It is important to note that the Cherokee Nation was divided during the Civil War, with some members supporting the Union and others joining the Confederacy. The meeting between Burnett and the Cherokee soldiers highlights the complex relationships and alliances formed during this tumultuous period in American history.

Both the Union and Confederate forces sought support from various Native American tribes, and the Cherokee Nation's involvement in the conflict exemplifies this dynamic.

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During a regular legislative session, a vast number of proposed laws are introduced, but only a fraction of them actually get enacted.

In most cases, proposed laws are either stalled, amended or die due to a lack of support from other lawmakers. Some laws may also be postponed for further review or discussion during the following legislative session.
Many proposed laws die due to a lack of support, which could be due to several reasons. For instance, some lawmakers may not agree with the proposed law's intentions or its feasibility. Additionally, many proposed laws may be controversial, and some lawmakers may not want to take a stance that could impact their reelection prospects.
The ones that do make it through often require significant compromise and negotiation between different factions in the legislature. A lot of the work that happens during a legislative session is behind the scenes, with lawmakers working to get enough votes to pass a bill.
In conclusion, most of the proposed laws introduced during a regular legislative session do not become law. However, this is not necessarily a bad thing as it ensures that only the best ideas and proposals make it through the legislative process.

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During the late Middle Ages, the Catholic Church in Europe was challenged in several ways. One of the significant challenges it faced was the emergence of various heretical movements that questioned the church's teachings and authority. These movements, such as the Waldensians and Cathars, rejected the church's teachings on the sacraments, indulgences, and the role of the pope. They also questioned the church's wealth and corruption, which led to the rise of anti-clerical sentiments among the people.

Another challenge faced by the Catholic Church was the Great Schism, which lasted from 1378 to 1417. This was a period of division and conflict within the church that resulted in two or three popes claiming legitimacy. This schism weakened the church's authority and created confusion among the faithful, leading to a loss of trust and support.

To emerge from these challenges, the Catholic Church took several measures. One of these was the Council of Constance (1414-1418), which ended the Great Schism by electing a single pope and reformed the church's practices. The council also condemned heretical movements and strengthened the church's authority. The church also launched the Counter-Reformation, a series of reforms that sought to address the criticisms leveled against it, such as corruption and the selling of indulgences. These reforms helped restore the church's influence and power, albeit in a changed world.

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James Polk—expansionist, dark-horse candidate of the Democratic Party who won the election. In the presidential election of 1844, James Polk ran as the Democratic Party's nominee.

Although initially considered a long-shot candidate, he won the nomination on the ninth ballot. Polk was a strong supporter of western expansion and annexation of Texas, which helped him win the election. He narrowly defeated his Whig opponent, Henry Clay, winning 170 electoral votes to Clay's 105. John Tyler, who had previously been president as a Whig but was expelled from the party, also ran as a third-party candidate but failed to win any electoral votes. James Birney was an abolitionist candidate who ran as the Liberty Party nominee.

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Special districts in Texas have experienced significant growth and transformation over the past several decades.

These districts are independent government entities that provide specific services, such as water supply, sewage disposal, or fire protection, to residents within their designated boundaries.
One major development is the proliferation of special districts throughout the state. In the 1950s, there were only a few hundred special districts in Texas; today, there are over 2,000. This growth is largely attributed to the state's rapid population growth, as well as the increasing complexity of public services and infrastructure.
Another significant change is the increased scrutiny and regulation of special districts. In the past, these entities had relatively little oversight and transparency, leading to concerns about corruption and mismanagement. However, recent legislation has imposed stricter requirements for financial reporting and public participation in district decisions.
Additionally, there has been a trend toward consolidation and regionalization of special districts. This involves merging smaller districts into larger entities that can more effectively provide services to a broader area. This approach has been particularly successful in addressing issues such as water supply and transportation, which often require coordination across multiple jurisdictions.
Overall, the evolution of special districts in Texas reflects the state's ongoing efforts to balance the need for efficient, effective public services with the need for accountability and transparency in government.

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The southern regions of the United States had various plans for the land gained from the Mexican-American War. Some wanted to expand slavery into the new territories, while others wanted to use the land for agricultural purposes and create more states.

The issue of slavery was at the forefront of their plans, as the south wanted to maintain their way of life and preserve the institution of slavery. The acquisition of new land gave the south an opportunity to expand their power and influence, and they were willing to go to great lengths to protect their interests.

This led to a contentious debate in Congress over the fate of the new territories and ultimately contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. The question of whether or not to allow slavery in the new territories became one of the defining issues of the era, and it shaped the course of American history for decades to come.

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The cartoon describes a man in a suit accompanying a dollar enlist his brow, holding a large eyes and standing over a broken effigy of a worker.

The cartoon  satirizes the idea that severity  programs and budget cuts hurt workers and benefit the wealthy.

The defective statue of the trader represents the harm accomplished to workers by budget cuts, while officer of the law with the greenback sign on welcome forehead shows the wealthy the one benefit from these policies.

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In contemporary Texas politics, interest groups and political committees play an increasingly important role in mobilizing voters and getting citizens to turn out in elections, as compared to political organizations.

Interest groups are organizations that advocate for specific policy positions and represent the interests of a particular constituency or industry. They often have well-established networks of supporters and can use their resources to mobilize voters and influence political outcomes. In Texas, interest groups such as the National Rifle Association (NRA), Texas Right to Life, and the Texas Association of Business are influential players in state politics.

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The Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) railroad was completed in 1980, connecting Ust-Kut on the Lena River to Komsomolsk-na-Amure on the Amur River.

The construction of the BAM was a major infrastructure project undertaken by the Soviet Union in the 20th century, which began in the 1930s but was halted during World War II and later delayed due to various economic and political reasons. The completion of the BAM provided an alternative transport route to the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and allowed for the development of natural resources and settlements in Siberia and the Far East.

The construction of the BAM was also seen as a symbol of Soviet engineering and technological prowess, and remains a significant feat of engineering to this day.  The Baikal-Amur Mainline still spanning 2,000 miles (3,200 km) through the Russian domain.

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The statement that expresses the ideas of Henry Luce's "The American Century" is: "America was to be the dominant power on the planet." The correct option is A.

In his essay, Luce advocated for a more active American role in world affairs and believed that the United States had the potential to shape the 20th century in its image. While Luce did emphasize the importance of free markets, his main focus was on America's global influence and leadership.

Henry Luce's concept of "The American Century" reflected a belief in American exceptionalism and the idea that the United States should play a leading role in shaping the world according to its values and interests. While the concept has been both praised and criticized, it remains a significant part of the discourse surrounding American foreign policy and global leadership.

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During Reconstruction, labor organizers experienced mixed results, with some gaining and others losing ground. The period was characterized by political and social upheaval, as well as significant economic changes that impacted the labor movement.

On the positive side, the Reconstruction period brought about the abolition of slavery and the extension of citizenship rights to African Americans, who comprised a significant portion of the labor force. This enabled labor organizers to mobilize a more diverse and inclusive workforce, and some were able to establish stronger unions as a result. However, the post-Civil War period was also marked by significant economic volatility, which impacted the ability of labor organizers to maintain their position and status. The Panic of 1873, for example, led to widespread unemployment and a decline in labor organizing efforts. Additionally, the rise of mechanization and automation in certain industries further eroded the bargaining power of labor organizers, particularly those in skilled trades.Overall, the impact of Reconstruction on labor organizers was complex and multifaceted, with gains and losses depending on a variety of social, political, and economic factors.

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Answer:

This is an example of cultural diffusion. Cultural diffusion refers to the spread of cultural elements such as beliefs, practices, and customs from one society to another. In this case, the Japanese observed American soldiers playing baseball and were introduced to the sport, which then became popular in Japan.

A culture war, on the other hand, refers to a conflict between different cultural groups or ideologies within a society. It typically involves a struggle over values, beliefs, and norms, and can lead to polarization and division. The adoption of baseball in Japan after World War II does not fit this definition, as it was not a source of conflict between cultural groups within Japan.

More than 5 million immigrants arrived in America between 1815 and 1860, the majority coming from nations including Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, the German states, and Prussia. Crop disasters in the 1840s resulted in a massive influx of immigrants from Germany and Ireland that would last for decades.

People from many different countries made the decision to leave their homeland and immigrate to the United States in the late 1800s. Many people fled crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, starvation, and other problems because they believed the United States to be a country of economic opportunity.

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The institution of encomienda was a system that allowed European governments to give Indians to colonists if they promised to Christianize them.

So, the correct answer is option C.

This system was established in the early years of colonization in the Americas, as a means of providing cheap labor for the colonists and promoting the spread of Christianity among the native people. Under this system, the colonists were granted control over groups of native people, who were required to work for the colonists in exchange for protection and Christian instruction.

However, the institution of encomienda often led to the exploitation and mistreatment of native people. The colonists were only required to promise to Christianize the native people under their control, but there was little oversight to ensure that this promise was kept. Many colonists simply used the system to exploit the labor of the native people, and many of these people suffered greatly under their control.

Eventually, the institution of encomienda was abolished, due in part to the efforts of Spanish clerics and the criticisms of human rights advocates. However, this was not the end of colonial exploitation and slavery in the Americas. The system of African slavery was established later, as a result of the increasing demand for labor in the growing economy based on capitalism. This system would continue for centuries and have a profound impact on the history of the Americas.

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The belief in Manifest Destiny, the idea that it was the divine mission of the United States to expand its territory and spread its political and economic systems, caused many Americans to support westward expansion, annexation of new territories, and imperialism.

In the 19th century, Manifest Destiny was used as a justification for the annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and the acquisition of territories such as California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. Supporters of Manifest Destiny believed that expanding the territory of the United States was not only their right, but also their duty, and that it would bring progress, prosperity, and democracy to the new territories. However, this expansion often resulted in the displacement and mistreatment of Native American populations, and in the case of the Mexican-American War, the annexation of land from a sovereign nation. The legacy of Manifest Destiny continues to be debated and analyzed in the context of American history and foreign policy.

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Colonists in the eighteenth century enjoyed a variety of amusements, but one activity that was not universally enjoyed was celebrating Christmas (Option c).

Militia musters, weddings and funerals, winter sports in the North, and activities such as cockfighting, hunting, and horse racing in the South were all common pastimes for colonists during this period. These activities provided opportunities for socialization, entertainment, and even competition among the colonists.

However, Christmas celebrations were not embraced by all colonists due to religious differences. Some Protestant groups, such as the Puritans, disapproved of celebrating Christmas, viewing it as a pagan holiday. As a result, Christmas celebrations were not widespread in some parts of the colonies, particularly in New England, where Puritan influence was strong.

On the other hand, Thanksgiving was a more universally accepted holiday, as it focused on giving thanks and expressing gratitude, which was values shared by many colonists across religious backgrounds. So, c is the correct option.

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Michael Harrington's The Other America had a dramatic impact in the 1960s because it was published during a time of heightened social and political awareness, and it was able to tap into the growing sense of dissatisfaction with the status quo.

In the 1960s, civil rights activists and other social reformers were pushing for change, and Harrington's book helped to galvanize support for these efforts by exposing the extent of poverty in America. By contrast, similar books published in the 1950s had less influence because the social and political climate was not as conducive to widespread social reform. During the 1950s, the country was experiencing a period of economic growth and prosperity, and poverty was not seen as a major issue. In addition, the Cold War and the fear of communism made it difficult to advocate for radical social change. As a result, books that addressed issues of poverty and inequality were less likely to resonate with the general public.

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One of the most farsighted provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 is prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest.

So, the correct answer is C.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was a federal law that established the Northwest Territory and created a process for admitting new states to the Union.

One of its most significant provisions was the ban on slavery in the territory, which applied to present-day Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.

This was a key step towards ending slavery in the United States and reflected a growing recognition of the evils of the institution. The ordinance also set aside land for public schools and emphasized the importance of education in the development of the new territories

Hence, the answer of the question is C.

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The author of "Asian Communism and the Oriental Mode of Destruction" is Nakamura Masanori, also known as Masao Nakamura. He was a Japanese scholar of political science and international relations, specializing in the study of communism and socialism in Asia.

In his book, Nakamura analyzes the impact of communism on the traditional cultures of Asia, particularly the destruction of the social and cultural fabric of traditional societies. He argues that communism in Asia, unlike its European counterpart, has taken on a more destructive and violent form, resulting in the suppression of traditional values, the disintegration of family structures, and the eradication of religion.

Nakamura's work is significant in highlighting the cultural and social aspects of communism in Asia, which are often overlooked in traditional political analyses. He presents a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by Asian societies in their encounters with communism and highlights the unique features of communism in Asia.

Nakamura was a prominent scholar in his field and made significant contributions to the study of Asian politics and international relations. He held teaching positions at various universities in Japan and the United States and served as the president of the Japan Political Science Association. His work remains influential and continues to be studied by scholars of Asian politics and history.

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The New Century: Standard History Textbook is a mandatory educational resource published by Beijing's Teachers' College Press in 2001. It is used by students in China to learn about historical events and concepts that have shaped the country's past and present.

The textbook covers a broad range of topics, including Chinese dynasties, political systems, economic developments, and cultural achievements. It is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of Chinese history that is accessible to students of different ages and levels of education.

The New Century: Standard History Textbook reflects the government's emphasis on education and the role of history in shaping national identity. It is a significant resource for teachers and students in China and serves as a foundation for understanding the country's rich and complex history.

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All the following are similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate soldiers shared except: poor unskilled workers were well represented among both armies. Thus, option (b) is correct.

A common devotion to patriotism was shared by both warriors, the majority of whom had worked as farmers or farm laborers, were native-born, over half of them were under the age of 22.

Contrasted with the Confederacy's 111,000 and the Border States' 70,000, the Union employed 1.1 million people in factories.

As a result, the significance of the similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate soldiers are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (b) is correct.

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question was.

All the following were similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate soldiers shared except:

A) most soldiers had been farmers or farm laborers.

B) poor unskilled workers were well represented among both armies.

C) most troops were native born.

D) almost half were under the age of 22.

E) both shared a common commitment to patriotism.