As an IHRM professional, you have been hired by a Multinational Company in Ghana, with its headquarters in South Africa to design a policy on recruitment for the company.
Task Discuss 5 reasons why the MNE should care about diversity in recruitment

The term used to describe the final plans for project scope, schedule, and cost is the "Project Baseline."

The Project Baseline refers to the approved and agreed-upon plans for the scope, schedule, and cost of a project. It represents the final version of these three key elements and serves as the reference point for project performance measurement and control.

1. Scope Baseline: The scope baseline defines the project's deliverables, objectives, and boundaries. It includes the project scope statement, which describes the work to be done, as well as the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) that breaks down the project into manageable components. Any changes to the project scope beyond the baseline require formal change control processes.

2. Schedule Baseline: The schedule baseline outlines the planned start and end dates for each project activity, as well as the dependencies and sequencing of these activities. It includes the project schedule, which is typically represented as a Gantt chart or network diagram. Deviations from the schedule baseline may require schedule adjustments and impact analysis.

3. Cost Baseline: The cost baseline represents the approved budget for the project, including estimates for labor, materials, equipment, and other project costs. It includes the project cost management plan, which outlines the cost control procedures and methods. Any variations from the cost baseline need to be monitored and managed to ensure budget adherence.

The Project Baseline is crucial for project management as it provides a benchmark for evaluating project performance, measuring progress, and identifying deviations. It serves as a reference point against which actual project performance is compared, allowing project managers to track variances, implement corrective actions, and ensure project success.

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Based on the information provided, the taxpayers who are required to file a 2022 federal income tax return are Gwen (72) and Donnie (68), married filing jointly, with a gross income of $26,950.

The IRS sets income thresholds that determine whether individuals are required to file a federal income tax return. These thresholds vary based on filing status, age, and gross income. Let's analyze the situations of each taxpayer:

Kay (58), head of household, with a gross income of $17,900: According to the 2022 IRS guidelines, the filing requirement for a head of household under the age of 65 is $18,950. Since Kay's gross income is below this threshold, she is not required to file a federal income tax return.

Gwen (72) and Donnie (68), married filing jointly, with a gross income of $26,950: For married individuals filing jointly and both spouses are 65 or older, the filing requirement in 2022 is $28,600. Since their gross income is below this threshold, they are required to file a federal income tax return.

Ash (72) and Amy (63), married filing jointly, with a gross income of $25,750: Similar to Gwen and Donnie, they fall below the filing requirement threshold and are not required to file a federal income tax return.

Selma (72), married filing separately, with a gross income of $11,200: The filing requirement for married individuals filing separately in 2022 is $5. Selma's gross income exceeds this threshold, so she is required to file a federal income tax return.

In summary, only Gwen and Donnie, married filing jointly with a gross income of $26,950, are required to file a 2022 federal income tax return.

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The future value or accumulated amount (A) after 3 years would be approximately $1,270.78.To solve for A (the future value or accumulated amount), we can use the formula[tex]A = P(1 + i)^n[/tex], where:

P = Present value or principal amount = $991.35

i = Interest rate per compounding period = 9.15% per year, paid semi-annually, so the semi-annual interest rate would be 9.15% / 2 = 4.575% (expressed as a decimal, 0.04575)

n = Number of compounding periods = 3 years, and since the interest is paid semi-annually, the number of compounding periods would be 3 * 2 = 6.

Plugging in the values into the formula, we get: A = [tex]991.35 * (1 + 0.04575)^6[/tex]

Calculating the value within the parentheses first: [tex](1 + 0.04575)^6[/tex] is 1.28244541888

Now, calculating the final value for A: A = 991.35 * 1.28244541888

A ≈ $1,270.78

Therefore, the future value or accumulated amount (A) after 3 years would be approximately $1,270.78.

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Ramon will save $1,516 in income taxes by participating in the program this year in the amount of $3,800.

Ramon is in the 15 percent marginal tax bracket. This means that for every additional dollar he earns, he pays 15 cents in federal income taxes.

Ramon also pays Social Security payroll taxes of 7.65 percent. This tax is based on his earned income and is used to fund Social Security and Medicare programs.

Additionally, Ramon pays a 9 percent state income tax rate, which is based on his taxable income as determined by the state.

To calculate the income tax savings, we need to consider Ramon's marginal tax rate and the program's contribution amount of $3,800.

Income tax savings = (Marginal tax rate - Social Security tax rate - State tax rate) * Contribution amount

Income tax savings = (15% - 7.65% - 9%) * $3,800

Income tax savings = (0.15 - 0.0765 - 0.09) * $3,800

Income tax savings = 0.0035 * $3,800

Income tax savings ≈ $1,516

Therefore, Ramon will save approximately $1,516 in income taxes by participating in the program this year in the amount of $3,800.

If Ramon was in the 28 percent federal marginal tax bracket, the calculation would be as follows:

Income tax savings = (Marginal tax rate - Social Security tax rate - State tax rate) * Contribution amount

Income tax savings = (28% - 7.65% - 9%) * $3,800

Income tax savings = (0.28 - 0.0765 - 0.09) * $3,800

Income tax savings = 0.1135 * $3,800

Income tax savings ≈ $431

Therefore, if Ramon was in the 28 percent federal marginal tax bracket, he would save approximately $431 in income taxes by participating in the program with a contribution amount of $3,800.

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The best step for the project manager to take to resolve the issue of off-track discussions and lengthy meetings is option D: take charge of the meeting by not allowing side-talking.

By asserting control over the meeting and enforcing meeting rules and guidelines, the project manager can ensure that discussions stay focused on the agenda and that the meeting progresses efficiently. This may involve reminding participants to stay on topic, redirecting discussions that veer off track, and actively managing the flow of the meeting.

The two options that should receive regular communication during the planning phase of a project are D. sponsor and E. human resources. The sponsor plays a crucial role in providing guidance, support, and resources for the project, and therefore, regular communication with the sponsor is essential to ensure alignment and support throughout the planning phase. Human resources are also vital during the planning phase as they are responsible for staffing the project, addressing any resource needs or constraints, and managing team dynamics.

The transition plan for a project is executed during the closing phase (option C). The closing phase of a project involves finalizing all project activities, delivering the project's outputs or outcomes, and formally closing out the project. The transition plan outlines the steps and actions required to transition the project deliverables to the operational environment or the next phase of the project. It ensures a smooth handover of project results and sets the stage for ongoing operations or future project phases.

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Two ethical issues that Amazon faces in the case of its brutal workforce are worker exploitation and disregard for employee well-being.

Worker exploitation: Amazon has faced criticism for its demanding work environment and high expectations placed on employees. Reports have highlighted long working hours, strict productivity targets, and inadequate breaks, leading to physical and mental strain on workers. This raises concerns about fair treatment, work-life balance, and the overall well-being of Amazon employees.

Disregard for employee well-being: The case also highlights instances where Amazon allegedly failed to prioritize the health and safety of its workforce. Reports of strenuous working conditions, lack of sufficient breaks, and insufficient measures to address workplace injuries or illnesses indicate a lack of consideration for employee well-being. This raises ethical concerns regarding the duty of care that Amazon should have towards its employees.

Recommendations for Amazon to improve business performance and address these ethical issues:

1. Enhance worker welfare programs: Amazon should invest in comprehensive worker welfare programs that prioritize employee health, safety, and well-being. This includes providing adequate breaks, implementing fair working hours, and ensuring proper measures for addressing work-related injuries or health issues. By prioritizing employee welfare, Amazon can improve the overall work environment and foster a positive company culture.

2. Strengthen employee engagement and feedback mechanisms: Amazon should establish robust channels for employee feedback and engagement. This includes regular surveys, open communication channels, and mechanisms for employees to voice their concerns or suggest improvements. By actively involving employees in decision-making processes and addressing their feedback, Amazon can create a more inclusive and supportive work environment, fostering employee satisfaction and loyalty.

By implementing these recommendations, Amazon can demonstrate a commitment to ethical practices, improve the well-being of its workforce, and ultimately enhance its business performance. Prioritizing worker welfare and creating a positive work environment can lead to higher employee morale, increased productivity, and improved customer satisfaction, benefiting both the employees and the company as a whole.

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These rates will be used to allocate overhead costs to jobs based on the machine-hours used.

The Sweeten Company is considering using either a plantwide predetermined overhead rate or departmental predetermined overhead rates.

The company currently uses a plantwide rate based on machine-hours to allocate overhead costs. However, it is considering switching to departmental rates based on machine-hours to better allocate costs between its two manufacturing departments - Molding and Fabrication.

To calculate the departmental rates, the company gathered the following information:
- Molding Department: Estimated total machine-hours used - 2,500, Estimated total fixed manufacturing overhead - $10,000, Estimated variable manufacturing overhead per machine-hour - $1.40
- Fabrication Department: Estimated total machine-hours used - 1,500, Estimated total fixed manufacturing overhead - $15,000, Estimated variable manufacturing overhead per machine-hour - $2.20

Now, let's answer the questions based on the different scenarios:

1. If the company continues to use the plantwide predetermined overhead rate:
- To calculate the predetermined overhead rate, we need to divide the estimated total manufacturing overhead costs ($25,000) by the estimated total machine-hours (4,000).
- Plantwide Predetermined Overhead Rate = $25,000 / 4,000 machine-hours = $6.25 per machine-hour.

2. If the company switches to departmental predetermined overhead rates:
- We will calculate the predetermined overhead rate for each department by dividing the estimated total manufacturing overhead costs for each department by their respective estimated total machine-hours.
- Molding Department Predetermined Overhead Rate = $10,000 / 2,500 machine-hours = $4.00 per machine-hour.
- Fabrication Department Predetermined Overhead Rate = $15,000 / 1,500 machine-hours = $10.00 per machine-hour.

These rates will be used to allocate overhead costs to jobs based on the machine-hours used.
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Fair market value uses the entry price. The entry price refers to the amount at which an asset or liability could be acquired or incurred in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

It represents the price that would be paid to enter into a transaction to acquire the asset or to transfer the liability. Fair market value considers the perspective of market participants and reflects the current market conditions and circumstances. It is determined based on the price that would be agreed upon between a willing buyer and a willing seller, both having reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts and neither being under compulsion to act.

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Fair market value uses the entry price. The entry price refers to the amount at which an asset or liability could be acquired or incurred in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

It represents the price that would be paid to enter into a transaction to acquire the asset or to transfer the liability. Fair market value considers the perspective of market participants and reflects the current market conditions and circumstances. It is determined based on the price that would be agreed upon between a willing buyer and a willing seller, both having reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts and neither being under compulsion to act.

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Based on the information provided, we can analyze the effects of the merger on the new company, New York Modern, Inc., and compare it with the individual companies, Modern Fashions, Inc., and New York Accessories Co.

Given that the new company's market risk is an average of the pre-merger companies' market risks, we can expect that the new company's overall riskiness will be a blend of Modern Fashions and New York Accessories. This means that the new company's WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) will likely fall between the 10% WACC of Modern Fashions and the 12% WACC of New York Accessories.

Regarding the projects:

1. Project Y: The IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of Project Y is 11.5%, and it is of the same risk as a typical New York Accessories project. After the merger, the risk profile of New York Modern, Inc. will include the risk of New York Accessories. Therefore, Project Y's IRR of 11.5% would still be applicable and relevant to New York Modern, Inc.

2. Project X: The IRR of Project X is 10.5%, and it is of the same risk as a typical Modern Fashions project. Similarly, after the merger, the risk profile of New York Modern, Inc. will include the risk of Modern Fashions. Hence, Project X's IRR of 10.5% would still be applicable and relevant to New York Modern, Inc.

Based on this analysis, the correct statement would be:

- After the merger, the IRRs of Project X (10.5%) and Project Y (11.5%) will still be applicable to New York Modern, Inc. as their risk levels align with typical projects of Modern Fashions and New York Accessories, respectively.

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The correct Option Is 4. none of the above. Among the options provided, none has not been used by at least one society structure for settling disputes.

The structure of society is vital in settling disputes in communities.

Among the various strategies employed in settling disputes are those that entail the use of third parties.

The third parties play an important role in ensuring that the conflicting parties come to an agreement.

They may act as arbitrators, mediators, or negotiators, to mention a few.

A third party that mediates between two parties in dispute, to bring them to an agreement, is referred to as a go-between.

Self-Redress is a method of addressing disputes that do not involve the intervention of a third party.

In this technique, the conflicting parties come to an agreement without the need for mediation by a third party.

They may choose to utilize a trial by ordeal, trial by battle, or self-help to settle their issues.

A moot, on the other hand, refers to a gathering where important issues are discussed, and decisions are made on how to address them.

Thus, among the options provided, none has not been used by at least one society structure for settling disputes.

All of them have been used by different societies throughout history, depending on their cultural and legal practices.

Therefore, the correct Option is 4. none of the above

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The sustainable growth rate for Kaleb's Kickboxing is 4.656%.  According to PIMS, an important lever of business success is growth. Among 37 variables, growth is mentioned as one of the most important variables for success: market share, market growth, marketing expense to sales ratio or a strong market position.  

To calculate the sustainable growth rate (SGR), we can use the following formula:

SGR = Profit Margin × Capital Intensity Ratio × Retention Ratio

First, let's calculate the retention ratio:

Retention Ratio = (Net Income - Dividends) / Net Income

Substituting the given values:

Retention Ratio = ($79,856 - $18,094) / $79,856 = $61,762 / $79,856 = 0.774

Next, we can calculate the SGR:

SGR = Profit Margin × Capital Intensity Ratio × Retention Ratio

Given:

Profit Margin = 6% (0.06)

Capital Intensity Ratio = 0.8

Retention Ratio = 0.774

SGR = 0.06 × 0.8 × 0.774 = 0.04656

To convert to a percentage, we multiply by 100:

SGR = 0.04656 × 100 = 4.656%

Therefore, the sustainable growth rate for Kaleb's Kickboxing is 4.656%.

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If setup costs are reduced by substantial reductions in setup time, the optimal order quantity will be increased. This statement is true.

This is because the setup cost represents the cost of preparing a production run, which includes setting up machines, cleaning, and adjustments. The cost of each setup is the same, no matter how many units are produced.

?The optimal order quantity is the one that balances the cost of ordering too few with the cost of carrying too much inventory. The cost of ordering too few units is related to the cost of setting up a production run, while the cost of carrying too much inventory is related to the cost of holding inventory.When there is a significant reduction in setup time, the setup cost is lowered. This reduces the cost of setting up a production run and increases the optimal order quantity.

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Unitary Theory is a perspective in industrial relations that assumes that all employees and employers share the same goals and values, and therefore, there are no significant conflicts of interest between them.

While this theory has some advantages, it also has some weaknesses, including:

Ignores power differences: Unitary Theory assumes that both management and workers have equal power to achieve their objectives, which is not always true. In reality, management usually has more power as they control the distribution of resources and make decisions that affect the workforce. Therefore, this theory overlooks the power dynamics at play in the workplace and, as a result, fails to account for the potential conflict that can arise from those differences.

Oversimplifies the employment relationship: Unitary Theory assumes that the employment relationship is based on mutual trust and cooperation, and any disagreement or conflict is due to misunderstandings or miscommunication. However, in practice, the employment relationship is more complex, and conflict can arise from factors such as differing interests, perceptions, and values. This theory fails to consider these complexities and instead provides an overly simplistic view of the employment relationship, which limits its usefulness in explaining real-world problems faced by employers and employees.

In summary, while Unitary Theory has some strengths, it also has weaknesses related to its assumptions about power dynamics and oversimplification of the employment relationship. These limitations can hinder its ability to provide an accurate understanding of industrial relations in practice.

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To calculate the net income of MNO company after tax, we need to compute the gross profit, operating expenses, and apply the tax rate. Here's how we can calculate it:

Gross Profit:

The sales for the 1st, 3rd, and 4th quarters are Php 300,000 each, so the total sales for those quarters are:

300,000 + 300,000 + 300,000 = Php 900,000

The second-quarter sales are 25% lower than the 1st quarter, so we calculate it as:

300,000 - (0.25 * 300,000) = Php 225,000

The total sales for all quarters are:

900,000 + 225,000 = Php 1,125,000

To calculate the gross profit, we need to subtract the total operating expenses. Since the operating expenses are half of the gross profit, we can calculate the gross profit as:

Gross Profit = 2 * Total Operating Expenses

Gross Profit = 2 * (Total Operating Expenses + Gross Profit)

Gross Profit = 2 * Gross Profit - 2 * Total Operating Expenses

Gross Profit = Gross Profit - Total Operating Expenses

Gross Profit = Gross Profit / 2

Operating Expenses:

Operating Expenses = Gross Profit / 2

Net Income:

Net Income = Gross Profit - (Tax Rate * Gross Profit)

Net Income = Gross Profit * (1 - Tax Rate)

Given that the tax rate is 20% (0.20), we can substitute the values into the formula:

Net Income = Gross Profit * (1 - 0.20)

Net Income = Gross Profit * 0.80

Since Gross Profit = Gross Profit / 2, we can substitute this value as well:

Net Income = (Gross Profit / 2) * 0.80

Net Income = Gross Profit * 0.40

Finally, we can substitute the calculated Gross Profit into the formula to find the net income of the company after tax.

Please note that without the actual values of the Gross Profit or the Total Operating Expenses, it is not possible to provide an exact numerical calculation for the net income.

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The Board of Directors of Action Electronics, Inc. (AEI) making the determination that the working conditions in their facility do not contravene federal or state safety requirements is the choice most likely to be covered by the business judgement rule

. When directors make judgements in good faith and with a reasonable belief that they are best for the firm, they are protected under the business judgement rule. In this instance, the AEI Board of Directors carefully considered the relevant laws and regulations with the assistance of corporate counsel, then reached a decision based on the data at their disposal. Even though an unfortunate situation later happened, the choice was made based on the information at hand and the legal analysis, showing the use of business judgement.

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During the 1980's, the US automakers lost the competition to Japanese and European firms, and they suffered substantial losses. A major public relations campaign started by the early 1990s to encourage US consumers to "Buy American."

It was promoted by industry, labor, and many politicians to promote the purchase of American cars by appealing to patriotism, loyalty, and a responsibility to one's fellow American. This essay will address the following questions:Did Matt Darcy owe any loyalty to American workers, many of whom were his customers? Did he owe more loyalty to Americans who worked for American corporations, or to Americans who were employed in Japanese corporations?Matt Darcy owed no loyalty to anyone. It is his freedom of speech to say whatever he wants. Everyone has the right to say anything they want. He is entitled to say whatever he wants about the quality of American or Japanese cars. He has no legal or moral obligation to advocate for either side.How might a defender of the free market such as Milton Friedman respond to the "Buy American" movement?Milton Friedman would argue that the "Buy American" campaign would negatively impact the free market and competition. According to him, customers should buy whatever they want, and businesses should compete for those customers. By selecting American cars, the consumer is essentially subsidizing them, as well as denying the opportunity to the Japanese and Europeans who are competing in the market.

If one were to adopt a more corporate socially responsible position, as espoused by Edward Freeman, the answer would be different. The socially responsible position would be to take into consideration how the car was produced and under what working conditions. Consumers should make an effort to buy cars that are produced ethically and support companies that support workers' rights.Would it have been ethical for Darcy to lie in this case? Could there have been other things, short of an outright lie, that he could have said that would have pleased his employer? Would it have been ethical for him to do so?It would not have been ethical for Darcy to lie in this case. The ethical thing to do would be to tell the truth about his opinion on the matter. He could have simply stated that he preferred to buy cars based on their quality, regardless of where they are made. It would not have been ethical for him to lie to please his employer. Instead, he could have politely refused to comment.

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a. The open job market refers to job opportunities that are publicly advertised and accessible to a wide range of job seekers.

b. The hidden job market refers to job opportunities that are not publicly advertised and are typically filled through personal connections or networking.

c. The percentage of job seekers who find employment through networking varies, but it is estimated to be around 70-80%.

d. An example of a question to ask on an informational interview is, "Can you share any insights or advice on how to break into this industry or company?"

a. The open job market consists of job opportunities that are openly advertised through various channels such as online job boards, company websites, newspapers, and recruitment agencies. These positions are accessible to a wide range of job seekers and can be applied for by anyone who meets the specified qualifications.

b. The hidden job market refers to job opportunities that are not publicly advertised. These positions are often filled through personal connections, referrals, or networking. Many job openings are never formally advertised, and employers rely on recommendations and word-of-mouth to identify potential candidates. Job seekers can tap into the hidden job market by networking, building relationships, and staying active in professional communities.

c. While the percentage may vary depending on the source and context, networking is widely recognized as a highly effective method for finding employment. It is estimated that around 70-80% of job seekers secure employment through networking connections, highlighting the importance of building and leveraging professional relationships.

d. During an informational interview, you can ask questions to gather insights and advice from professionals in your desired field. An example of a question to ask is, "Can you share any insights or advice on how to break into this industry or company?" This question allows the interviewee to provide valuable guidance and information on navigating the specific industry or organization.

e. Personal or professional branding refers to the way an individual presents and promotes themselves to the world, showcasing their unique skills, qualities, and expertise. It involves creating a distinct and positive reputation that distinguishes one from others in their field. A personal brand encompasses elements such as one's values, strengths, experience, and online presence.

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The formula to calculate absence rate is Total number of separate absences / Average strength of workforce X 100.The correct option is (d).Absence rate

Explanation: Absence rate is the rate at which workers are absent from work due to illness or other reasons, which is expressed as a percentage of the workforce at a given time. To calculate absence rate, we use the formula: Total number of separate absences / Average strength of workforce X 100For example, if a company has a total of 150 absences in a given period and an average workforce strength of 500, the absence rate can be calculated as:150 / 500 X 100 = 30%Therefore, the correct answer to the given question is option (d) absence rate.

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b. can occur after investors make losses. Get Evenitis is a behavioral bias that can occur after investors experience losses.

Get Evenitis refers to a behavioral bias or psychological phenomenon where investors tend to take on higher risks or make aggressive investment decisions after experiencing losses. It is characterized by a desire to "get even" by trying to recover the losses quickly, often leading to impulsive or irrational investment behavior.

Option b. is the correct answer because Get Evenitis is specifically associated with investors making losses. It is a psychological response to losses that can drive investors to take on additional risks or engage in speculative activities in an attempt to recoup their losses quickly.

It is important for investors to be aware of this bias and make rational investment decisions based on sound analysis and risk management principles rather than trying to chase after losses.

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The variable costing income from operations is $1,524,000, which reflects income determined only from variable costs and excludes fixed manufacturing expenses. This reconciliation illustrates the effect of integrating fixed manufacturing costs in the absorption costing approach, which results in higher operating income as compared to the variable costing method.

A. Income Statement with Variable Costing: The variable costing income statement includes sales, variable costs, and contribution margin, resulting in a $1,197,600 profit from operations. The reconciliation of absorption costing and variable costing revenue from operations demonstrates that the absorption costing approach covers fixed manufacturing expenses, resulting in larger income from operations than the variable costing method. The difference in income results from how fixed production expenses are treated in the two costing techniques.

For the month ended July 31, 2016, Rhys Company Income Statement - Variable Costing

$4,440,000.00 in sales (96,000 units)

Variable cost of products sold: $2,880,000.00 Variable cost of goods made

115,200.00 in variable selling and administrative expenditures

The total variable expenses are $2,995,200.00.

$1,444,800.00 contribution margin

132,000.00 in fixed manufacturing expenses

115,200.00 in fixed selling and administrative expenditures

$1,197,600.00 in net income from operations

B. Income from Operations Reconciliation of Absorption Costing and Variable Costing:

$1,656,000.00 in operational absorption costs

- $132,000.00 less fixed manufacturing costs

$1,524,000.00 in variable costing income from operations

To reconcile the absorption costing income from operations of $1,656,000 with the variable costing income from operations, deduct $132,000 from the absorption costing income from operations (which is included in the absorption costing but not in the variable costing).

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Comparing two different types of forecasts involves assessing their accuracy, consistency, and reliability. By looking at what actually happened, calculating the overall average, or comparing mean standard deviations, you can gain insights into the performance of each forecast and determine which one is better suited for making informed decisions.  To compare two different types of forecasts and determine which one is "better," you can use several approaches:

1. Look at what actually happened: Compare the actual outcomes with the forecasts and see which forecast was closer to the actual result. This approach provides a qualitative assessment of the accuracy of each forecast. The forecast that aligns more closely with the actual outcomes is considered better.

2. Calculate the overall average: Calculate the average or mean value for the actual time period you have available and compare it with the average forecasted value from each forecast. This method provides a quantitative comparison by assessing the overall accuracy of the forecasts. The forecast with a smaller difference or deviation from the actual average is considered better.

3. Compare mean standard deviations: Calculate the standard deviation for each forecast and compare them. The forecast with a smaller standard deviation indicates less variability or uncertainty and can be considered more reliable. This method is particularly useful when comparing forecasts with different levels of precision or dispersion.

1. Look at what actually happened: Compare the actual outcomes with the forecasts and determine which forecast was closer to the actual results. For example, if one forecast predicted a sales volume of 1,000 units, and the actual sales turned out to be 980 units, while another forecast predicted 900 units, the first forecast would be considered better because it was closer to the actual outcome.

2. Calculate the overall average: Calculate the average or mean value for the actual time period you have available and compare it with the average forecasted value from each forecast. For instance, if the actual average sales for a month were 1,200 units, and one forecast predicted an average of 1,150 units, while the other forecast predicted an average of 1,300 units, the first forecast would be considered better because it had a smaller difference from the actual average.

3. Compare mean standard deviations: Calculate the standard deviation for each forecast, representing the degree of dispersion around the mean. Compare the standard deviations of the forecasts to assess their reliability. For example, if one forecast has a standard deviation of 50 units, while the other forecast has a standard deviation of 80 units, the forecast with the smaller standard deviation would be considered better since it indicates less variability or uncertainty.

Comparing two different types of forecasts involves assessing their accuracy, consistency, and reliability. By looking at what actually happened, calculating the overall average, or comparing mean standard deviations, you can gain insights into the performance of each forecast and determine which one is better suited for making informed decisions. It is important to consider both qualitative and quantitative factors when evaluating forecasts to ensure a comprehensive analysis.

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During 2017, Dazzle Corporation continued to amortize the patent purchased in 2014 for P7,140,000 over its remaining legal life of 15 years, expiring in January 2029.

In 2014, Dazzle Corporation acquired a patent for P7,140,000, and according to accounting principles, the company is required to amortize the cost of the patent over its useful life. The useful life of a patent is determined by its legal life, which in this case is 15 years, expiring in January 2029. Amortization is the process of allocating the cost of an intangible asset, such as a patent, over its useful life.

During 2017, Dazzle Corporation continued to amortize the patent by spreading out the cost of P7,140,000 over the remaining years until the patent's legal life ends. This means that a portion of the patent's cost is being recognized as an expense on the company's income statement each year. The purpose of amortization is to match the cost of the patent with the revenue it generates over its useful life.

By amortizing the patent, Dazzle Corporation is able to reflect the gradual consumption of the patent's value over time. This approach aligns with the matching principle in accounting, which states that expenses should be recognized in the same period as the revenues they help generate. As a result, Dazzle Corporation's financial statements accurately reflect the ongoing utilization of the patent's rights and the corresponding impact on the company's profitability.

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To determine the amount of current assets, we need to identify the items that are classified as current assets in the given data.

The amount of current assets based on the given data is $384,400.

Current assets include accounts receivable, cash, inventory, short-term investments, and prepaid insurance.

From the provided data, we have:

Accounts receivable: $102,000

Cash: $71,000

Inventory: $125,000

Short-term investments: $84,000

Prepaid insurance: $2,400

Now, we can calculate the total current assets by summing up these values:

Current assets = Accounts receivable + Cash + Inventory + Short-term investments + Prepaid insurance

Current assets = $102,000 + $71,000 + $125,000 + $84,000 + $2,400

Current assets = $384,400

Therefore, the amount of current assets based on the given data is $384,400.

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Businesses are said to be "related" when their products/services option (a) satisfy the same buyer needs and are thus purchased by the same types of buyers.

Because of the many possible advantages that are available from related businesses working together in a corporate structure, related businesses have the potential to be better together than apart, allowing for synergy between the businesses.

Relatedness in the corporate context refers to the degree to which the value chains of two or more different businesses are comparable in terms of the types of competitive resources and capabilities they possess or the ways in which they are configured.

There are five primary ways in which businesses can be related. They are as follows:

Businesses with related value chains that are complementary to one another Businesses with similar products that are sold to the same types of customers and target markets.Businesses in the same industry with similar driving forces and key success factors.

Businesses with similar competitive strategies and best practices.Businesses that have competitively valuable cross-business relationships that offer potential opportunities for the businesses to perform better as a result of operating together under the same corporate umbrella than they could by operating as standalone entities.

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The ratings by Standard & Poor's that represent "investment grade" are AA and BB.

Investment grade ratings are assigned by credit rating agencies to indicate the creditworthiness of a company or government entity's debt securities. These ratings help investors assess the level of risk associated with investing in those securities. Standard & Poor's (S&P) is one of the leading credit rating agencies.

In S&P's rating system, ratings ranging from AAA to BBB are considered investment grade. These ratings reflect a relatively low risk of default on the debt obligations. AA is a high-quality rating, indicating a very low credit risk. BB is a lower rating within the investment grade category, indicating a moderate credit risk.

Ratings below investment grade, such as C, B, or CCC, are known as "junk" or "speculative" ratings. These ratings suggest a higher risk of default and are generally associated with higher interest rates to compensate for the increased risk.

In summary, AA and BB are the ratings by Standard & Poor's that represent "investment grade." These ratings signify a lower risk of default on debt obligations compared to lower-rated securities.

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The correct answer to the question is "reinvestment risk".Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) offer constant recovery of principal, which reduces reinvestment risk.

Reinvestment risk is the risk that a bond issuer will redeem a bond at maturity and reinvest the proceeds at a lower interest rate. This reduces the future income to be earned by an investor who buys the bond when it was originally issued. As a result, the constant recovery of principal offered by Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) reduces reinvestment risk. A mortgage-backed security is a bond that is supported by a pool of home loans. They are created by banks or other lending institutions, which purchase groups of mortgages, pool them together, and then sell portions of those pools as bonds to investors. Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) have other risks, such as interest rate risk and liquidity risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that interest rates will change and impact the value of the bond. Liquidity risk is the risk that an investor won't be able to sell a bond when they want to sell it.

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The correct and most favorable method of reporting the income Jessica received from Party Central Bank is by filing a tax return on behalf of Nicholas. The reason for this is that Nicholas had performed the contract work for Party Central Bank, and he had been due to receive payment from them prior to his death.

The tax rate for estates can be quite high, with the maximum rate being 37%, so it's important to ensure that the estate is properly managed in order to minimize the tax liability. If the estate's income is distributed to beneficiaries, they will be responsible for reporting that income on their own individual tax returns.

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Therefore, the correct answer is:
c) 231.02

To calculate the new stock price for Corporate Inc. at the end of 2020, we need to follow these steps:
1. Calculate the average dividend growth rate from 2018 to 2020:
  - Dividend growth rate = (Dividends per share in 2020 - Dividends per share in 2018) / Dividends per share in 2018
  - Dividend growth rate = (2.52 - 2.08) / 2.08 = 0.2115

2. Calculate the average payout ratio from 2018 to 2020:
  - Payout ratio = Dividends per share / EPS
  - Payout ratio in 2018 = 2.08 / 8.3 = 0.25
  - Payout ratio in 2019 = 2.28 / 9.1 = 0.25
  - Payout ratio in 2020 = 2.52 / 10 = 0.252
  - Average payout ratio = (0.25 + 0.25 + 0.252) / 3 = 0.2507

3. Calculate the new dividend growth rate and payout ratio for 2021 and later years, considering the 0.5 percentage point increase in the earnings growth rate:
  - New dividend growth rate = Average dividend growth rate + 0.5% = 0.2115 + 0.5% = 0.2165
  - New payout ratio = Average payout ratio

4. Calculate the new EPS for 2021:
  - New EPS = EPS in 2020 * (1 + New dividend growth rate) = 10 * (1 + 0.2165) = 12.165

5. Calculate the equity cost of capital:
  - Assume a discount rate of 10%
  - Equity cost of capital = EPS in 2021 / Discount rate = 12.165 / 0.10 = 121.65

6. Calculate the new stock price at the end of 2020:
  - New stock price = Equity cost of capital * EPS in 2021 = 121.65 * 12.165 = 1479.59

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1. Total anticipated fixed cost associated with production of the new product for the first month is $1,690. 2. Total anticipated variable cost associated with the production of the new product for the first month is $1,080. 3. The total opportunity cost associated with producing the new product is $6,000.

Sherri has developed a new popular bag for which she would like to hire workers to produce and spend some time promoting it. She will rent a garage for $300 per month for production purposes. Utilities will cost $90 per month. Sherri has already taken an industrial design course at the local college to help prepare. This course cost $500. Sherri will rent production equipment at a monthly cost of $800. Sherri estimates the material cost per unit will be $10, and the labour cost will be $8. Sherri will need to quit her job, which pays $6000 per month. Advertising and promotion will cost $600 per month. Sherri anticipates producing 60 bags in the first month.To calculate the total anticipated fixed cost $ amount associated with production of the new product for the first month we have to sum the fixed costs together.

Fixed costs = rent + utilities + course cost + production equipment rent

Fixed costs = $300 + $90 + $500 + $800

Fixed costs = $1,690

Thus, the total anticipated fixed cost $ amount associated with production of the new product for the first month is $1,690.To calculate the total anticipated variable cost $ amount associated with the production of the new product for the first month, we have to multiply the labor cost and material cost per unit by the number of units produced.Variable costs = material cost per unit * number of units + labor cost per unit * number of unitsVariable costs = $10 * 60 + $8 * 60Variable costs = $1,080Thus, the total anticipated variable cost $ amount associated with the production of the new product for the first month is $1,080.Opportunity cost is the cost of the next best alternative forgone. Since Sherri quits her job, the total opportunity cost associated with producing the new product is her monthly wage, which is $6,000.

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The per-unit profit contributed by the sale of these additional 100 units is $2.00.

To calculate the per-unit profit contributed by the sale of these additional 100 units, we need to consider the cost and revenue associated with the special order.

- Special order quantity: 100 units

- Special order price: $5.50 per unit

To calculate the per-unit profit, we need to determine the cost per unit and subtract it from the selling price per unit.

Since the special order is a one-time only order and filling it will not affect other regular orders, we can assume that the fixed costs and overhead expenses remain the same as at the break-even point.

To calculate the cost per unit, we need to consider the variable costs associated with producing each unit. These variable costs include direct materials, direct labor, and other variable expenses.

Let's assume that the variable costs per unit are $3.50.

Revenue from selling 100 units at $5.50 per unit:

Revenue = 100 units * $5.50 = $550.00

Total variable costs for producing 100 units:

Variable Costs = 100 units * $3.50 = $350.00

Total contribution (profit) from the special order:

Contribution = Revenue - Variable Costs = $550.00 - $350.00 = $200.00

Per-unit profit contributed by the sale of these additional 100 units:

Per-unit Profit = Contribution / Number of Units = $200.00 / 100 units = $2.00

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