There are various factors that could lead to another Euro debt crisis.
Although the original convergence criteria has helped some of the countries in the Euro Zone in the past, there is still a possibility that some countries may struggle to meet the criteria and may not be able to repay their debts.
The level of public debt and the inability to pay it back are some of the leading factors that could result in a Euro debt crisis.
The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has also contributed to economic instability, and with several countries still struggling to recover from the last debt crisis, another crisis is a possibility.
Moreover, the state of play in the Euro Zone today shows that some countries may still be carrying high levels of public debt which could increase their chances of getting into another crisis. the original convergence criteria has helped some of the countries in the Euro Zone in the past, there is still a possibility that some countries may struggle to meet the criteria and may not be able to repay their debts. The level of public debt and the inability to pay it back are some of the leading factors that could result in a Euro debt crisis.
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How do you think your chinese culture has impacted
Australian society – consider now and its impacts in the future? Do
you think there has been positive change?
The Chinese culture has undeniably made a significant impact on Australian society, both presently and with implications for the future. One notable influence is seen in Australia's multicultural landscape.
Where Chinese traditions, customs, and cuisine have become an integral part of the cultural fabric. Chinese festivals like Lunar New Year are celebrated nationwide, fostering diversity and understanding among different communities. The Chinese community's contributions to various sectors, such as business, arts, science, and education, have also had a positive impact on Australian society.
Chinese Australians have enriched the country's economic and cultural life, promoting innovation, entrepreneurship, and cross-cultural exchange. Additionally, Chinese language programs in schools have grown in popularity, reflecting the increasing interest and appreciation for Chinese culture. Looking ahead, the ongoing influence of Chinese culture is likely to continue shaping Australian society.
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4. During the pandemic, people were eager to stock up on toilet paper. In her haste, Anne bought 100 rolls of toilet paper without looking at the price. Bob said he will buy the whole store's inventory of toilet paper as long as the price is below $4, and won't buy any if it is above $4. Cassie bought $100 worth of toilet paper without looking at the price.
To answer the given problem statement, we can use the equation, where price per roll is "p", number of rolls is "n" and the total price is "t": t = p * n We know that Anne bought 100 rolls of toilet paper without looking at the price.
Therefore, the total price she paid is equal to the product of the price per roll and the number of rolls. t = p * 100We don't know the price per roll, so we can't calculate the total price yet. We also know that Bob said he will buy the whole store's inventory of toilet paper as long as the price is below $4, and won't buy any if it is above $4. We don't know the actual price of the toilet paper yet, but we can use the inequality to represent Bob's condition for buying toilet paper: 4 > p Cassie bought $100 worth of toilet paper without looking at the price.
Therefore, the total price she paid is equal to the amount she spent on toilet paper. t = 100 We still don't know the price per roll, so we can't calculate the number of rolls she bought yet.
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fissuming that Alicia uses the aging approach to estimate
uncollectible accounts,
what is the amount of bad debt expense for 2012?
a.
b.
C.
ò
e.
$6.000
$7.000
$8,000
$9,000
$12,000
Option d: The correct answer is option (D) $9,000 based on the information provided about bad debt expense.
Given Data:
Uncollectible accounts receivable at December 31, 2011 = $27,000
Uncollectible accounts receivable at December 31, 2012 = $18,000
Credit Sales during 2012 = $720,000
Using the Aging approach to estimate uncollectible accounts, Alicia's first step would be to calculate the "estimated" balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at the end of 2012.
Step 1: Calculate Estimated Balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at the end of 2012Age Analysis of Accounts Receivable: Age Group Account Balance Percent Estimated Uncollectible Amount Current $300,000 0.5% $1,5001–30days 150,000 2% 3,00031–60days 90,000 5% 4,50061–90days 45,000 20% 9,000Over 90days 45,000 50% 22,500
Totals $630,000 and $40,500
Aging schedule of accounts receivable shows that $40,500 is the estimated uncollectible amount for the ending balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
Step 2: Calculate the amount of Bad Debt Expense for 2012:
Bad Debt Expense = Ending Balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – Beginning Balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts + write-offs
$40,500 – $27,000 + $6,000 = $19,500
Bad Debt Expense for 2012 = $19,500Therefore, option (E) $12,000 is incorrect. The correct answer is option (D) $9,000.
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You are working as a researcher in an economic Institute, you want to study the relation between the Unit sales as a Dependent variable and the following independent variables (selling expenditure, advertising, competitive price) As shown in the following model Unit Sales,= b0+b1 Expt + b2 Advt.b3 compt.Ut After collecting your data, and estimating your linear regression over the data, you got the following regression equation Unit Sales,= -10.5-0.51 Exp,+ (2.45) (-1.5) 0.09 Adv. 3.05 b3 compt (4.2) (2.94) t-value R² = 0.24 F- Value 0.33 " 1- What is the economic meaning of the coefficient b0 (-10.5) 2- Describe the meaning of R2 and its value, F - Value 3- What do you think about the Model as a whole, with F, R2 values....is it significant or not....explain your answer
1. The economic meaning of the coefficient b0 (-10.5) is the expected value of Unit Sales when all independent variables (selling expenditure, advertising, and competitive price) are equal to zero. In other words, the intercept (-10.5) indicates that even if there is no selling expenditure, advertising, or competitive price, there will still be some unit sales.
2. R2 is the coefficient of determination and is a measure of the goodness of fit of the regression model. It indicates the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable (Unit Sales) that is explained by the independent variables (selling expenditure, advertising, and competitive price). In this case, R2 is 0.24, which means that 24% of the variation in Unit Sales can be explained by the independent variables. F-value is the test statistic for the overall significance of the regression model. In this case, F-value is 0.33, which is less than 1 and indicates that the regression model is not significant.
3. The model as a whole is not significant as indicated by the low F-value. This means that the independent variables (selling expenditure, advertising, and competitive price) are not jointly significant in explaining the variation in Unit Sales. The R2 value of 0.24 indicates that only 24% of the variation in Unit Sales is explained by the independent variables, which is relatively low. This suggests that there may be other factors that are influencing Unit Sales that are not captured by the independent variables in the model.
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A robbery takes place and printing plates are stolen. Businessman Keerti goes to a hotel owner, Vikram claiming to have been behind the robbery. He offers Vikram €1.5 billion in counterfeit currency in exchange for €500 million real banknotes. Vikram agrees and borrows the €500 million from a billionaire Armaan, who has been his friend for years & is also a maternal cousin, 7 generations removed . It is then revealed that Keerti never stole the printing plates, and was conning Vikram. Now, unable to return Armaan's money, Keerti is forced to give Armaan control of five hotels that he owns in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Assuming that the Indian Contract Act, 1872 is applicable, address: whether there is a contract between Keerti and Vikram? Give reasons for your answer.
(B) Pitying at the state of Vikram, Arman decides to enter into an arrangement with him. They decide that Vikram’s son (Colin) and Arman’s daughter (Raya) will be married to each other. As per the arrangement, the first child that Colin and Raya will bear shall inherit all the business of Vikram and Arman, when the child turns 21 years old. Until then, the couple will remain as care-takers of the entire business. When the couple’s first and only child, Jaya turns 21, Colin refuses to give away his father’s share of the business as inheritance. Colin wants his son from his first marriage to inherit the ancestral business. He argues that the arrangement between Vikram and Arman does not stand. Jaya has sued her father Colin. Colin is arguing that –
Jaya does not have cause of action because she is not a party to the contract between Vikram and Arman.
There was undue influence in the creation of the contract between Arman and Vikram.
Argue on behalf of Jaya on the aforesaid two points. You are required to support your argument with relevant cases and illustrations.
(C) With the ongoing court case, Jaya is extremely stressed. This takes a toll on her as she has to confront her father and brother not only in the court room but also in their home estate. The tension at the work place and at home drives her to seek professional help from Maximus, a well-known therapist in the city. Jaya starts talking to Maximus about how she isn't interested and doesn't feel appropriate as this is her family. A part of her conscience hurts as she is going against her father, Colin and older half-brother Faiz. Maximus suggests that her inner peace is important over these materialistic gains and she has the strength to rise above this. Maximus suggests she may reconsider and withdraw from the legal battle. Jaya gets to know about a rumour that Maximus and Faiz have been dating each other over a year. She confronts Maximus at her next session, "If you do not deny it, I shall assume you do not know my older half-brother, Faiz". Maximus remains quiet and they proceed with the scheduled session. 02 weeks later, Maximus and Faiz meet at a charity event and begin courting each other. Over a couple of weeks, Jaya tells Maximus "What you had said earlier, about rising above all this materialistic gains, has been with me ever since and I will enter a new agreement to end this feud." Jaya draws up a new agreement stating that she is giving away the prospects of all her claims on the concerned ancestral property for her brother’s welfare and the peace of the family (written, registered, signed & sealed). After a couple of weeks, Jaya learns (from their chief butler running their home estate) about the relationship between Faiz and Maximus and that they are planning to enter into a civil partnership. She is furious. She has sued Faiz. She is claiming -
There is no contract as there is no consideration.
There is no contract because consent was not free. There was fraud.
Argue on behalf of Faiz to honour the contract. You are required to support your argument with relevant cases and illustrations.
There is no contract between Keerti and Vikram for the exchange of counterfeit currency for real banknotes. The transaction involves illegal activities and the exchange of counterfeit currency, which is against the law.
According to the Indian Contract Act, 1872, any agreement that is unlawful or against public policy is void. The offer and acceptance in this case are based on an illegal act, making it unenforceable. Keerti's deception and Vikram's involvement in the illegal further invalidate the possibility of a valid contract. Jaya has a cause of action and the contract between Vikram and Arman can be challenged on the grounds of undue influence. Undue influence occurs when one party takes advantage of their dominant position to influence the decisions of another party. In this case, Arman, who is in a dominant position as a billionaire and friend of Vikram, influences Vikram to enter into the arrangement for the marriage of Colin and Raya.
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During the Covid-19 lockdown, Jade saw a significant decline in her café business, which operates in Parramatta CBD. The situation is improving; however, since offices are increasingly allowing employees to work from home, Jade is concerned about the viability of her business in the long run. She knows you are an accountant and can advise her with the critical business decision: o to continue operating in loss, o shut down the business, and wait until things improve, o exit the café business, and invest the amount in a flourishing online business According to Jade, during the month ending 30th April 2022, the café recorded a total revenue of $6,000. Further, the cafe incurred a fixed cost of $3,000 and a variable cost of $4,000. Consider the relevant factors that influence the critical business decision of operating, shutting down, or exiting the market. Use the given financial information to prepare a report of approximately 500 words, advising Jade on the critical business decision (10 Marks)
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on businesses worldwide, including the café industry. Jade's café in Parramatta CBD has experienced a decline in revenue due to the lockdown and the increasing trend of remote work.
This report aims to analyze the financial situation of Jade's café, considering revenue, fixed costs, and variable costs. Based on this analysis, we will provide recommendations on whether to continue operating in loss, shut down temporarily, or exit the café business and invest in a flourishing online venture.
Financial Analysis:
During the month ending 30th April 2022, Jade's café recorded a total revenue of $6,000. This amount provides the basis for our analysis. The café also incurred fixed costs of $3,000 and variable costs of $4,000 during the same period.
1. Contribution Margin:
To determine the café's profitability, we calculate the contribution margin, which is the difference between revenue and variable costs. The contribution margin can help us assess the café's ability to cover fixed costs and generate a profit. In this case, the contribution margin is calculated as follows:
Contribution Margin = Revenue - Variable Costs
Contribution Margin = $6,000 - $4,000
Contribution Margin = $2,000
2. Breakeven Analysis:
Next, we perform a breakeven analysis to determine the level of sales required to cover all costs and reach the breakeven point. The breakeven point is the level of sales where total revenue equals total costs (fixed and variable). The formula for breakeven point is as follows:
Breakeven Point (in units) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin
In this case, the breakeven point is calculated as follows:
Breakeven Point (in units) = $3,000 / $2,000
Breakeven Point (in units) = 1.5 units
Based on this calculation, Jade's café needs to sell at least 1.5 units (rounded up to 2) to cover all costs and reach the breakeven point.
Recommendation:
Considering the financial analysis and the current market conditions, we can provide the following recommendations to Jade:
1. Continuation with Modifications:
While the café is currently operating at a loss, it's essential to assess potential strategies for adapting to the changing market. Jade could consider implementing measures to reduce costs, such as negotiating better deals with suppliers or optimizing staffing levels based on demand. Additionally, she could explore new revenue streams, such as offering takeout and delivery services or introducing online ordering systems.
2. Temporary Shutdown and Adaptation:
If the decline in revenue continues and the café is struggling to cover fixed costs, Jade could consider temporarily shutting down the business. This period could be used to assess the situation, analyze competitors, and plan for the future. Jade could take this opportunity to reevaluate the café's concept, menu, and marketing strategies to better align with customer preferences and the evolving market landscape.
3. Business Exit and Online Investment:
If Jade believes that the café industry's long-term prospects are unfavorable, she may choose to exit the café business and invest the capital in a flourishing online venture. Before making this decision, it is crucial to thoroughly research and evaluate potential online business opportunities to ensure their viability and alignment with Jade's skills, interests, and financial goals.
Conclusion:
The decision to continue operating, shut down temporarily, or exit the café business and invest in an online venture requires careful consideration of various factors. Financial analysis, including the breakeven point and contribution margin, provides insights into the café's current situation. Based on these insights, Jade should weigh the risks, market conditions, and her own aspirations to make an informed decision.
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10 Part 10 of 15 01:52:18 Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Cardinal Company is considering a five-year project that would require a $2,812,000 investment in equipment with a useful life of five years and no salvage value. The company's discount rate is 16%. The project would provide net operating income in each of five years as follows: Sales Variable expenses $ 2,055,000 1,010,000 1,045,000 Contribution margin Fixed expenses: Advertising, salaries, and other fixed out-of-pocket costs $ 798,000 Depreciation 562,400 Total fixed expenses 1,160,400 $ 404.600 Net operating incone Click here to view Exhibit 128-1 and Exhibit 128-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using table. 10. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, would you expect the project's payback period to be higher, lower, or the same? O Higher O Lower O Same
The answer to this question is 'lower.'Payback period refers to the amount of time it takes for an investment to recover its initial cost. It is the time it takes for a company to recoup its investment. It's an easy way to assess the feasibility of a project. It is found by dividing the cost of the investment by the annual cash inflows.
A shorter payback period is considered preferable since it reduces the risk associated with the project and helps to recoup the investment quickly. If the equipment has a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, we can assume that the project's payback period will decrease. This is due to the fact that the salvage value of $300,000 is a cash inflow for the company, which reduces the cost of the investment. As a result, the project would take less time to recover its initial cost.
A shorter payback period is considered preferable since it reduces the risk associated with the project and helps to recoup the investment quickly. If the equipment has a salvage'Payback period refers to the amount of time it takes for an investment to recover its initial cost. It is the time it takes for a company to recoup its investment. It's an easy way to assess the feasibility of a project. It is found by dividing the cost of the investment by the annual cash inflows.
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Tally, Inc., sold $200,000 in inventory to Merna Company during 2015 for $250,000. Merna resold $175,000 of this merchandise in 2015 with the remainder to be disposed of during 2016. Assuming that Tally owns 40 percent of Merna and applies the equity method, what journal entry is recorded at the end of 2015 to defer the unrealized gross profit?
Journal entry at the end of 2015 to defer unrealized gross profit:
Debit: Deferred Gross Profit - Merna Company (40% x $75,000)
Credit: Unrealized Gross Profit - Merna Company (40% x $75,000)
Tally, Inc. sold inventory worth $200,000 to Merna Company for $250,000, resulting in an unrealized gross profit of $50,000 ($250,000 - $200,000). As Tally owns 40% of Merna, they need to defer 40% of the unrealized gross profit. The journal entry debits the Deferred Gross Profit - Merna Company account for 40% of $50,000 ($20,000) and credits the Unrealized Gross Profit - Merna Company account for the same amount. This entry recognizes that Tally has not realized its portion of the profit until Merna resells the remaining inventory in 2016. It defers the recognition of profit until it is actually earned in subsequent periods.
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The successful International Marketer in the 21st century will have global awareness and a frame of reference that goes beyond a region or even a country and encompasses the world. Discuss the traits of internationally aware Marketer. (20 Marks)
An internationally aware marketer in the 21st century possesses a combination of cultural sensitivity, global market knowledge, adaptability, communication skills, and a global mindset.
1. Cultural Sensitivity: An internationally aware marketer understands and appreciates cultural differences across countries and regions. They are sensitive to diverse cultural norms, values, beliefs, and customs, which helps them tailor marketing strategies and messaging to specific target markets.
2. Language Proficiency: Being proficient in multiple languages is an advantage for an internationally aware marketer. It allows them to communicate effectively with consumers, understand local nuances, and build relationships based on trust and respect.
3. Global Market Knowledge: A successful international marketer keeps up-to-date with global market trends, emerging economies, and geopolitical factors that impact the business environment. They possess a deep understanding of different markets, including consumer behavior, market dynamics, and regulatory frameworks.
4. Adaptability: International markets are dynamic and constantly evolving. An internationally aware marketer is adaptable and flexible in their approach, capable of adjusting strategies to accommodate changing market conditions, consumer preferences, and emerging opportunities.
5. Cross-cultural Communication Skills: Effective communication across cultures is crucial for an internationally aware marketer. They have excellent interpersonal and cross-cultural communication skills, allowing them to build relationships, negotiate deals, and resolve conflicts in a culturally sensitive manner.
6. Global Networking: Building a strong network of international contacts is essential for an internationally aware marketer. They actively engage in networking events, industry conferences, and professional associations to establish connections and gain insights from experts in various markets.
7. Strategic Thinking: An internationally aware marketer possesses strong strategic thinking skills. They can analyze global market trends, identify opportunities, and develop innovative marketing strategies that align with overall business objectives and target market needs.
8. Digital Savviness: In today's globalized world, digital marketing plays a crucial role. An internationally aware marketer understands digital channels, social media platforms, and e-commerce trends. They leverage technology to reach global audiences, create engaging content, and measure marketing effectiveness.
9. Ethical Awareness: Operating in diverse markets requires an internationally aware marketer to be ethically conscious. They understand and respect local ethical standards, legal frameworks, and corporate social responsibility practices.
10. Global Mindset: Ultimately, an internationally aware marketer possesses a global mindset. They have a broad perspective, open-mindedness, and a willingness to learn from different cultures and markets. They embrace diversity and are inclusive in their approach, which fosters creativity and innovation.
By embracing these traits, they can effectively navigate the complexities of the global marketplace and succeed in driving business growth on an international scale.
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Under US GAAP, in which section(s) of the cash flow statement do interest paid and dividends paid appear, respectively? Multiple Choice: A) Financing and Investing, respectively. B)Investing and Investing, respectively C)Operating and Financing, respectively D)Financing and Operating, respectively E)Financing and Financing, respectively.
Under US GAAP, interest paid appears in the "Financing" section of the cash flow statement, while dividends paid appear in the "Operating" section. Therefore the correct option is D) Financing and Operating.
Operating activities in the cash flow statement involve the primary activities of a company, such as sales, purchases of inventory, and salaries. On the other hand, financing activities deal with raising and paying back loans, issuing and buying back stock, and paying dividends, among other things.
Interest paid to lenders, which is a cost of financing the company's operations, is included in the Financing section of the cash flow statement. This is because it represents the cash outflow associated with borrowing and is directly related to the financing activities of the company.
Dividends paid, on the other hand, are recorded in the Operating section of the cash flow statement. Dividends represent a distribution of profits to shareholders and do not directly impact the company's operating activities. Therefore, dividends paid are considered an outflow of cash from operating activities.
Under US GAAP, interest paid is recorded in the Financing section of the cash flow statement, reflecting the cost of financing, while dividends paid are recorded in the Operating section as they represent a distribution of profits to shareholders. It is important for financial statement users to correctly identify and categorize these cash flows in order to understand the sources and uses of cash within a company.
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Which of the following is not a project process?
a) Planning and Initiation
b) Implementation and Progress
c) Monitoring and Control
d) Quality Control
Quality control is not a project process. It is a project management process and is focused on ensuring that the deliverables produced by the project meet the requirements and standards set out in the project plan.
A project is a temporary endeavor that is designed to produce a unique outcome, service, or result. It is temporary because it has a defined beginning and end, and it is unique because it is not part of an organisation ongoing operations. A project process is a set of activities that are designed to achieve a specific goal. Project processes are the building blocks of a project, and they are used to manage the project from start to finish. Generally, project processes are divided into five groups, including: Initiation Planning. Execution Monitoring and Control Closure. Therefore, quality control is not a project process because it falls under the monitoring and control process of the project. It is a management process that is designed to ensure that the deliverables produced by the project meet the requirements set out in the project plan.
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Imagine that a firm faces the following benefits:
π=PQ-wL-rK
And its production function:
Q=L^αK^α
1)Find the critical values of Q, L and K.
2)Use the Hessian and the second order conditions to find out if it is a maximum.
Given the firm's benefits and production function as follows;π=PQ-wL-rKQ=L^αK^αTo find the critical values of Q, L and K;Differentiating Q w.r.t L;{eq}\frac{∂Q}{∂L}=αL^{α-1}K^{α}{/eq}Differentiating
Q w.r.t K;{eq}\frac{∂Q}{∂K}=αK^{α-1}L^{α}{/eq}Solving for L and K at the critical points by equating the above two first-order partial derivatives to zero.αL^(α - 1)K^(α) = 0, which means either L = 0 or K = 0, or both.αK^(α - 1)L^(α) = 0, which means either K = 0 or L = 0, or both.Therefore, L = K = 0 or α = 0.1)Critical values of Q, L, and K.Let's assume that the critical point at which both L and K are non-zero, hence we have;αL^(α - 1)K^(α) = 0αK^(α - 1)L^(α) = 0Multiplying the above two equations,α^2 L^(2α-2)K^(2α-2) = 0
Therefore, L or K = 0 or α = 0The critical points of the firm's production function Q(L, K) are L, K, and Q = 0 or α = 0.2)Hessian and the second-order conditionsWe can find the Hessian of the production function, given byH(Q) = ∂^2Q/∂L^2 * ∂^2Q/∂K^2 - (∂^2Q/∂L∂K)^2Using the above values obtained;{eq}\frac{∂^2Q}{∂L^2}=α(α-1)L^{α-2}K^{α}{/eq}{eq}\frac{∂^2Q}{∂K^2}=α(α-1)K^{α-2}L^{α}{/eq}{eq}\frac{∂^2Q}{∂L∂K}=α^2L^{α-1}K^{α-1}{/eq}
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.Which of the following represents the transaction created when an NSF cheque is recorded?
A. Decrease Accounts Receivable, Decrease Bank Chequing
B. Increase Accounts Receivable, Decrease Bank Chequing
C. Increase Accounts Receivable, Increase Bank Chequing
D. Decrease Accounts Receivable, Increase Bank Chequing
Decrease Accounts Receivable, Increase Bank Chequing when recording an NSF (Non-Sufficient Funds) cheque transaction. Therefore, the correct option is (D).
The correct transaction created when recording an NSF (Non-Sufficient Funds) cheque is Decrease Accounts Receivable, Increase Bank Chequing. When a customer writes a cheque that bounces due to insufficient funds in their bank account, it means that the amount owed to the business (Accounts Receivable) should be reduced since the payment was not successful. Therefore, there is a decrease in the Accounts Receivable balance. At the same time, the bank account of the business (Bank Chequing) needs to be adjusted to reflect the returned cheque and the amount that was not received. This requires an increase in the Bank Chequing balance to accurately reflect the loss of funds.This transaction ensures that the accounting records reflect the non-payment and the impact on both the accounts receivable and bank balances, providing an accurate representation of the NSF cheque.Therefore, the correct option is (D).
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Sophia is a valued employee in your department. She is positive and dependable but lacks ambition and has stagnated in her position this year. She also is consistently late on deadlines, although the work she turns in is usually flawless. Choose one (1) of the performance evaluation methods discussed in the course and use it to evaluate the two (2) most popular sets of criteria for Sophia. Explain why your evaluation method is strong or weak and how it could be improved.
One of the performance evaluation methods that can be used to evaluate Sophia's performance is the method. In this method, the evaluator will write describing the employee's performance, accomplishments, and areas for improvement.
The two most popular sets of criteria for Sophia's evaluation could be:
1. Meeting Deadlines
2. Ambition
The two most popular sets of criteria for Sophia's evaluation could be:
1. Meeting Deadlines
Sophia constantly misses deadlines, which is not acceptable in a professional setting. However, the work she turns in is usually flawless. Therefore, the evaluator could write something like this:"Sophia has consistently missed deadlines this year, causing delays in project completion. However, her work is usually of high quality, and she pays attention to detail."
2. Ambition
Sophia lacks ambition and has stagnated in her position this year. The evaluator could write something like this:"Sophia is a dependable and positive employee, but she has not shown any ambition in her work this year. She has not taken on any new challenges or shown a desire to improve her skills."The method is a strong evaluation method because it forces the evaluator to be concise and to the point. It is also easy to understand and can be used to evaluate different aspects of an employee's performance.
However, this method could be improved by providing more detailed feedback. For example, the evaluator could provide specific examples of where Sophia has missed deadlines and how this has affected the team's performance. The evaluator could also suggest ways that Sophia can improve her performance, such as attending training sessions or seeking out new challenges.
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a multinational firm may need to delegate marketing functions to national subsidiaries to
"A multinational firm may need to delegate marketing functions to national subsidiaries" is that multinational firms may delegate marketing functions to national subsidiaries due to cultural, legal, and other differences between markets.
Multinational companies may have to delegate their marketing operations to their national subsidiaries for a variety of reasons, including cultural, legal, and other differences between markets. This is done in order to tailor their marketing strategies to the particular demands of each market.
National subsidiaries have a better understanding of the local market and are better positioned to identify the needs and desires of local customers. It enables firms to better reach and understand their target markets, increase sales, and develop new products and services that better match the needs of their customers.
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If the change only happens in process, but not in what people are experiencing every day in their work life, the change will not stick. It is important to change the ways of working to match the aspiration, embed artifacts that serve to celebrate and recognize, and invite co-creation from a global workforce. We did some of these things well, although much still needs to be done. Discuss ways of how Coca Cola is indicative of a learning organisation through its innovative thrusts and leadership [25] Discuss Coca-Cola 's Refreshed Purpose and Talent Strategy as part of purposeful and vision leadership through journey of becoming a learning organisation.
Organizational change is a long process that requires continuous effort to succeed. However, if the change only happens in the process but not in what people are experiencing daily in their work-life, the change will not stick.
It is crucial to change the ways of working to match the aspiration, embed artifacts that serve to celebrate and recognize, and invite co-creation from a global workforce. Coca-Cola is an example of a learning organization through its innovative thrusts and leadership. The company is continuously changing to fit the current trends and tastes of its consumers.
Coca-Cola Refreshed Purpose is a significant way of becoming a learning organization. The company's Refreshed Purpose is to become a "Total Beverage Company" that offers a wide range of drinks, including healthier options. This strategy has enabled Coca-Cola to expand its product range to include low-calorie drinks, teas, and sports drinks, and move away from sugary drinks.
Coca-Cola has also implemented an effective Talent Strategy that has contributed to the company's success. The company's Talent Strategy focuses on fostering a culture of learning and innovation. This strategy is achieved through employee training programs, mentorship, and career development opportunities. Coca-Cola's Talent Strategy aims to provide employees with the tools they need to develop their skills and achieve their career goals.
In conclusion, Coca-Cola's Refreshed Purpose and Talent Strategy have helped the company become a learning organization. Coca-Cola has been successful in changing its ways of working to match the aspirations of its customers. The company's leadership has also fostered a culture of learning and innovation, which has resulted in the company's continued success. However, much still needs to be done, and Coca-Cola must continue to embrace change and innovation to remain a leader in the beverage industry.
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The overall growth of global trade had more than doubled since 2000. Why? What has been the most important factor prompting this growth. Is this rate of growth likely to continue in the future? Why or why not?
The overall growth of global trade has more than doubled since 2000 due to several factors. One of the most significant factors is globalization, which has led to increased interconnectedness and integration of economies worldwide.
Globalization has facilitated the expansion of international supply chains, improved transportation and communication networks, and reduced trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas.
Another important factor is technological advancements, particularly in transportation and communication. Innovations in shipping, logistics, and digital technologies have made it easier and more cost-effective for businesses to engage in international trade. This has opened up new markets and increased trade opportunities for countries around the world.
Additionally, the liberalization of trade policies and the formation of regional trade agreements, such as the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional free trade agreements like the European Union, NAFTA, and ASEAN, have played a significant role in promoting global trade. These agreements have reduced trade barriers and provided a more stable and predictable trade environment, encouraging countries to engage in cross-border commerce.
However, the rate of growth in global trade may not necessarily continue at the same pace in the future. Several factors can influence the future trajectory of global trade growth. These factors include:
Trade tensions and protectionism: The rise of protectionist measures, such as tariffs and trade disputes between major economies, can hinder the growth of global trade. Trade tensions between countries can create uncertainties, disrupt supply chains, and reduce trade flows.
Geopolitical factors: Political instability, conflicts, and geopolitical shifts can impact global trade. Disruptions in international relations, changes in trade policies, or the emergence of regional conflicts can have negative effects on trade growth.
Technological advancements and automation: While technology has been a driver of trade growth, it can also lead to changes in production processes and labor markets. Automation and artificial intelligence may reduce the need for labor-intensive manufacturing, potentially impacting trade patterns and employment.
Environmental concerns: Increasing awareness of environmental sustainability and climate change may lead to a shift in trade patterns and the adoption of greener practices. This could affect industries reliant on high-carbon emissions and reshape global supply chains.
Economic conditions: Economic growth rates, income disparities, and financial stability are significant determinants of trade. Economic downturns, recessions, or financial crises can slow down trade expansion.
Considering these factors, the rate of growth in global trade is likely to experience fluctuations in the future. While there may still be opportunities for trade expansion, various challenges and uncertainties may temper the growth rate. It will depend on the collective efforts of countries to promote open and inclusive trade policies, resolve trade disputes, and address emerging challenges such as sustainability and technological disruptions.
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A gain or loss on disposal of a plant asset is determined by comparing the replacement cost of the asset with the asset's original cost. Original cost of the assert with the proceeds received from its sale. Book value of the asst with the proceeds received from its sale. Book value of the asst with the asset's original cost.
A gain or loss on disposal of a plant asset is determined by comparing the original cost of the asset with the proceeds received from its sale.Plant assets refer to the assets that are of a permanent nature and are used for the production or sales of products and services.
These assets are used for a long time and are not likely to be sold easily. Examples of plant assets include equipment, buildings, machinery, and vehicles.An asset is something that is of value and can be owned by an individual or a business. In the case of a business, it refers to the value of the resources it possesses that are of value and can generate income. Assets are usually categorized into two types: current assets and fixed assets.What is the original cost of an asset.The original cost of an asset refers to the amount that was initially paid for the asset. This amount includes all the costs that were incurred in acquiring the asset, such as transportation and installation costs.What is book value.The book value of an asset refers to the value of the asset as it appears on the company's balance sheet. It is the asset's original cost minus any accumulated depreciation. The accumulated depreciation is the total amount of depreciation that has been charged against the asset over time.What is the gain or loss on disposal of a plant asset?The gain or loss on disposal of a plant asset is determined by comparing the original cost of the asset with the proceeds received from its sale. If the proceeds from the sale are greater than the original cost of the asset, a gain is recognized. Conversely, if the proceeds from the sale are less than the original cost of the asset, a loss is recognized.
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ELEKTO Sdn Bhd has a net profit of RM (10000) + 250,000 for the year 2020. The company net profit was increased by 20% for the year 2021. Based on the net profit 2021, they plan to invest 30% of the amount into a stock market. Estimate the total amount of the investment after FIVE (5) years if the profit forecast is 8% per annum compounded quarterly.
the estimated total amount of investment after five years, if the profit forecast is 8% per annum compounded quarterly, will be RM 317,873.5
The net profit of ELEKTO Sdn Bhd in the year 2020 was RM (10000) + 250,000. In the year 2021, the company's net profit increased by 20%. Thus, the net profit for the year 2021 was:
Net profit for the year 2021 = 250,000 + (20/100)*250,000= 250,000 + 50,000= RM 300,000ELEKTO
Sdn Bhd plans to invest 30% of the net profit amount in the stock market.
Thus, the investment amount for the year 2021 will be:
Investment amount = 30/100 * 300,000= RM 90,000
The profit forecast is 8% per annum compounded quarterly. The investment period is five years. Hence, the effective annual interest rate would be:
Effective annual interest rate (r) = 8%/4= 2% per quarter
The total number of quarters in five years = 5 * 4 = 20The formula to calculate the future value of an investment compounded quarterly can be given as: FV = PV (1 + r/100)^n where, FV = future value
PV = present value (investment amount)n = number of periods r = interest rate per period
For the given data, the future value of the investment after 5 years would be:
FV = 90,000(1 + 2/100)^20FV
= 90,000(1.02)^20FV
= 90,000(1.485946)^20FV
= 90,000(3.531939)FV
= 317,873.5
Therefore, the estimated total amount of investment after five years, if the profit forecast is 8% per annum compounded quarterly, will be RM 317,873.5.
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Use the following information to prepare a standard cost income statement for Johnson Company for 2018. (Use a minus sign or parentheses to enter any contra expenses. Enter all other amounts as positive numbers.) (Click the icon to view the information.) A Johnson Company Standard Cost Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 - Data Table X $ Cost of Goods Sold (at standard) Sales Revenue (at standard) Direct Materials Cost Variance Direct Materials Efficiency Variance Direct Labor Cost Variance Fixed Overhead Cost Variance $ 369,000 550,000 7,600 U 3,000 U 50,000 V 1,900 F Direct Labor Efficiency Variance Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance Fixed Overhead Volume Variance Selling and Administrative Expenses Variable Overhead Cost Variance 15,000 F 3,500 U 12,300 F 79,000 900 F Cost of Goods Sold at actual Cost of Goods Sold at standard Direct Labor Cost Variance Direct Labor Efficiency Variance Direct Materials Cost Variance Direct Materials Efficiency Variance Fixed Overhead Cost Variance Fixed Overhead Volume Variance Manufacturing Cost Variances: Sales Revenue Selling and Administrative Expenses Total Manufacturing Cost Variances Variable Overhead Cost Variance Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance Print Done fields and then click Check Answer. Clear All Check Answer
Total Variable Overhead Cost Variance: $900 F.
Sales Revenue: $550,000; Cost of Goods Sold: -$369,000; Direct Materials Cost Variance: -$7,600 U; Direct Materials Efficiency Variance: -$3,000 U; Direct Labor Cost Variance: -$50,000 V; Fixed Overhead Cost Variance: -$50,000 V; Total Manufacturing Cost Variances: $79,000 (sum of all manufacturing variances);
A Johnson Company Standard Cost Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2018:
Sales Revenue (at standard) $550,000
Cost of Goods Sold (at standard) -$369,000
Direct Materials Cost Variance -$7,600 U
Direct Materials Efficiency Variance -$3,000 U
Direct Labor Cost Variance -$50,000 V
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance $1,900 F
Variable Overhead Cost Variance $900 F
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance $3,500 U
Fixed Overhead Cost Variance $50,000 V
Fixed Overhead Volume Variance -$12,300 F
Selling and Administrative Expenses -$79,000
Total Manufacturing Cost Variances $79,000 (sum of all manufacturing variances)
Total Variable Overhead Cost Variance $900 F
Cost of Goods Sold at actual (To be provided)
Manufacturing Cost Variances $79,000 (sum of all manufacturing variances)
Total Sales Revenue $550,000
Total Selling and Administrative Expenses -$79,000
Please note that the actual Cost of Goods Sold and any other missing information were not provided, so they cannot be included in the statement.
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When a company receives customers' checks by mail: A. the treasurer prepares the journal entries. B. the mailroom sends all customers' checks to the treasurer, who has the cashier deposit the checks in the bank. C. the treasury department's cashier prepares the journal entries. D. the mailroom employee prepares the journal entries.
When a company receives customer's checks by mail, the mailroom sends all customers' checks to the treasurer who has the cashier deposit the checks in the bank. The treasurer is the person responsible for managing a company's finances.
Once the checks are deposited, the treasury department's cashier prepares the journal entries for the accounting department. the mailroom sends all customers' checks to the treasurer, who has the cashier deposit the checks in the bank. Depositing the customer's checks in a bank account is the first step towards tracking customer accounts' payable balance.
This journal entry creates a liability to the customer account, which is considered accounts payable.The treasurer is responsible for recording the transaction in the company's financial records to accurately track the company's accounts payable balance.
The journal entry includes the debit and credit sides of the account that reflect the deposit. the treasurer is responsible for preparing the company's financial statements, but they do not prepare the journal entries. Instead, the treasury department's cashier prepares the journal entries based on the transactions recorded by the treasurer.
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Ayrton's utility of wealth function is given by the following quadratic function.: U (w) = −0.5(w — 5)², for w ≤ 5. Ayrton has to invest his wealth w in two independent risky assets, 1 and 2. Asset 1 has an expected value of μ₁ = 2 and a variance o² = 1; Asset 2 has an expected value of μ₂ = 3 and a variance o2 = 3. Ayrton wants to maximize his expected utility. = a (6) What is Ayrton's expected utility if he invests only in Asset 1? What if he only invests in Asset 2? b (9) Which fraction a of his wealth should Ayrton optimally invest in Asset 1 (and which fraction 1 - a hence in Asset 2)? What is his expected utility in this case?
Ayrton's expected utility if he invests only in Asset 1Ayrton's expected utility if he invests only in Asset 1 is 0. The formula to calculate expected utility is: μ − 0.5σ² where μ is the expected value and σ² is the variance.So, if Ayrton invests only in Asset 1, his expected utility will be:μ = 2σ² = 1U(w) = μ − 0.5σ²= 2 − 0.5(1)= 1b).
Fraction a of his wealth should Ayrton optimally invest in Asset 1, and which fraction 1-a hence in Asset 2Let us consider that Ayrton invests a fraction, a, of his wealth in Asset 1, and a fraction (1 − a) in Asset 2.So, the expected return on the portfolio will be: μp = aμ1 + (1 − a)μ2The variance of the portfolio will be: σ²p = a²σ²1 + (1 − a)²σ²2The standard deviation of the portfolio will be: σp = √[a²σ²1 + (1 − a)²σ²2].
The utility function for the portfolio is given by U(w) = μp − 0.5σ²pSo, his expected utility function will be:U(w) = [aμ1 + (1 − a)μ2] − 0.5[a²σ²1 + (1 − a)²σ²2]The first derivative of this function with respect to a is:U'(a) = μ1 − μ2 + (aσ²1 − (1 − a)σ²2)= 2 − 3aBy setting U'(a) = 0, we can obtain the optimal value for a as:2 − 3a = 0a = 2/3Thus, Ayrton should invest 2/3 of his wealth in Asset 1 and 1/3 in Asset 2.Ayrton's expected utility in this case will be:U(w) = [2/3 * 2 + 1/3 * 3] − 0.5[2/3]² * 1 + [1/3]² * 3U(w) = 1.83
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Price and costs (dollars per unit) a 19 8 2 O 2 4 MR 6 MC 8 ATC D 10 12 The graph above describes a profit-maximizing monopolist. If the monopolist charges a price of $6, how many units will the monopolist sell? 06 0 0 02 4 O O 00
The graph shown describes a profit-maximizing monopolist. If this monopolist charges a price of $6, the monopolist will sell 4 units of the commodity. What is a Monopolist?
A monopolist is a person who operates in a market that is monopolized. It implies that the firm has control over the commodity supply that is in the market. A monopoly situation in an industry arises due to several factors. They are: Barriers to Entry: These may include capital costs, economies of scale, access to distribution networks, and governmental policies.
Proprietary knowledge: A monopolist can possess proprietary knowledge that other players in the market do not have. For example, this could be a new method of production, a patent, or unique ingredients. The firm in the question is a monopolist because it's a single supplier in the industry and can set the prices.
The monopolist seeks to maximize profits by choosing an output level and price level that will enable them to make the most money. This is called profit maximization. A monopolist achieves this goal by looking for the output level where the marginal cost (MC) equals the marginal revenue (MR). How to find the units sold at a specific price?
we can calculate the number of units that the firm will sell at the given price. The price level is represented on the Y-axis and the quantity supplied on the X-axis. ATC is the Average Total Cost curve, while MC represents the Marginal Cost curve. MR is the Marginal Revenue curve. The monopolist has to decide at what level of output it will sell its commodity. The firm wants to make as much profit as possible and, therefore, chooses the output level that will provide the greatest difference between MR and MC.
At a price of $6, the monopolist will sell 4 units of the commodity. Therefore, the correct option is 4.
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QUESTION 16 5 points Save Answer An equipment manufacturer currently produces 40,000 units a year. It buys a part for the equipment from a outside supplier at a price of $1.35 a unit. The company is t
It is not cost-effective for the equipment manufacturer to produce the part internally. The current price of purchasing the part from the supplier is lower than the total cost of producing it internally.
An equipment manufacturer currently produces 40,000 units a year. It buys a part for the equipment from an outside supplier at a price of $1.35 per unit.
The company is thinking about producing the part internally instead of purchasing it from the supplier. To make an informed decision, the manufacturer needs to evaluate the cost implications of producing the part internally.
To calculate the cost of producing the part internally, we need to consider the following costs:
Direct Material Cost: This includes the cost of raw materials required to produce one unit of the part. Let's assume this cost is $0.70 per unit.
Direct Labor Cost: This includes the cost of labor required to produce one unit of the part. Let's assume this cost is $0.50 per unit.
Overhead Cost: This includes additional costs associated with production, such as factory rent, utilities, and maintenance. Let's assume this cost is $0.20 per unit.
To calculate the total cost of producing the part internally, we sum up the direct material, direct labor, and overhead costs per unit:
Total Cost per Unit = Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor Cost + Overhead Cost
Total Cost per Unit = $0.70 + $0.50 + $0.20
Total Cost per Unit = $1.40
Since the current price of purchasing the part from the supplier is $1.35 per unit and the total cost of producing it internally is $1.40 per unit, it would be more expensive for the manufacturer to produce the part internally.
Based on the calculations, it is not cost-effective for the equipment manufacturer to produce the part internally. The current price of purchasing the part from the supplier is lower than the total cost of producing it internally.
Therefore, it is recommended for the manufacturer to continue buying the part from the outside supplier at $1.35 per unit.
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Price ceiling put in place for Groccery stores in Australia with reference to demands for products in supermarkets.
Question 4.2:
Given your answer in question 4.1 above, please explain how the price and quantities of the products in the market for your industry would change by reference to a fully labelled diagram.
Question 4.3:
Given your answer in question 4.2 above, please explain how the economic surplus in the market for your industry would change by reference to a fully labelled diagram.
A price ceiling is a government-imposed limit on the cost of a product or service. The Australian government has established price ceilings for a variety of basic products in order to make them more affordable to consumers
The economic surplus is reduced in the grocery market due to the imposition of a price ceiling. The reduction in economic surplus is represented by the shaded region in the graph below. Consumer surplus is represented by the area between the demand curve and the price ceiling, while producer surplus is represented by the area between the price ceiling and the supply curve.. Grocery stores, like all other retailers,
face a limited amount of goods at their disposal, and consumers, as a result, compete for these items by offering more money for them. When the price ceiling is in effect, [Insert the graph here with a price ceiling below the equilibrium and shaded region indicating the reduction in economic surplus]
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GE Marine System is planning to supply a Japanese shipbuilder with aero – derivative gas turbines to power 11 DD – class destroyers for the Japanese Self – Defense Force. This buyer can pay the total contract price of $1,700,000 now or an equivalent amount 1 year from now (when the turbines will be needed). At an interest rate of 18% per year, what is the equivalent future amount?
To determine the equivalent future amount of $1,700,000 one year from now, we need to calculate the future value of the contract price at an interest rate of 18% per year.
Using the future value formula:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
Where:
Present Value = $1,700,000
Interest Rate = 18% = 0.18
Time = 1 year
Plugging in the values, we have:
Future Value = $1,700,000 * (1 + 0.18)^1
Future Value = $1,700,000 * (1.18)
Future Value = $2,006,000
Therefore, the equivalent future amount of $1,700,000 one year from now, at an interest rate of 18% per year, is $2,006,000.
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Malcolm Baldrige national quality award is for (MBNQA) 1. International Standard Organization 2. Total Quality Management 3. Total Productive Maintenance 4. Total Quality Control Previous question
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) is for Total Quality Management (TQM). It is a US national award established by the US Congress in 1987. The award is named after Malcolm Baldrige Jr. who served as the US Secretary of Commerce from 1981 until his death in a rodeo accident in 1987.
MBNQA aims to recognize the US companies that have exceptional quality management programs. It aims to encourage these companies to improve their quality management processes and achieve operational excellence. The award is given to companies that have demonstrated significant improvements in their quality management systems over time. The award criteria include leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, measurement, analysis, and knowledge management, workforce focus, and process management.
The award has seven categories, namely manufacturing, service, small business, education, healthcare, non-profit, and government. The criteria for each category vary slightly to reflect the unique challenges and opportunities in each sector.
MBNQA is one of the most prestigious quality awards in the world, and winning it is a significant achievement for any company. MBNQA is not related to International Standard Organization (ISO), Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), or Total Quality Control (TQC). Although these initiatives share some common goals with Total Quality Management (TQM), they are distinct and independent initiatives.
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On January 1, Year 1, Mary Company (lessee) leased equipment, signing a five-year lease that requires annual lease payments of $20,000 at the end of each year, beginning on December 31, Year 1. The lease qualifies as a finance lease. In addition, Mary guarantees that the residual value will be $8,000 at the end of the lease term. The relevant interest rate is 12%.
The present value factors for five periods at 12% are as follows:
Present value of $1 0.567427
Present value of ordinary annuity of $1 3.604776
If the Mary Company uses the straight-line method of amortization for its assets, what is the amount of amortization expense for the leased equipment for the year ending December 31, Year 1?
A.$15,554.
B.$13,727.
C.$12,419.
D.$14,419.
The correct answer is option C: $12,419.
Explanation: To determine the annual payment for a lease, you have to use the following formula: Periodic payment = Present value of the annuity factor * lease payment In this case, the lease payment is $20,000 a year, the Present value of the annuity factor for 5 years at 12% is 3.604776.
Hence, the periodic payment = $20,000 * 3.604776 = $72,095.52. Now, to calculate the amount of amortization expense for the leased equipment for the year ending December 31, Year 1, we need to determine the interest portion and the principal portion of the periodic payment for the first year.
To do this, we will use the present value factor of $1 for one period at 12% which is 0.89384. Interest portion = Lease liability at the beginning of the year * interest rate Lease liability at the beginning of the year = Lease payment - Principal payment (for the first year) = $72,095.52 - ($72,095.52 - $8,000) / 5 = $14,419.10Principal payment (for the first year) = $72,095.52 - $14,419.10 = $57,676.42 Interest portion = $14,419.10 * 0.12 * 1 = $1,730.29Amortization expense = Principal portion + Interest portion = $57,676.42 + $1,730.29 = $12,419.71≈ $12,419
Therefore, the amount of amortization expense for the leased equipment for the year ending December 31, Year 1 is $12,419.
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What unique feature about state budgets is mentioned by Gates?
a. state money comes from investments, not tax dollars
b. states are supposed to have balanced budgets, but accounting tricks allow them to run deficits.
c. state revenues have decreased by 50 percent from 2005 to 2010.
d. states only budgetary responsibilities are to fund education
Based on my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, I do not have access to specific statements made by Bill Gates regarding state budgets.
Therefore, I cannot provide information about any unique features he may have mentioned. It's always best to refer to recent statements or publications by Bill Gates himself or reliable sources quoting his remarks for accurate and up-to-date information.
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Please show the steps to help me understand how you arrive at the answer. Thank you.
Bee's Corp. is considering a capital budgeting project that would require investing $80,000 in equipment with a 4 year useful life and zero salvage value. The project is substantially vital to the overall direction of the company, and it will be the company's first investment in a fictitious country. The country is politically, socially, and economically different from the US.
Data concerning that project appear below:
Annual incremental sales $ 170,000
Annual incremental cash operating expenses $ 120,000
One-time renovation expense in year 3 $ 20,000
The company uses straight-line depreciation on all equipment. Assume cash flows occur at the end of the year except for the initial investments. The company takes income taxes into account in its capital budgeting. The company's tax rate is 30% and the after-tax discount rate is 11%.
Required: Determine the net present value of the project.
Net Present Value (NPV) method is used in capital budgeting to find out the present value of the future cash flows of a project. The present value of future cash flows is compared with the initial investment of the project to determine whether the project should be accepted or not. The project will be accepted if the present value of future cash flows is more than the initial investment and rejected if less. Now we will solve the given question according to the following steps:
Step 1: Calculate incremental cash inflows
Incremental cash inflows for each year = Incremental sales - Incremental cash operating expenses
Therefore, Incremental cash inflows for year 1 = $170,000 - $120,000 = $50,000
Incremental cash inflows for year 2 = $170,000 - $120,000 = $50,000
Incremental cash inflows for year 3 = $170,000 - $120,000 - $20,000 = $30,000
Incremental cash inflows for year 4 = $170,000 - $120,000 = $50,000
Step 2: Calculate annual depreciation expense
Annual depreciation expense = Cost of equipment / Useful life of equipment
Therefore, Annual depreciation expense = $80,000 / 4 = $20,000
Step 3: Calculate the after-tax cash flows
After-tax cash flows = Incremental cash inflows + Depreciation expense * Tax rate
Therefore, After-tax cash flows for year 1 = $50,000 + ($20,000 * 0.3) = $56,000
After-tax cash flows for year 2 = $50,000 + ($20,000 * 0.3) = $56,000
After-tax cash flows for year 3 = $30,000 + ($20,000 * 0.3) = $36,000
After-tax cash flows for year 4 = $50,000 + ($20,000 * 0.3) = $56,000
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