During meiosis l, homologous chromosomes pair up together with each other. When the homologs are divided into daughter cells, the chromosomes are arranged arbitrarily into daughter cells. If alleles of various chromosomes, then they group independently.
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis is a sort of cell division in physically replicating life forms that diminishes the quantity of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). In people, body (or physical) cells are diploid, containing two arrangements of chromosomes (one from each parent). To keep up with this express, the egg and sperm that join during preparation should be haploid, with a solitary arrangement of chromosomes. During meiosis, every diploid cell goes through two rounds of division to yield four haploid little girl cells — the gametes.
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2.why does an individual with antibodies for a species of streptococcus bacteria not automatically have immunity to all bacterial infections?
Numerous proteins found in the Helicobacter pylori secretum interfere with innate immune reactions.
These substances can attach to and obstruct Fc recognition by skilled phagocytes, or they can target monoclonal antibodies and/or complementary components for destruction in order to evade the action of the complement.
The scientists discovered that Group A Schizophrenia (GAS) produces the S peptide, a previously unidentified protein that clings to the membrane of red blood cells to prevent being ingested and eliminated by phagocytic lymphocytes. Consequently, a person does not necessarily become immune to all bacterial infections just because they have antibodies for a kind of streptococcus bacteria.
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Upon release from the terminal cisternae, some calcium ions bind to ______ causing it to change shape.
Answer: troponin
Explanation: Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to a subunit of globular troponin, a component of thin filaments.
Provide an argument that supports either Shawna or Mason’s perspective in the following scenario.
Animal biologists Shawna and Mason are discussing cattle gestation. Shawna feels that the first trimester is the most crucial period of pregnancy, while Mason believes that the third trimester is the most critical.
An argument that supports Shawna’s perspective in the following scenario is that it constructs a calf's life basis throughout the first trimester as the baby's growth is particularly important throughout the first trimester in cattle gestation.
The physical structure and organ systems of your baby grow throughout the first semester. This time period sees the majority of miscarriages and birth abnormalities. The placenta develops and houses the fetus for the rest of the pregnancy, providing it protection until complete growth. The first trimester is a time of significant physical change for your body. So, Shawna is correct as she points the first trimester is the most crucial pregnancy period.
Cows must be in excellent health before calving since the third trimester is the last stage of calf development. The third trimester and a large increase in nutritional needs begin for many spring-calving herds in late fall or early winter. So, the third trimester is not at all critical as stated by Mason.
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atom can be broken down by chemical reaction
why active transport requires energy
input by the cell.
Answer:
Active transport requires energy because substance move from low concentration to a high concentration. (Going against the concentration gradient)
Example:
For example, in the root hair cell minerals and ions are absorbed into the plant by active transport and you will find a lot of mitochondria in the root hair cell. So, it can supply the cell energy by aerobic respiration to undertake active transport.
The process by which plants capture light energy and use it to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules is called.
The process by which plants capture light energy and use it to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules is called photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is defined as the process through which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar for energy.
It is defined as a mechanism by which phototrophs transform light energy into chemical energy, which is subsequently used to power cellular processes.
It can also be defined as a method used by plants and other living things to change light energy into chemical energy that can then be released through cellular respiration to power the organism's activities.
It is important because photosynthesis is the method used by plants to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen with the help of sunlight, it is crucial.
Thus, the process by which plants capture light energy and use it to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules is called photosynthesis.
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Describe the movement of abduction as it would occur at the hip and shoulder including what anatomical plane(s) the movement can take place on
Straight-arm lateral raises and lateral leg raises, which include the abduction of the shoulder and hip, respectively, are the best illustrations of frontal plane movements.
Abduction is the movement of the hands from the side of the body up to the shoulder or higher. Abduction causes the fingers and toes to extend out from the hand's or foot's centerline.
To perform a shoulder abduction, stand with your palm towards your body while holding a weight in each hand. Thumb pointing up, slowly raise your arm to the side. Then extend your arm as high over your head as you can without experiencing pain.
An illustration of a multiplanar/triaxial joint is the shoulder joint. The sagittal plane can be moved forward and backward, the frontal plane can be moved laterally, and the transverse plane can be rotated both internally and externally.
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Which term names the metamorphic change to a rock that results mainly from the heat energy of nearby magma?.
Answer:
Contact metamorphism.
in what way is the Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources limited?
The treaty on plant genetic resources is limited because it focuses on the work on loss of biodiversity and management of genetic resources and neglects other areas such as habitat loss and is therefore denoted as option D.
What is a Treaty?A treaty is referred to as a written agreement between two nations or parties which is binded by the international law. This has to be adhered to strictly to avoid punishments and other consequences.
The treaty on plant genetic resources is limited to work on loss of biodiversity and management of genetic resources and neglects loss of habitat which is a big factor in the availability of plant genetic resources.
This however makes the treaty less impactful and is therefore the reason why option D was chosen as the correct choice.
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The options are:
A. It neglects the loss of biodiversity
B. It excludes the use of seed banks
C. It excludes countries other than the United States.
D. It neglects the loss of habitat
Which of the following statemetns is true of a typical animal?
a. They have a definite structure.
b. They have an independent structure.
c. They lack cell wall.
d. They can have chloroplast.
Answer:
They have an independent structure
The statement that is true of a typical animal is they lack a cell wall. The correct option is c.
What is a cell wall?The cell wall, which is located next to the cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is the outer layer of a cell. As was already mentioned, all plant cells as well as those of fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea contain a cell wall.
All animals have multicellular cells, which make up an animal cell. Animal cells are distinguished primarily by the absence of a cell wall.
Animal cells lack elements like vacuole and chloroplast that are found in plant cells. Animal cells contain cell organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and nuclei, which house the animal's genetic material.
Therefore, the correct option is c. They lack a cell wall.
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Write down the names of the organelles / molecules are involved in some way in building proteins.
Ribosomes are involved in some way in building proteins.They consist of two subunits and are found either lodged in the endoplasmic reticulum or floating freely in the cytoplasm of the cell.
The cell's protein producers are called ribosomes. The ribosome, which translates the genetic code generated in mRNA into an amino acid sequence, is universally responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosome structure and basic elements. About two times as big as the tiny subunit is the large subunit. Decoding the message and creating peptide bonds are the two main jobs of ribosomes. The ribosomal subunits are two big, unequal-sized ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that carry out these two functions. There are many ribosomal proteins and one or more ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in each subunit (r-proteins).
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Which of the following are correct statements regarding blood cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells?
a. Red blood cells and platelets are produced in the bone marrow, but white blood cells are produced in the thymus.
b. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are all produced in the bone marrow.
c. Leukocytes is another name for red blood cells.
d. Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood.
e. Erythropoeitin stimulates the production of red blood cells.
Red blood cells and the endothelial cells that line blood vessels do not interact, hence option b is correct. This is how vascular endothelial cells interact with one another.
The most prevalent form of cell in blood are red blood cells, commonly known as endothelial cells. White blood cells, platelets, and plasma are further important blood constituents.
the kind of endothelial cells that coats lymphatic and red blood cells ; these cells are typically squamous (flattened) and form sheets that are one layer thick. Embryonic mesenchyme cells give rise to endothelial cells. The term "endothelium" refers to a layer of endothelial cells.
Abstract The inner cellular lining of arteries, veins, and capillaries is made up of a monolayer of endothelial cells (EC), which puts the vascular endothelium in direct contact with the cells and components.
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Which idea is most directly related to Lamarck’s beliefs about evolution?
A frog’s legs grow during life to help it jump farther, and it passes on the longer legs to its offspring.
Humans and primates are classified in the same genus because they have similar traits.
If a population is left to reproduce without limiting factors, it will outgrow its food supply.
In one area, brown moths are better adapted to the environment than white moths, so they survive and reproduce.
Answer:
A frog’s legs grow during life to help it jump farther, and it passes on the longer legs to its offspring.
Explanation:
Lamarck believed that accumulation of small changes through successive generations promote the developement of new organs or characters which are transmitted to the offspring in the next generation (such as elongation of frog's leg). This is called inherirance of acquired characters.
please help with this go understand!! can you answer the blanks also the ones that are filled too (they are probably wrong!)
The represented table is about the muscles, the proper working of the muscles, their structure as well as the types of the muscles.
What is muscle?Muscles has been defined as an action potential travels along the nerves to the muscle. The beginning of the muscle contraction occurs with the signal generated from the nervous system.
There are mainly two types of muscle contraction and the situation has been occur when the muscle has been contracted and a change in the size takes place. Isotonic concentric contraction has the type of muscle contraction in which muscle has been shortening takes place.
Therefore, The represented table is about the muscles, the proper working of the muscles, their structure as well as the types of the muscles.
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Which of these is not a lipid? options- A. Fats B. Oils C. Proteins D. Waxes..
Answer:
C. Proteins
Explanation:
Fats oil and and waxes are lipids
Proteins are made up of amino acids. The correct answer is option C.
What are bio molecules ?Bio molecules are the biological molecules that are comprised of molecules which are chemical in nature where the biological function is performed by these molecules. The basic constituents of these molecules are C,H and O.
Proteins are formed by amino acids which has one amine group along with carboxylic acid. This is why amino acid has the dual nature of both acid as well as a base and the amino acids are the major constituents of proteins.
Proteins basically are peptide molecules in which there is chain of amino acids in which they form a functional molecule. There are 20 amino acids that are called as essential amino acids.
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The image below represents an organism that a student observed while examining a sample of pond water with a light microscope. The student identified this organism as a prokaryote. Is the student's identification of the organism accurate, why or why not?
*
Captionless Image
The student identified this organism as a prokaryote the Trichodina has a nucleus.
You can find simple life forms like bacteria big oxygen producers like algae extraterrestrial protozoa of all kinds, and cute microscopic animals like petrels. A light microscope can magnify water droplets in a pond 100 times. It shows an active community of protozoa.
Nostoc and Anabaena are some of the most common bacteria found in pond water. As cyanobacteria, they are also responsible for the greenish color of pond water. Using an optical microscope we can observe living organisms and their movements. For example, you can observe microbes living in pond water droplets. Another type of microscope is the electron microscope.
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If the population of a species is greater than its carrying capacity for a long time, what can that do to available resources in its ecosystem?
Answer: This can decrease our resources
Explanation: Since there are more people in the population that's going to take up more resources for more houses food and buildings.
What do you think would have the greatest effect on the body—a harmful mutation in a pluripotent embryonic stem cell, or a harmful mutation in an adult multipotent stem cell
A pluripotent embryonic stem cell's detrimental mutation has the most impact on the body.
embryonic stem cells with pluripotency:
within an embryo
is charge of organ development.
An unhealthy mutation will lead to an organ development problem.
The infant can pass away.
Adult stem cells with pluripotency:
found in adults
responsible for less cell growth.
Defects brought on by deleterious mutation may be fixed.
As a result, we may infer that a pluripotent embryonic stem cell's detrimental mutation has the largest impact on the body.
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What are the three types of fossiles and what made them form different
Three different types of fossils are impression fossils, trace fossils, and replacement fossils.
Impression fossils form when a leaf, shell, skin, or foot. leaves an imprint in soft earth. When the imprint hardens, it forms a fossil in the shape of the original.
Trace fossils They tells about geological records of the activities and behaviors of past life. These fossils are different from body fossils that preserve the actual remains of a body such as shells or bones.
Replacement occurs when the original shell or bone dissolves and then gets replaced by a different mineral . Mostly leave and ferns and dark imprint of fossils .
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Which statement describes how the above labeled organelles interact within a cell?
A.
#1 releases energy for protein production and #5 produces the proteins.
B.
#2 releases energy for protein production and #3 allows proteins to enter and exit the cell.
C.
#4 provides instructions for making proteins and #2 site of protein synthesis.
D.
#5 packages and sorts proteins and #3 allows proteins to enter and exit the cell.
The statement that describes how the above labeled organelles interact within a cell are option C. #4 provides instructions for making proteins and #2 site of protein synthesis.
How do organelles communicate among themselves in a cell?Through MCSs, a lot of organelles are in close contact with one another. The most common theory is that these contact sites form as a result of membrane proteins acting as points on the contacting organelles.
Note that Organelles communicate with one another and MCSs are locations where two or more organelles are very close to one another and pass metabolites, and proteins in a lot of ways.
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archaebacteria and eubacteria produce different types of membrane lipids. how does the archaeal lipid shown here differn from phosphatidylclycerol?
The archaeal lipid showed here different from phosphatidylglycerol as stable ether bonds join the chains to the glycerol backbone at the SN-2 and SN-3 positions. L-glycerol-3 phosphate serves as phosphatidylglycerol's structural base.
Ester bonds hold the fatty acyl tails of phosphatidylglycerol to the glycerol backbone. Bacteria and Eukarya synthesize membrane lipids with hydrophobic fatty acid tails that are ester-bound to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), whereas Archaea create membrane lipids with hydrophobic isoprenoid lipid tails that are ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P) with the opposite chirality.
While bacteria and eubacteria create membranes made of fatty acids ester-bound to glycerol-3-phosphate, archaea manufacture isoprenoid lipids that are ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P) instead (G3P). The lipid makeup of bacterial and archaeal cell membranes and the properties of their cell walls are different from one another.
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A sequence is defined recursively using the formula . If the first term of the sequence is 120, what is f(5)?
DNA nucleotides come in four different varieties since there are four naturally occurring nitrogenous bases : adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) = −15
A single, continuous molecule of nucleic acid or protein makes up a biological sequence.
What is Sequence ?The basic structure of a biological macromolecule, also known as the sequence, is the covalently connected, one-dimensional ordering of monomers inside a biopolymer. The phrase "sequence" can apply to a variety of substances, although it is most frequently used to describe a DNA sequence.
It can be compared to a class hierarchy with multiple inheritance. The underlying molecule type, such as DNA, RNA, or protein, is one hierarchy.
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Standard NCES.7.L.1.2-Which of the following allows materials to enter and leave a cell?
Group of answer choices
cell wall
mitochondrion
vacuole
cell membrane
Answer:
Cell membrane
Explanation:
The cell membrane is the outer lining of the cell which allows materials to enter and leave the cell.
which of the following is a good reason to use simulation an experiment
A good reason to use simulation in an experiment is that it can replicate any type of environment required for the analysis of an experiment.
When it comes to engrossing learners and imparting knowledge of how to carry out activities, procedures, or processes, simulation training is incredibly effective. Performing an experiment requires vital conditions of environment that can be replicated by simulation.
Through simulation, students can practice risky situations that would otherwise be impossible to replicate in the actual world. It proves to be cost-effective.
Simulation offers a technique to duplicate any environment, device, machine, or task, from heavy machinery to healthcare. In comparison to conventional training methods, simulation aids in learning and memory.
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Why is the collection of evidence necessary for plate tectonic theory?I chose C which was incorrect and would like to know what the right answer is.
A theory should be supported by evidence because it is an explanation of existing patterns of phenomena that are accepted by many scientists. It will remain a theory instead of becoming a fact when there are evidences that do not support the idea of the theory.
So the answer to this question may be B.
if a deer herd has a population of 1,000, a carrying capacity of 2,000, and an intrinsic rate of growth of 10% (0.1), what is true of this deer population?
Breaths > Deaths is the population's genuine ratio.
Which population do you refer to?The total population or people of a nation or region. b: the entire number of people occupying a space or constituting a whole. c: the overall number of particle at a specific level of energy, particularly when referring to particles in a laser.
What is density and an illustration of it?A collection of creatures of the same species that coexist and breed in the same location at the same (e.g., human population, the population of apple trees, total population of deer in a forest). It is a percentage of a species' total population that lives in a particular area of the world.
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all systems in the body are affected by bed rest or immobility. for the immune system, research has demonstrated that interleukin (il)-1, il-6, and tumor necrosis factor–alpha are increased during immobility or bed rest. what are these mediators associated with?
Findings suggest that IL-1 and TNF-alpha play an essential role in the acute stage of brain abscess development by regulating the subsequent anti-bacterial inflammatory response and they are increased during
What exactly are TNF and IL-6?
TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 are two cytokines that are important in the regulation of B-cell function (IL-6). They play different roles in B-cell differentiation and can be produced by B cells themselves when stimulated appropriately.
TNF and IL-1 are cytokines that are required for activating the innate immune response, mediating the recruitment, activation, and adherence of circulating phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils), and terminating the innate immune response, respectively.
Therefore, IL-6 can promote the differentiation or proliferation of various non-immune cells.
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the main contributors to protein intake in the us is/are:
The main contributors to protein intake in the us is/are: meats and dairy.
Complete proteins, or those that include all of the essential amino acids our bodies require, are found in animal proteins like meat, eggs, and milk. The best sources of protein are those found in animal products.
Dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt are not only great sources of protein, but they are also rich in essential minerals like calcium and vitamin D. The two main proteins in milk are casein and whey protein. In bovine milk, casein makes up around 80% (29.5 g/L) of the total protein, while whey protein makes up about 20% (6.3 g/L).
Therefore, the main contributors to protein intake in the us is/are: meats and dairy.
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What is a characteristic of quasi-experimental/causal-comparative research? *A. assignment to groups based on some pre-determined characteristicB. does not establish cause and effect relationshipsC. has the highest degree of control over the factors being examinedD. assignment to groups is random in nature
EXPLANATION: A quasi-experimental research is not true experimental research because instead of assigning participants randomly in either the control group or treatment group, it is pre-determined. The control and treatment groups also have different conditions and variables being tested that the researchers themselves do not have control over. This type of experiment is often conducted in research in educational settings.
ANSWER: A. assignment to groups based on some pre-determined characteristic
Put the steps of Cellular Respiration in order.
1. Two molecules of pyruvate move into the mitochondria where they are converted into Acetyl CoA. More NADH is produced and CO2 is released.
2. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose to form two molecules of pyruvate. 2 ATP are produced and NADH is saved for later.
3. In the Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle the carbons that are left from the initial glucose are oxidized releasing more CO2. NADH and FADH2 and 2 ATP molecules are produced.
4. Energy is used to produce about 34 ATP. Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor that combines with oxygen to produce water.
5. In the electron transport chain, the NADH and FADH2 give up electrons, energy is released and captured as it moves from a high concentration to
low concentration.
Steps in Cellular Respiration are as follows 2-1-3-5-4
Cellular respiratory is the process by way of which organic fuels are oxidized within the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor inclusive of oxygen to supply huge amounts of electricity, to drive the majority production of ATP.
It's far a chemical system wherein oxygen is used to make electricity from carbohydrates and sugars. also referred to as aerobic metabolism, aerobic respiration, and unicellular respiration works either inside the presence or absence of oxygen. however, basically, the method is called cell respiration because the cellular appears to “respire” in a manner that it takes in molecular oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as a cease product.
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