Given that the amount of one of a company's variable expenses in its flexible budget is $40,000, the actual amount of the expense is $42,000 and the amount in the company's planning budget is $41,800. The activity variance for this expense is $1,800 F.
We are to calculate the activity variance for this expense. The formula for calculating the activity variance for a variable expense is:-
Activity variance = Actual cost - (Flexible budget)Where Flexible budget is the budgeted cost for the actual level of activity achieved.Actual cost = $42,000 Flexible budget = $40,000 Activity variance for this expense = Actual cost - Flexible budget= $42,000 - $40,000= $2,000
Since actual cost is greater than the flexible budget, the activity variance is unfavorable. Therefore, the correct option is: $1,800 F.
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An additional Supplemental Case can be found on MyManagementLab. Jack Hopson has been making wood furniture for more than 10 years. He recently joined Metropolitan Furniture and has some ideas for Sally Boston, the company's CEO. Jack likes working for Sally because she is very open to employee suggestions and is serious about making the company a success. Metropolitan is currently paying Jack a competitive hourly pay rate for him to build various designs of tables and chairs. However, Jack thinks that an incentive pay plan might convince him and his coworkers to put forth more effort. At Jack's previous employer, a competing furniture maker, Jack was paid on a piece-rate pay plan. The company paid Jack a designated payment for every chair or table that he completed. Jack felt this plan provided him an incentive to work harder to build the furniture pieces. Sally likes Jack's idea; however, Sally is concerned about how such a plan would affect the employees' need to work together as a team. While the workers at Metropolitan build most furniture pieces individually, they often need to pitch in and work as a team. Each worker receives individual assignments, but as a delivery date approaches for a preordered fumiture set due to a customer, the workers must help each other complete certain pieces of the set to ensure on-time delivery. A reputation for on-time delivery differentiates Metropolitan from its competitors. Several companies that compete against Metropolitan have a reputation of late deliveries, which gives Metropolitan a competitive edge. Because their promise of on-time delivery is such a high priority, Sally is concerned that a piece-rate pay plan may prevent employees from working together to complete furniture sets. Sally agrees with Jack that an incentive pay plan would help boost productivity, but she thinks that a teambased incentive pay plan may be a better approach. She has considered offering a team-based plan that provides a bonus payment when each set of furniture is completed in time for scheduled delivery. However, after hearing from Jack about the success of the piece-rate pay plan at his previous employer, she is unsure of which path to take. Questions: 4-6. What are some advantages of offering a piece-rate pay plan to the furniture builders at Metropolitan Furniture? 4-7. What are some advantages of offering a team-based incentive pay plan? 4-8. Which factors should Sally consider when designing an incentive pay plan? How would they influence the effectiveness of the plan?
Product pay plan: Personal productivity, autonomy, and efficiency. Group incentive plan: Cooperation, coordination, and on-time delivery. Factors:Priority delivery, interdependence, balance, communication, fairness, and evaluation.
Offering a product-based pay plan at Metropolitan Furniture can encourage individual workers to increase productivity, reward efficiency, and promote a sense of empowerment. On the other hand, a team-based incentive compensation plan promotes collaboration, coordination and timely delivery of furniture sets, thereby enhancing the company's reputation.
When designing an incentive plan, Sally must consider delivery priorities, worker interdependencies, and the balance between individual and team performance. Clear, fair communication in determining premiums and regular reviews are critical to a plan's effectiveness. It is essential to find a balance between individual motivation and teamwork.
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Question 1: Suppose that you buy a two-year 8.6% bond at its face value.
a-1. What will be your total nominal return over the two years if inflation is 3.6% in the first year and 5.6% in the second? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
a-2. What will be your total real return? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
b. Now suppose that the bond is a TIPS. What will be your total 2-year real and nominal returns? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
Question2:
A government bond matures in 4 years, makes annual coupon payments of 5.9% and offers a yield of 3.9% annually compounded. Assume face value is $1,000. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
a. Suppose that one year later the bond still yields 3.9%. What return has the bondholder earned over the 12-month period?
b. Now suppose that the bond yields 2.9% at the end of the year. What return did the bondholder earn in this case?
The total nominal return for the 8.6% bond is 19.60%, with a real return of 14.64%. For the TIPS bond, the real return remains the same at 14.64%, while the nominal return depends on the inflation rate.
In the case of the 5.9% government bond, the bondholder earns a 3.90% return if the yield remains at 3.9% and a -1.19% return if the yield drops to 2.9%.
Question 1:
a-1. The total nominal return over the two years would be 19.60%.
a-2. The total real return would be 14.64%.
b. If the bond is a TIPS, the total 2-year real return would be 14.64%, and the nominal return would depend on the changes in the inflation rate.
Question 2:
a. If one year later the bond still yields 3.9%, the bondholder would have earned a return of 3.90% over the 12-month period.
b. If the bond yields 2.9% at the end of the year, the bondholder would have earned a return of -1.19% in this case.
The total nominal return for the 8.6% bond is 19.60%, which indicates the overall percentage increase in value including both interest payments and any capital gains or losses. The real return of 14.64% represents the inflation-adjusted return, considering the impact of inflation on purchasing power.
For the TIPS bond, the real return remains constant at 14.64%, as it is designed to provide a fixed real return regardless of changes in inflation. The nominal return of the TIPS bond would vary based on the prevailing inflation rate during the holding period.
In the case of the 5.9% government bond, the bondholder earns a return of 3.90% if the yield remains at 3.9%, meaning that the bond's interest payments equal the yield. However, if the yield drops to 2.9%, the bondholder would experience a negative return of -1.19%, indicating a loss in value due to the lower yield. The bond's return is inversely related to changes in its yield.
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Twain Company has leased an asset to Benton Company. The five payments of \( \$ 1,000 \) have a present value of \( \$ 4,466 \). Twain has paid Stader to guarantee the residual value of \( \$ 800 \),
Twain Company has entered into a lease agreement with Benton Company, with lease payments having a present value of $4,466. Moreover, to secure the residual value of $800, Twain Company has taken a guarantee from Stader.
Lease agreements often include an estimate of the residual or salvage value, which is the expected value of the leased asset at the end of the lease term. This value can be guaranteed by either the lessee or a third party, ensuring that the lessor (Twain Company in this case) is not left with a worthless asset at the end of the lease. Here, Stader is the third party providing the guarantee. As for the present value of $4,466 for the lease payments, it represents the worth of the lease payments in today's dollars, considering the time value of money.
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1. Find a professional organization to join in your desired career field. List and describe it. 2. Provide details about joining that organization (things like membership costs, how long membership lasts, important conferences or meetings affiliated with that organization and when/where they occur).
One professional organization to consider joining in the healthcare administration field is the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE). It is a widely recognized organization that offers valuable resources, networking opportunities, and educational support for healthcare administrators.
The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) is a leading professional organization for healthcare administrators and executives. It serves as a platform for networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development in the field of healthcare administration. ACHE provides its members with access to a wide range of resources, including publications, research studies, webinars, and online communities, which facilitate continuous learning and stay updated with the latest industry trends.
Membership in ACHE involves an annual fee, which varies depending on the membership category. As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the costs ranged from $150 to $325 per year. Membership typically lasts for one year from the date of joining and can be renewed annually. ACHE organizes important conferences and meetings, such as the Congress on Healthcare Leadership, which brings together healthcare leaders from around the world to exchange ideas, participate in educational sessions, and engage in networking opportunities. These conferences usually take place at different locations in the United States at various times throughout the year.
Joining the American College of Healthcare Executives can be highly beneficial for healthcare administrators, providing access to a vast network of professionals, resources, and educational opportunities. It offers a platform to enhance knowledge, build connections, and stay informed about industry advancements, ultimately contributing to professional growth and success in the healthcare administration field. Please note that it is advisable to refer to the ACHE's official website or contact the organization directly for the most up-to-date information on membership costs, duration, and event details.
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what is a key element to mapping out an organizational structure?
A key element to mapping out an organizational structure is identifying and defining the hierarchy and relationships between different roles and positions within the organization.
This involves determining the reporting lines, decision-making authority, and communication channels within the structure.
Mapping out an organizational structure requires a clear understanding of the organization's goals, functions, and workflows. It involves identifying the different departments, teams, and positions within the organization and determining how they interact with each other. This includes defining the roles and responsibilities of each position, establishing reporting relationships, and determining the levels of authority and decision-making power within the structure.
Other important elements to consider when mapping out an organizational structure include the allocation of resources, the coordination of activities, and the alignment of the structure with the organization's strategy and goals. It's also essential to consider factors such as the organization's size, complexity, and desired level of flexibility and adaptability.
Overall, mapping out an organizational structure involves creating a visual representation or diagram that outlines the relationships, roles, and responsibilities within the organization. This helps provide clarity, promote effective communication, and ensure that the organization operates efficiently and effectively towards its objectives.
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The FCC has the power to regulate all of the following communications EXCEPT:
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has the power to regulate various forms of communication in the United States except political speech.
Political Speech: The FCC does not have the authority to regulate political speech, including campaign advertisements and political debates. Political speech is protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which limits the government's ability to restrict or regulate free expression in the context of political discourse.
While the FCC regulates many aspects of communication, including broadcasting, telecommunications, radio frequencies, and certain content standards, it is not involved in regulating the content of political speech or the political messaging conveyed through various communication channels.
It's important to note that the FCC's regulatory authority is subject to specific laws and regulations, and its jurisdiction may evolve over time as new technologies and communication methods emerge, or as legislation and court rulings shape its scope of authority.
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Which one of the following statements is true of a bond's yield to maturity? The yield to maturity of a bond is the discount rate that makes the present value of the coupon and principal payments equal to the price of the bond. The yield to maturity of a bond is the same as the coupon rate assuming the bond price is below par value. A bond's yield to maturity is the same as the bond's realized yield if the bond is held to maturity. If the yield to maturity is less than the coupon rate, the bond will sell above par value. Which of the following statements is true? All other things being equal, short-term bonds are riskier than long-term bonds. Long-term bonds have lower price volatility than short-term bonds of similar risk. Interest rate risk decreases as maturity increases. As interest rates decline, the prices of bonds rise and as interest rates rise, the prices of bonds decline.
The statement that is true regarding a bond's yield to maturity is: "The yield to maturity of a bond is the discount rate that makes the present value of the coupon and principal payments equal to the price of the bond."
The yield to maturity (YTM) represents the total return an investor can expect to earn by holding the bond until maturity. It takes into account the bond's price, coupon payments, and time to maturity. The YTM is the discount rate that, when applied to the bond's future cash flows (coupon payments and principal repayment), equates their present value to the current market price of the bond.
The other statements are not accurate:
- The yield to maturity is not necessarily the same as the coupon rate, as it considers the bond's price and time to maturity.
- The bond's yield to maturity is not the same as the bond's realized yield if the bond is held to maturity, as the realized yield may be influenced by factors such as reinvestment of coupon payments.
- Whether a bond sells above or below par value depends on the relationship between the coupon rate and the yield to maturity, not solely on the comparison between the two.
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"In alphabetical order below are current asset items for Roland Compary's balance sheet at December 31,2020 . Prepare the current assets section. (List Current Assets in order of liquidity.)
ROLAND CO"
The current assets section of Roland Company's balance sheet, as of December 31, 2020, listed in order of liquidity:
1. Cash and cash equivalents
2. Short-term investments3. Accounts receivable
4. Inventory5. Prepaid expenses
The current assets section represents assets that are expected to be converted into cash or used up within one year. To prepare this section in order of liquidity, we arrange the items based on how quickly they can be converted into cash.
1. Cash and cash equivalents: This includes physical cash and highly liquid assets like bank deposits and short-term investments that can be easily converted into cash.
2. Short-term investments: These are investments with maturities of less than one year, such as marketable securities or certificates of deposit.3. Accounts receivable: Amounts owed to the company by customers for goods or services sold on credit. They represent a claim to cash and are usually collected within a short period.
4. Inventory: Goods held for sale or raw materials used in production. While not as liquid as cash or receivables, inventory can be converted into cash through sales.5. Prepaid expenses: Payments made in advance for expenses like rent, insurance, or supplies, which will be consumed within the next year.
By presenting the current assets section in order of liquidity, it provides useful information about the company's ability to meet short-term obligations and manage its working capital efficiently.
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Read the following scenarios carefully. Consider where delivery takes place in each given situation and who is responsible according to the incoterm rules.
1.A Canadian exporter of farm equipment in Regina, Saskachewan, Canada has agreed to sell a large piece of machinery to a buyer in Idaho, USA referencing DDP Boise, Idaho, USA Incoterms® 2020 in their contract of sale. The Canadian seller hired a specialist trucking company to deliver the oversized tractor on a flatbed trailer.
i.The shipment gets held up at the US border for 2 days because some import documents are missing. As a result, the transport firm bills the seller for extra days for additional travel time. According to the Incoterms® rules, can the seller pass these costs to the buyer since they are associated with import documentation? Explain. (3 points)
ii.The truck finally passed through customs and arrived at the buyer’s site. The truck driver asked the buyer to maneuver the tractor down the ramps on the trailer, but the buyer declined and suggested it would be better for the specialist driver to drive the machine down the ramps to get it off the flatbed. The truck driver agreed but the tractor was not aligned properly, and as it was being offloaded, it tipped over causing extensive damage to the large machine. Are the losses associated with the damage to the machine the seller’s or the buyer’s responsibility? Explain.
According to DDP incoterms, the Canadian exporter of farm equipment is responsible for the costs associated with import documentation. Therefore, the seller will have to bear the costs for extra days for additional travel time.
What does it entail?The Canadian exporter of farm equipment must cover the costs of customs clearance in the country of import, as well as any import duties, taxes, or other charges.
They are also responsible for all the risks and costs associated with the transportation of the goods until the destination point.
Therefore, in this situation, the seller cannot pass these costs to the buyer since they are associated with import documentation.
ii. According to DDP incoterms, the Canadian exporter of farm equipment is responsible for the risks and costs of transportation until the goods are delivered to the destination point.
Therefore, in this situation, the losses associated with the damage to the machine are the seller’s responsibility. The Canadian exporter of farm equipment is liable for any damage that occurs during the transportation process, including loading and unloading.
In this scenario, the truck driver agreed to let the specialist driver drive the machine down the ramps. However, the tractor was not aligned properly, and it tipped over, causing extensive damage to the large machine.
Therefore, the Canadian exporter of farm equipment is responsible for the losses associated with the damage to the machine.
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1. Consider a company with earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of $429,000, tax rate of 17%, depreciation and amortization expenses of $57,000, capital expenditures of $83,000, acquisition expenses of $27,000 and change in working capital of $41,000. How much is its free cash flow during that period? Round to the nearest cent.
2. As of October 5th 2022, Apple's equity value (market capitalization) was approximately $2,316 billion. Apple has $109 billion in long-term debt and $63 billion in cash and cash equivalents. What was Apple's enterprise value? Answer in billion dollars, rounded to a whole number (e.g., $1,528.43 billion = 1528).
1. The company's free cash flow during that period is approximately $136,770.00. 2. Apple's enterprise value was approximately $2,362 billion.
1. To calculate the free cash flow, we need to subtract the capital expenditures, acquisition expenses, change in working capital, and taxes from the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). The formula for free cash flow is:
Free Cash Flow = EBIT - Taxes - Depreciation/Amortization - Capital Expenditures - Acquisition Expenses - Change in Working Capital
Given:
EBIT = $429,000Tax Rate = 17%Depreciation/Amortization = $57,000Capital Expenditures = $83,000Acquisition Expenses = $27,000Change in Working Capital = $41,000Calculating Free Cash Flow:
Free Cash Flow = $429,000 - (0.17 * $429,000) - $57,000 - $83,000 - $27,000 - $41,000
Free Cash Flow ≈ $136,770.00
Therefore, the company's free cash flow during that period is approximately $136,770.00.
2. Enterprise Value (EV) can be calculated by adding the market capitalization (equity value) to the long-term debt and subtracting the cash and cash equivalents. The formula for enterprise value is:
Enterprise Value = Equity Value + Long-term Debt - Cash and Cash Equivalents
Given:
Equity Value (Market Capitalization) = $2,316 billionLong-term Debt = $109 billionCash and Cash Equivalents = $63 billionCalculating Enterprise Value:
Enterprise Value = $2,316 billion + $109 billion - $63 billion
Enterprise Value ≈ $2,362 billion
Therefore, Apple's enterprise value was approximately $2,362 billion.
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A business financial performance is recorded and reported separately from the owner's personal financial matters. It relates to concept A. Historical Cost Concept B. Economic Entity Concept C. Going Concern Concept D. Money Measurement Concept
The financial performance of a business is recorded and reported separately from the owner's personal financial matters. This refers to the economic entity concept. The economic entity concept is an accounting principle that assumes that a business is a separate entity from its owners.
Accounting is a discipline that is concerned with the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations. In this context, the economic entity concept is an accounting principle that assumes that a business is a separate entity from its owners.This principle states that the financial performance of a business should be recorded and reported separately from the owner's personal financial matters. As such, business transactions must be recorded in separate financial statements that are distinct from the owner's personal financial statements.The economic entity concept is important because it ensures that the financial performance of a business is presented in a way that is unbiased and free from any influence from the owner's personal financial matters. This helps to improve the transparency of financial reporting, which is essential for making informed decisions about a business.
The economic entity concept is an important accounting principle that ensures that the financial performance of a business is recorded and reported separately from the owner's personal financial matters. By doing so, it helps to improve the transparency and reliability of financial reporting, which is essential for making informed decisions about a business.
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Create an Amortization schedule-see amortization video 1. How much student debt will I bear by the time I graduate? What will my student loan payments be? 2. My undergraduate student debt is $25,000. I have secured a 4% annual rate for a 25 year loan, identify the monthly payment. 3. What is the total amount of interest paid on this loan? 4. In total (interest plus principle) how much did you pay for this $25,000 loan?
Amortization schedule provides a detailed breakdown of principal and interest payments over the loan term, allowing you to track the progress of your loan repayment and obtain accurate figures for each payment.
Create an amortization schedule for the $25,000 student loan with a 4% annual interest rate and a 25-year repayment period.
How much student debt will I bear by the time I graduate?
You will be able to track the remaining balance at any given point during the repayment period.
Monthly Payment Calculation:
Using an amortization calculator or spreadsheet, the monthly payment for a $25,000 loan with a 4% annual interest rate and a 25-year term can be calculated to be approximately $133.76.
Total Amount of Interest Paid:
The total amount of interest paid on the loan can be determined by subtracting the original loan amount from the total amount repaid. In this case, the total amount repaid can be calculated by multiplying the monthly payment by the number of months in the loan term (25 years x 12 months/year = 300 months). The total interest paid can be calculated by subtracting the original loan amount ($25,000) from the total amount repaid.
Total Payment Calculation:
The total payment for the loan includes both the principal amount borrowed and the total interest paid. It can be calculated by summing up the original loan amount ($25,000) and the total interest paid.
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When is an IPO good for a company? Why did AirBnb recently utilize an IPO? Was that a wise strategic move? Why?
An Initial Public Offering (IPO) can be beneficial for a company when it seeks to raise capital, increase its public profile, provide liquidity to existing shareholders, and create a market for its shares. AirBnb recently utilized an IPO to raise funds for expansion, repay debts, and provide liquidity to its investors. It can be considered a wise strategic move as it allowed AirBnb to access the public markets, raise significant capital, and increase its brand recognition and credibility.
An IPO is generally favorable for a company when it wants to raise substantial funds for growth opportunities, such as expanding operations, investing in research and development, or acquiring other companies. By going public, a company can tap into a wider pool of investors and raise capital through the sale of its shares to the public.
In the case of AirBnb, the company utilized an IPO in December 2020 to raise capital and generate liquidity for its shareholders. The COVID-19 pandemic had severely impacted the travel industry, and AirBnb sought additional funds to support its recovery and future growth plans. The IPO allowed AirBnb to raise approximately $3.5 billion, enabling the company to strengthen its financial position and pursue expansion opportunities.
The decision to pursue an IPO can be seen as a wise strategic move for AirBnb. It provided the company with a significant infusion of capital, allowing it to invest in product development, marketing, and technology enhancements. The IPO also increased AirBnb's visibility and brand recognition, attracting more potential customers and partners. Furthermore, going public can enhance the company's credibility and facilitate future access to capital markets if needed.
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In the following situations, two parties claim the same goods. Who is most likely to prevail in each circumstance. Explain. (a) Olan steals Phil's television set and sells it to Quincy, an innocent purchaser, for value, Phil learns Quincy has the set and demands its return. (b) Riley takes his television set for repair to Silky, a merchant who sells new and used television sets. By accident, one of Silky's employees sells the set to Tuna, an innocent purchaser-customer, who takes possession. Riley wants his set back from Tuna. b. 1. Write a formula that can be used to value any stock, regardless of its dividend pattern. 2. What is a constant growth stock? How are constant growth stocks valued?
(a) Phil is most likely to prevail in this circumstance, and Quincy would be required to return the television set to its rightful owner.
(b)The DCF formula is as follows: Stock Value = Sum of (Dividend / (1 + r)^t), where t represents the time period and r is the discount rate.
(b 2) The constant growth rate should be lower than the required rate of return to ensure the stability of the valuation.
(a) Phil is the legitimate owner of the television that Olan stole in this instance. Even if Quincy is an innocent buyer for value, Olan cannot legally sell the stolen items to him. Phil can demand Quincy return the television because he holds the superior title. As a result, Phil is most likely to win this case, and Quincy would have to give back the television to its rightful owner.
(b) In this instance, Riley took his television to a merchant named Silky for repair. However, Tuna, an innocent purchaser-customer, acquired Riley's television set unintentionally as a result of an accidental sale made by one of Silky's employees. In this instance, Tuna bought the set without knowing about Riley's ownership claim or the accidental sale.
Tuna's rights as an innocent purchaser are safeguarded by the legal principle of "bona fide purchaser for value without notice." Tuna acted in good faith, so he had no reason to think there was a dispute over ownership or a flaw in the sale. As a result, it would be difficult for Riley to prevail in this situation and retrieve his set from Tuna. In such instances, the law generally favors safeguarding the rights of innocent purchasers.
The discounted cash flow (DCF) model is used to value any stock, regardless of its dividend pattern. The following is the DCF formula:
The sum of (Dividend / (1 + r)t), where t denotes the time period and r denotes the discount rate, is the stock value.
A type of stock known as a constant growth stock is one in which dividend growth is anticipated to continue at the same rate indefinitely. It presupposes that the dividends will rise over time at a steady, foreseeable rate. Dividend growth stocks are also referred to as constant growth stocks.
The Gordon Growth Model, which takes into account dividends, growth rates, and the required rate of return, is typically used to value constant growth stocks. The Gordon Growth Model's valuation formula for a stock with constant growth is as follows:
Dividend * (1 + g) / (r - g), where g is the required rate of return and r is the constant growth rate.
To guarantee the valuation's stability, the constant growth rate should be lower than the required rate of return.
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please provide an analysis of the ethics, advantages, and
disadvantages of the involvement of Price Waterhouse on the
FASB.
Please include a reference to another peer-reviewed
article or refer to the
There are several advantages to having accounting firms like Price Waterhouse involved in the regulatory process. For one thing, they can provide valuable insight and expertise that can help ensure that the accounting standards are practical and effective. However, there is a risk that the involvement of accounting firms in the regulatory process could lead to conflicts of interest that could undermine the impartiality of the accounting profession. This is the disadvantage of their involvement on the FASB.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is an independent non-profit organization that creates accounting standards and regulates accounting practices for public and private companies and nonprofits in the United States. Price Waterhouse is one of the world's largest and most well-known accounting firms and is well-established in the United States.
Auditing firms have come under scrutiny in recent years for their role in corporate fraud, and many people have questioned whether the close relationship between accounting firms and the companies they audit undermines the independence and impartiality of auditors. As a result, many regulators and accounting organizations have attempted to create regulations and guidelines that will help prevent accounting fraud and ensure that auditors are independent and unbiased.
Analysis of the ethics, advantages, and disadvantages of the involvement of Price Waterhouse on the FASB:
The involvement of Price Waterhouse on the FASB is a topic of debate among accounting professionals, regulators, and the public. This also raises some important ethical questions. Critics argue that having a large accounting firm like Price Waterhouse involved in the creation of accounting standards is essential for ensuring that the standards are practical and realistic. Additionally, having large accounting firms involved in the regulatory process can help ensure that the standards are widely accepted and adopted by companies and other organizations.
However, there are also several disadvantages to having accounting firms involved in the regulatory process. For one thing, there is a risk that the accounting firms involved in the process could use their influence to promote their own interests over the interests of the broader accounting profession. Others also worry that the involvement of accounting firms in the regulatory process could undermine the independence and impartiality of the accounting profession.
References: Kleinman, G., & Mak, Y. T. (2014).
Auditor independence and audit quality: A literature review. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 29(4), 521-557. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X14534643Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2009).
The crisis of fair-value accounting: Making sense of the recent debate. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34(6-7), 826-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2009.07.003
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During 2022, Marigold Compary changed from FIFO to weighted-werage inventory pricing. Pretax income in 2021 and 2020 (Marigolds first year of operations) under FIFO was $137,600 and $154,800, respectively. Pretax income using weighted-average pricing in the prior years would have been $124,700 in 2021 and $146,200 in 2020 . In 2022 , Marigold Company reported pretax income (using weighted-average pricing) of $154,800. Show comparative income statements for Marigold Company, beginning with "Income before income tax, as presented on the 2022 income statement. (The tax rate in all years is 30%.)
Comparative Income Statements for Marigold Company:
Income before income tax, as presented on the 2022 income statement:
$154,800
To prepare the comparative income statements for Marigold Company, we need to consider the change in inventory pricing method from FIFO to weighted-average. We will compare the pretax income under both methods for the years 2021, 2020, and 2022.
Using the provided information, the pretax income under FIFO for 2021 and 2020 was $137,600 and $154,800, respectively. The pretax income under weighted-average pricing for the same years would have been $124,700 in 2021 and $146,200 in 2020.
To calculate the income before income tax for the 2022 income statement, we will use the reported pretax income of $154,800 under weighted-average pricing.
Income before income tax, as presented on the 2022 income statement:
$154,800
Now, let's calculate the income tax for each year using the given tax rate of 30%:
Income tax for 2022:
Income tax = $154,800 * 30%
= $46,440
Income tax for 2021 under FIFO:
Income tax = $137,600 * 30%
= $41,280
Income tax for 2021 under weighted-average:
Income tax = $124,700 * 30%
= $37,410
Income tax for 2020 under FIFO:
Income tax = $154,800 * 30%
= $46,440
Income tax for 2020 under weighted-average:
Income tax = $146,200 * 30%
= $43,860
Now, we can calculate the net income for each year by subtracting the income tax from the income before income tax:
Net income for 2022:
Net income = Income before income tax - Income tax
Net income = $154,800 - $46,440
= $108,360
Net income for 2021 under FIFO:
Net income = $137,600 - $41,280
= $96,320
Net income for 2021 under weighted-average:
Net income = $124,700 - $37,410
= $87,290
Net income for 2020 under FIFO:
Net income = $154,800 - $46,440
= $108,360
Net income for 2020 under weighted-average:
Net income = $146,200 - $43,860
= $102,340
The comparative income statements for Marigold Company show the income before income tax on the 2022 income statement as $154,800. The net income is then calculated for each year considering the change in inventory pricing method. The tax rate of 30% is applied to determine the income tax, and the net income is obtained by subtracting the income tax from the income before income tax.
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please answer in detail all 5 questions
1. Explain the purpose of a marketing strategy.
2. Describe the elements of the marketing mix.
3. Describe a product.
4. Illustrate the concept of positioning.
5. Classify members of a marketing channel.
1. Purpose of a marketing strategyThe purpose of a marketing strategy is to help businesses achieve their goals through effective planning, execution and monitoring of marketing efforts. It involves creating a plan that defines the target audience, identifies the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion), and establishes a plan of action for achieving specific objectives.
2. Elements of the marketing mixThe marketing mix consists of four elements that companies use to promote their products and services. These are the product, price, place, and promotion. Product refers to the actual good or service being sold, while price refers to the amount customers are willing to pay for it. Place refers to the distribution channels through which the product is sold, and promotion refers to the various ways the company promotes its products to consumers.
3. Description of a productA product is a good, service, or idea that can be offered to a market to satisfy a need or want. It can be tangible (such as a physical product) or intangible (such as a service or an idea). A product can be described in terms of its features, benefits, quality, packaging, branding, and positioning.
4. Concept of positioningPositioning refers to the process of establishing a unique identity for a product or service in the minds of consumers. It involves identifying the key benefits that the product or service provides, and then positioning it in a way that sets it apart from its competitors. This can be achieved through a variety of marketing tactics, such as advertising, branding, and pricing.
5. Classification of members of a marketing channelA marketing channel is the set of intermediaries (wholesalers, retailers, agents, brokers, etc.) that help to deliver a product from the producer to the end-user. Members of a marketing channel can be classified based on their role in the channel. For example, a producer is the entity that creates the product, while a wholesaler is the intermediary that purchases the product in bulk from the producer and then resells it to retailers or other intermediaries. Retailers, in turn, sell the product directly to consumers. Other members of the channel, such as agents and brokers, may play various roles in facilitating the exchange of goods between producers and consumers.
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A rational producer optimises the quantity of inputs, when the producer uses up all inputs he/she is able to buy and invest the inputs in production to meet the producer's full capacity. Select one: True False
A rational producer optimizes the quantity of inputs, when the producer uses up all inputs he/she is able to buy and invest the inputs in production to meet the producer's full capacity.
The given statement is False. Explanation:Optimization is a crucial aspect of running a business. To optimize means to increase efficiency and reduce costs while increasing output. It is the process of making the best use of available resources to generate the most value possible.A rational producer strives to optimize the quantity of inputs they utilize to ensure maximum efficiency in production. When a producer is unable to meet their full capacity because of limited resources, they may invest more money in purchasing additional inputs to meet production capacity. Thus, this statement is false as it states that a producer is able to buy and invest the inputs in production to meet the producer's full capacity.
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Discuss the importance of the Bretton Woods conference in establishing a framework and institutions that promote international trade. What has been the general trend in the United States’ trade surplus/deficit since the 1970s and what are some reasons for that trend? Is everyone really better off through trad
Various factors have contributed to the trend, including changes in global economic dynamics, shifts in domestic consumption and production patterns, and exchange rate fluctuations.
The Bretton Woods conference played a crucial role in establishing a framework for international trade and financial cooperation. It resulted in the creation of the IMF and the World Bank, which aimed to promote stability in global financial systems and facilitate economic growth and development.
The IMF focused on maintaining stable exchange rates and providing financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments difficulties. The World Bank aimed to support long-term investment projects and provide funding for infrastructure development and poverty reduction.
Moving on to the trend in the United States' trade surplus/deficit since the 1970s, the country has consistently experienced a trade deficit, meaning it imports more goods and services than it exports. This trend can be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, the shift from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy has resulted in increased reliance on imported goods. Additionally, globalization and advancements in technology have led to increased competition from foreign producers, impacting the competitiveness of certain domestic industries.
Moreover, fluctuations in exchange rates, trade policies, and global economic imbalances have also contributed to the trade deficit.
The question of whether everyone is better off through trade is a complex one. While trade has the potential to benefit economies by providing access to a wider range of goods and services, promoting specialization, and driving economic growth, its effects are not uniformly distributed.
Different industries and groups within society may experience varying impacts. Some industries may face increased competition and job displacement, while others may benefit from new market opportunities.
Additionally, the distributional effects of trade and its impact on income inequality are important considerations.
Overall, the assessment of trade's impact on welfare requires careful analysis of its benefits and costs across different sectors and groups within an economy.
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All of the following are reported on the income statement net of tax except: a.loss on operations from a discontinued division b.other comprehensive income items c. income from operations d. loss on disposal of a division
All of the following are reported on the income statement net of tax except: b. other comprehensive income items.
Other comprehensive income items, such as unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities or foreign currency translation adjustments, are typically reported separately in the comprehensive income statement. They are not included in the net income calculation on the regular income statement.
On the other hand, items such as income from operations (c) and loss on operations from a discontinued division (a) are reported on the income statement after accounting for the applicable income tax expense or benefit. Similarly, loss on disposal of a division (d) is also reported net of tax, considering the tax implications of the transaction.
It is important to note that reporting practices may vary across different accounting frameworks and jurisdictions. However, in general, net income or loss figures on the income statement reflect the tax effects associated with the reported items.
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Annuity number of periods) You've just bought a new flat-screen TV for $3,600 and the store you bought it from offers to let you finance the entire purchase at an annual rate of 11 percent compounded monthly. If you take the financing and make monthly payments of $90, how long will it take to pay off the loan? How much will you pay in interest over the life of the loan? a. The number of years it will take to pay off the loan is years. (Round to one decimal place.)
The number of years it will take to pay off the loan is approximately 5.3 years.
To calculate the number of years, we can use the formula for the number of periods (n) in an annuity:
n = -log(1 - (r * P) / A) / log(1 + r)
Where:
r = monthly interest rate (annual rate divided by 12)
P = principal amount (loan amount)
A = monthly payment
P = $3,600
r = 11% / 12 = 0.11 / 12 = 0.009167
A = $90
Substituting the values into the formula:
n = -log(1 - (0.009167 * 3600) / 90) / log(1 + 0.009167)
n ≈ -log(1 - 0.3675) / log(1.009167)
n ≈ -log(0.6325) / log(1.009167)
n ≈ 5.3 years (rounded to one decimal place)
Therefore, it will take approximately 5.3 years to pay off the loan.
To calculate the total interest paid over the life of the loan, we can subtract the principal amount from the total payments made. The total interest can be calculated as:
Total Interest = (A * n) - P
Substituting the values:
Total Interest = ($90 * 5.3) - $3,600
Total Interest ≈ $477 - $3,600
Total Interest ≈ $-3,123 (negative amount indicates interest paid is less than the principal)
In this case, the total interest paid over the life of the loan would be approximately -$3,123. This negative value indicates that the interest paid is less than the principal amount, which may not align with the expected outcome. Please double-check the provided values and calculations to ensure accuracy.
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the financial statements of a merchandising company will show:
The income statement is one of the three primary financial statements used by businesses and investors.
It outlines a company's revenue, expenses, and net income or loss over a given period.
The gross profit of a merchandising company is calculated as the sales revenue less the cost of goods .
The financial statements of a merchandising company will show:
Sales Revenue, Cost of Goods Sold, and Gross Profit.
These financial statements are used to summarize the activities of a business enterprise.
The financial statements of a merchandising company include the following elements:
Balance sheet Income statement Statement of stockholders' equity Statement of cash flows .
Financial statements provide information on how a company operates and its financial performance for a specific period.
These financial statements are used by investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to make financial decisions regarding the company.
The sales revenue, cost of goods sold, and gross profit of the company are presented in the income statement.
The income statement is one of the three primary financial statements used by businesses and investors.
It outlines a company's revenue, expenses, and net income or loss over a given period.
The gross profit of a merchandising company is calculated as the sales revenue less the cost of goods sold.
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The financial statements of a merchandising company, including the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows, provide important information about its financial performance, position, and cash flows. These statements help investors, creditors, and other stakeholders assess the company's financial health and make informed decisions.
The financial statements of a merchandising company will show several important information about its financial performance and position. These statements include the income statement, the balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows.
1. Income Statement: This statement summarizes the company's revenues, cost of goods sold (COGS), and expenses over a specific period, usually a year. It shows the net income or loss generated by the company during that period. The income statement helps assess the company's profitability.
2. Balance Sheet: This statement provides a snapshot of the company's financial position at a specific point in time. It lists the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity. Assets represent what the company owns, liabilities represent what it owes, and shareholders' equity represents the owners' investment in the company.
3. Statement of Cash Flows: This statement shows the sources and uses of cash during a specific period. It categorizes cash flows into operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. The statement of cash flows helps evaluate the company's ability to generate cash and its liquidity.
Additionally, the financial statements may also include other information such as notes to the financial statements, which provide additional details and explanations about specific items or transactions.
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You are the marketing manager at Unilever for the Axe brand of products. You are introducing a new line of men's hair colouring. 1. Describe how you would use the learning theories of Classical Conditioning, Instrumental Conditioning and Observational Learning to teach consumers about your product. 2. Describe how you would use the principles of encoding, storing and retention to aid your consumers in retaining and retrieving information about your product easily. How can you aid in encoding, storage and retrieval?
As the marketing manager of Unilever for the Axe brand of products, the introduction of a new line of men's hair coloring will benefit from the following principles:
1. Learning Theories of Classical Conditioning, Instrumental Conditioning, and Observational LearningClassical Conditioning: Classical conditioning is a learning theory that can help Axe market their new product. A consumer can be conditioned to associate certain products or experiences with Axe's brand. A classical conditioning approach to marketing would entail associating Axe products with pleasurable or beneficial experiences to encourage customers to buy them.
Instrumental Conditioning: Instrumental conditioning, also known as operant conditioning, is a learning theory that can aid the marketing of Axe's hair color product. The consumer can be reinforced with positive feedback if they purchase or use the new hair color product. This would encourage them to make a habit of using Axe's hair color product to maintain their appearance.Observational Learning: The final learning theory that could be employed to market Axe's new hair color product is observational learning.
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Give a real-life example of fraudulent assignment in contract
law.
Fraudulent assignment is a situation whereby the parties of a contract convey and transfer rights to a third party that is not suitable to receive it. It occurs when an individual is assigned to the contract for their own interest rather than to benefit the other party involved. One example of fraudulent assignment in contract law is when a person is misled into signing a contract under false pretenses.
The classic case of fraudulent assignment was in Tweddle v Atkinson in 1861. In the case, the fathers of the intended groom and bride agreed to pay the groom an amount of money which the father of the bride would pay to him. However, after the marriage ceremony, the father of the bride did not pay the groom and subsequently died without fulfilling his promise. In a bid to recover the money owed to him, the groom sued the father of the bride's executor, but his claim was unsuccessful as he was not a party to the original agreement and had no right to sue for the breach.
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in
contract,
An
acceptance with modification is also a valid acceptance. Do you
agree?
In contract, an acceptance with modification is also a valid acceptance. This statement is true.An acceptance in a contract refers to an agreement to be bound by the terms of the offer.
According to Section 2(1) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, when the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent, the proposal is said to have been accepted. Also, any acceptance with modifications is considered to be a valid acceptance.
For the offeror, any change to the offer will be a counteroffer. A counteroffer, as the name implies, is an offer made by an offeree to an offeror that alters the original offer's terms. A counteroffer serves as a new offer. As a result, if the original offeror accepts the counteroffer, a contract will be created based on the terms of the counteroffer rather than the original offer.
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Prince Electronics, a manufacturer of consumer electronic goods, has five distribution centers in different regions of the country. For one of its products, a highspeed modem priced at $ 340 pe
Prince Electronics, a consumer electronics manufacturer, operates five distribution centers across the country. One of its products, a high-speed modem, is priced at $340 per unit.
Prince Electronics utilizes a distribution network consisting of five strategically located centers to ensure efficient and timely product delivery to customers across the country. Among their product offerings is a high-speed modem, which is priced at $340 per unit.
The distribution centers play a crucial role in the supply chain of Prince Electronics. They receive inventory from manufacturing facilities and store the products until they are ready to be shipped to retailers or directly to customers. The distribution centers are strategically positioned to optimize logistics and minimize transportation costs.
With a price of $340 per unit, Prince Electronics determines the value of the high-speed modem based on factors such as production costs, market demand, competition, and desired profit margins. Pricing decisions also consider factors like product features, quality, brand positioning, and overall market dynamics.
Prince Electronics' distribution centers enable efficient inventory management, order processing, and fulfillment. They contribute to customer satisfaction by ensuring product availability, timely delivery, and effective supply chain operations.
In conclusion, Prince Electronics operates a network of five distribution centers to facilitate the distribution of its products, including a high-speed modem priced at $340 per unit. These centers play a vital role in ensuring efficient and effective delivery to customers while managing the company's supply chain operations.
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Can someone help me with this thanks
You are looking for a house for living. Find at least 2
properties you are interested in purchasing online through real
estate companies like
Zillow
Realtors
Best
1. (www.zillow.com): - Visit the Zillow website and enter your desired location in the search bar.
- Use filters to narrow down your search based on criteria such as price range, number of bedrooms, and property type. - Browse through the listed properties and click on the ones that catch your interest .
- Read the property descriptions, view photos, and check additional details such as square footage, amenities, and property history. - Take note of the properties that you find interesting and save them for further consideration.
2. Realtor.com (www.realtor.com):
- Go to the Realtor.com website and enter your desired location in the search box. - Refine your search using filters such as price range, property type, and specific features you are looking for.
- Explore the search results and click on the properties to view more details. - Read the property descriptions, view photos, and check information about the neighborhood and nearby amenities.
- Save the properties you are interested in for future reference.
3. Best (www.best.com):
- Visit the Best website and enter your desired location or specific property details in the search bar. - Utilize filters to narrow down your search based on your preferences, such as price, property type, and location.
- Browse through the listed properties and click on the ones that attract your attention. - Review the property descriptions, view photos or virtual tours, and gather information about the property's features and condition.
- Save the properties that meet your requirements to compare and consider later.
Remember, these websites provide a platform for property listings, and it's important to conduct thorough research and due diligence before making any purchasing decisions. It's also recommended to work with a real estate agent who can provide additional guidance and assistance throughout the process.
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The accounting records of Larkspur Inc. show the following data for 2020 (its first year of operations). 1. Life insurance expense on officers was $8,100. 2. Equipment was acquired in early January for $329,000. Straight-line depreciation over a 5-year life is used, with no salvage value. For tax purposes, Larkspur used a 30% rate to calculate depreciation. 3. Interest revenue on State of New York bonds totaled $3,800. 4. Product warranties were estimated to be $48,400 in 2020 . Actual repair and labor costs related to the warranties in 2020 were $9,700. The remainder is estimated to be paid evenly in 2021 and 2022. 5. Gross profit on an accrual basis was $92,000. For tax purposes, $77.500 was recorded on the instaliment-sales method. 6. Fines incurred for pollution violations were $4,400. 7. Pretax financial incomewas $750,500. The tax rate is 30%, Prepare a schedule starting with pretax financial income in 2020 and ending with taxable income in 2020.
Pretax financial income: $750,500
Taxable income (after adjustments and deductions): $736,060
To prepare the schedule from pretax financial income to taxable income for Larkspur Inc. in 2020, the following steps were taken:
Starting with a pretax financial income of $750,500, deductible expenses were subtracted, including $8,100 for life insurance expense and $19,740 for equipment depreciation.
Non-taxable income of $3,800 from interest revenue on State of New York bonds was added.
The difference between gross profit calculated on an accrual basis and the installment-sales method, $14,500, was adjusted.
After these calculations, the taxable income for Larkspur Inc. in 2020 was determined to be $736,060.
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Item7 3.3 points eBookPrintReferencesCheck my workCheck My Work button is now enabledItem 7 Miller Company acquired an 80 percent interest in Taylor Company on January 1, 2019. Miller paid $896,000 in cash to the owners of Taylor to acquire these shares. In add ition, the remaining 20 percent of Taylor shares continued to trade at a total value of $224,000 both before and after Miller’s acquisition. On January 1, 2019, Taylor reported a book value of $582,000 (Common Stock = $291,000; Additional Paid-In Capital = $87,300; Retained Earnings = $203,700). Several of Taylor’s buildings that had a remaining life of 20 years were undervalued by a total of $77,700. During the next three years, Taylor reports income and declares dividends as follows: Year Net Income Dividends 2019 $ 68,400 $ 9,900 2020 89,100 14,900 2021 99,300 19,900 Determine the appropriate answers for each of the following questions: What amount of excess depreciation expense should be recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the initial years following this acquisition? If a consolidated balance sheet is prepared as of January 1, 2019, what amount of goodwill should be recognized? If a consolidation worksheet is prepared as of January 1, 2019, what Entry S and Entry A should be included? On the separate financial records of the parent company, what amount of investment income would be reported for 2019 under each of the following accounting methods? The equity method. The partial equity method. The initial value method. On the parent company’s separate financial records, what would be the December 31, 2021, balance for the Investment in Taylor Company account under each of the following accounting methods? The equity method. The partial equity method. The initial value method. As of December 31, 2020, Miller’s Buildings account on its separate records has a balance of $796,000 and Taylor has a similar account with a $298,500 balance. What is the consolidated balance for the Buildings account? What is the balance of consolidated goodwill as of December 31, 2021? Assume that the parent company has been applying the equity method to this investment. On December 31, 2021, the separate financial statements for the two companies present the following information: Miller Company Taylor Company Common stock $ 497,500 $ 291,000 Additional paid-in capital 278,600 87,300 Retained earnings, 12/31/21 616,900 415,800 What will be the consolidated balance of each of these accounts?
The amount of excess depreciation expense that should be recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the initial years following this acquisition is $6,350, $8,300, and $9,300 for 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively.The amount of goodwill that should be recognized in the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019, is $338,000.The Entry S and Entry A that should be included if a consolidation worksheet is prepared as of January 1, 2019, are Debit Investment in Taylor Company $896,000; Credit Cash $896,000.
Excess depreciation is the quantity by which Taylor's equipment was undervalued and must be adjusted. In this scenario, Taylor's buildings were undervalued by $77,700. As a result, for each year after the acquisition, Miller must recognize $77,700/20 years = $3,885 as additional depreciation expenses ($3,885 * 2 = $7,770 rounded up).In addition, Miller must recognize its share of Taylor's reported income under the equity method. The income reported by Taylor in the three years after the acquisition is $68,400, $89,100, and $99,300. For 2019, Miller's 80 percent share of Taylor's income is $54,720. Miller would recognize $2,520 ($9,900 x 80 percent) in dividends in 2019. Similarly, in 2020 and 2021, Miller's shares of Taylor's income and dividends are as follows:
The amount of goodwill to be recorded in the consolidated balance sheet is calculated as follows:
Total consideration paid = $896,000 + ($224,000 * 20 percent) = $939,200
Book value of Taylor = $582,000
Fair value of Taylor = $939,200 - $77,700 (the amount of undervalued buildings) = $861,500
Goodwill = Fair value - Book value = $861,500 - $582,000 = $279,500 (rounded up to $338,000)
The Entry S and Entry A that should be included in the consolidation worksheet as of January 1, 2019, are: Debit Investment in Taylor Company $896,000; Credit Cash $896,000.On the separate financial records of the parent company, the investment income reported for 2019 would be $54,720 under the equity method. Under the partial equity method, the parent company would report $0 investment income. Under the initial value method, the investment income reported would be $0.The Investment in Taylor Company balance on the parent company's separate financial records as of December 31, 2021, would be as follows:
Equity method: $1,159,680
Partial equity method: $805,200
Initial value method: $896,000
The consolidated balance for the Buildings account as of December 31, 2020, is $1,094,500 ($796,000 + $298,500)
The balance of consolidated goodwill as of December 31, 2021, would be $401,800 ($63,700 + $180,100 + $158,000).
In this question, Miller Company acquires an 80 percent interest in Taylor Company. The correct answers to the given questions are:The amount of excess depreciation expense that should be recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the initial years following this acquisition is $6,350, $8,300, and $9,300 for 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively.The amount of goodwill that should be recognized in the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019, is $338,000.The Entry S and Entry A that should be included if a consolidation worksheet is prepared as of January 1, 2019, are Debit Investment in Taylor Company $896,000; Credit Cash $896,000.The consolidated balance for the Buildings account as of December 31, 2020, is $1,094,500. The balance of consolidated goodwill as of December 31, 2021, would be $401,800.
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Compile a Research Proposal that ONLY includes the following items:
2.1. Topic/Title (1)
2.2. Orientation of study (Cite at least 10 journal articles). (15)
2.3. Problem Statement (Half a page). (10)
2.4. Significant of study (4)
2.5. Research questions (four). (4)
2.6. Limitations (2)
2.7. Instrument (s) (3)
2.8. Population size & Sample (motivate your answers) (5)
2.9 Data analysis (3)
2.10. Cite & list at least 13 academic articles from academic journal(s).
Employ APA referencing style. (3)
A research proposal should have an interesting title or topic, with orientation cited from at least ten journal articles. It should include a problem statement, significance of the study, research questions, limitations, instruments, population size & sample, data analysis, and a list of 13 academic articles from academic journals with APA referencing style.
Topic/Title
The research proposal’s title should indicate an interesting research topic.
Orientation of study
Citing at least ten journal articles shows the study’s orientation and indicates that previous research has been conducted on the topic. This also helps to understand the gap that still needs to be covered and scope for future research.
Problem Statement
This section should describe the research problem that the study seeks to solve. It should be precise, clear, and succinct.
Significance of study
This section explains the importance of the study and why it matters. It helps to understand the study’s benefits to the scientific field, the participants, and the society at large.
Research questions
The research questions help to outline the study’s objectives and how to go about answering them. They help to define the scope and limitations of the study.
Limitations
It is essential to identify the study’s limitations to determine the extent of generalization. This helps to define the scope of the study and what is beyond the study’s limitations.
Instrument(s)
The instruments describe how data will be collected from the participants.
Population size & Sample
This section describes the sample size and how participants will be selected to participate in the study.
Data analysis
This section describes how the data will be collected and analyzed, and the statistical tests to be used.
Cite & list at least 13 academic articles from academic journal(s)
This section lists the academic articles from academic journals with APA referencing style to support the research proposal.
A well-written research proposal should include an interesting title, orientation of study from ten journal articles, a clear problem statement, the significance of the study, four research questions, limitations, instrument(s), population size & sample, data analysis, and at least 13 academic articles from academic journals with APA referencing style.
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